Rejuvenation ofBaoli Precincts WATER &HERITAGE CITY LEVEL PROJECTS WATER AND HERITAGE

INTRODUCTION (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organization)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973 to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any project of building operations or engineering operations or any development proposal which affects or is likely to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”. (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman

Sonali Bhagwati Member (Upto 5 October 2017) Samir Mathur Member DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the Sonali Rastogi Member following in making this report: Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Upto 10 August 2017) Manoj Kumar Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (From 11 August 2017) Organisations / Others Vinod Kumar Secretary Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Duac Staff Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Indu Rawat , Amit Mukherji, Uma Bhati, Manju Anjali, Siddharth Sagar, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Nihal Chand East Delhi Municipal Corporation South Delhi Municipal Corporation Senior Consultant New Delhi Municipal Council Nandita Parikh Geospatial Delhi Limited Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Consultants Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board Deeksha Lalwani, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited Nikhil Pandey(3D Visualiser) BSES Yamuna Power Limited RWA’s and Area Councillors Google Earth Preface

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)

*DISCLAIMER*

This report is for academic purposes only and has been prepared on the basis of information gathered from various sources, in cases without any independent verification. The report can be adopted and utilized by any Government Authority/ Local Body in the Country and is provided free of cost. The report is not meant to derive any kind of gain, monetary or otherwise. The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history, Though all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern report, the same should not be construed as a statement of law or used for any legal city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity purposes. Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC) accepts no responsibility in relation at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of the information contained understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various in the publication. Stakeholders are advised to verify/check any information with city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help the relevant Government Department(s) and/or other source(s), and to obtain any the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and appropriate advice before acting on the information provided in the report. environment and sensitively address future requirements. While adequate measures have been taken to acknowledge the source of the I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have information used in the report, the nature of the process and the diverse sources tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this from which information is collected makes it difficult for the Commission to ascertain opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and whether each piece of information/data impinges upon any third party intellectual other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this property rights. DUAC shall consequently not be responsible for any inadvertent and happen. / or bonafide omission of acknowledgement of source of information. I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these In no event will the DUAC be liable for any expense, loss or damage including, studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein. without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any expense, loss or damage whatsoever arising out of any person/ stakeholder using or implementing or January, 2018 Sd/- relying on any information in this report. Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman, DUAC W

6 INTRODUCTION 2.4 2.3 2.2 Source of water 1.3 14 1.2 3.14 3.13 Arab Loharehri 3.11 ki 3.10 Baoli, Lal Sarai Purana Dwarka Qila Baoli52 Qila Sector Baoli 46 Baoli 12 45 49 CITY LEVEL Project 3.8 3.7 Agrasen 3.6 Hazrat 3.5 Ki Baoli 3.4 Nizamuddin Tughlaqabad 3.3 Baoli at Firoz 3.2 Baoli 39 Fort Gandhak 3.1 Hindu Shah 33 Qutub 3 Baolis ki Anangtal Rao Kotla Sahib 29 Baoli Baoli 30 Baoli 22 ki 25 27 Baoli 23 2 1 Contents

The Existing Baolis ofDelhi:Mapping &Analysis 21 2.7 Threats to Baolis -Urban Pressure 2.6 Typology 2.5 Baolis -Space for social gathering 15 2.1 Introduction Historic Structures Holding Water: The Baolis 13 1.1 Water and itssignificance Introduction 10 10 3.12 Rajon kiBaoli, Mehrauli Archaeological Park 3.9 Baoli atWazirpur Monument Complex, Puram, Sector 5 K. R. 2.9 Existing Baolis ofDelhi-Timeline 2.8 Reasons for Degradation ofBaolis -Presesnt Scenario 18 Classification ofHistoric Structures associated with water 11 Aims &Objectives 10 Evolution Traditional Knowledge System: Construction ofStepwells 15 15 14 14 16 17 47 41 6 5.2 5.1 5 4

-Area Details 4.11 79 Design Proposal 72

Annexure 92 Conclusions 86 Strategy for Rejuvenation ofBaoli Precincts 59 4.1 Wazirpur Monument Complex, Puram, Sector 5-Timeline K. R. 4.6 Green/ Open Space Structure inthe Neighborhood 4.5 The Edges 4.4 The Surroundings 4.3 The Location 4.2 The Landuse 4.9 Existing Planting Survey 4.8 Site Levels 4.7 The Access 4.12 Storyboard/ Photo Panels 4.10 DesignStrategies Revival &Restoration Practices inOther Parts ofIndia General Guidelines for the Rejuvenation ofthe Baoli Precincts -Design Proposal -Planting -Design Proposal -Circulation 64 66 65 62 61 60 71 68 84 78 76 87 WATER AND HERITAGE 90

60 65

INTRODUCTION Summary

Delhi receives between 6,11,750 mm average rainfall but most of it goes down the drain. Rapid urbanisation, rampant concretisation of open areas and rising population have together prevented the rainwater from seeping to the ground. Extreme groundwater extraction has already depleted the water table across the city. The city has around 15 structurally surviving baolis/ stepwells. These little known, presently less popular architectural marvels have been used for centuries to store and draw underground water for daily needs. Presently these baolis are in a state of neglect. They have been used to dump waste, carry polluted water or have dried up. One of the key factors contributing to the present state of Baolis is the lack of knowledge about their presence, location, architectural relevance and use. With the swarming population to cater to, these baolis should be revived. Some of them would need cleaning up of waste, restoration or even the revival of its source by rain water harvesting or other measures.

WATER AND HERITAGE 9 10 INTRODUCTION Aim CITY LEVEL Project offunctionality no relevanceinterms In thepresentday scenario, theBaolisofDelhi have with reducedtobeingrelicsofthebygone era 1.2 Aims &Objectives etc., therewere many smallbaolisfrom the Tughlaq, LodiandMughaltimes. scaleconstruction. fromthebiggerbaolislikedue tolarge kibaoliorRajonbaoli,Agrasen Apart urbanization.only about10-15baolishave survived Many baoliswere lostorfilledincompletely at leastonebaoliineachofthemedievalsettlementDelhi, many boastmorethanone. Today say ofthe20thcentury, thattherewereHistorians over ahundredbaolisinDelhitowards thestart was thenusedthroughouttheyear by thepeopleinneighbourhood. seasonand therainy clansinwhichwaterwascollected mainly during commissioned by theruling equipped withstepsthatleaddown tothewatertable. Numeroustanks&Baolis/stepwells were The ancientstepwells of India, whichare, asthenameimplies, man-madewells orpondsthatare and aesthetically pleasingexamples. tanks, ofseveral led totheconstruction wells &stepwells. These areoneofthemostfascinating need totapgroundwater, waterandtomake itaccessible storerain to thehumanpopulationhas oneofourmostpreciousresources:the scienceofcollecting, water. andtransporting storing The barrels, pipesystemsand simplerain pressurized humanshave perfecting spentcountlesscenturies civilizations. Ithasallowed citiestogrowand aqueducts tounimaginable size. Fromreservoirs This abilitytomove for modern wateronamassscalehasbeenboth ablessing andacurse examples. tomove manlearnt waterintothecities. Gradually and FatehpurSikri palaces andshiftcapitalsduetothelackofwater: Tughlaqabad aregood harvesting, andchannellingwaterfor hissurvival. Kingshave storing known toleave behindtheir Water resource. hasbeenacrucial Ithasshapedcivilisations. manhasbeen Ever sincehistory 1.1 Water and itsSignificance Objectives water. theground •Reviving thesewatersystems soastorecharge •Rejuvenating thebaoliprecinctsandcreatingsafe spaces. urban pressure,andneglect. deterioration relevance ofthesebaolisinordertosave thesebaolisfrom •Creating public andarchitectural awareness aboutthehistoric withtheurbanfabric.integration Suggestive Guidelinesfor Rejuvenation ofBaoliprecinctsand precincts. the presentconditionofstructure, thewatersystemandits Document thefew existingbaolisofDelhiinordertoanalyse . 1.3 Classification ofHistoric Structures Associated with Water 14. Baoli kiSarai Arab 13. Baoli, Loharehri Sec12 Dwarka 12. Tughlaqabad Baolis Fort 11. QutabSahibkiBaoli, Mehrauli 10. Anangtal Baoli, Mehrauli 9. GandhakkiBaoli, Mehrauli 8. RajonkiBaoli, Mehrauli 7. Baoli RKPuram 6. FirozShahKotlaBaoli 5. Nizamuddin kiBaoli Hazrat 4. LalQilaBaoli 3. QilaBaoli Purana 2. KiBaoli,Agrasen Haileyroad 1. HinduRaoBaoli BAOLIS /STEP WELLS HOLDING WATER- HISTORIC STRUCTURES 2. HauzKhas Tank 1. Hauz-i-Shamsi LAKEPAVILIONS/ TANKS SafdarjungTomb2. 1.Humayun’s Tomb SYSTEMS GARDEN WATER HISTORIC INTERNAL 2. Satpulla 1. Barapulla WATERWAYS STRUCTURES & HISTORIC WATER AND HERITAGE

11 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 SECTION

2. Historic Structures Holding Water: The Baolis

• Introduction • Evolution • Source of water • Traditional knowledge System: Construction of Stepwells • Baolis- space for social gathering • Typology • Architecture of the Baolis • Baolis today • Causes of deterioration- Present Scenario • Restoration • Existing Baolis of Delhi- Timeline

12 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 13 14 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS of these wells are part of phreatic aquifers of various formations such asalluvial, formations ofvarious ofphreaticaquifers basaltic,of thesewells phyllite arepart etc of thesewells have waterinthem, inthosedays. highlighting theancientwisdomofcraftsmen Most oftheyear most period these ancientwells found dry tobeuniqueinthesensethateven during water sourcesviz. villageponds, streams, canalsandinsome casesnearby rivers. The locationof fromtheaquifer ornearbyThese stepwellsdependentontherecharge surface aregenerally 2.3 Source ofWater or otherwisedestroyed. unhygienic andwere breedinggroundsforconsequently diseaseandparasites barricaded, filledin, while Islamforbade depictionsofany creaturesatall. Raj, UndertheBritish stepwells were deemed packed sculpturesandfriezes withdeities,“true” carved humans, dome. Hinduartists andanimals withcorbeldomes, (orpostandlintel)construction trabeated Muslimsintroducedthearchand anddecoratively.the area)stepwells shiftedintheirdesignbothstructurally used Hindubuilders begantodominatein India (datesdiffer dependingon in covered arcades. OnceMuslimrulers theiranimalsandtake shelter couldpark andpilgrims crucial, routeswheretravellers remotetrade gardenswherethey’rein private known as “retreat wells”. Butstepwells along alsoproliferated areestimatedtohavegrandeur beenbuilt throughout India, incities, villages, andeventually also architecture, andart.Bythe19th-century, degreesof thousandstepwells several invarying theywere astoundinglyevolved complexfeats ofengineering, sothatby the11thcentury inconveniently ormoreunderground. ten-stories buried Over thecenturies, stepwell construction states where thewatertable could be bathing, inthearid andwashing, irrigation particularly for manymonsoon rains weeks. ayear-round Itwasessentialtoguarantee water-supply for drinking, for mostoftheyear followed climatezone bone-dry byof necessityinacapricious torrential appearedin India between the2ndand4thcenturies stepwells first A.D.Rudimentary born 2.2 Evolution: with acolonnadedveranda. seasons whenthewaterlevel receded. These baoliswere designedwithroomsonthehigherfloors &caravansinthedry toprovide ofwaterstorage, sheltertotravellers for thepurpose others the baolisby women whoprayedhere. andmadetheirofferings Somebaoliswere designedonly temples. People washedandbathedbefore prayers. Somehinduceremonieswereat performed &bathingpurposes. for drinking constructed closetomosquesand They were oftenconstructed to reachthegroundwater, andtomaintainmanagethewell. At places, Baoliswere separate stepwells ontheonehand, andtankswells ontheother, wastomake iteasierfor people in India, mainly tocopewithseasonalfluctuationsinwater availability. Abasicdifference between tanks thatwere developed the stepwell and irrigation areexamples ofthemany typesofstorage may beutilitarian, embellishments. but sometimesincludessignificantarchitectural of All forms duetoscarcityofwater. north-western India They aremostcommoninarid The construction steps. They may becovered significance. andprotectedareoftenofarchitectural Baolis orStepwells are wells or pondsinwhichthewatermay bereached by descendingasetof 2.1 Introduction CITY LEVEL Project complex and ornamented -eachhasauniquecharacter.complex and ornamented many entrances. asfour separate Butnotwo areidenticaland-whethersimpleutilitarian, or rectangular, circular, oreven L-shaped, canbebuilt frommasonry, orbrick, rubble andhave as basedontheirscale,Stepwells fallintocategories layout, materials, andshape: theycanbe 2.6 Typology: socialactivity.surely animportant provided inotherwiseregimentedlives, areprieve down inthevillagebaoliwas andgathering thatfetching waterwas (andisstill)assignedtowomen,Considering thestepwells would have 2.5 Baolis- Space for Social Gathering: veneer. the circumference ofthestepwell, buttresses were built onbothsidesofthestaircasesbehind increases. This isdonetillthewaterreached. To of theforces onthethreequarters counteract method ofconstruction, theveneer becomesthicker andthewell becomesnarrower asthedepth and whenthediggingisuptoadepthofman, thewoodenislowered platform again. Inthis from thebottom. wallhardens,diggingisdoneunderthewooden platform,While thebrick further non decaying Semalwood, islowered intothewell. walliserectedaroundthewell upwards A brick method. A well uptothedepthofaman’ sheightisdug. Then acircularwoodenmadeof platform intheinscriptions.ancient timesdescribed ofstepwells followsThe construction auniqueingenious inthe ofthedeadkingwasawidely prevalenttradition ofdiggingwells inmemory The practice intheerectionofthismonument. ofthestepwell employedThe builders theirmostskilledartisans are equally disorienting. Once inside, thetelescopingviews, towering pavilions, andthepowerful play oflightandshadow andtotaldislocation. bothasenseofuttersurprise these vertiginous, man-madechasmsgenerates wall,little presenceabove thesurfaceotherthanalow masonry asuddenencounterwithoneof than theexpected architecturewascreatedand,“up”, ofreverse sincemany stepwells asort have underground, isrefreshingly cool. wherethetemperature rather Bybuilding down intotheearth For thissamereason, fromthesurfacetolowest moststepwellsnarrow gradually tier pressure. as thewaterlevel rose, andproviding vitalshadewhilealsobuttressing wallsagainsttheintense In many wells covered “pavilions” punctuatedeachsuccessive level, accessedby ledges narrow continued for amillennium. ingenious systemfor waterpreservation cistern,into alarge thestepssometimestosurface. fillingtocapacityandsubmerging This the bottomstory. seasons, rainy Butduring functionkicked inandthetrenchtransformed aparallel seasons, step–whichcouldnumber overIn dry ahundred-hadtobenegotiatedreach every flowed throughanopeninginthe well cylinder. staircase andsideledgeswere embedded, allowed accesstotheever-fluctuating waterlevel which could behauled, but thecarefulplacementofanadjacent, stone-lined “trench” that, once along ofstepwells involvedConstruction notjustthesinkingofatypicaldeepcylinderfromwhichwater 2.4 Traditional Knowledge System: Construction ofStepwells WATER AND HERITAGE

15 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS 16 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS CITY LEVEL Project microclimate d. Weathering ofstoneduetothe underground stonestructures on theoriginal c. The siltingprocesswhichcausesprecipitations b. Collapse ofstructures well a. inthe The flooding and pilingupofdebris stepwell are: ofthis causesofdeterioration The primary Urban Pressure: 2.7 Threats to Baolis - stepwells. rolein many Hindu played animportant bathing,for ritual that andofferings prayers backdrop aspiritual These sculpturesformed dedicated. female deitiestowhomthestepwells were imagesofthemaleand replete withcarved temples,functioning asbona-fidesubterranean they were commissioned, withHindustructures Muchdependsonwhere, when, andby whom Entrances: BaoliatRedFort d. Stepwells with Two Stepped Straight the only baoliinDelhiwithacircularform. c. CircularStepwells: BaoliatFirozShahKotla is This isthe angles. atright turns and thesteppedcorridor b. L–shapedStepwells : IthasanLshapedplan more quickly. andhelpinreachingthelower levels corridor length ofthe whichreducethe stepwells have stairs lateral by asingleentrance.characterized These a singleentrance: This typologyofstepwells is a. and steppedcorridor Stepwells withstraight in Delhicanbebroadly classified as: Based onthe form,Architectural thestepwells Circular baoliatFirozShahKotlaFort Mehrauli Rectangular baoliwithsingleentrance, RajonkiBaoli, L-Shaped baoli, kisarai Arab IMAGE SOURCE:http://www.inditales.com attention. when waterispresent, it’s afloat withgarbageor grown generally over withplant-life fromlackof Depleted water-tables from unregulatedpumpinghave up, causedmany ofthewells todry and areas,storage minedfor theirstone, orjustlefttodecay. by theircommunities, became garbagedumpsandlatrines, as were repurposed whileothers for stepwells, aspects. ifnot thesocialandspiritual As obsolescencesetin, stepwells were ignored “Modern” substituteslike villagetaps, plumbing, andwatertanksalsoeliminatedthephysical need conditions. due tounsanitary andhadalotofthemcloseddown Stepwells arrived were quitecommoninIndiauntiltheBritish to ahostofreasons. mightmaterialize.few wheretourists Butfor most, theprevailingconditionissimply due deplorable stateofstepwells,As for thecurrent those ahand-fullareinrelatively decent condition, particularly 2.8 Reasons for the Degradation ofBaolis -Present Scenario: mentioned inblogs whichmightnotbeareliable sourceofinformation. findsvaguementiononGovernmentwebsites, andtourism This lostheritage theyareusually i. &theresourcesavailable: LackofInformation locals donotassociatewithit. NDMC limits, iseitherrestoredby theirstructure ASI orby INTACH andgetsfenced offandthe haskept theBaolisalive.of ownership Whereas inDelhi, lieunderMCDor thesestructures &Rajasthanareowned andmaintainedbyBaolis inthestatesofGujrat thecommunity. The sense h. Ownership: thewatertable. waterwhichusedtorecharge rain upofwells. This hasledtothedrying Rapid increaseinpavedhasreducedthesoft/greenareafor percolationof areasandconstruction g. &increaseinpaved Rapidconstruction areas: Increasing demandofwaterandlowering ofwaterlevels have madethewells defunct. f. Pressureonresources: thebaolis. deteriorated development hasfurther surrounding structures.even sharewallswiththese historic Neglect, Garbagedumpingandsewer flow fromthe Baoli havetowering over construction theedgesofbaoliwalls. Someofthenewconstructions Most ofthebaolislike theonenearNizamuddin kidargah, Gandhakkibaoli&HinduRaohospital algaeandbacteria). biologically harmful oflightupto50feet isaprerequisitetokeepinto thewatertank(penetration freefrom situations, ofsunlight In various thatitprevents thepenetration theencroachmentissopervasive e. Encroachment: WATER AND HERITAGE 17 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS 18 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS CITY LEVEL Project the years,whilesomewerediscovered,preservedandrestored. Delhi hadabout100ormoreBaolis,ofwhichonly15havesurvived.Manywerelostover 2.9 Existing Baolis ofDelhi-Timeline LOHARERHRI Ba oli B A OLI A T W AZIRPUR MONMENTCOMPLEX QUT AB SHIK ANNGT AL B A A OLI OLI KI B GANDHK B RAJON KI A A OLI OLI Hindu Ra HAZR A GRASEN KIBa B TUGHLA A OLIS o Ba PURAN QILABa T NIZAMUDDBa FIROZ SHAHKOTLA Ba LAL QILABa oli QAB ARB KISAIBa oli AD FORT oli oli oli oli oli restored. years, whilesomewere discovered, and preserved about 15have survived. Many were lostover the Delhi hadabout100ormoreBaolis, ofwhichonly •Wazirpur Monument Complex, Sec5 RKPuram •Tughlaqabad Baolis Fort 10th Centur 14th-15th Centur •Firoz ShahKotlaBaoli •Nizamuddin kiBaoli •Qutab SahibkiBaoli 16th Centur 12th Centur 13th Centur •Arab ki Sarai Baoli kiSarai •Arab •Gandhak-ki-Baoli •Hindu RaoBaoli •Anangtal Baoli •Loharheri Baoli •Loharheri •Rajon kiBaoli •Purana QilaBaoli •Purana •Agrasen kiBaoli •Agrasen •Lal QilaBaoli WATER AND HERITAGE y y y y y 19 HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS design Proposal SECTION 3 SECTION

3. The Existing Baolis of Delhi : Mapping & Analysis

• Anangtal Baoli, Mehrauli • Qutab Sahib ki Baoli, Mehrauli • Gandhak ki Baoli, Mehrauli • Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli • Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis • Hindu Rao Baoli • Hazrat Nizamuddin ki Baoli • Agrasen Ki Baoli, Hailey Road • Baoli at Wazirpur Monument Complex, R. K. Puram Sector V • Purana Qila Baoli • Lal Qila Baoli • Rajon ki Baoli, Mehrauli • Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka Sec 12 • Arab ki Sarai Baoli

20 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 21 22 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project 3.1 Anangtal Baoli Archaeological Park. oftheMehrauli and liesbeyond thepurview plans forseveral renovation andpreservation, about thebaolithathasescaped thenoticeof behest oftheking. This is all thatisknown event for alms-givingnexttothebaoli, atthe •Apparently, thequeenswould holdanannual impoverishment. and family ofmeagremeansdiedthirst whose at thebehestofhisfavourite courtesan baolis, bigandsmall, allover hiskingdom, ofmany such commissioned theconstruction Chauhan. Legend hasitthattheking Prithviraj Second, oftheillustrious thegreat-grandfather AD, underthereignof Anangpal Tomar the inthe10thcentury •It wasconstructed Anang Pal oftheHouse Tomar. Anang Tal literally provided by meansreservoir wasalsoknown as Yoginipura.in Mehrauli which sources, located according toafew historical •Anangtal istheoldestBaoliinDelhi, and 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Behind JogMaya temple, Mehrauli 1. LOCATION: ANANGTAL YOGMAYA TEMPLE BAOLI IMAGE brochuresby intach SOURCE:Delhi heritage MINAR QUTAB 3.2 Qutub Sahib Baoli Ki walks. heritage during historians, enthusiasts andheritage tourists andcan befrequentedby trail Heritage withthe •The Baolicouldbeintegrated campus andapproachroads. of thebaolishouldbeinstalledatplacesin •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocation installed outsidethestructure. relevanceofthebaolishouldbe historical •Signage indicatingthename, statusand ofaquifer •Recharge ofthestructure •Restoration has tobelocatedandexcavated out. ofBaoli.traces Through 3dscans, thestructure andathickjungle. ofearth layers There areno under thebaoligotburied •Over theyears 5. RECOMMENDATIONS: tomb andnearGandhak Ki Baoli. Stand, itis1and1/5kmfrom Adam khan’s Bus nearMainMehrauli Baoli isinMehrauli Adham Khan. The approachtotheQutubKi villageandabout400mfromthe the Mehrauli in KakikiDargah the Qutubudin Bakhtiyari The Baoliislocatedwithinthecomplexof 1. LOCATION: andthelocals of any suchstructure •There arenosignageindicatingtheexistence the baoli. •There isanabsenceofany accessroutesto andunpublished reports. •The baolifindsavaguementionontravel sites cropped over it. ofsoilanddensevegetationthe layers has under thebaolihasgotburied •Over theyears 4. PRESENTSITUATION: The BaoliisaccessedthroughthegarbageheapsbehindJogmaya temple. 3. ACCESS: unaware. are IMAGE SOURCE: brochuresby intach Delhiheritage IMAGE SOURCE: BehtarDilli Blog- WordPress.com WATER AND HERITAGE 23 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 24 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project •The baoli walls are adorned witharches,•The baoliwalls areadorned itshould beilluminated. walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage and canbefrequentedby historians, trail with theHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated Mehrauli andapproachroads. Archeological Park •Signage indicatingthepresence andlocationofthebaolishouldbeinstalled atplacesnearthe the structure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalled outside status andhistorical disuse ofthestructure. ofthebaoliwithinneighborhood. a senseofimportance generate This would prevent the •Public awareness: walksanddocumentationswould Creating awareness also throughHeritage dumping shouldbeallowed. Sewerintothebaoli. fromtheadjacent buildings should notdrain accumulated•The baolishouldbecleanedfromthegarbageand thesewerage andnofurther public general theentry, whichrestricts •The baoliliesjustbehindthedargah itshouldbemadeaccessible tothe encroachment shouldberemoved sothatitdoesnotdamagethewallsfurther. encroachment fromtheadjoininghouseswhichshareacommonwallwithbaoli. The •Removal ofencroachments: There isanimmensepressureontheBaoliwallsdueto ofthestructure:•Restoration ofthebaoliisinastatedistress The structure ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. ofthedargah,visitors but stillusedasadumpbin. thebaoli,Currently iscovered onallsidesandishardly visible. toassacredbyThough referred the 5. PRESENTSITUATION: useofthe Baoli with theadjacent dargah. Qutub KiBaoliwillalsoentailtothecontinued original for futuregeneration. of thatitispreserved De-silting andrestoration with thehistoric Baoli so significanceassociated aswell thevarious glory thearchitectural The aimofprojectistoconserve 4. REVIVAL OFQUTUBSAHIBKIBAOLI graves locatedonthislevel fromwherethestepsleadtolower level toaccesstheBaoli. leadingtoanopenterrace. The BaoliisaccessedthroughthewuzuareaofDargah There are 3. ACCESS: stoneswithlimemortar. depth ofabout23m. ofthequartzite Itisconstructed imposinggates.house tanksandseveral anapproximateThe Baolicovers areaof377sqmanda assembly house, robechamber, mosque, drum like the hasmany otherstructures The dargah Ajmer. (http://delhi.gov.in) successor ofKhwajaMu’inu’d DinChishtiof centuries, ashewasthediscipleandspiritual high esteemandhasbeenhighly regardedfor Kaki. &isnamedafterQutbSahibwhohadheld A.D.12th century for the Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar by Iltutmishin •The Baoliwasconstructed 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: IMAGE SOURCE: BehtarDilliBlog- WordPress.com (SOURCE:WWW.INDIA.GOV.IN) •The baoliis fenced andlocked off. It islocatedattheedgeof the Archeological park •The stepwell archeologicaltrail. canbeaccessedby walkingthroughtheMehrauli 3. ACCESS: pillaredpassages. eachfloor thereareornate and 12metres(39 ft)wide. On leading tothewatersurfaceatlowest level. The stairway hereisabout40metres(130 ft)long ateachstage,•It hasasimpleplanwithfive stagesor floors intaper down fashion, withsteps 3.3 Gandhak Baoli: Mehrauli Ki Archeological Park ofsulphurfumes, andthewaterissaidtohave quality. curative stepwell hassulphurcontentandhencesmells •As thenameGandhakimplies, thewaterin known asGandhakKiBaoli. ofthestepwell,construction whichcametobe able tohave regularbaths. This ledtothe andthesaintwasnot from acutewatershortage areasufferedIltutmish found thattheMehurali Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki Sufisaint Hazarat avisitto (1296 –1316)andlegendhasitduring reign ofSultanSamshuddinIltutmish the during •Gandhak KiBaoliwasconstructed of GandhakKiBaoli. Ronald Vivian (RV) theorigins Smithdescribes In thebook The Delhi That No-oneKnow, 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Park Archeological Mehrauli LOCATION: KI BAOLI QUTAB SAHIB ANANGTAL BAOLI GANDHAK KIBAOLI RAJON KIBAOLI WATER AND HERITAGE 25 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 26 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project Defined access to the structure willinvite morevisitors. Defined accesstothestructure from therearsideof Mehrauli throughadirty,Archeological Park garbagedumpedtrail. •Improving accesstothebaoli: congestedroadleadsto thebaoli.A narrow Itcanalsobeaccessed dumpingshouldbeallowed accumulatedand thesewerage andnofurther 4. •The baolishouldbecleanedfromthegarbage edges. cycle repairshopsetc. arecroppingup onthe upto thewallsofbaoli.up right Tea stalls, coming withconstruction a tighturbanfabric •Removal ofencroachments: The baoli sitsin precincts. body would activatethebaoliandits ofaquifer: Revivalofthewater •Recharge 7. RECOMMENDATIONS: shanties engulfed by thickly populatedresidencesand iron railings, theentireareaaroundhasbeen hasbeenwedged inby high while itsperiphery expanding congestedneighbourhoodand by anever the urbanizationpressureexerted •The baolihasnotremaineduntouchedby stones slippery. •The waterisalsofilthy &themossmakes the making it. liesinthetopmostsectionofsteps,•Debris monsoons. •It collectswaterinthelower the levels during &public awareness.need for conservation •The monument liesinadilapidatedstate, in 6. PRESENTSITUATION: water inthewell toadepth of40feet (12 m).. ofthe in 2004–05hasresultedrecuperation outby carried •The desiltingoperations ASI and recently ASI imitatedactiontododesilting. thestepwell•Over gotsiltedup thecenturies 5. RESTORATION: ofIndia(ASI) Survey protected monument by the Archaeological STATUS: The Rainfed Baoliisusedby thelocals Baoli during leanperiod Baoli during https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baolis_of_Mehrauli IMAGE SOURCE: IMAGE SOURCE:Pixelated Memories IMAGE brochuresby INTACH SOURCE:Delhiheritage The circular structure with rooms has often been referred toasasummerretreatfor withroomshasoftenbeenreferred thenobility.The circularstructure pulley systemwithpipes and channelsarethere. into thewell. This does nothave steps leadingalltheway tothewaterlevel, instead a complex sidethroughwhichthewaterruns canal built onitseastern underground andalarge apartments ofsubterranean intheform gardenconstructed ofalarge the Ashokan Pillarandintheheart water ofthiswell. sideof western baseliestowards thenorth The circular baoli withatriangular as a summerretreat for theRoyalties wheretheyspenttimecoolingoffandbathinginthe by Firoz Shah fortress Tughlaq. This Baoliserved ofthe Firoz ShahKotlabaoliwasbuilt asapart 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Firoz ShahKotlaFort 1. LOCATION: 3.4 Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli approachroads. places intheMehrauli and Archeological Park location ofthebaolishouldbeinstalledat •Signage indicatingthepresenceand installed outsidethestructure. relevanceofthebaolishouldbe historical •Signage indicatingthename, statusand the disuseofstructure. within theneighborhood. This would prevent ofthebaoli asenseofimportance generate walksanddocumentationswould also Heritage • and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage andcanbefrequentedby historians, trail withtheHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated Public awareness: Creatingawareness through IMAGE SOURCE:http://yamunariverproject.org WATER AND HERITAGE

27 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 28 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project during heritage walks. heritage during historians, enthusiasts andheritage tourists andcan befrequentedby trail Heritage withthe manned andcouldbeintegrated opened upfor public accesswhilebeing •Being theonly circularBaoli, itcouldbe should beilluminated witharches,•The baolihasasuperstructure it installed outsidethestructure. relevanceofthebaolishouldbe historical •Signage indicatingthename, statusand would activatethebaoli anditsprecincts. ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbody •Recharge 5. RECOMMENDATIONS: protected baolis, thistooisfenced offandremainsinaccessible tothepublic. The baolicanbeaccessedthroughthelawns ofFirozShahKotlafort.. Like alltheother ASI 4. ACCESS: It isunder ASI protection. 3. STATUS https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit IMAGES SOURCE: visible inthis case. hovering over italongwithitsboundlessdepth. theBaoliisnot clearly The four stonewalls forming ones whoseendpointis not visible duetothewild growth andvegetation found onallfour sides, the top, only asablotch placed inbetween thethick foliage. Baoli is oneofthedeepest The dried was built insuchamanner, adjoining tothequeenschangingroomsthatitcanstillbespottedfrom ruin, condition. whichisnotaccessible anymoreThis Baoliisadeepdry duetoitsdeteriorating It have yieldedred sandstoneslabswith inscriptions. Arabic Closer totheouterwallisabaolithathasbeenexcavated andrestoredby ASI. to Itisreported 3. STATUS by denseforest issurrounded onbothsidesofit. the Baolisandfort •The existingtwo baolisaresituatedoneithersideofthefort. toreach There isnospecifictrail prohibitedfor villagesbut thelocals. itisstrictly background oftherural Malik, tilldateinthefort. only 2survive The remainingbaolishave died; stilllieinthe someruins ontheorderofGhazi inthe14thcentury •Out ofthe13Baoliswhichwere constructed cityofDelhi. historic commercial area.Ghiyas-ud-din wasthefounder ofthe Tughlaq Dynastywhoestablished thefifth ofDelhi.portion Stretchingacross6.5kms, itlendsitsnametothe Tughlaqabad residential- built by Ghiyas-ud-din •A fort Tughlaq, in1321 leftonahillockinthesouthern AD hasitsruins 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Tughlaqabad Fort 1. LOCATION: 3.5 Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis TEXT SOURCE: http://www.sodelhi.com WATER AND HERITAGE 29 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 30 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project 3.6 Baoli atHindu Rao posted here permanently. toHinduRaoHospital)orderedaguard tobe Lines (immediately entrance adjacenttowestern Radiology andImagingDepartment , HinduRaoHospital, HinduRaoMarg, offRajpurMarg, Civil 1. LOCATION: •Visitor centreandwithprovisions andsafety for information tobeprovided intheprecints •The precintstobeclearedofvegetative overgrowth. tothevisitors. Signage andseatingstoensureasafe experience toberevived with ofthefort connectingthebaoliswithotherstructures •Missing trails ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. restored soastoallow accesstothebaolis. ofthestructure:•Restoration The Baoliliesinanisolatedareaandisruins. tobe The structure 4. RECOMMENDATIONS: TEXT SOURCE: http://www.sodelhi.com Kumar -Photosby Panoramio Surendra http://www.sodelhi.com/forts-monuments/tughlaqabad-fort-baolis-tughlaqabad-new-delhi IMAGES SOURCE: The blue-board declaring itsstatusismissing. The blue-board declaring by theIndianNational Trust (INTACH). Heritage andCultural for Art Being listedby ASI, as italsograded Archaeological Value A in “Delhi The BuiltHeritage: A Listing’’ 3. STATUS: ordered aguardtobepostedherepermanently. mightpoisonthewater, army that theIndiansepoys intheBritish officerMajorKerrines British therevolt of1857. during andsoldiers officers It wastheonly sourceofwaterfor theBritish Afraid Tughlaq-era baoli, wasbuilt by FerozShah Tughlaq in1354. 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: of the “baoli. of •A fence wall hasbeenbuilt ontopofthehistoric inaccessible. •The Baolihasbeenfenced andlocked makingit 4. ACCESS: IMAGING DEPT. RADIOLOGY & HOSPITAL. HINDU RAO BAOLI

Hindu Rao Marg BAOLI WATER AND HERITAGE 31 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 32 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS the structure. • The Baolishouldberenderedfreeofallthevegetative overgrowth sothatitdoes notdamage ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaoliand itsprecincts. steps andedges, itbecomesinaccessible. ofthestructure:•Restoration ofthebaoliisinastatedistress;The structure withthebroken 7. RECOMMENDATIONS: decaying thebaoli Accumulated stagnantwater&thevegetative outgrowth isfurther CITY LEVEL Project the pipaltreegrowing in themiddle. jungle, itsfeatures arelostinthegreenleaves of • Almost completely covered underamini- for whichitwasbuilt isnotknown.purpose ventilation shaftsanddoorways, but the wallofthebaolihaving from thenorth •A 200-metretunnelwasdiscovered leading 6. PRESENTCONDITION: the othersides Hindu RaoHospitalontwo sides&roadson Flanked by theRadiology&ImagingDept. of 5. SURROUNDING/ EDGES: The structure is deteriorating &isinastateofneglect. isdeteriorating The structure striking architecturalfeatures over theyears,thoughstructurestillhas Portions ofthefacadehavealsocollapsed jahan-Numa palaceofFirozShah. intended for supplying watertotheKushk-i-Shikaror andremainsofdrains, etc.,The waterreservoirs were 3.7 Hazrat Nizamuddin Baoli The baoliissituatedinNizamuddin Nizamuddin west dargah attachedtotheHazrat 1. LOCATION: absorbed in the construction of Hazrat Nizamuddin’s ofHazrat baoli.absorbed intheconstruction to beknown as Tughlaqabad afterhisdynasty’s nomenclature, andmasonswere already labourers thatwas onhismassive•At thetimewhenGhiyas-ud-din fortress-citadel hadcommissioned work •It isover 160feet deep, built in1321-22. 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage andcanbefrequentedby historians, trail withtheHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated night. witharches, the •The baolihasasuperstructure itshouldbeilluminatedsothatisvisible during •Removal ofencroachments. campus andapproachroads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationofbaolishouldbeinstalledatplacesin the structure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalledoutside statusandhistorical dumping shouldbeallowed. accumulated•The baolishouldbecleanedfromthegarbageandsewerage andnofurther frominsidethebaolishouldbererouted. pipesrunning •All theServices • Sewer intothebaoli. fromtheadjacent buildings should notdrain

LALA LAJPAT RAI ROAD .

LODI ROAD

. BAOLI HAZRAT NIZAMUDDINKI WATER AND HERITAGE . 33 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 34 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project day toprevent overcrowding thebaoli. the which islocked fromtimetoduring hasagate The sidewhichhasthestairs leading tothewater. by wallsandonesidehasaflight ofstairs Three sidesofthebaoliaresurrounded ACCESS:4 The baoliisan ASI protectedmonument.. 3. STATUS: water.with ordinary lamps withit–miraculously, thelampslitup tolighttheir water andaskinghisworkers overcame thisobstacleby blessing thebaoli’s for lightingthelamps–SheikhNizamuddin Enraged, Ghiyas-ud-din bannedthesaleofoil thenight.the day andonthebaoliduring during onthefortress began working for thesaint,adoration thedevout workers till itwascompleted. Outof respect& andnottake any otherprojects his fortress of only ontheconstruction work henceforth would •The sultandecreedthatallworkers NIZAMUDDIN KI Illustrated LondonNews Illustrated Image Source: Nizamuddin Baoliin1858from -Hazrat Pixelated Memories Old Images&sketches oftheBaoli HAZRAT BAOLI

PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY. TECHNOLOGY &EXHAUSTIVE GROUND statewithLASERSCAN to itsoriginal (AKTC) restoredmuch ofthebaoli Recently, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture 6. RESTORATION: baoli have beenseendivingandbathingintothe the day, childrenfromtheneighbourhoodareas •Though thebaoliremainslocked mosttimeof the baoli. n hashealingpower thepollutedwaterof drink believe thatthewaterispure pilgrims •Several polluting itswater. intothebaoli and thewuzuwaterdrains houses •Sewage waterfromthesurrounding in thearea. occupied duetotheincreasingurbanpressure are lostsincetheyhave beenmodified and aroundthebaoli structures historic •Several edges. uptothe buildings aroundencroachingright •The Baolisitsinatighturbansettlementwith 5. THREATS: Image Source: Pixelated Memories Old Images&sketches oftheBaoli . the pilgrimsare allowed accessinside The Baolistays locked mostofthetime. The locals& WATER AND HERITAGE 35 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 36 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project the arcade. the requiredspacetoreconstruct Nizamuddin kindly agreedtopushbackhisresidentialbuilding standingatoptheBaoliby 3feet – • PirKhwaja Ahmed NizamiSyed Bukhari, SajjadahnashinandMuttawalli, Hazrat Dargah outtorestorethearcadeseeninarchivalimages. arebeingcarried structure ofGogabai works addition toplannedconservation Tomb, ChinikaBurj, toaresidential alterations isnow focussedfacadewherein onthewestern effort asking for almsandfood).Conservation whosit/lieagainstthewallsorroamaround withbeggars (thoughtheyarestillbrimming structures degreeofrespecttotheonce-dilapidated plaster andmarble that add lusterandacertain •Passageways arenolongerunkempt, connectingthebaolitoDargah but facedwithwhite had collapsedorcaved inhave beenfilled; ofthewalls from multiple directions tospotany voids behindthewall);Thegapswhere portions wasX-rayed stone(each fragment •The rectangulartankislinedwithgreyDelhiquartzite fountain hasalsobeendiscovered.•The underground tomb withthebaoliandwasusedexclusively by thesaintandhiscloseassociates. passagehasalsobeendiscovered•A forgotten Nizamuddin’s –itsupposedly connectsHazrat andthebaoli ofthepassageways connectingtheDargah •Clearing ofthearchedwindows andadditionofjaalis(stonelatticescreens)onthewindows,•Restoration •Relaying leakingsewage lines, rebuilding thecollapsedportions, water quality, •Emptying thetankofitswaterinordertopumpoutsewage& The processinvolved – process Documentation oftheBaoliduring therestoration www.nizamuddinrenewal.org/ Source: Nizamuddin UrbanRenewalInitiative xic sludgetoimprove the Conservation ofGogabai’s Conservation Tomb oftheChinikaBurj oftheBaoliarcadeandconservation Reconstruction character. withafacadethatdoesnotdisfigurethehistoric Rebuilding ofthestructure Next Steps were restingonthisstructure. structures required tobecompletely dismantled. This wasrequiredtobedonecarefullyabutting asseveral In ordertoachieve theobjectives ofseekingthreefeet depthontheBaoli side, thestructure Authority, ofIndia andtheSouthDelhiMunicipalCorporation. Archaeological Survey Approvals for themajorrenovations were soughtandreceived fromtheNationalMonument Action Taken ofDelhi)andisevenprovided paying for by theirupkeep theMunicipalCorporation The housingsites(being relocationcostsforfamilies toalternate shiftingseveral AKTC hasborn Various imagesoftheBaoli The well oftheBaoliduringcleaningup WATER AND HERITAGE 37 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 38 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project should beilluminated with arches,•The baoliwallsareadorned it roads. of thebaolishouldbeinstalled ontheapproach •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocation installed outsidethestructure. relevance ofthebaolishouldbe historical •Signage indicatingthename, status and the disuseofstructure. within theneighbourhood. This would prevent ofthebaoli a senseofimportance generate walksanddocumentationswould also Heritage •Public awareness: Creatingawareness through baoli. intothe adjacent buildings shouldnotdrain dumping shouldbeallowed. Sewer fromthe accumulatedand thesewerage andnofurther •The baolishouldbecleanedfromthegarbage lanes leadtothewaterbody. congestedandnarrow since theareaisvery Access routetothebaolishouldbedefined public andnotonlygeneral thepilgrims. •The baolishouldbeeasily accessible tothe the baolianditsprecincts. the waterbodyonregularbasiswould activate ofaquifer: Revivalandcleaningof •Recharge 8. RECOMMENDATIONS: rises. as thetemperature reducethewaterlevel whilethesummers stairs water inthebaolitohidemostoritsentire season, therainy • During thereisenough balconies arebeingadded. isalsotakingplaceas •Some newconstruction them offandmake roomsoutoftombs. arches have toclose beenfilledinwithbricks hasalsobeenlost, work •The ornamentation andrubble.walls exposingthebricks •The plasterhasmostly disappearedfromthe upon andbadly needattention. have beenseverely encroached portion terrace •The tombsandtherestofremaining 7. PRESENTSITUATION: removal ofencroachments isstillinprocess of distress though revival oftheoldstructures and The structures surrounding thebaoliare inastate surroundings drainingintothebaoli Water from WUZU andsewer waterfrom the 3.8 Agrasen Baoli Ki arched niches at the first andsecondlevels.arched niches atthefirst of thick wallsonboththesides withtwo series down tothewell. The steps areflanked by levels withaflight of108steep stepsleading masonry.’ The monument isdividedintofour uneven stoneunits, usually called ‘rubble by puttingtogether It hasbeenconstructed atgroundlevel.13.71 meters (ASI), KiBaolimeasures58.52 metresx Agrasen According to ofIndia Archaeological Survey 4. ARCHITECTURE: It isunder ASI protection. 3. STATUS New Delhi. the capitalofIndiashiftedfromCalcuttato theurbanexpansionafter1911,during when KiBaoli.Agrasen Itseemstohave disappeared another of ‘boli totheimmediatenorth-west name as ‘Oojer Sain’s Bowlee.’ The mapshows officials,British recordsthenow-famous baoli’s Archives ofIndia inNewDelhi, madeby An oldmapdated1868atthe National king Anangpal III(ruled AD 1151-80). thereignof resided inDelhiduring Tomar by an poet Agarawal who Vibudh Shridhar work Sanskrit “Pasanahacariu”,century penned doesfindmentioninthe12th- The structure Agrasen. toMaharaja itsorigin community whichtraces by the BC andrebuilt in14th-century Agrawal to have the10th century beenbuilt during Raja oftheMahabharata,Agrasen isbelieved Agrasen. The kiBaoli,Agrasen namedafter ki Baoli, thoughsomecreditakingcalled whobuilt thisstep-well,It isnotcertain Agrasen 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: lane offHaileyroad. BaoliislocatedonHailey The 14thCentury 1. LOCATION: Various imagesoftheBaoli WATER AND HERITAGE 39 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 40 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project enthusiasts and heritage and canbefrequentedby historians, trail with theHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated night. witharches, the •The baolihasasuperstructure itshouldbeilluminatedsothat itisvisible during in thecampusandapproach roads. the structure. Signageindicatingthepresenceandlocationof baoli shouldbeinstalledatplaces •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalled outside status andhistorical ofaquifer: Revival ofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. 7. RECOMMENDATIONS: show vastexpanseofopenlandaroundthebaoli. ofConnaughtPlace. Photosfromthe1920s residential societiesandbungalows ontheperiphery Even thoughitcanbereachedeasily, KiBaoliremainshidden amongthetallbuildings,Agrasen 6. SURROUNDINGS/ EDGES isfenced andgated,The structure guardsandisfrequently itsmannedbyvisited. security The Baolicanbeaccessedfromtheby lanesofHaileyroad. 5. ACCESS up) which isappliedwet andhardensintoadensesolidwhenitdrys with enclosure) aredecorated ‘stucco medallions’ (themedallionismadeofstucco, amaterial (a chaitya isaBuddhistshrine). The spandrels(thespacebetween thearchandrectangular design ofthemosque. The columns, ‘quite unusually’, withBuddhist-chaitya motifs arecarved theroof, madeofredsandstone, The four pillars whichsupport standoutagainstthegeneral mosque aswe seeittoday. photos andrecordshave always shown the of theroofhadfallenoffalongtimeback. Old the flight ofstairs, isasmallmosque. Aportion of On thewest corner KiBaoli,Agrasen above the baolifrombottomtotoplevel. past, asthewaterroseinwell, itwould fill connected tothebaolithroughashaft. Inthe is covered atthetopandis by irongrills indiameter. 7.8meters well measuring It endofthebaoliisacircular At thenorthern are now locked andinaccessible. are passagesandroomsinsidethebaoli, which place andproviding relieffromtheheat. There can easily asameeting fittwo people, serving design. However, thelower nicheisdeepand of seems tobetheremorefor thepurpose — thetoplevel isashallow ‘false niche’ which ofnichesaredividedintotwo levelsEach series Various imagesoftheBaoli . Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Map Showing theMonument ComplexatRKPuram, Sector5anditssurroundings R.K. Sector–5, Puram Delhi Wazirpur Monument Complex, 1. LOCATION: Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Map Showing LocationoftheMonument ComplexatRKPuram, Sector5anditsapproach roads 3.9 Baoli atWazirpur Monument Puram, Complex, Sector 5 R.K. RK PURAMSEC. 5 GURUDWARA. PRIMARY

SCHOOL PALAM MARG PALAM

KAMA KOTI MARG TEMPLE COMPLEX MONUMENT

VIVEKANAND MARG TAMIL SANGAM MARG SANGAM TAMIL

VIVEKANAND MARG WATER AND HERITAGE 41 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 42 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS Images ofthesiteexplaining the componentsofmonument complex Image Source: http://pixels-memories.blogspot.in/2014/07/wazirpur-monument-complex-rk-puram.html CITY LEVEL Project Images ofthesiteexplainingcomponentsmonument complex Listed by ASI Listed 4. STATUS: platform. occupants isunknown, onewallmosque(“qiblas”), astepwell (“baoli”), awell andtwo grave medieval monuments spreadout, consistsofaclusterfive tombstheidentityofwhose tillwhichthe Nestled inanextremely smallgreenspacethatbarely definestheboundaries 3. MONUMENTCOMPLEX: The Monument complex, (AD1451-1526)rubble-builtstructures acongregationofLodhi-era 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: PLATFORM GRAVE BAOLI QIBLA TOMB TOMB TOMB TOMB BAOLI TOMB Various imagesofthe monument complex Images ofthesiteexplainingcomponentsmonument complex source: http://www.sodelhi.com/forts-monuments/rk-puram-sector-5-baoli-and-wall-mosque-new-delhi graves andasusual, onanelevatedplatform we are not surewholiesbeneath wallhave ofthemosqueaswell asthesouthern collapsed.corners There arealsoacoupleof decayed now. The wallisflanked by smallbastionsandsidewallsalthoughtheminaretson four The wallshave althoughmuch withcalligraphy ofithas signsofcolourfuldesignandadorned one. being thelargest facing whichthedevoteesandithasfive usedtooffer prayers “mihrabs” onit, one thecentral one sidethereisawalllookingtowards thewest. wallisbasicallyThe western thewallmosque justnearthebaoli.The smallermosqueislocatedonahighplatform There isacenotaphandon 5. THE MONUMENTCOMPLEX: Various imagesoftheQibla-wallmosque HISTORIC WALL GURUDWARA TOMB WATER AND HERITAGE . 43 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 44 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project •Photo walks and public awareness programs can be carried out to bring in people out to bring •Photo walks andpublic canbecarried awareness programs walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage and canbefrequentedby historians, trail with theHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated by complexinthevicinity. areawarecould beilluminatedsothat peopledriving ofthehistoric thesector. roadssurrounding •The tombsinthecomplexarevisible fromtheperipheral These campus andapproachroads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationof baolishouldbeinstalledatplacesinthe the complexlike the Tombs, Qibla andwell shouldbeinstalledoutsidethestructure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaoliandothercomponents of status andhistorical circulationwithinthecomplex. •Strengthening thepedestrian circulation. with pedestrian greenintheforeground andlinkingthe greens withthecentral •The complextobeintegrated wallandaccessgatesfacingtheroad. boundary •The monument complextobemadeaccessible physically andvisually withatransparent around thebaoli. •Removal ofencroachments: Removing thesquattersettlement, jhuggiandotherencroachments ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS: •Stone-built water channels emerge from the baoli and end mid-stride inthemiddleoflawn. fromthebaoliandendmid-stride •Stone-built waterchannelsemerge water. debris, aswell andconstruction asrubble but incidentally thereisnotadropof and wrappers •A staircaseleadsdown tothetanklevel whichisfilledupwithgarbage, plasticbottles, polythene fromtheground. whereitemerges oneachofthetwo corners possesses adomedturret • The shallow baoli, thesimplestandsmallestseeninDelhi, and uncomplicatedstructure isafairly Steps leadingtotheBaoli Water channelemergingfrom theBaoli . and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. heritage enthusiasts during and heritage and canbefrequentedby historians, trail with theHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated area. width ofperipheral The Baolitobeenclosed includingacertain reasons,Though itisbeingdonefor security visualaccessibility. itlimitsthevisualplaneandrestricts •The Baoliistightly fenced off, wallsofthestructure. uptotheparapet withfencing installedright ofaquifer: Revival ofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS: 3.10 Purana Qila Baoli sizes theroof. form The stoneisusedonly recedingarchesofvarious ofgradually series by recessedniches onsidewalls.is marked A Built insandstone, thepositionofeachlanding minimize itsevaporation. was built tokeep thewatercovered andto for accesstothegroundwater. The structure going down toadepthof22meters, gave way of steep89steps, by 8landingsand separated on thelowest contouredlevel. flightA narrow had tobedugdeeper. isdesigned The structure stoodonanelevation,Since thefort thewell been theonly source. ofwater.was animportant source Itcould have Ascending down to22metresthisstepwell 4. ARCHITECTURE It isunder ASI protection. 3. STATUS tower calledSherMandal Mosque andthedouble-storeyed octagonal placed between thesingle-domed Qila-i-Kuhna leads directly totheBaoli. Thestep-well iswell facing thewest, gate, whichisthemainentry gateways andtheBadaDarwaza (BigGate) site ofIndraprastha. hasthreearched The fort Afghan kingSherShahSuri, wasperhapsthe Pandavas, ago, 5000years rebuilt by the believed tobethecapitalof The fort 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Qila. Purana 1. LOCATION: mind thesafety ofpeopleaswell asthestructure inthebaoli. asacladdingmaterial Itis fenced fromallsidesand iskept locked 24x7, keeping in Purana QilaBaoli Various imagesofthefenced &inaccessible WATER AND HERITAGE 45 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 46 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project toaccess. other makingiteasierandcomfortable bounded by therectangularledges. ofthebaoliare slightly elongated ascomparedto The stairs fromtwo sidesat90degreecappingthecircularwaterpit withstairs It hasadistinctstructure 4. ARCHITECTURE Image source: :DelhiHeritage Walks withSohailHashmi- WordPress.com Images ofLalQilaBaoli heroes oftheINAandfreedomstruggle. spot, honouring the intoatourist-cum-cultural notedthatitwould beconverted of Indiareport ASI dismantledthetoiletsandotheradditionsbuilt withinthebaoliby theBritish. A 2002 Times ofIndia(ASI)tookitfromtheCRPFin2002andrestoredit. Archaeological Survey 3. STATUS and weeds andputtouse asadumpyard. under thecontrolofIndian andthentheCRPF.Army Itwasallowed tobereclaimedby vegetation oftheir trial. thecourse herein1945-46during incarcerated left,After theBritish thebaolicame Sehgal, ShahNawaz Khan&G.S. Dhillon–theheroesofIndianNational (INA)wereArmy intojailrooms. thechambers Officers converted whentheyoccupiedthefort The British P.K. ofRedFort. ofconstruction there aremany chances ofitsexistenceprior city,ruins ofearlier suit hisfinetastes.was built onthe ItisanacceptedfactthatRedFort hence, by Shahjahan. itselfasagarrison Shahjahanextensively renovatedwith theRedFort thebaolito andwasintegrated thatpre-datestheRedFort also beenusedby theinhabitants ofSalimgarhFort It isbelived thatthebaoli datesbackto Tughlaq-era. concedethatitmight have Somehistorians 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: ComplexinShahjahanabad. Inside theRedFort 1. LOCATION: 3.11 Lal Qila Baoli Images ofLalQilaBaoli Image source: :DelhiHeritage Walks withSohailHashmi - WordPress.com 3.12 Rajon Ki Baoli, Mehrauli3.12 Rajon Ki Archeological Park Map Showing LocationoftheBaolisinMehrauli and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage andcanbefrequentedby historians, trail withtheHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated campus andapproachroads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationofbaolishouldbeinstalledatplacesin the structure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalledoutside statusandhistorical 6. RECOMMENDATIONS: isprohibitedonthecontextthatitheavily snake infested. Entry 5. ACCESS built by DaulatKhaninthe time ofSikanderLodhi. Itis saidtohave been usedfor some time The RajonkiBaoliisarelic ofthelastpre-Mughaldynasty, theLodhis. Itisbelieved tohave been 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Park Archeological Mehrauli 1. LOCATION: KI BAOLI QUTAB SAHIB ANANGTAL BAOLI GANDHAK KIBAOLI RAJON KIBAOLI Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Images ofLalQilaBaoli WATER AND HERITAGE 47 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 48 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project 60 stepsinthewell. to adepthof20feet (6.1 m), 2004–05. during As aresult, by thewaterlevel 20ft. hadrisen and ofthewell which wassilted outde siltingoperations The ofIndia hascarried Archaeological Survey thewellOver gotsilted up. thecenturies It hassincebeendesilted. 5. RESTORATION: (ASI). (INTACH) Heritage andCultural for Art withtheassistanceof ofIndia Archaeological Survey 2000byThe stepwell theIndianNational ofRajonKiBaolihasbeenrestoredintheearly Trust 4. STATUS: tank. staircase.large An opennicheinthesouthwallactsasapassageandjoinswell tothewater The rectangularshapedbuilding consistsofadeepwell shaftthatcanbeaccessedthroughthe towalkon. by sidesthatincludeaplatform highwallswithnarrow Deep stepsleaddown to thewaterfromNorth,whileEastand West sidesareenclosed The stepwell archeologicaltrail. canbeaccessed by walkingthroughtheMehrauli 3. ACCESS: issubterranean, onlystructure thetopmoststoreyisvisible above theground. by Raj Mistri (masons). Pluralised, gotitsname. thatishow thestructure Sincemostofthe level from thesurrounding ground level It hasaseriesofstepsforming four stages, eachindescendingsize, withfloors ateachstage, leadingtothewater The Baoliduringrains The Baoli during dry seasons The Baoliduringdry tourist circuit to draw inmorepeople. circuittodraw tourist 3. withtheQutab Signageindicatingthepresence andlocationofthebaolishouldbeintegrated provided soastoensuremaintenanceofthearea. 2. Sincethe tobe isfrequentedby people,Archeological park seatingspacesandutilityservices 1. ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS: The Baolisitsinadensevegetative settingfacingatomb. 7. SURROUNDINGS: 3.13 Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka, Sector 12 find traces of black greasy water at the very bottom. of black greasywateratthe find traces very well.come tobeknown asthe sukhabaoliorthedry Even intheheightofmonsoonone canonly upandhas Though thebaoliiswell maintainedthewaterinRajonKiBaolihaslongdried 6. PRESENTSITUATION: The baolihas beenrestoredby INTACH Delhi Chapter. 4. STATUS: adjoins. whoseperipheries Apartments thehighwallsenveloping wicket-gateAccessed viaanarrow puncturing thetowering Gangotri 3. ACCESS: (“lohar”) whosehydrological andcongregationalrequirementsthetiny edificewastofulfil. Baoli”“Loharheri fromthecontiguouspresenceofasmallsettlementironsmiths deriving villageoncestood standswheretheLoharehri 16thcentury. Dwarka now early villageby fortheSultansofthe LodiDynasty in the theresidentsofLoharehri It wasconstructed 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Hind FaujMarg, Sector12, Dwarka schoolon stretchoflandbetween aresidentialsocietyandprivate Located inabarren Azad 1. LOCATION: shelter enclosetheBaoli Covered corridor witharched openingtoprovide shade& provided acoolresting placefor people There are rooms ateachfloor whichonce WATER AND HERITAGE 49 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 50 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS marking theplot The Baolisitsinavacantlandenclosedby atoewall CITY LEVEL Project even fromthe immediatevicinity. monument is unfailingly easyto miss underground •Baoli beinganunadorned, masonry-built rubble •The waterlevel hasrecededleaving the well dry. •This three-tieredbaoliexists withinavastvacantland. •The baolihasbeenextensively restoredandmaintained 5. PRESENT SITUATION: of that period. Along thesteps,of thatperiod. Along twovisible levels of archesareclearly at theendofthe baoli. masonry, usingrubble The stepwell is constructed commoninmonuments prominentarchesalongthestepsandawell shows typical Lodi era architecture with The structure 5. ARCHITECTURE and preservation,noticeboard, developing acultural signageandilluminatingthemonument The INTACH planincludeslandscapingthesurroundings, scientificconservation, chemicalcleaning Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Map Showing LocationoftheLoharehri baolianditssurroundings

LOHAREHRI AZAD HIND FAUJ MARG FAUJ HIND AZAD The fenced Baoliisanisolatedentity onthesite BAOLI mage sourcehttp://exploreheritage.in/rediscovering-heritage-dwarka-baoli/ Pictures ofthebaolibefore &afterrestoration Vacant area around theBaoli Garbage dumpingoutsidethefenced Baoli about thesite section andinformation displaying theplan, Damaged signageboard clearly visible clearly thesteps,period. Along two levels of arches are masonry, commoninmonuments ofthat usingrubble •The stepwell is constructed settlingaroundthevacant site. have started andmaintenance, of information thesquatters of abaoliontheabutting roads. Duetolack •There isnosignageindicatingthepresence thebaoli. eventually deteriorate whichifnottaken careof,on thestructure will tocropup of maintenanceweeds have started •The baoliremainsfenced offandduetolack area around theBaoli Garbage dumpingandsquattersettlementinthevacant WATER AND HERITAGE 51 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 52 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS The baoliissituatedinNizamuddin areaandcan beaccessedfromthehumayun’s tomb complex. 1. LOCATION: CITY LEVEL Project 3.14 Arab Sarai Baoli Ki Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Map Showing Locationofthe Arab kiSaraibaolianditsplacementintheHumayun’s Tomb Complex walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage andcanbefrequentedby historians, trail withtheHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated disuse ofthestructure. ofthebaoliwithinneighbourhood. asenseofimportance generate This would prevent the •Public awareness: walksanddocumentationswould Creatingawareness also throughHeritage land.•Removal ofencroachments:croppingonthebarren Squattersettlementhasstarted couldbedeveloped tocreatepublic awareness andinterest. Photowalks andopengallery area.•The baolisitsinanisolatedbarren The emptylandtobedeveloped toasinvite people. roads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationofbaolishouldbeinstalledonapproach the structure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalledoutside statusandhistorical the structure. •The Baolishouldberenderedfreeofallthevegetative overgrowth sothatitdoesnot damage ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS: PARKING TOMB ISA KHAN’S SARAI ARAB KI HUMAYUN’S TOMB while constructing Arab-ki-sarai. constructing while whostayed oftheover in This L-shaped baoli wasbuilt 300Persian toquenchthe thirst artisans Humayun’s smallermonuments baoli is amongtheseveral surrounding sarai Tomb. wall. wallandahammam(bathchamber)inthecentreofnorthern centre oftheeastern Arab-ki- whom shehadbroughtfromMecca, hencethename Sarai.Arab (pavilion) occupiesthe A baradari is supposedtohaveThis sarai beenbuilt by HajiBegumfor threehundred mullahs (priests) Arab 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Base MapSource: GoogleEarth Map Showing Locationofthe Arab kiSaraibaolianditsvariouscomponents Site pictures ofthebaoli ARAB KISARAI RUINS WELL ENTRY GATEWAY WATER AND HERITAGE BAOLI 53 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 54 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage andcanbefrequentedby historians, trail withtheHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated witharches,•The baolihasasuperstructure itshould beilluminated. campus andapproachroads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationofbaolishouldbeinstalledatplacesin the structure. •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaolishouldbeinstalledoutside statusandhistorical ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaolianditsprecincts. the structure. •The Baolishouldberenderedfreeofallthevegetative overgrowth sothatitdoesnotdamage steps andedges, itbecomes inaccessible. ofthestructure:•Restoration ofthebaoliisinastatedistress;The structure withthebroken 5. RECOMMENDATIONS: andthemaintenancestaffconsiderwatercleanuseitfor washing.•The workers •The iswaterinthebaolithoughsourceunknown. recently restoredandvisitedHumayun’s Tomb complex, itisanisolatedsite. andthoughtheareasitsin ruins arein aswell astheSarai •The structure steps descendingtothewater. row•The LShapedbaolihasanarrow of 4. PRESENTSITUATION : It isunder ASI protection oftheHumayun’s tombcomplex,Being apart ithasbeendeclared “World Site”. Heritage 3. STATUS Arches onthewallofwell . The baoli’s well Steps leadingtothebaoli development Potential for Threats Significance Available Resources Signages Visual Access Physical Access Age Baoli invite people. developed to could be surroundings revived andthe needs tobe The structure dense trees. land with vegetative in anopen The baolisits probably lost. baoli willbe available; the information & withno vegetation under dense It isburried Delhi Oldest baoliin articles online articles blogs &travel mentioned in Vaguely None None None 10th Century Anang TalBaoli, Mehrauli Yogmaya temple, circuit. and religious of theheritage become apart itcould dargah with the is associated Since thebaoli . intervention with minimum made accessible be revived and the baolican encroachment and information Neglect, lackof with thedargah. being associated here inspiteof gets dumped surroundings from the •The garbage visited. less frequently •The baoligets the locals •Is known to mentioned •Vaguely None None women festivals andfor during fridays access on •Has limited Dargah. Bakhtiyar Kaki through the accessed •Can be 12th century Qutab Sahibki Mehrauli Baoli circulation. to allow easy developed defined and baoli couldbe Access tothe baoli presence ofthe the physical diminishing the edges upto right cropped up baoli has around the construction the Encroachment: Heritage walks Heritage Archeological of Mehrauli --It isapart visited •Extensively known and iswell books, online extensively in Mentioned status. the nameand baoli indicating outside the present Signage Well accessible stays fenced off per locationbut accessible as physically well Park, itis Archeological Mehrauli edges ofthe Lies onthe 13th century Archeological Gandak-ki- Mehrauli Baoli, Park awareness. for heritage be openedup The baolicould degrading is structure fenced off, the The baoliis baoli is alesspopular is fenced off, it spot but sinceit visited tourist one ofthemost of and isapart baoli inDelhi CIRCULAR It istheonly books, online Mentioned in status. the nameand baoli indicating outside the present Signage Well accessible off but stays fenced as perlocation well accessible •It isphysically premises. shah kotla fort Lies intheFiroz 13th century Kotla Baoli, Firoz Shah Firoz Shah Kotla Fort WATER AND HERITAGE the visitors. environment to to ensuresafe lighting soas signage and established with baolis shouldbe access tothe pedestrian •The structurally. to berevived the premises •The baolisand environment. inducing unsafe the day even during stays deserted •The place are inruins. the premises •The baolisand frequented. get rarely baolis,•Historic articles online articles blogs &travel mentioned in Vaguely None None trail. than thekutcha baolis other access tothe organised •There isno premises.fort Tughlaqabad •Lies inthe 13th century Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis Fort 55 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 56 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL Project Threats Significance Available Resources Signages Access Visual Access Physical Age -ment develope- Potential for Baoli structure the deteriorating the baoli growing into with vegetation a stateofneglect structure, itisin acrossthe run sewer pipes into thebaoli, sewer discharges The hospital to thewater staircase leading has L-Shaped huge area, it a baoli covers The rectangular articles online articles blogs &travel mentioned in Vaguely available name orstatusis information, but noother the structure present outside the baoliis Signage marking Well accessible stays fenced off. campus roadbut the internal Accessible from 13th Century edges andaccess with restoration needs The structure superstructure. with agrand It isahugebaoli Malka Ganj Hindu Rao Baoli, encroachment Neglect and tourists.. and pilgrims is visitedby •The stepwell published. extensively and hasbeen known baoli It isawell status. the nameand baoli indicating outside the present Signage Well accessible the structure allowed tovisit and localsare Only pilgrims stays fenced off. accessible but Is easily 13th century circuit. and religious of theheritage become apart itcould dargah with the is associated Since thebaoli . intervention with minimum made accessible be revived and The baolican Nizamuddin ki Baoli water source up •Dried maintenance •Lack of college students frequented by baoli, mostly most popular It isoneofthe known and iswell books, online extensively in Mentioned status. the nameand baoli indicating outside the present Signage Well accessible accessible. road. Itiswell area onHailey Sits inaquiet 14th century circulation. to allow easy developed defined and baoli couldbe Access tothe Hailey Road Agrasen ki Baoli enclosure walls rubble random has affected the complex. This the monument encroach into have begunto and dhalao settlement squatter school, some A primary residences the surrounding people from visited by the complex, monument ofa a part The baoliis articles online articles blogs &travel mentioned in Vaguely are absent. about thebaoli information Signage with surroundings visible fromthe the complexis The domeof green. residential Sits ina Easily accessible, 14th century tourists locals and more to attract be developed area andcould a hugegreen complex, with maintained in alavish, well The baolisits Puram Sec5 Complex,RK Monument Wazirpur neglected. off. Itgetseasy tightly fenced visible sinceits The Baoliisnot popular making itless it isfenced off, spot but since visited tourist one ofthemost of It isapart and isknown books, online Mentioned in status. the nameand baoli indicating outside the present Signage Well accessible off. but stays fenced easily accessible complex, itis Qila the Purana The baolisitsin 14th century awareness. for heritage be openedup The baolicould Purana Qila Baoli Age Access Physical Visual Access Signages Available Resources Significance Threats development Potential for Baoli 14th Century visitors. less frequentedby isolated corner but liesinan Is easily accessible Fort. Lies intheRed None available name orstatusis other information, but no structure outside the the baoliispresent Signage marking books, online Mentioned in two sides with accessfrom rectangular baoli It isahuge location. its signage marking with insufficient isolated corner since itsitsinan from thevisitors widely neglected gets the redfort of of beingapart The baoliinspite awareness. installed tocreate the baolicanbe the locationof Signage marking Lal QilaBaoli 16th century it iswell accessible Archeological Park, Lies intheMehrauli Well accessible and status. indicating thename outside thebaoli Signage present is well known books, onlineand extensively in Mentioned easy accessible. baoli,preserved well It isagrand source upwater •Dried maintenance •Lack of visitors. inmore bring circuit soasto Qutub tourist inthe integrated should be about thebaoli The information Rajon kiBaoli, Archeological Mehrauli Park 16th century fenced off accessible but stays physically well a residentialcampus, Lies attheedgesof Well accessible and status indicating thename inside thebaolifence Signage present online isavailableinformation andthe newspapers has beenpublished in INTACH, thebaoli Recently revived by by INTACH been recently revived over theyears. Ithas andplantation earth underloadsof buried completely andwas deteriorated The baolihad begun inthestructure. growth hasalready maintained, vegetative the baolidoesnotget Even afteritsrevival, maintenance. will alsofacilitateits to invite peoplewhich could bedeveloped foreground which open spaceinthe The baolihasalarge Loharheri Baoli, Dwarka Sec12 WATER AND HERITAGE 16th century Tomb complex from theHumayun’s It canbeaccessed None of theBaoli the presence marking There arenosignage guides. the localsand known baolieven to It isoneoftheleast Shaped baoli It isoneofaL- structure ofthe deterioration about thebaoliand Lack ofinformation maintenance. will alsofacilitateits festivals which cultural photo walksand could encourage which for gathering greenspace large the Baoli. Ithasa revived alongwith whole couldbe asa kiSarai Arab Arab kiSaraiBaoli 57 EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS SECTION 4 SECTION precincts of baoli v enation u j re y for trateg S

4. Strategy for Rejuvenation of Baoli Precincts

• The Timeline • The Landuse • The Location • The Surroundings • The Edges • Green/ open space structure in the neighborhood • Site levels • Existing planting survey • Design strategies • Design proposal • Area Details • Story board/ Photo panels

58 CITY LEVEL Project 59 60 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project 4.2 The Landuse 4.1 Wazirpur Monument Complex, 10th Centur •Anangtal Baoli •Arab ki Sarai Baoli kiSarai •Arab Baoli •Loharheri •Rajon kiBaoli 16th Centur y y • 12th Centur Qutab SahibkiBaoli •Lal QilaBaoli QilaBaoli •Purana Puram Sec5 •Wazirpur Monument Complex, RK kiBaoli •Agrasen 14th-15 th Centur y R.K. Puram, Sector 5-TimelineR.K. •Nizamuddin kiBaoli •Hindu RaoBaoli •Tughlaqabad Baolis Fort •Firoz ShahKotlaBaoli •Gandhak-ki-Baoli 13th Centur Sector 5. a residentialareainRKPuram The monument complexsitsin y y

demarcated aspublic greenandisusedby thelocalsasapark. oftheresidential areaflanked by roads.The Siteislocatedinthe heart Itiseasily accessible. Itis 4.3 The Location Base MapSource:GoogleEarth Map Showing theimmediatesurroundings ofRKPuram, sector5 Base MapSource:GoogleEarth Map Showing ConnectivityofRKPuram, sector5withmajorroads PALAM MARG PALAM

KAMA KOTI MARG SECTOR 5 RK PURAM

VIVEKANAND MARG OUTER RING ROAD RING OUTER

TAMIL SANGAM SANGAM TAMIL MARG SECTOR 5 RK PURAM WAZIRPUR MONUMENT

VIVEKANAND MARG COMPLEX

VIVEKANAND MARG TAMIL SANGAM MARG SANGAM TAMIL Regency Hyatt Bhikaji KamaPlace HAUZ KHASDISTRICTPARK WATER AND HERITAGE MAHATMA GANDHI ROAD 61 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 62 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 1.THE LOCATION CITY LEVEL Project 4.4 The Surroundings grave platforms. SOURCE:ixelated P M emories occupants isunknown, one wallmosque(“qiblas”), astepwell (“baoli”), well andtwo aseparate medieval monuments spreadout, consistsofaclusterfive tombstheidentityofwhose tillwhichthe •Nestled inanextremely smallgreenspace thatbarely defines theboundaries 3. MONUMENT COMPLEX: The Monument complex, (AD1451-1526)rubble-builtstructures acongregationofLodhi-era 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: R.K. Sector–5, Puram Delhi Wazirpur Monument Complex, in RKPuram, sector5 Map indicatingthelocationofMonument complex Base MapSource:GoogleEarth Base MapSource:GoogleEarth RK Puram, sector5 surroundings totheMonument Complex. surroundings theimmediate form Neighbourhood park The residentialdevelopment andthe Listed by ASI Listed 4. STATUS: of thepathway thatdemarcatesthearea. smaller qibla, to examine thetombcluster–two setsareoneitherside orclimbupthestairs rubble-built•Stepping throughtheirongate, headtowards thebaoli and the onecaneitherfirst Temporary commercial shops Gurudwara school Primary Baoli Grave platform dumping &sorting land for garbage Dulhao &vacant Qibla commercial shopsintheforeground View ofSaitemplewithtemporary platform Grave temporary shop temporary Cobbler’s Well =4.42 Acres Site Area- 17, 920sq.m. the monument complex Transformers attheedgeof brokers, parlors tent houses, property commercial shopslike Temporary WATER AND HERITAGE Transformers Sai temple 63 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 64 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts Gurudwara the inside. has wellpreservednicheson wall, plainfromoutsideand •It isarandomrubblehigh stretch oftheboundary. complex survivesinone •The originalwallofthe CITY LEVEL Project Squatter settlement school arevisible frominsidethecomplex. sheets whichformthetemporary wallsofthe right uptoitswallswithnobuffer andtheplastic •The primaryschoolhasencroached thebaoli monuments wall obstructingtheviewof has anonpoursplasteredbrick which hastheprimaryschool •The edgeofthecomplex Dhalao 4.5 The Edges school primary vidya mandir-Janta adarsh wall mosque(qibla)inside. •A stonesignageoutsidetheboundary wallmentionsthe •The entrytothecomplexishardly visible. above itonthreesides. •The complexisEnclosedbya rubblewallwithafence area isaleftoverland. Gurudwara thoughthebuffer the monumentand a lowfenceseparates An additionaltoewallwith supports thehighplinth. without afencewhich complex isalowtoewall On therearsideof garbage Vacant landusedtodump Neighbourhood parks Area for transformers Temple 4.6 Green/Open Space Structure inthe Neighborhood garbage Vacant landusedtodump Neighbourhood park walls. the complexitselfhenceremains underratedandhidesthemonumentswithinits •The entrytothemonumentcomplex isnotprominentandvisuallymonumentalas a sociocultural area(MCD) a sociocultural Fenced openspaceusedas 4.7 The Access into thehugecomplex. primary schoolwhichopensup between theGurudwaraand the •It isanarrowlanesandwiched visible. Gurudwara; theentryishardly through asideentryalongthe •The Monumentisaccessed sector 5residentialarea through thelocalroadof The entrytothecomplexis Marg. accessible fromtheVivekananda The Monumentcomplexis ACCESS: (area= 9500sq.m.)CPWD neighbourhood park well maintained Large Neighbourhood parks (ASI) Well maintainedlawn area

(area= 600sq.m.) WATER AND HERITAGE 65 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 66 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 300mm. by approximatelysurroundings elevation thantherestof •The siteisatahigher CITY LEVEL Project 4.8 Site Levels •The lower plinthslopestowards thewells. surface waterintothebaoli. •The four tombsareenclosedwithatoewall, toslopethe restonaupperplinthwhichisgraded Localised slopes created on thesitetodrainsurfacewater UPPER PLINTH Lvl +2.0m LOWER PLINTH Lvl +0.3m Lvl +0.5m Lvl 00.00 Toe Wall Physical Barrier- Site Boundary The tombsontheupperplinthare enclosedby astonerubbleretaining wall. plinth The isolatedtombisaccessedby lower plinthbutby climbing9steps. Itsplinthlevel matchesthatoftheupper Rear view oftheupperplinth’s stonerubbleretaining wall. WATER AND HERITAGE 67 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 68 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project 01 Nos. Syzygiumcumini Planting Survey 4.9 Existing 01 No. Ficus benghalensis 02 Nos. Alstonia scholaris 01 Nos. Syzygiumcumini 04 Nos. Mimusops elengi 02 No. Polyalthia Longifolia 01 No. Ficusbenjamina 02 Nos. Ficusbenjamina 01 Nos. Syzygiumcumini 02 No. Polyalthia Longifolia 01 No. Albizia lebbeck Alstonia scholaris 04 Nos. Schleichera oleosa Schleichera 02 Nos. cumini 02 Nos. Syzygium benghalensis 01 No. Ficus scholaris Nos.03 Alstonia indica Azadirachta 05 Nos. Azadirachta indica Azadirachta 02 Nos. Alstonia scholaris 02 Nos. indica Azadirachta 03 Nos. 04 Nos. Albizia lebbeck elengi 03 Nos. Mimusops scholaris Nos.03 Alstonia scholaris Nos.02 Alstonia Azadirachta indica Azadirachta 04 Nos. Young wall Alistonia scholaris trees liningtheboundary The Campusislushgreen withalotofmature trees gaps ofthematureplantation fillinginthe Alstonia scholaris is densely plantedwithyoung ofthecomplex The periphery lawn. watered maintained andregularly •The complexhasawell the site. have on beenplanted randomly plants, shrubs palmsandvarious •Flowering shrubs, seasonal religeosa (pipal) indica(Neem),Azadirachta Ficus number ofmaturetrees large •The Complexisdottedwitha WATER AND HERITAGE 69 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 70 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project Dense plantation around theBaoli Ficus religiosa Azadirachta indicaattheedgeofupperplinth Azadirachta indicanearthebaoli Lush green monument complex patches argentea randomly plantedin Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Celosia the upperplinth to Punica granatumframetheentry Morus alba circulation. the two greensdoesnotaffect thevehicular inordertoconnect neighbourhood park between themonument complexandthe road Removing thestretchofsecondary structures. foreground toappreciate&enhancethehistoric To andcreating createvisitorexperience CONNECTING THE FRA REMOVING ENCROACHMENTS 4.10 DesignStrategies

GMENTED GREENS rather thanroad rather Enabling circulationthroughthegreenspaces the Physical &visualaxisofthetomb. Paved circulationandplantingtostrengthen STRENGTHENING THE VISUAL AXIS THE GREEN EST ABLISHING PEDESTRIANNK . WATER AND HERITAGE GES THROUGH 71 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 72 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project Design Strategies road. accesstothecomplexcloser Bringing REINFORCNG THE PROVISION FORPARKING, SIGNAGE & AMENITIES Space for &amenities Spacefor Parking Space for Signage A CCESS POINTS CCESS by providing accessfromthemain road neighbourhood but tothecityasawhole up themonuments notonly tothe greens.integrated These plazasopen tothelarge Paved theentry plazasmark appreciate theMonument Complex Lawn spaceprovides foreground to large integrated greens integrated large tothe Paved theentry plazasmark 4.11 DesignProposal flowering shrubs andpavingflowering shrubs Flower gardenwithbandsof Pedestrian and Visual axis the Gurudwara plantingtobuffer Shrub wall Existing Historic Space for Parking Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit Existing Park with seating Shaded plaza through outthecomplex access pedestrian Establishing continuous WATER AND HERITAGE Space for parking Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit tombs appreciate the to viewand foreground Plaza asa Planting beds 73 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 74 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project Design Proposal -View large integrated greens integrated large tothe Paved theentry plazasmark flowering shrubs andpavingflowering shrubs Flower gardenwithbandsof Space for Parking Pedestrian and Visual axis Existing park Gurudwara to buffer the planting Shrub Existing Historic wall Existing Historic Shaded plaza with seating Lawn Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit Planting beds appreciate thetombs Plaza asaforeground toviewand WATER AND HERITAGE Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit 75 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 76 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts Design Proposal-Circulation CITY LEVEL Project and areshadedwithtrees These widepaved areashave spacefor seating access tothemonuments. Exittothesiteand theEntry/ The Plazasmark PLAZAS . the complex. This 2.5mwidepathway facilitatescirculationin SECONDARY CIRCULATION axis tothetomb. thevisual monument complexandalsomarks &the circulation connectingthepark This 4.0mwidepathwaythePrimary form PRIMARY CIRCULATION WATER AND HERITAGE 77 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 78 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project Design Proposal -Planting PROPOSED PLANTING EXISTING TREES ELEVATION-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA PLAN-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA Area Details KEY PLAN 2.0 mwidepathway Parking LAWN 6m wideroad visitors •These plazasarewidepaved spacesshadedwithtreestoreceive to thecityasawholeby providing accessfromthemain road. plazas openupthemonuments notonly totheneighbourhoodbut greens. integrated tothelarge •Paved theentry plazasmark These ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA Signage Signage wall wall Planting Beds Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit 4.0 mwidepathway WATER AND HERITAGE 79 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 80 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts PLAN-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA CITY LEVEL Project KEY PLAN LAWN Grave Platform Hedges benches Tree shadedplazawith avoid accidents •The openingofthewell tobefixed withrecessedmetal screento concerns. •The Existingwell hasbeen cordonedoffwithplantationfor safety . pathway 2.0m wide Planting beds well Existing pathway 2.0m wide 6m wideroad Shoulder PLAN-LINEAR FLOWER GARDEN the loststructure. Paving aroundtheBaoliwould renderemphasisto to beremoved. school primary The Encroachmentby a temporary KEY PLAN Entry/Exit Plaza Entry/Exit Stone bands BAOLI as well complex andthegarden appreciate themonument to areas for thevisitors has treeshadedseating access thegarden. It with paving bandsto A linearflower garden Paving bands . 6.0m wideroad Paving aroundthe Reference images Parking baoli Flower beds WATER AND HERITAGE LAWN 81 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 82 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project VIEW 02-Lawns toappreciatetheMonument Complex ExitPlaza VIEW 01-Entry/ KEY PLAN View 01 View 02 VIEW 04-Linear flower garden ExitPlaza-Pedestrian & VIEW 03-Entry/ Visual Axis tothemonument KEY PLAN View 03 WATER AND HERITAGE 83 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 84 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts CITY LEVEL Project in people. out to bring •Photowalks andpublic canbecarried awareness programs walks. heritage enthusiastsduring and heritage and canbefrequentedby historians, trail with theHeritage tourists •The Baolicouldbeintegrated by complexinthevicinity. areawarecould beilluminatedsothat peopledriving ofthehistoric the sector. roadssurrounding •The tombsinthecomplex arevisible fromthe peripheral These campus andapproachroads. •Signage indicatingthepresenceandlocationof baolishouldbeinstalledatplacesinthe 4.12 Story Boards/Photo Panels outside thestructure. components ofthecomplexlike the Tombs, Qibla andwell shouldbeinstalled •Signage indicatingthename, relevanceofthebaoliandother status andhistorical circulationwithinthecomplex. •Strengthening thepedestrian circulation. linking thegreenswithpedestrian greenintheforeground and withthecentral •The complextobeintegrated wallandaccessgatesfacingtheroad. boundary transparent •The monument complextobemadeaccessible physically andvisually witha encroachments aroundthebaoli. •Removal ofencroachments: Removing thesquattersettlement, jhuggiandother precincts. ofaquifer: Revivalofthewaterbodywould•Recharge activatethebaoliandits SUMMARY OFDESIGNPROPOSAL: •Proper signagesandway locatethecomplex. finding would helpthepassersby style. architectural read aboutthemonument complex, andsignificance, itssighting& itshistory •Storey boardstobeinstalledundertreeshadedareassothatthevisitor s could WATER AND HERITAGE 85 Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts 86 Section 5 5. • • Conclusions General guidelinesfor therejuvenation ofBaoliPrecincts in Delhi Revival &restorationofthecountry practicesinotherparts 5.1 Revival &Restoration Practices inOther Parts ofIndia its upkeep. particular. A women’s tolookafterthenewly restoredStepwell committeewasformed toensure –women, oflocalvillagers in processwastheparticipation oftherestoration part •A central folk motifssuchasmusicians, whichsymbolize festivity. surfaces have been paintedover underthedirectionofalocalartist,who reintroducedtraditional •The Stepwell hasbeencleanedout, inthewallshave cracks beenfilled, andthestructure’s non-monsoonseason. theStepwell during order torecharge •The overflow ofthevillage’s watertankhasbeensetuptomove tubein throughanunderground •Created public healthfacilitiesforsettlement. menandwomen inthesurrounding thathasaccumulated over•Cleaning outdebris decades, diggingwithinthewell’s mouth. highlights: Key conservation 5. BalajikiBaoli, Bhanpur 4. MeenokiBaoli, Sarjoli, 3. kiBaoli, Bohraji Khawarani, 2. BanjaronkiBaoli, Thali, 1. BagichiwaliBaoli, Bhanpur, outon 5Stepwells:Funded by aninitialgrant, wascarried restoration India. outaninvestigationSamiti have onhow toaddressthreatstheStepwells carried ofRajasthan, * (CPCB). groundwater levels,” says RMBhardawaj, Pollution seniorscientistoftheCentral ControlBoard and storewater. The factorinrevivingthebaolisofcityliesreplenishment crucial and “reactivate” afew inthehopesthattheymightonceagaincollect wells inDelhiandGujarat tode-silt hasspearheadedafew recentefforts forThe growingwaterconservation urgency water.can provide toconserve uswiththemush neededaninspiration (http://www.arcgis.com) documented andfewer like thesethat areconserved. Inthisageofwaterscarcityitisstructures landscapewheretheywere usually arid built in.than theharsh have Fewofthesestructures been where peoplegatheredfor leisureastheseplaceswere cooler(becauseoftheaccumulated water) surface ofthewaterwhatever thelevel may be. asmeetingplaces oftenserved These structures deep, cutintothegroundwateraquifers, collectedandstoredrainwater. Stepsledpeopletothe bathingandleisureareas. droughtsorasprivate tothepeopleduring security There areoftendug been destroyed andforgotten. These wereeithertoprovide built water by Kings andRulers seen scatteredallover India, ortemplecomplexes, mostly inforts routesbut many trade have inIndia. structures Stepwells aretheonesome oftheleastdocumentedarchitectural They were Global Heritage PrinceClausFundandGramBharati FundanditsNGOpartners WATER AND HERITAGE

87 Conclusions 88 Conclusions development and ancient structures tocoexistsideby side.”development andancientstructures in thepit, the nearby baoli, waterwillpercolatethroughthesoilandrecharge allowing modern away drains,” rainwater from thestorm pitscouldbebuilt todivert harvesting hesays. “Once area managementisthekey. Inthesmallareasoflandbetween the baolis andbuildings, rainwater bymany baolis in buildings, Delhiaresurrounded thewells canstillberecharged. “Catchment * not potable, itcanbeusedfor cleaningandagriculture. the foundation ofthe baoli some80feet below groundlevel. While thewaterinthe baoli isstill rubbish, garbageandsludgethathadaccumulated over wasremoved thepast700years toreach dump. andthelocalresidentsusingitasarubbish the structure and the The poolwasdrained Nizamuddin Auliya. of the baoli wallscollapsed duetosewagewaterseepinginto In2008, parts Nizamuddin Basti, inHazrat century amedievalvillageinDelhinamedafterSufisaint, Hazrat * inthefrontwallsandopenjointswere grouted. earthquake property. stonematchingtheoriginal with freshDhrangadhra thatdeveloped dueto The cracks ofthe1stand2nd pavilions outstoneflooring The damagedandworn wasremoved andreplaced were platform restored. sidewallandterrace ofthenorthern missing portion continued . wasundertaken. ofthestonefor themissingportions The dressingandcarving The walls whichwere outofplumbwascommenced. was ofexposinghiddenstructures The work were resumedin1977. works Again conservation The desiltingofthewell andresettingofside Due toflooding ofthe rain water,well by hadtobediscontinued. works conservation stoneusedinthe wasrebuilt withstonematchingtheoriginal ashlar masonry Vav. andtheirsculpturesfixedThe dilapidatedsidewallswere inposition. setright In1973, themissing loose sculpturesandthestoneslying insidethewell were removed afterinsitudocumentation. ofthesidewalls.exposing apart The dislodgedstoneswere resetuptoaheightof11m. In1969, •In 1963, accumulated inthepassageleadingtoshaftofwell thedebris wasremoved , measures. c. Otherconservation b. ofthesidewallsand Resettingoftheoutplumbparts a. ofthefallenretainingwall, Construction by the ofIndia: were undertaken Archaeological Survey works The following structural ofthestepwell atRaniki •De-silting andrestoration Vav, Patan. including atRedFort,Safdarjung Tomb andQutubMinar. pitsinitsgreenlawns ateightmonuments, harvesting puttinguprainwater •The ASI hasstarted not saving thesebaolisas ‘water bodies’. •For and ASI however thestonestructures thefocus hasalways beenonmaintainingorconserving fed torevive baolis therain •Implementing theconceptofRainwaterharvesting repairs. by masonry •Cleaning &desiltingtheBaolissothatwatersourcesinthesestepw * CITY LEVEL Project Diwan Singh, anactivistwithnonprofit NaturalHeritage First, says thateven though One such baoli restoredby the AgaKhan Trust for Culture (AKTC)wasbuilt inthe14th The Archaeological Survey ofIndia ells to “open up” followed SOURCE: peopleforheritageconcern accordance with original structure accordance withoriginal •Dismantling ofexisting, andresettingin damaged, ofthestructure andoutofplumbportions elements for re-use architectural for loosesculpturesandornamental ofdebris •Sorting elements architectural •Setting upinformation/displaycentretoexhibitloosesculpturesandornamental proposedifrequired for drawings newstructures •Detailed structural •Phasing ofprojectimplementation defined •Detailed budgeting andestimationofwork amenities ifrequired •Detailed visitormovement plan, signage’s creating/supplementingofvisitorfacilitiesandpublic •Landscape development planaspertherequirementofproject documentation •Detailed photoandarchitectural managementplan ofConservation •Preparation Project Tasks: •Vidhyadhar Vav, Sevasi, Vadodara, Vadodara •Ancient Lake, Ten Talao, Dabhoi, Vadodara •Chowmukhi Vav, Chobari, Chotila, Surendranagar •Step-well atHampur, Dhrangadhra, Surendranagar andDevelopment•Conservation, of Restoration Vav andKund atGambhirpur, Idar andDevelopment•Conservation, of Restoration Vanjhari Vav atModasa, Sabarkantha andDevelopment•Conservation, ofKhan Restoration Talao –Dholka •Conservation, Restoration, andDevelopment of Ambapur Vav at Ambapur, Gandhinagar ofNagarani andRestoration •Conservation Vav atKhedchandrani, Himmatnagar ofStep-well atDavad, andRestoration •Conservation Idar •Step-wells includedin the projectare: India 2007-2013, Client: Directorate of Archaeology, Government ofGujarat * Project: ofStepwells (vav) locationsatGujarat, andtanks(talao/tanks)atvarious Conservation WATER AND HERITAGE 89 Conclusions 90 Conclusions CITY LEVEL Project for pathwayscirculation &accessibility. &ramps •Providing necessary night. could belocked andmannedduring •The baoliprecinctsshould have thoughit unhindered accesssothatitisaccessible toeveryone PHYSICAL ACCESS •The precinctstobefreefromalltheencroachments. entry, tree shaded seatingspacesandutility. •If thebaolisitsinagreenorlawn space, thesetting to bedeveloped withproper signage, defined DEVELOPING THE BAOLI PRECINCTS AS A PUBLICSPACE helpdesks. andtourist them shouldbeavailable department withtourism abouteachoneof information andabrief mapswiththeexistingbaolismarked •Delhi tourist government website. authority/ relevanceofthebaolishouldbeavailable oftheageandhistoric •The information onthe AVAILABILITY OFRESOURCES •It shouldbemadesurethatthebaoliisnotusedfor washingofclothesandbathing. inthevicinity. theparks •The waterfromthesebaoliscanbeusedfor watering replenish thewatertable ofthearea. system, watersystems.Rain waterharvesting withthesurrounding integrating This would intern by themeansofRainwaterharvesting.be recharged The well oftheBaolitobelinked withthe sourceofwaterisavailable, andnounderground •If theaquifer hasdried thewaterbodycan ofaccumulation ofgarbageandsilt. years a whole. inthediggingandcleaningwell of This canbeachieved by community participation andrejuvenation ofthespaceas •Reviving thewaterbodywould strengthentheconservation REVIVAL OF THE WATER BODY the accessshouldbedefinedbefore makingitaccessible tothepublic. stable andsafe tofacilitatevisitors. The precinctsshouldbeclearofallthevegetative growth and ofthebaolis. tothedeterioration major reasonscontributing Itshouldberestoredandrendered Ageing, efflorescence, encroachment, poormaintenance&neglectandurbanpressurearethe RESTORATION OFSTRUCTURE any moreBaolisofBundi-INTACHconstructed technologyforthe adventwatersupply, ofmodern andstorage, baolisarenot waterharvesting systems. and architectural ofthestructural They representauniquebuilding typologyinterms With days waterforoftheyear. thedriest established ways ofpreserving of theland, andthewatersystems. itsterrain They symboliseamodeinwhichourancestors techniquesandrepresentaninherentunderstanding oftraditional The baolisarerepositories 5.2 General Guidelines for the Rejuvenation ofthe Baoli Precincts •Enhancing thevisualqualityofprecinctswillimprove thevisitorexperience. have aPorous edgesothatitdoesnotget cordoned off. wall, morethanaparapet •Since thebaolisdonothave thebaoliprecinctsshould asuperstructure thesightlinestobaolisofencroachment(if siteallows). •Clearing VISUAL ACCESS and peoplefromnearby localitiestovisittheplace. •Weekly/monthly community fairs, exhibitions, food stallsinthebaoliprecincts would invite locals thandumpingwaste. maintainandsafewould guarditrather inturn them associatewiththespace, space. itcouldbecomeacommunity gathering The community •Once thelocalsknow aboutthebaoli, canbeinduced. asenseofownership This would help INVOLVING THE LOCALSIN THE RESTORATION &MAINTENANCEPROCESS theirregularmaintenanceandmanagement will alsoencourage enthusiasts. theheritage walksso attract •Identifying andincludingthebaolisinheritage This oftheinvaluableto sensitize thelocalsandtourists assets. ofworkshops, intheform •Awareness programs photo canvas display, soas talkscanbeorganized CREATING& AWARENESSTOURISTSCOMMUNITY AMONGST •The waterbodyshouldhave soastoavoid asafety mishaps. barrier •The sitesshouldbephysically couldbeprovided accessible wherever toallandhandrails feasible. prominentandshouldnothindertheview.•Railings shouldnotbevery sothatthesiteremainssecurebut isvisually accessiblewall withrailings atthesametime. i.e.Barriers/Railings/Handrails: wallenclosing the precinctsshouldbeporus alow toe The boundary structure.aware ofthepresence ahistoric •Illumination: by are thenightsothatpeopledriving The precinctsshouldbewell litduring SAFETY/ SECURITY should beinstalledtoarousevisitorinterest. relevanceofthestructure, itspurpose,details boardsexplainingthehistorical architectural •Story Baoli andaccesswithinthecomplex. •Well labelledandinformativesignageshouldbeprovided tofacilitatevisitor’s approachtothe SIGNAGES WATER AND HERITAGE 91 Conclusions 92 ANNEXURE CITY LEVEL Project 6. Annexure recommendation of ‘National Monument Authority’ Government. by the Central [Section2(ha) having regardto theclassificationofany protectedmonument orprotectedareaonthe 6. There isalsoaprovision extendtheprohibitedareabeyond inthe 100meters Act tofurther (m)] orbuilding,pre-existing structure but shallnot include ‘construction’ or ‘reconstruction’. [Section 2 interpretation, the Act hasdefined theterm ‘repair’ and ‘renovation’ toa whichmeansalteration limits.structure, having orvertical thesamehorizontal [Section2(k)] To avoid any ambiguityin ‘reconstruction’ or building toitspre-existing hasalsobeendefinedasany erectionofastructure tothepublic;of electricity orprovision for similarfacultiesfor publicity. [Section2(dc)]Similarly, for public, ormaintenance, ortheconstruction extension, managementfor supply anddistribution conveniences, meantfor providing andmaintenanceofworks supply ofwater ortheconstruction andofpublic latrines, works andsimilar anddrainage urinals maintenance andcleansingofdrains any re-construction, orbuilding, repairandrenovation ofany existingstructure orconstruction, orhorizontally,including any additionorextensiontheretoeithervertically but doesnotinclude, 5. The Amendment Act defines ‘construction’ ora building, whichmeansany erectionofastructure ofIndia. Archaeological Survey by the hadbeengranted ofsuchbuilding orstructure orreconstruction for construction Monument Authority, ispre-1992orpermission subjecttocondition that thebuilding orstructure Authority, tobespecified Government, by theCentral ontherecommendationof National protected area. However, for by repairandrenovation theCompetent permission couldbegranted intheprohibitedareasofprotected monument and nature shallbegranted 4. ofany public forprojectsorany construction Henceforth, other nopermission architecture, architectureorlaw withatenure ofthreeyears. heritage, conservation fromthefields ofarchaeology,having proven andexpertise experience planning, town andcountry 3. members The andfive fulltimeandfive shallhave part-time Authority afulltimeChairperson the Amendment intheprincipal Act. National Monument Authority, of Government whichistobeconstitutedby theCentral virtue andclassificationofthemonuments,gradation archaeologicalsitesandremainstobedone by the Act as100mand200m, respectively. extendedonthebasisof The limitssofixed may befurther Governmentremains declaredbyasprotectedhave the Central beenspecified inthe principal 2. The limitsofprohibitedareaandregulatedaroundthemonuments, archaeologicalsites and actionstakenGovernment byunderthesaid theCentral Act. validation ofcertain the Ancient monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains Act, 1958andtomake provision for Validation) Act, toasthe 2010hereinafterreferred Amendment Act hasbeenenactedtoamend 1. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains(Amendment (Salient Features) A. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains Act –2010 WATER AND HERITAGE 93 ANNEXURE 94 ANNEXURE CITY LEVEL Project outany repairorrenovation ofsuchbuilding orstructure, may make anddesirestocarry General 16th day ofJune, 1992, or, withtheapproval ofDirector which hadbeensubsequently constructed 11. Any person, whoowns any building orstructure, whichexisted inaprohibitedareabefore the by any authority. or projectessentialtothepubic. There isnoprovision of any forrelaxationinthisregard grant prohibited areatobetaken upby allpublic isrelatedtopublic bodieseven works ifthepurpose for public [Section2(I)and20B]. activitiesinthe allconstruction This provision hasbarred tothepublic orprovisionmanagement for ofelectricity supply for anddistribution similar facilities for providing for supply ofwater for public, orthemaintenance, ortheconstruction extension, latrines, andsimilarconveniences, urinals or, meant andmaintenanceofworks the construction This provision, however, and ofpublic works anddrainage doesnotincludecleansingofdrains outintheprohibitedarea. cannot becarried project essentialtothepublic orotherconstructions Validation) Act 2010comesintoforce. After theenforcement ofthe Act, 2010, or public work date onwhichthe Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains(Amendment to thepublic orotherconstructions, inany prohibitedareaonandafterthe shallbegranted 10. The outany orprojectessential publicAct provides work thatnopermission, includingcarrying counter, ticket bookoffice, waterkiosk, smallcafeteria, etc. like toilets,erection ofstructures sculptureshed, museum, centre, interpretations publication experience, whichmayofficer keeping inviewtherequirementstoenhancevisitors require activitiesintheprohibitedareahasbeengiven tothearchaeological construction for undertaking taken upintheprohibitedareasofprotectedmonuments andprotectedareas. The authority inany prohibitedarea.any construction activitycanbe This provision meansthatno construction 9. The out Amendment Act provides thatnoneotherthananarchaeological officercancarry fromthelocalbodiesandotherauthorities. Act tocallfor information Government. fromtimetotheCentral report The underthe ASI hasbeengiven authority nature madeonandafter16thJune, 1992inallprohibitedandregulatedareastosubmita Government. Responsibilityhasalsobeengiven tothe ofwhatever ASI toidentifyallconstruction detailedsiteplanswithinatimelimittobespecified ofpreparing by theCentral for thepurpose 8. ofallprohibitedareasandregulatedby the The survey ASI Act provides for undertaking even andcovers below thesurface. horizontally but alsovertically Government. [Section2(I)and20B] With thisdefinition, theregulatedareahasextentnotonly or protectedareaontherecommendationof ‘National Monument Authority’ by theCentral beextendedhaving regardtotheclassificationofany protectedmonument area couldfurther inalldirections.extending toadistanceof200hundredmeters regulated This 200meters ancientmonument andarchaeologicalsiteremains,of prohibitedareainrespectevery 7. The regulatedarea, accordingtothe Amendment area,Act meansevery beginningatthelimit even andcovers below thesurface. vertically and 20A] With thisdefinition, theprohibitedareahasextentnotonly horizontally but also with theCompetent Authority, whoshallbespecified Government througha by theCentral reconstruction, repairorrenovation intheprohibitedareasorregulated areashasbeenvested 17. for construction, toreceiveofpermission Henceforth,applicationfor the authority grant ofSections20C,the purpose 20Dand20E. [Section2(db)] the Act. Governmenttospecify different hasthepowers Competent The Central for Authorities rank of Director oftheCompetentan officernotbelow functionsunder the toperform Authority Act, Government 2010provides may thattheCentral specify, by notificationintheofficialGazette, 16. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains(Amendment Validation) and illegal. un-authorizedlybutlaterwould regularized betreatedasunauthorized soconstructed structures ex-post-facto, by theDirectorGeneral granted the permissions whichmeansthatthebuildings and ofany building orstructure. [Section20A(3)].or re-construction This provision hasnotvalidated inany prohibited areasubsequenttothecompletionofconstruction granted building orstructure 15. The Act, however, ofany orre-construction for provides construction thatthepermission with theprovisions ofthis Act [Section20A(3)]. Committee, shall bedeemedtohaveAdvisory inaccordance of theExpert beenvalidly granted (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010, intheprohibitedareaonbasisofrecommendation ending before thedateonwhich Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains 14. by the granted for construction ASI afterthe16thdayThe permissions ofJune, 1992but and notvalid. isillegal fromtheDirectorGeneral permission intheregulatedareawithout obtainingprior person provision ofthis Act [Section 20B]. outby any carried As perthisprovision theconstructions such protectedmonument, shallbedeemedtohave inaccordancewiththe beenvalidly granted (Amendment and Validation) Act 2010hascomeintoforce, intheregulatedarearespectof ending before thedateonwhich Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains 13. by the granted for construction ASI afterthe16thdayThe permission ofJune, 1992but orrepairrenovation, orre-construction construction asthecasemay be. [Section20C(2)] out orlandmay make anapplicationtotheCompetent or structure for carrying Authority orlandinanyany regulatedarea. building orstructure The owner orpossessorofany building onsuchland,such building orstructure asthecasemay be, by any person, whoowns orpossesses 12. orrepairrenovation of orre-construction outconstruction The Act provides for carrying by theDirectorGeneral. granted basis ofpermission to16thJune, onthe whichexistedprior 1992orwhichhadbeenconstructed building orstructure orreconstruction.any construction Hemay, however, repairorrenovation ofthe undertake for undertaking orlandfallingintheprohibitedareacouldbepermitted any building orstructure may be[Section20C(1)] After theenforcement ofthe Amendment Act, noowner orpossessorof outsuchrepairorrenovation,an applicationtotheCompetent for carrying asthecase Authority WATER AND HERITAGE 95 ANNEXURE 96 ANNEXURE CITY LEVEL Project considerably for recommendation, andifso, recommendedby the Authority, theCompetent impactonthepreservation,likely safety, to causeanadverse oraccesstothemonument security Authority, incase, is orconstruction itisfound thatsuchrepairorrenovation orreconstruction ofNationalMonument ofbuilding orconstruction orreconstruction of repairorrenovation work 26. out The Competent for isempowered carrying sogranted Authority torefer thepermission Monument Authority. [Section20D(6)] from thedateofreceiptapplicationtoapplicant, Government andtheNational theCentral intimatesuchrefusalwithinthreemonths person totheconcerned after givinganopportunity 25. Incaseofrefusalthepermission, theCompetent and shallby orderinwriting Authority 24. The recommendationoftheNationalMonument shallbefinal.Authority [Section20D(5)] (4)] one monthofreceipttherecommendationNationalMonument Authority. [Section20D 23. orconveyThe Competent permission refusal totheapplicantwithin shalleithergrant Authority development project, public projectandessentialtothepublic). [[Section20D(3)] scale (includingthelarge application totheCompetent impactofsuchconstruction Authority 22. The NationalMonument shallintimatewithintwo monthsafterthereceiptof Authority to theNationalMonument for recommendations.Authority [Section20D(2)] undersubsection 20D(2)andtheapplicationswhichshallbereferred may begranted permission 21. ofapplicationsinrespectwhichthe Governmentthecategory mayThe Central prescribe protected area. [Section20D (2)] bye-laws protectedmonument or in accordancewithheritage for theconcerned to beframed scaledevelopment project,the impactoflarge public projectandessentialtothepublic) National Monument (including toconsiderandintimateimpactofsuch construction Authority 20. The Competent shallforward theapplicationssoreceivedAuthority within15days the be notified). [Section20D(1)] to by theowner (aspertherules Authority orthepossessorinsuchmannerasmay beprescribed renovation orlandinaregulatedareamy ofanybemadetotheCompetent building orstructure 19. orrepair orreconstruction for construction ofpermission The applicationsfor grant 20D(1)] tobenotified). (aspertherule or thepossessorinsuchmannerasmay beprescribed [Section maywith theapproval bemadetotheCompetent ofDirectorGeneral by theownerAuthority existed inaprohibitedareabefore 16thofJune1992, orwhichhadbeensubsequently constructed 18. for which repairorrenovation ofpermission ofbuildingsThe applicationsfororstructures grant hisfunctionsasdefinedintheGazette notificationto discharge Act. 36. bye-lawsThe heritage shallbeexhibitedby theCompetent onthewebsite after Authority have tobepublished intheOfficialGazette tomake them available topublic. on thetable ofeachHouseParliament. [Section 20E(6)] bye-lawsThe heritage therefore shall 35. bye-lawsThe heritage inrespectofeach protectedmonument orprotectedareashallbelaid [Section 20E(5)] areas like archaeology, architectureorlaw. andtown planning, country architecture,conservation Authority, ofexcellence intherelevant andmembers whichisproposedtoheave theChairperson andconsultantsshallbegotapproved by theNationalMonument the helpofoutsideexperts 34. bye-lawsThe heritage whichshalleventually bepreparedby theCompetent with Authority bye-laws. ofdetailedsiteplansandheritage preparation [Section20E(4)] 33. orconsultantsfor The Competent toappointexperts hasbeenauthorized Authority and regulatedareaineachcase. detaileddocumentationoftheprotectedarea,been found essentialtoundertake prohibitedarea area shallbegoverned by thegroundconditionsandnatureofmonument for whichithas 32. bye-laws ofheritage The preparation inrespect of eachprotectedmonument orprotected bye-laws.be includedineachsuchheritage [Section20E(3)] to regulated area, bye-laws thetimewithin whichsuchheritage shallbe preparedandparticulars detailed siteplansinrespectofeachprotectedmonument orprotectedarea, orprohibitedarea 31. Government shallspecify,The Central (tobeframed), by of rules themannerofpreparation tobeframed). (tobedetailedoutintherules asmay [Section20E(2)] beprescribed such matters poles, (includingelectric waterandsewer infrastructure pipelines)inadditionto road andservice 30. bye-lawsThe heritage controlssuchaselevation, shallspecifyheritage façade, system, drainage [Section 20E(1)] bye-lawsshall prepareheritage inrespect ofeachprotectedmonument andprotectedarea. bodies, heritage asmay benotified Government, orsuchotherexpert by theCentral Heritage 29. The Competent inconsultationwiththeIndianNational Authority Trust andCultural For Art orrefused[Section20D(8)] granted permissions 28. shallhave Government ortheDirectorGeneral The Central toexhibitonwebsite allthe laws areapproved /notified. [Section20D(7)] for repair/renovation/construction/reconstruction,permission etc., evenbye- before theheritage circumstances andwiththeapproval oftheNationalMonument Authority, of toconsidergrant 27. The proviso theCompetent toSection20D(7)authorizes Authority, inexceptional granted. may thepermission withdraw Authority [Section20D(7)] WATER AND HERITAGE 97 ANNEXURE 98 ANNEXURE CITY LEVEL Project asperthe or unauthorized Act. discharge Government officers This willmake surethatheCentral Government who are found indulged inany ofthe Central actwhichis illegal made for theofficers andillegalactivitiesasperthe in unauthorized Act. Provision for severe punishmenthasalsobeen 39. andnonedares to indulge The penaltyhasbeen enhanced toensurethatitactsadeterrent orwithfine, whichmay forextendtothreeyears aterm imprisonment orboth[Section30C] takes placeinaprohibitedareaorregulatedarea,or reconstruction shallbepunishable with abstains fromdoing, permits, concealsorconnives atany actorthingwhereby any construction intooracquiescesinany agreementtodo, Government(iii) Ifanyenters officerofthecentral rupees orwithboth. orwithfine whichmay extendto one lakh years [Section30B] by thecompetentauthority,granted notexceedingtwo shallbepunishable withimprisonment orincontravention ofthepermission ofthecompetentauthority without previouspermission Sites andRemains(Amendment Validation) Act, 2010, intheregulatedarea any construction (ii) Whoever raises, onandafterthedatewhich Ancient Monuments and Archaeological orwithboth.one lakhrupees [Section30A] orwithfine whichmay notexceedingtwoshall bepunishableextendto years withimprisonment sites andRemains(Amendment Validation) Act 2010, intheprohibitedarea, any construction (i) Whoever raises, onandafterthedatewhich Ancient Monuments and Archaeological The penaltyprovision isasunder– monument andprotectedarea, now by the thepenalty hasbeenincorporated Amendment Act. 38. intheprohibitedandregulatedareaofprotected constructions Inrespectofunauthorized which itwasmoved. any suchcontravention torestoretheantiquityplacefrom may by orderdirectsuchperson of rupees orwithboth; conviction aperson with finewhichmay extendtoonelakh andthecourt whichmaysection (1)of25shallbepunishableor extendtotwo withimprisonment years (2) whomovesAny any person antiquityincontravention ofanotificationissuedundersub- also beenenhanced. or withboth, Similartosub-section(1)thepenaltyfor violationofsub-section(2)section30has whichmay extendtotwoimprisonment years,rupees, orwithfinewhichmay extendtoonelakh (iv) Doesany actincontravention ofsub-section(1)section19, shallbepunishable with other like object, or (iii) Removes fromaprotectedmonument any sculpture, carving, image, bas-relief, inscription, or section (1)of9orundersub-section10, or (ii) Beingtheowner oroccupier ofaprotectedmonument, undersub- contravenes anordermade (i) Destroys, removes, inquires, alters, defaces, ormisuseaprotectedmonument, imperils or – (1) WHOEVER rupees five thousandtoonelakhorwithbothinrespectofviolationsubsection andfineof years 37. Penalty undersection30ofthePrincipal Act hasbeenenhancedfromthreemonthstotwo andtoavoidmake thesystemtransparent any undueinconvenience tothepublic. orharassment tabling thesameineach HouseofParliament. [Section20E(7)]Thisprovision hasbeenmadeto monuments and Archaeological Sites andRemains out anyAct, repair, 1958 for carrying renovation any orother authority. court,tribunal Any rule, orderornotificationmadeunderthe Ancient protected monuments andprotectedareas have been heldasvalidandnotchallengeable in orbuilding intheprohibitedareasandregulatedof protectedofthe of thestructure ex-post-factoafter thecompletion orrepairrenovation exceptthosegranted re-construction Archaeological SitesandRemains(Amendment Validation) Act, or 2010for construction ofIndiabetween 16thJune,Survey 1992andtheenforcement ofthe Ancient Monuments and 43. As persection12ofthe Amendment Act, by the granted thepermissions Archaeological 1992in theOfficialGazette. and regulatedareasofthemonuments andsitesaftertheissueof thenotificationdated16thJune, outby theindividualsandpublic bodiesintheprohibited carried constructions on un-authorize tosharethedetails for thelocalbodies andotherauthorities This provision makes itmandatory made onandafter16thJune, 1992inallprohibitedareasandregulatedareas. [Section35B(2)] for identificationonofallconstructions fromthelocalbodiesandotherauthorities information 42. The DirectorGeneral, ofIndiahasbeengiven tocallfor powers Archaeological Survey areas oftheprotectedmonuments andprotectedareaswithoutapproval oftheDirectorGeneral. outintheprohibitedandregulated carried tofindoutthedetailsofconstructions departments Development authorities, andStateGovernment Central revenueandvarious authorities This isamajorexercise whichmay involve withPanchayats, alotofinteraction Municipalities, many omissionscouldbetherebecauseoflackpropermechanismandmanpower infrastructure. prohibited andregulatedareasofprotectedmonuments andsites, and thismay notbecorrect the Circlesof outinthe ASI may carried have constructions somedataonunauthorized Government. inrespectthereoftotheCentral [Section 35B(1)] time toareport Although, the 16thday ofJune, 1992inallprohibitedareasandregulatedand, thereafter, submitfrom India toidentifyorcausebeidentified, (ofwhatever nature)madeonandafter allconstruction 41. ofthe of upontheDirectorGeneral Archaeological Survey Responsibilityhasbeenentrusted Government. the Central bye-laws.heritage hastocompleteexercise withinatimetobespecifiedThe DirectorGeneral by of plans inrespectofeachprotectedmonument orprotectedareaisalsoessentialfor preparation fromtheCompetent without obtainingpermission Authority. ofdetailedsite The preparation activities construction regulated areassothatitiseasytfindoutifsomeonehasundertaken This exercise isessentialtodocumenttheexistinggroundconditionsinprohibitedareasand Authority. [Section35A(1)and(2)] Government andthe totheCentral to beconductedshallsubmittedby theDirectorGeneral whichmay bespecified government.plans withinaperiod by thecentral onthesurvey Areport detailedsite ofpreparing areas oftheprotectedmonuments andprotectedareasfor thepurpose tobeconductedinrespectofallprohibitedarearegulated orcausesurvey conduct asurvey 40. ofthe ofIndiahasbeenmaderesponsible to The DirectorGeneral Archaeological Survey andasperthe their functionswithutmostsincerity Act. WATER AND HERITAGE 99 ANNEXURE 100

ANNEXURE CITY LEVEL Project bad anddisappointingresult. temperature. show avery Unwanted differences in colours than metalhalidelampsassociatedwithcoloured filters. Allthelightsourceshave thesamecolour given by thedifferent colours typesofLEDs(ortheirRGBcombination)ismuch higher saturated If colouredlightingisdesired, theuseofLEDs. thebestchoiceisclearly Indeed, theefficacy of possible. distancetoilluminate), large (very theuseofahighoutputfluxLEDfixtureis now is necessary detailsofabuilding iseasytoachieve. Accent lightingtohighlightparticular When highpower possibilities for thiskindofsolution. In addition, thecompactnature ofthissourceanditsassociatedfloodlights provide interesting white LEDlightsourceisideally adaptedtothistypeofillumination. To ofthemonument by night, colours show thenatural theonly possibilityistousewhitelight. The Lightsources B.2 surroundings). locatedinbright material environment) upto300lux(for darker dark inarelatively from0to30lux(for illuminancelevelclearmaterial canrange The average vertical ofthesurroundings. andbrightness (brightness, beingthematerial dirtiness) the mostimportant illuminancelevel tobeachieved onthemonumentparameters, dependsonseveral The vertical nearby.drivers glare. beamfloodlights Narrow oriented,must beaccurately directions avoidingfor critical vehicle floodlights closetothemonument, theilluminationdesign is moredifficultduetothecontrolof for thecompleteillumination.Whenitisnotpossible toinstallthe 120°)isnecessary every When themonument canbeseenfromalldirections, (ideally aminimum ofthreeorientations floodlights areused for smallmonuments. moving around.Generally,potential problemsordrivers ofglare for pedestrians beam narrow In addition, placingsmallfloodlights closetothemonument willmake iteasiertocontrolany shadows thatwillperfectly reveal theshapesandvolume ofthemonument. enable the “wall washing” effect (like onbuilding façades)tobecreated, and providing contrasts When illuminatingamonument, itispreferable toinstallthelightingequipmentcloseit. This will requirements Photometric B.1 B. HOW TO LIGHTMONUMENTS 2010 shallalsonotbechallengeable inanyorotherauthority. court,tribunal of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological SitesandRemains(Amendment Validation) Act, any orpublic public projectbefore work thecommencement orundertaking work or construction narrow beamfloodlightsnarrow areideal. distancefromthemonument,When locatedatalarger buildings, onpolesorsurrounding into theground, fixed ontotheground, onthemonument structure, onsmallpoles, et To createawallwashlighting onamonuments, different optionsexist: floodlights canberecessed InstallationlayoutB.4 throughoutthelifetime performance oftheinstallation. photometric The chosenfloodlights shouldhave ahightightnessdegree(IP66), tomaintaintheinitial rectangular designfor different lightdistributions, linearmodulesfor wallwashingeffects, etc. with LEDsandcanhave different shapes, dependingontheilluminationneeds. Circularor In mostsituations, floodlights willbeusedtoilluminatemonuments. The floodlights areequipped Floodlights B.3 SOURCE:http://www.schreder.com/zh/learningcentre/howtolight/how-to-light-monuments WATER AND HERITAGE 101 ANNEXURE References 1. https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/QRUUiMQd 2. https://waterservicesolutions.wordpress.com/2012/10/30/water-shaping-human-civilization-since- the-beginning-of-time/ 3. STEPWELLS OF GUJARAT (1981)- Jutta Jain Neubauer

4. Delhi-A Thousand years of building by Lucy Peck INTRODUCTION 5. INVISIBLE CITY: The hidden monuments of Delhi- Rakshanda Jalil 6. STEPS TO WATER- Morna Livingston • 7. BAOLIS OF BUNDI- The ancient stepwells- INTACH • 8. www.competentauthoritydelhi.co.in

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fnYyh uxj dyk vk;ksx Delhi Urban Art Commission Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.duac.org

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