Curriculum for Middle School Percussion
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THE SHARED INFLUENCES and CHARACTERISTICS of JAZZ FUSION and PROGRESSIVE ROCK by JOSEPH BLUNK B.M.E., Illinois State University, 2014
COMMON GROUND: THE SHARED INFLUENCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF JAZZ FUSION AND PROGRESSIVE ROCK by JOSEPH BLUNK B.M.E., Illinois State University, 2014 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master in Jazz Performance and Pedagogy Department of Music 2020 Abstract Blunk, Joseph Michael (M.M., Jazz Performance and Pedagogy) Common Ground: The Shared Influences and Characteristics of Jazz Fusion and Progressive Rock Thesis directed by Dr. John Gunther In the late 1960s through the 1970s, two new genres of music emerged: jazz fusion and progressive rock. Though typically thought of as two distinct styles, both share common influences and stylistic characteristics. This thesis examines the emergence of both genres, identifies stylistic traits and influences, and analyzes the artistic output of eight different groups: Return to Forever, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Miles Davis’s electric ensembles, Tony Williams Lifetime, Yes, King Crimson, Gentle Giant, and Soft Machine. Through qualitative listenings of each group’s musical output, comparisons between genres or groups focus on instances of one genre crossing over into the other. Though many examples of crossing over are identified, the examples used do not necessitate the creation of a new genre label, nor do they demonstrate the need for both genres to be combined into one. iii Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Part One: The Emergence of Jazz………………………………………………………….. 3 Part Two: The Emergence of Progressive………………………………………………….. 10 Part Three: Musical Crossings Between Jazz Fusion and Progressive Rock…………….... 16 Part Four: Conclusion, Genre Boundaries and Commonalities……………………………. 40 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………. -
On Modulation —
— On Modulation — Dean W. Billmeyer University of Minnesota American Guild of Organists National Convention June 25, 2008 Some Definitions • “…modulating [is] going smoothly from one key to another….”1 • “Modulation is the process by which a change of tonality is made in a smooth and convincing way.”2 • “In tonal music, a firmly established change of key, as opposed to a passing reference to another key, known as a ‘tonicization’. The scale or pitch collection and characteristic harmonic progressions of the new key must be present, and there will usually be at least one cadence to the new tonic.”3 Some Considerations • “Smoothness” is not necessarily a requirement for a successful modulation, as much tonal literature will illustrate. A “convincing way” is a better criterion to consider. • A clear establishment of the new key is important, and usually a duration to the modulation of some length is required for this. • Understanding a modulation depends on the aural perception of the listener; hence, some ambiguity is inherent in distinguishing among a mere tonicization, a “false” modulation, and a modulation. • A modulation to a “foreign” key may be easier to accomplish than one to a diatonically related key: the ear is forced to interpret a new key quickly when there is a large change in the number of accidentals (i.e., the set of pitch classes) in the keys used. 1 Max Miller, “A First Step in Keyboard Modulation”, The American Organist, October 1982. 2 Charles S. Brown, CAGO Study Guide, 1981. 3 Janna Saslaw: “Modulation”, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 5 May 2008), http://www.grovemusic.com. -
The Snare Drum Roll
ACADEMY OF MUSIC AND DRAMA The Snare Drum Roll Lúcia Viana da Silva Independent Project (Degree Project), 30 HEC, Master of Fine Arts in Symphonic Orchestra Performance Spring Semester, 2017 Independent Project (Degree Project), 30 higher education credits Master of Fine Arts in Symphonic Orchestra Performance Academy of Music and Drama, University of Gothenburg Spring semester, 2017 Author: Lúcia Viana da Silva Title: The Snare Drum Roll Supervisor: PhD Maria Bania Examiner: PhD. Tilman Skowroneck ABSTRACT Key words: orchestral percussion, snare drum, technique, roll. Like most other percussion instruments, the snare drum was introduced relatively late in the symphonic orchestra, and major changes and improvements concerning its playing techniques are still taking place. One of the most distinctive aspects of the snare drum is the roll, which consists of a challenge that most percussionists face eventually during their career. This project reflects my research on the snare drum roll during the last two years, gives a short background of snare drum playing and its technical development, and provides observations and reflections of different techniques to play a roll. As a percussionist myself, I analyzed and practiced on the execution of rolls as part of the research. This project includes notes on my interpretation of four orchestral excerpts, showing how technical development and control over the roll open musical possibilities to the orchestral percussionist. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMTS I would first like to thank my supervisor, PhD Maria Bania, who was always available and responsive to my questions and supportive of my ideas. Her enthusiasm and constant demand gave me the drive and encouragement for writing this thesis. -
Relating Stave Pitches to DAW Piano & Drum Rolls for Inputting Notes Relating Notation Durations to MIDI Sequencer Note Leng
Relating Notation durations to MIDI sequencer note lengths Note Name Duration Piano roll Snap/Quantise Semibreve 4 1/1 1-DAW (Digital Audio Workstation): a digital system designed for recording and editing digital audio. It may refer to audio hardware, audio software, or both. 2-MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface): the interchange Dotted 3 - of musical information between musical instruments, synthesizers and computers. Minim 3-MIDI controller: any hardware or software that generates and transmits MIDI data to electronic or digital MIDI-enabled devices, typically to trigger sounds Minim 2 1/2 and control parameters of an electronic music performance. 4-Sequencer: a software application or a digital electronic device that can record, save, play and edit audio files. Dotted 1 ½ - 5-Arrange Window: the main window of Logic Pro. It incorporates other Logic Pro Crotchet editors and it's where you do most of your work. 6-Drum Machine: An electronic device containing a sequencer that can be Crotchet 1 1/4 programmed to arrange and alter digitally stored drum sounds. 7-Tempo: the pace or speed at which a section of music is played. 8-Quantise/Quantisation: the rhythmic correction of audio or MIDI regions to a Dotted ¾ - specific time grid. Quaver 9- Fader: a device for gradually increasing or decreasing the level of an audio signal. Basic Functions of a DAW Quaver ½ 1/8 Audio Recording: The basic function of any DAW is record audio. DAWs can handle dozens to hundreds of audio tracks without causing too much strain on most systems. Audio Editing: Audio clips can be cut, copied and pasted. -
Electrophonic Musical Instruments
G10H CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION G PHYSICS (NOTES omitted) INSTRUMENTS G10 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS (NOTES omitted) G10H ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (electronic circuits in general H03) NOTE This subclass covers musical instruments in which individual notes are constituted as electric oscillations under the control of a performer and the oscillations are converted to sound-vibrations by a loud-speaker or equivalent instrument. WARNING In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. 1/00 Details of electrophonic musical instruments 1/053 . during execution only {(voice controlled (keyboards applicable also to other musical instruments G10H 5/005)} instruments G10B, G10C; arrangements for producing 1/0535 . {by switches incorporating a mechanical a reverberation or echo sound G10K 15/08) vibrator, the envelope of the mechanical 1/0008 . {Associated control or indicating means (teaching vibration being used as modulating signal} of music per se G09B 15/00)} 1/055 . by switches with variable impedance 1/0016 . {Means for indicating which keys, frets or strings elements are to be actuated, e.g. using lights or leds} 1/0551 . {using variable capacitors} 1/0025 . {Automatic or semi-automatic music 1/0553 . {using optical or light-responsive means} composition, e.g. producing random music, 1/0555 . {using magnetic or electromagnetic applying rules from music theory or modifying a means} musical piece (automatically producing a series of 1/0556 . {using piezo-electric means} tones G10H 1/26)} 1/0558 . {using variable resistors} 1/0033 . {Recording/reproducing or transmission of 1/057 . by envelope-forming circuits music for electrophonic musical instruments (of 1/0575 . -
Key Relationships in Music
LearnMusicTheory.net 3.3 Types of Key Relationships The following five types of key relationships are in order from closest relation to weakest relation. 1. Enharmonic Keys Enharmonic keys are spelled differently but sound the same, just like enharmonic notes. = C# major Db major 2. Parallel Keys Parallel keys share a tonic, but have different key signatures. One will be minor and one major. D minor is the parallel minor of D major. D major D minor 3. Relative Keys Relative keys share a key signature, but have different tonics. One will be minor and one major. Remember: Relatives "look alike" at a family reunion, and relative keys "look alike" in their signatures! E minor is the relative minor of G major. G major E minor 4. Closely-related Keys Any key will have 5 closely-related keys. A closely-related key is a key that differs from a given key by at most one sharp or flat. There are two easy ways to find closely related keys, as shown below. Given key: D major, 2 #s One less sharp: One more sharp: METHOD 1: Same key sig: Add and subtract one sharp/flat, and take the relative keys (minor/major) G major E minor B minor A major F# minor (also relative OR to D major) METHOD 2: Take all the major and minor triads in the given key (only) D major E minor F minor G major A major B minor X as tonic chords # (C# diminished for other keys. is not a key!) 5. Foreign Keys (or Distantly-related Keys) A foreign key is any key that is not enharmonic, parallel, relative, or closely-related. -
Study Guide for the High School Percussionist
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1965 Study guide for the high school percussionist Alan Anderson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Anderson, Alan, "Study guide for the high school percussionist" (1965). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3698. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3698 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY GUIDE FOR THE HIGH SCHOOL PERCUSSIONIST by ALAN J. ANDERSON B. M. Montana State University, 1957 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M aster of Music UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1965 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Exarqi rs D q^, Graduate School SEP 2 2 1965 D ate UMI Number: EP35326 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP35326 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. -
DANSES CQNCERTANTES by IGOR STRAVINSKY: an ARRANGEMENT for TWO PIANOS, FOUR HANDS by KEVIN PURRONE, B.M., M.M
DANSES CQNCERTANTES BY IGOR STRAVINSKY: AN ARRANGEMENT FOR TWO PIANOS, FOUR HANDS by KEVIN PURRONE, B.M., M.M. A DISSERTATION IN FINE ARTS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Accepted August, 1994 t ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my appreciation to Dr. William Westney, not only for the excellent advice he offered during the course of this project, but also for the fine example he set as an artist, scholar and teacher during my years at Texas Tech University. The others on my dissertation committee-Dr. Wayne Hobbs, director of the School of Music, Dr. Kenneth Davis, Dr. Richard Weaver and Dr. Daniel Nathan-were all very helpful in inspiring me to complete this work. Ms. Barbi Dickensheet at the graduate school gave me much positive assistance in the final preparation and layout of the text. My father, Mr. Savino Purrone, as well as my family, were always very supportive. European American Music granted me permission to reprint my arrangement—this was essential, and I am thankful for their help and especially for Ms. Caroline Kane's assistance in this matter. Many other individuals assisted me, sometimes without knowing it. To all I express my heartfelt thanks and appreciation. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION 1 n. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 3 Doubled Notes 3 Articulations 4 Melodic Material 4 Equal Roles 4 Free Redistribution of Parts 5 Practical Considerations 5 Homogeneity of Rhythm 5 Dynamics 6 Tutti GesUires 6 Homogeneity of Texmre 6 Forte-Piano Chords 7 Movement EI: Variation I 7 Conclusion 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9 m APPENDIX A. -
Áskell Másson's Solos for Snare Drum: Maximizing Musical Expression Through Varying Compositional Techniques and Experimenta
ÁSKELL MÁSSON’S SOLOS FOR SNARE DRUM: MAXIMIZING MUSICAL EXPRESSION THROUGH VARYING COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND EXPERIMENTATION IN TIMBRE John Michael O’Neal, B.M., M.M. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2015 Christopher Deane, Major Professor Eugene Corporon, Related Field Professor Mark Ford, Committee Member Benjamin Brand, Director of Graduate Studies, College of Music James Scott, Dean of the College of Music Costas Tsatsoulis, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School O’Neal, John Micheal. Áskell Másson’s Solos for Snare Drum: Maximizing Musical Expression through Varying Compositional Techniques and Experimentation in Timbre. Doctor of Musical Arts (Performance), December 2015, 38 pp., 7 figures, 29 musical examples, references, 27 titles. This dissertation and accompanying lecture recital explores the musical elements present in Áskell Másson’s three solos for snare drum, PRÍM (1984), KÍM (2001) and B2B: Back to Basics (2010). Two of the primary challenges for the performer when playing solo literature on a non-pitch oriented instrument are identifying thematic structures and understanding how to interpret all innovative sound production techniques employed within the music. A thematic and compositional analysis, as well as an investigation into the experimentation of timbre found in Másson’s three pieces for solo snare drum will help to clarify the musical complexities that are present throughout. Copyright 2015 by John Michael O’Neal ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks and gratitude to my committee members and mentors Christopher Deane, Mark Ford and Eugene Corporon for their assistance with this project and their influence in shaping me as a teacher and performer. -
Microphone Techniques for Drums (English)
MICROPHONE TECHNIQUES DRUMS A Shure Educational Publication Microphone Techniques Table of Contents for DRUMS General Rules . 4 Microphone Positions . 6 Overhead-Cymbals . 7 Snare drum . 7 Bass drum (kick drum) . 7 Tom-toms . 7 Hi-hat . 8 Snare, hi-hat and hi-tom . 8 Cymbals, floor tom and hi-tom . 8 Timbales, congas, bongos . 9 Tambourine . 9 Steel drums . 9 Xylophone, marimba, vibraphone . 9 Glockenspiel . 9 Glossary . 10 Microphone Selection Guide . 11 Drums 3 Microphone Techniques for DRUMS GENERAL RULES Microphone technique is largely a matter of personal taste — whatever method sounds right for the particular instrument, musician, and song is right. There is no one ideal microphone to use on any particular instrument. There is also no one ideal way to place a microphone. Place the microphone to get the sound you want. However, the desired sound can often be achieved more quickly and consistently by understanding basic microphone characteristics, sound-radiation properties of musical instruments, and acoustic fundamentals. Here are some suggestions to follow when miking musical instruments for sound reinforcement. • Try to get the sound source (instrument, voice, or amplifier) to sound good acoustically (“live”) before miking it. • Use a microphone with a frequency response that is limited to the frequency range of the instrument, if possible, or filter out frequencies below the lowest fundamental frequency of the instrument. • To determine a good starting microphone position, try closing one ear with your finger. Listen to the sound source with the other ear and move around until you find a spot that sounds good. Put the microphone there. -
Stylistic Evolution of Jazz Drummer Ed Blackwell: the Cultural Intersection of New Orleans and West Africa
STYLISTIC EVOLUTION OF JAZZ DRUMMER ED BLACKWELL: THE CULTURAL INTERSECTION OF NEW ORLEANS AND WEST AFRICA David J. Schmalenberger Research Project submitted to the College of Creative Arts at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in Percussion/World Music Philip Faini, Chair Russell Dean, Ph.D. David Taddie, Ph.D. Christopher Wilkinson, Ph.D. Paschal Younge, Ed.D. Division of Music Morgantown, West Virginia 2000 Keywords: Jazz, Drumset, Blackwell, New Orleans Copyright 2000 David J. Schmalenberger ABSTRACT Stylistic Evolution of Jazz Drummer Ed Blackwell: The Cultural Intersection of New Orleans and West Africa David J. Schmalenberger The two primary functions of a jazz drummer are to maintain a consistent pulse and to support the soloists within the musical group. Throughout the twentieth century, jazz drummers have found creative ways to fulfill or challenge these roles. In the case of Bebop, for example, pioneers Kenny Clarke and Max Roach forged a new drumming style in the 1940’s that was markedly more independent technically, as well as more lyrical in both time-keeping and soloing. The stylistic innovations of Clarke and Roach also helped foster a new attitude: the acceptance of drummers as thoughtful, sensitive musical artists. These developments paved the way for the next generation of jazz drummers, one that would further challenge conventional musical roles in the post-Hard Bop era. One of Max Roach’s most faithful disciples was the New Orleans-born drummer Edward Joseph “Boogie” Blackwell (1929-1992). Ed Blackwell’s playing style at the beginning of his career in the late 1940’s was predominantly influenced by Bebop and the drumming vocabulary of Max Roach. -
Major and Minor Scales Half and Whole Steps
Dr. Barbara Murphy University of Tennessee School of Music MAJOR AND MINOR SCALES HALF AND WHOLE STEPS: half-step - two keys (and therefore notes/pitches) that are adjacent on the piano keyboard whole-step - two keys (and therefore notes/pitches) that have another key in between chromatic half-step -- a half step written as two of the same note with different accidentals (e.g., F-F#) diatonic half-step -- a half step that uses two different note names (e.g., F#-G) chromatic half step diatonic half step SCALES: A scale is a stepwise arrangement of notes/pitches contained within an octave. Major and minor scales contain seven notes or scale degrees. A scale degree is designated by an Arabic numeral with a cap (^) which indicate the position of the note within the scale. Each scale degree has a name and solfege syllable: SCALE DEGREE NAME SOLFEGE 1 tonic do 2 supertonic re 3 mediant mi 4 subdominant fa 5 dominant sol 6 submediant la 7 leading tone ti MAJOR SCALES: A major scale is a scale that has half steps (H) between scale degrees 3-4 and 7-8 and whole steps between all other pairs of notes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 W W H W W W H TETRACHORDS: A tetrachord is a group of four notes in a scale. There are two tetrachords in the major scale, each with the same order half- and whole-steps (W-W-H). Therefore, a tetrachord consisting of W-W-H can be the top tetrachord or the bottom tetrachord of a major scale.