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Women's Participation in Lower Ikpa River Fisheries of Akwa Ibom State

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Women's Participation in Lower Ikpa River Fisheries of Akwa Ibom State FSN-PW 0011 WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN LOWER IKPA RIVER FISHERIES OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF IFIAYONG EKPO, I. E. and UDOH, J. P. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Uyo, Uyo Copyright 2010, Fisheries Society of Nigeria. INTRODUCTION This paper was prepared for presentation at the 25th Annual International Conference and Exhibition in Administrative Staff College of Nigeria Fisheries is an important sub-sector of the (ASCON), Topo-Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria, 25th – 29th October, 2010. Nigerian economy (Shinkafi, 2007) which This paper was selected for presentation by an FISON Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the attracts various participants and author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Fisheries Society of Nigeria and are subject to correction by the author(s). contributors to the economic development The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, its officers, or members. Papers presented at of the nation. Fishing is the main FISON meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or occupation of the people of Akwa Ibom storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria is prohibited. Permission to State of Nigeria. The State is blessed with reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous several networks of streams, rivers and acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), P. O. Box 2607 Apapa, seasonally-flooded plains (ponds and Lagos. swamps) which house some important socio-economic food fish species. ABSTRACT Fisheries resources serve as sources of Ifiayong is a small local village market cheap protein diet, employment where economically and commercially opportunities, recreation, tourism and important fin and shellfishes are landed. It research, among others. The fisheries is located very close to the Five Star and enterprise employs both men and women, Ibom Le Meridian Hotels at Nwaniba with most men preferring clean, good and beach. Women functioned as transporters, higher paid white-collar jobs. Women are sorters, processors, financiers, distributors active participants in the traditional and marketers of the thirty-two finfish fisheries sub-sector. They are either families, seven shellfish species together wholly involved or complement the men in with three turtles (reptiles) encountered at sustenance of their households. There is the study site. Socio-economic survey therefore a great need to encourage the revealed that ninety-four women modally women folk in this sector in order to aged 46-55years (34; 36.17%) increase fish supply as well as the overall participated in the fisheries and frequently economic wellbeing of fisher families. communicated in Efik (40; 42.55%), and The objective of this paper is to critically were mostly drop-outs (40; 40.56%) in survey the participation of women in educational level and polygamous (35; fisheries development at Ifiayong fish 38.30%). The modal family size was 11-15 market in the lower Ikpa River; to identify persons (45; 47.87%) who invested N the fishery resources; to investigate the 41,000 - N 50,000 (28; 29.79%). Problems socio-economic status of the women and to encountered by these women together with identify the problems facing them with the the corresponding solutions and view of proffering appropriate recommendations proffered solutions/recommendations. were highlighted with the aim of making Ifiayong a revenue generating and tourism MATERIALS AND METHODS centre for Uruan Local Council and Akwa Study area Ibom State Government. The Ikpa River is situated in Akwa Ibom Keywords: Women, inaha, Ifiayong, State (latitude 05 11' and longitude 07 lower Ikpa River 55') within the rainforest zone of southeastern Nigeria. It is a small 650 Ekpo, I. E. & Udoh, J. P. FISON EKO 2010 perennial rainforest tributary stream Fish sample collection located west of the lower reaches of the Fish samples were collected and preserved Cross River system. It drains a catchment in 10% diluted formaldehyde solution in area of 516.5 km2 (76.5 km2 or 14.8% of well-labelled containers to reduce which is liable to annual flooding). The microbial digestion to the minimum total length of the main channel (between (Fagade, 1983, Fagade and Olaniyan, its source in Ikono and discharge point into 1973). All preserved samples were the Cross River creek at Nwaniba) is 53.5 removed from the formaldehyde solution, km. The Cross River finally empties into rinsed in clean water and placed slanting the Atlantic Ocean. Consequently, the with the mouth down to drain out excess lower Ikpa River experiences tidal effect fluid for about 5- 10 minutes prior as manifested in many marine (euryhaline) identification. Specimens were identified intrusive species (Udoidiong and King, to family level with the aid of 2000). Paddled canoes are landed during identification keys by FAO/UN(1970), the high tide for the women who offloaded Ayaji (1979), Mills et al. (1988), the catches. The stream is considerably Olaosebikan and Raji (1988), FAO(1990), shaded by overhanging canopy of riparian Teugels et al. (1992), Edwards et al. vegetation (mostly Elaeis guineensis, (2001), Idodo-Umeh (2005) and Adesulu Pandanus, Raphia hookeri, R. vinifera and and Syneden (2007). other tropical forest trees). The aquatic Personal observations and interviews with macrophytes are mainly Nymphaea, the fishers helped to provide some Vossia, Utricularia and Musanga crinium information about the socioeconomic species. Climate of the area is typical of situation of the fishers and their personal tropical rain forests: it comprises dry perception on the state of the fishery. (November – March) and wet (April – These were subsequently subjected to October) seasons (King, 1989; Teugels et simple descriptive statistics and ranking by al., 1992; Udoidiong and King, 2000). quantification analysis (Tafida et al., Ifiayong fish landing site is a local small 2009). village market with small, low, open shades built with bamboo (Raphia sp.) RESULTS leaves, wooden pillars and two abandoned Fishery resources of Ifiayong concrete blocks with zinc roof. The market Thirty-two finfish families of commercial, is neglected and uncared for, with very food and economic importance were poor sanitary condition, overgrown weeds, landed at Ifiayong namely: mormyridae, offensive odour from putrefying organic mochokidae, bagridae, malapterururidae, matter, indiscriminate refuse dump and lutjanidae, ariidae, anabantidae, human wastes. Foodstuffs and goods sold carangidae, centropomidae, channidae, at the market include smoked iced-fish, characidae, cichlidae, citharinidae, stockfish heads, coconuts, groundnuts, dry clarridae, clupeidae, cynoglossidae, pepper, palm oil, meat, afang (Gnetum), cyprinidae, distichodontidae, eleotridae, editan (Lasianthera), bitter leaf, clothings elopidae, gobiidae, hepsetidae, (wrappers, rubber slippers, fairly used icthyboridae, monodactylidae, mugilidae, dresses) and provisions (from only one notopteridae, polynemidae, pomadasidae, store). When water inundates the marginal scaenidae, schilbeidae, soleidae and farmlands during the peak of the rainy sphyraenidae. Seven commercially season, farm produce such as cocoyam, important freshwater shellfishes identified cassava, pepper, okra, garden-eggs, included freshwater clam, crabs, pumpkin and water yam are harvested and periwinkles and shrimps. Three turtles sold at a very cheap cost. (reptiles) were also seen among the catches landed at Ifiayong. The fisheries resources ISSN: 1117-3149 PROCEEDINGS OF FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA (FISON) ASCON, BADAGRY 25th-29th OCTOBER 2010 FSN-PW 0011 651 Women’s Participation In Lower Ikpa River Fisheries Of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: A Case Study Of Ifiayong FISON EKO 2010 observed show a high endemic piscine as well as religious beliefs, majority of the richness of freshwater families. Seventeen women in Sokoto were not engaged in (17) of the 25 fish families earlier reported outdoor activities; fisheries being by Udoidiong and King (2000) in a study inclusive. The involvement of Ifiayong of five streams/rivers (Ikpa River women are as:- inclusive), were encountered in this study Transporters to confirm the species richness of this site. When the fishers landed with their catches Since rivers serve as feeding, spawning together with other farm produce, the and nursery habitat for freshwater and female loaders (transporters) wade through some marine intrusive species, they the water to the sides of boat and offload contribute to fish recruitment into coastal them into large basins. These are brought fisheries and form an important part of to the stalls where they were poured on the freshwater fisheries of the Cross, Qua Iboe well-swept bare floor. For their labours, and Imo Rivers (Teugels et al., 1992; they were paid an agreed amount of money Udoidiong and King, 2000). Moses (1987) together with a small part of the landings. and Essen (1990) also reported of the Sorters presence of some shellfishes in the Cross This group of women wait at the stalls for River system to include freshwater clam catches to be delivered, thereafter; they (Egeria
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