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Analysis of the Vegetative Cover of the Brule River Watershed Re-Visited (1852 – 2016) Phase I

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Analysis of the Vegetative Cover of the Brule River Watershed Re-Visited (1852 – 2016) Phase I Analysis of the Vegetative Cover of the Brule River Watershed Re-Visited (1852 – 2016) Phase I Lake Superior Research Institute University of Wisconsin – Superior Wisconsin State Herbarium (UW-Madison) Analysis of the Vegetative Cover of the Brule River Watershed Re-Visited (1852 – 2016) Phase I Authors: Mr. Paul Hlina (Research Botanist) and Mr. Reed Schwarting, Lake Superior Research Institute, Dr. Mary Ann Feist, Wisconsin State Herbarium (UW-Madison), and Mr. Derek Anderson, Anderson Consulting. Contributors: - Mr. Derek Anderson (Plant Ecologist/Botanist), Anderson Consulting - Dr. William Bajjali (Professor of Hydrogeologist and GIS), University of Wisconsin – Superior - Dr. Nicholas Danz (Associate Professor of Plant Science), University of Wisconsin – Superior - Mrs. Ruthanna Davidson (Reviewer), Duluth, Minnesota - Mr. Kevin Doyle (Natural Heritage Botanist), Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Dr. Mary Ann Feist (Herbarium Curator), Wisconsin State Herbarium - Dr. Robert Freckmann (Professor Emeritus, Botany), University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point - Ms. Stephanie Glass (Research Tech.), Lake Superior Research Institute - Dr. Emmet Judziewicz (Professor Emeritus, Botany),University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point - Mr. Ryan O’Connor (Assistant Ecologist) Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Mr. Reed Schwarting (Associate Research Specialist), Lake Superior Research Institute - Botany Blitz Survey (Volunteer Expert Botanist), Illinois Natural History Survey o Mr. Paul Marcum o Ms. Jean Mengelkoch o Dr. Brenda Molano-Flores o Dr. Loy Richard Phillippe - Student Assistance (University of Wisconsin – Superior) o Mr. Dan Gil De Lamadrid o Ms. Paige Kent o Mr. Adam Krick o Mr. Michael Krick Partners and Supporters of the Project: Brule River Coalition, Mr. Robert Banks Brule River Preservation Mr. Robert Banks Brule River Sportsman’s Club, Mr. Ken Lundberg Cedar Island Conservancy, Mr. Phil Ordway Douglas County Land and Water Conservation, Ms. Christine Ostern Duluth – Superior Area Community Foundation Enbridge Ecofootprint Grant, administered by Minnesota Association of Resource Conservation and Development Friends of the Brule River and Forest. Mr. Glenn Steinke Lake Superior National Estuary Research and Reserve The Nature Conservancy, Ms. Stephanie Judge Northflow, Mr. Mike Gardner UW – Madison - Botany Department UW – Madison - Wisconsin State Herbarium UWS – Lake Superior Research Institute UWS – Natural Sciences Department UWS – Foundation, Dr. Donald W. Davidson Memorial Fund UWS – Undergraduate Research Scholarship, Creative Activity WDNR – Brule River State Forest, Mr. David Schulz WDNR – State Natural Areas Program, Mr. Ryan Magana WDNR – Natural Heritage Inventory Program West Wisconsin Land Trust. Ms. Jane Anklam Winneboujou Club Wisconsin Coastal Management Program, Mr. Travis Olson Lake Superior Research Institute University of Wisconsin – Superior Wisconsin State Herbarium (UW-Madison) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. iii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... v -Acknowledgements- ............................................................................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1: PLANT COMMUNITY CHANGES IN SPECIES COMPOSITION, RICHNESS, DIVERSITY AND FLORISTIC QUALITY OF THE BRULE RIVER WATERSHED (1944 to 2016) written by Paul Hlina, Mary Ann Feist, Reed Schwarting and Derek Anderson. ..............................................................................................................................1 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................................................................................1 Boreal Forests of the Brule .................................................................................................................................1 White Cedar Swamps of the Brule ......................................................................................................................2 Pine Barrens of the Brule ....................................................................................................................................3 RESEARCH METHODS .............................................................................................................................................4 Geo-referencing Methods ..................................................................................................................................4 Vegetation Sampling Methods ...........................................................................................................................6 Difficult to Identify Taxa .....................................................................................................................................6 Biodiversity Metrics ............................................................................................................................................7 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................................8 Vegetation Cover Map Analysis (1852-2016) .....................................................................................................8 Sorensen’s Similarity Index .................................................................................................................................9 Species Richness and Introduced Species ..........................................................................................................9 Groundcover and Shrub Prevalent Species ..................................................................................................... 10 Mean Cn and Ct ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin Collaborative .............................................................................................. 11 Rare and Notable Plants .................................................................................................................................. 11 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Boreal Forest of the Brule ................................................................................................................................ 12 White Cedar Swamps of the Brule ................................................................................................................... 13 Pine Barrens of the Brule ................................................................................................................................. 14 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1 - LITERATURE CITED ......................................................................................................................... 17 Lake Superior Research Institute University of Wisconsin – Superior i Wisconsin State Herbarium (UW-Madison) CHAPTER 2: CHANGES IN THE FOREST OF THE BRULE RIVER WATERSHED (1968-2016) written by Paul Hlina, Reed Schwarting, Statistical Analysis by Nick Danz............................................................................................... 20 FOREST BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 20 RESEARCH METHODS ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Forest Compartments and Stands in the Brule River State Forest. ............................................................... 20 Geo-Referencing 1968-1969 Davidson Maps ................................................................................................ 20 Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) Forest Sampling Method .............................................................................. 21 Forest Importance Value Method .................................................................................................................. 21 Bray-Curtis Distance ........................................................................................................................................ 21 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Forest Composition in the Watershed ............................................................................................................ 21 Absolute Density and Absolute Dominance .................................................................................................... 22 Brule River Watershed Forest Tree Species .................................................................................................... 22 Bray- Curtis Dissimilarity Distance ................................................................................................................... 23 The Ten Forest
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