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1956 Bradley Report

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1956 Bradley Report Findings And Recommendations zn the United A REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON VETERANS' PENSIONS APRIL 1956 THE PRESIDENTS COMMISSION ON VETERANS' PENSIONS MEMBERS OMAR N. BRADLEY, Chairman CLARENCE G. ADAMY MARTIN D. JENKINS WILLIAM J. DONOVAN THEODORE S. PETERSEN PAUL R. HAWLEY JOHN S. THOMPSON STAFF E. M. BRANNON, Executive Director MICHAEL S. MARCH, Technical Adviser Professional Staff and Consutranrs THOMAS J. ALDUK RUSSELL L. LEONE RICHARD G. AXT CHARLES H. LEWIS GORDON R. BEYER JOHN W. McCONNELL VINCENT J. BROWNE ARTHUR L. MOORE THOMAS J. CANTY C. ESCO OBERMANN WILLIAM P. DILLINGHAM THOMAS H. PATTEN, JR. DONALD R. FARRAR GEORGE F. ROHRLICH THOMAS R. FISHER THEODORE ROSCOE JOSEPH B. GLENN J. HUGH ROSE DELPHIS C. GOLDBERG BARKEV SANDERS JAMES L. HARBAUGH HERMAN M. SOMERS JOHN B. HERMAN PAUL L. STANCHFIELD WILLIAM I. HERMAN HERBERT E. STATS W. WAYNE HIELD ROGER W. WALKER ALICE M. HILL LEO V. WARNER HESTER M. HOOD GEORGE H. WEBB MILTON G. JOHNSON EMERY C. WINE ANTHONY J. LANZA Administrative Staff NORMA LEE ALBRO MARGARET H. McMILLAN AGNES K. BENESH FRANCES V. MAURICH LILLIAN F. BLACK JOSEPH N. NEWMAN MAUREEN T. CANNING EUNICE PIGFORD S. MARILYN CURREY GERTRUDE E. RASMUSSEN WILLIAM N. DUDROW ALICE E. SPEES ROBERTA GRAHAM RUTH L. STEINER H. DOROTHY HENDERSON JOSEPHINE B. WHYTE KATHLEEN J. LYNAM LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL WASHINGTON,D. C., April 23,1956. DEARhl~. PRESIDENT: Your Commission on Veterans' Pensions, estab- lished by Executive Order No. 10588, of January 1955, herewith submits its final report, including findings and recommendations. The Commis- sion has attempted to carry out the instructions contained in your letter of March 5, 1955, to the chairman, and the timing is in accordance with the approved extension of the completion date. Existing veterans' benefit programs on the whole are working well and are being soundly administered. Veterans as a group are better off economi- cally than nonveterans. The Commission was especially impressed with the recent trend away from the old backward-looking pension philosophy. The present practice of assisting the veteran in his immediate readjustment to civil life is much more effective. A veteran now receives help when he needs it most. While the general situation is good, the Commission's studies did reveal some important weaknesses and inequities that can and should be corrected. One of the most serious is that under some of the programs benefits are not being channeled sufficiently to those who have sacrificed the most or whose needs are greatest. There is also a decided need for long-range program- ing and for coordination between related programs, especially between the veterans' non-service-connected pension program and the general social security programs. The Commission endeavored to base its conclusions on factual data. Since many of the necessary data were not available, a number of extensive surveys and special studies were undertaken. These covered the economic and social condition of veterans, their special problems, and the effective- ness of present benefit programs. The factual data assembled will be gen- erally available when the various factfinding studies are published as later parts of the report. The Commission also secured the views of the veterans' organizations. At the outset they were requested to submit suggestions and recommenda- tions. Later, extended conferences were held with representatives of the major organizations. We hope that the information collected will be used for the development of more effective and better coordinated programs for veterans. We also hope our report will contribute to a better understanding of veterans' affairs by all the people. Now that one-half of our whole population consists of veterans and servicemen and their families, and Federal veterans' expendi- tures are $4.5 billion annually, our national policy toward veterans concerns every citizen. The Commission wishes to acknowledge its great debt to the Veterans' Administration, Department of Defense, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and Department of Labor, for their wholehearted coopera- tion. These agencies all furnished valuable background information, made extensive studies, and loaned personnel. We wish also to acknowledge tke valuable assistance received from other agencies, including the Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Budget, Civil Service Commission, and General Accounting Office, and from the chair- man, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, and the committee staff, in the printing of the report. Respectfully yours, OMARN. BRADLEY,Chairman. CLARENCEG. ADAMY. WILLIAMJ. DONOVAN. PAULR. HAWLEY. TABLE OF CONTENTS MARTIND. JENKINS. Page THEODORES. PETERSEN. JOHNS. THOMPSON. PART I HIGHLIGHTS OF THE COMMISSION'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HIGHLIGHTSOF THE COMMISSION'SFINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.3 HISTORICALBACKGROUND OF VETERANS'PROGRAMS. ......... 6 BASIC FACTORS......................................... 7 GUIDELINESFOR THE FUTURE............................ 9 MAJORPROGRAMS ....................................... 13 THECOMMISSION'S PHILOSOPHY. ........................... 20 Page CHAPTERVII. SERVICE-CONNECTEDSURVIVOR BENEFITS, INCLUD- PART I1 THE COMMISSION'S FINDINGS AND RECOM- MENDATIONS Page CHAPTERI. INTRODUCTION:A NEW ERAIN VETERANS'BENE- FITS ................................... DEATHCOMPENSATION PAID BY THE VETER- THEPRESIDENT'S ASSIGNMENT TO THE COMMIS- ANS' ADMINISTRATION.................... SION ON VETERANS'PENSIONS.. ........... BENEFITSFOR RETIREDMILITARY PERSONNEL. How THE PRESIDENT'SCOMMISSION ON VETER- CHAPTERVIII. READJUSTMENTBENEFITS FOR WARVETERANS: THE ANS' PENSIONSAPPROACHED ITS TASK..... PROGRAMAS A WHOLE.................... THE COMMISSION'SPHILOSOPHY. ............ SCOPEAND VARIETYOF THE BENEFITSPRO- CHAPTER11. VETERANS'BENEFITS: PAST AND PRESENT....... THEDEVELOPMENT OF VETERANS' BENEFITS IN THE UNITEDSTATES.. .................. CONCEPTSOF THE READJUSTMENTBEN.EFIT THREEPERIODS IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF VET- PROGRAM.............................. ERANS' PROGRAMSIN THE UNITEDSTATES.. H~STORICALDEVELOPMENT OF THE READJUST- THE VETERANS'BENEFIT PROGRAMS TODAY. CHAPTER111. VETERANSIN OURSOCIETY.. ................. THE VETERANPOPULATION.. .............. THE ECONOMICAND SOCIALCHARACTERISTICS OF VETERANS.......................... Is MILITARYSERVICE A HANDICAP:WHAT DO THE VETERANSTHINK?. ................. ASSISTANCETO VETERANSFOLLOWING THEIR SEPARATIONFROM MILITARY SERVICE. .... ECONOMICAND SOCIALSTATUS OF VETERANS AT PRESENT............................ FUTUREPROGRAMS. ..................... CHAPTERIV. THE COSTOF VETERANS'PROGRAMS. .......... CHAPTERIX. REVIEWAND APPRAISALOF THE MAJORREAD- CHAPTERV. GUIDELINESFOR THE FUTURE................ JUSTMENT BENEFITPROGRAMS. ................ BASICFACTORS. .......................... READJUSTMENTALLOWANCES AND UNEMPLOY- GENERALPRINCIPLES. .................... MENT COMPENSATIONFOR VETERANS. ....... CHAPTERVI. COMPENSATIONFOR SERVICE-CONNECTEDDISABIL- TIES. ..................................... GUIDEPOSTSFOR IMPROVEMENT............. EVALUATIONAND RATINGOF DISABLEMENT.. OTHERFEDERAL DISABILITY PROGRAMS. .... RELATIONSHIPOF REHABILITATIONAND COM- PENSATION ............................. MILITARYDISABILITY RETIREMENT BENEFITS. Page CHAPTERX . BENEFITSFOR PEACETIMEEX.SERVICEMEN ....... 320 DEMOBILIZATION.......................... 322 ENTRYINTO SERVICE ..................... 323 PROFILEOF THE PEACETIMEEX.SERVICEMAN . 324 CONDITIONSOF MILITARYSERVICE .......... 325 BENEFITSFOR PEACETIMEEX-SERVICEMEN: BASICCONSIDERATIONS ................... SERVICE-CONNECTEDDISABILITY COMPENSA- TION AND DEATHBENEFITS .............. VOCATIONALREHABILITATION FOR SERVICE- CONNECTEDDISABILI~ .................. MEDICALAND HOSPITALCARE ............. VETERANS'INSURANCE ..................... MUSTERING-OUTPAY ...................... REEMPLOYMENTRIGHTS ................... EMPLOYMENTASSISTANCE AND RELATEDSERV- ICES ................................... PREFERENCEIN FEDERALEMPLOYMENT ...... UNEMPLOYMENTCOMPENSATION ............. EDUCATIONAND TRAININGBENEFITS ......... LOANBENEFITS FOR PEACETIMEEX-SERVICE- MEN ................................... NON-SERVICE-CONNECTEDPENSIONS .......... CHAPTERXI . NON-SERVICE-CONNECTEDPENSIONS ............. THEGENERAL SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS . RELATIONSHIPSBETWEEN THE VETERANS'AD- MINISTRATION PENSIONPROGRAM AND THE GENERALOASI PROGRAM............... VETERANS'PENSIONS AND PUBLICASSISTANCE . THE ROLEOF VETERANS'PENSIONS ......... METHODSOF COORDINATION............... LEVELOF PENSIONBENEFITS ............... CONDITIONSOF ELIGIBILITY................ ELIGIBILITYFOR SURVIVORPENSIONS ......... CURRENTPENSIONERS ..................... CHAPTERXI1 . DISCHARGEREQUIREMENTS FOR VETERANS'BENE- FITS ...................................... SERVICEMEN'SREADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1944 . DISCHARGES.............................. VETERANSIN PENALINSTITUTIONS .......... PART I. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE COMMISSION'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE COMMISSION'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The state of veterans' affairs in the United States is on the whole good. After many years of trial and error this country has developed reasonably successful methods for meeting the needs of its veterans. Veteians today are better off economically than nonveterans in comparable age groups. About 2 million disabled veterans are receiving liberal disability compensation and are in relatively good economic circumstances. The survivors of servicemen who died in line of duty
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