Monograph of Library & Information Science

Monograph of Library & Information Science Dr. Kanchan Kamila Dr. Biswajit Das i Dedicated To “Dripta” Who is no more ii Preface “Monograph of Library & Information Science” is a product of extensive efforts of several years. It is based on ‘”All in One” approach because it will be helpful for LIS students, scholars, and teachers as well as for NET/SET/SLET examinees, Library and Information Science (LIS) job oriented examinations and interviews. It includes almost each and every modern concept of LIS. This volume contains short and medium questions and answers of almost each and every modern concept of Library and Information Science which is not available in a single book ever published. We think the book will help a lot to our valued users. Any comments and suggestions from users’ community are most welcome. We are thankful to Prof. Narendra Lahkar, DLIS, Gauhati University; Dr. Shailendra Kumar, Associate Prof., DLIS, University of Delhi; Dr. Ashok Kumar, Librarian, MM University & Chief Editor, International Journal of Information Dissemination & Technology; Dr. Manoj Kr. Sinha, Associate Prof., Assam University, Silchar; Dr. Binod Behari Das, Ex‐Chief Librarian, Jadavpur University; Mr. Mriganka Mandal, Librarian, Kalyani University; Mr. Monilal Murmu, Chief Librarian In‐Charge; Jadavpur University; Mr. Saptarshi Ghosh, HOD, Dept. of LIS, NBU; Dr. Subarna K. Das, HOD & Associate Prof., Jadavpur University; Mr. Soumitra Biswas, Asstt. Librarian, University BT & Evening College, Cooch Behar; Mr. Tuhin Kanti Sanyal, Asst. Prof. (English), Tufanganj College; Mr. Prafulla Kr. Pal, Asstt. Librarian, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya; Mr. Janardan Roy, Former Asstt. Librarian, The University of Burdwan; and our family members. Authors iii Monograph of LIS 1. What are the barriers of information communication? Or,State the barriers of communication. Barriers encountered by communicator: 1. Political factors 2. Financial constraints 3. Time lag 4. Language 5. Lack of feedback/Noise Barriers encountered by receiver: 1. Heavy cost of communication 2. Employers’ policy 3. Channels 4. Lack of availability of recorded form 5. Procedural delay 6. Impact of information explosion 7. Lack of economic and social support 8. Ignorance of users 2. “Information as a commodity” – explain. (Or, Discuss how information act as a resource?) Treating “Information as a commodity” means treating it as: 1. Something of fundamental value; 2. Specifiable and measurable characteristics; 3. An input which can be transferred into outputs; 4. An expense for which standard cost can be developed; 5. That presents to top management a variety of development choices. 3. What are the prerequisites/factors of resource sharing? 1. Financial support; 1 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS 2. Controlling body/organization for proper management (i.e., regular maintenance, updating, accelerating search efficiency etc.); 3. Standardization of rules etc. and/or quality control; 4. Resolution of copyrights, liability rates etc.; 5. Network operational evaluation; 6. Technological support (including Internet connectivity); 7. Freedom of every institution/organization. 4. What are the functions/activities of IFLA? 1. To promote international understanding, co‐operation, discussion, research and development in LIS; 2. Promoting continuing education of library personnel; 3. To provide an organization through which Library and Information Science, System and Services can be represented in matters of international interest; 4. To develop, promote and maintain guidelines for various types of library activities. 5. Describe E‐Document. Electronic document includes E‐Database, E‐Book/Wiki Book, E‐ journal, E‐Audio/E‐Music, E‐News, Data/GIS, E‐Newsletter, Digital Library Project, E‐Exhibition, E‐Subject Guide, E‐Newsletter, E‐White Paper, E‐ conference Proceeding, E‐Report, E‐Studies, E‐Interesting Development, E‐ Directory, Web Search Tool etc. 6. Distinguish between Information Source and Information Resource. Sl. Information Source Sl. Information Resource No. No. 1 Non‐expandable 1 Expandable 2 Non‐compressible 2 Compressible 3 Non‐substitutable 3 Substitutable 4 Non‐transferable 4 Transferable 5 Non‐Diffusive 5 Diffusive 6 Not shareable 6 Shareable 7 Informational value 7 Fundamental value 2 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS 8 Measurable through 8 Measurable through bibliometric impact study growth rate 9 Used to gather information 9 An input 7. What is faceted classification? Scheme of classification involving the analysis of a subject into its facets in the idea plane, transformation in the verbal plane, translation from the focal terms in the verbal plane to the focal numbers in the notational plane, and the synthesis of the focal numbers into class numbers in the notational plane. 8. Distinguish/ differentiate between pre‐coordinate & post coordinate indexing. Sl. Pre‐coordinate Indexing Sl. No. Post‐coordinate No. Indexing 1 Co‐ordination of index terms 1 Co‐ordination of index is being decided before the terms is being take place user’s request. after the user’s request. 2 There is no other name. 2 It is also called co‐ ordinate indexing. 3 Simple subjects are indexed. 3 Compound subjects are indexed. 4 Complex to produce. 4 Simple to produce because the responsibility of co‐ ordination of index terms shifts to the searcher 5 Chain, PRECIS, POPSI are the 5 Uniterm, KWIC, KWOC, examples. KWAC etc. are the examples. 9. Distinguish between system approach and system analysis. 3 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS Sl. System Approach Sl. System Analysis No. No. 1 Management approach 1 Management tool for system evaluation 2 Interrelated components/sub‐ 2 Total system system 3 Goal achievement 3 Goal/objective analysis 4 Having a boundary/area 4 Total area 5 An environment 5 Total environment 6 Some objectives 6 Mass objectives 7 Analysis is not the part of it 7 Component analysis, attribute analysis, classificatory analysis are the main tasks 8 Particular goal achievement is 8 Acquiring deeper the objective knowledge, better system design, better system design, theory development are the objectives 9 It is governed by the total 9 Based on General System system Theory 10 Not considered for other 10 Can be considered for Study subject study 11 Time saving is implied 11 Time saving device 12 Cost saving is implied 12 Decreases the operational cost 10. What is CIP? CIP or Cataloging in Publication is basic cataloguing data for a work, prepared in advance of publication by the national library of the country where the work is principally published or by the public or private publishing organization. Library of Congress was started this programme in January 1971. It is being located in the back of the title page. 11. What is WWW? 4 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, a user views Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. 12. What is Search Engine? A Web search engine is a search engine (e.g., Google, yahoo, Alta Vista, Dog pile, Collarity, Healia, Huckbuck, Hot daddy, iBoogie, IncyWincy, Jatalla, Kahzam, Kosmix, Mojeek, Opsdo, Quintura, Scandoo, Search Medica, WebFetch, WebWobot, Whonu, WordIQ, Yurnet, Zepti, Zoo, Lycos etc.) designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. Information may consist of web pages, images and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in newsgroups, databases, or open directories. The search engine is a tool which helps in the retrieving information from the Internet. It is programmed in such a way what it indexes the web and accordingly builds their databases. When the query has entered in the search engine, it checks its index with the query. Then relevant matches are retrieved and returned as ‘hits’ or ‘search results’. In other words search engine acts as a searchable index of web pages of the world. 13. What is User Education? User education and training has been defined in a generic way to include any effort or programme which will guide and instruct existing and potential users, individually or collectively, with the objectives of facilitating: a. The recognition of their own information needs; b. The formulation of these needs; c. The effective and efficient use of information services as well as; d. The assessment of the services. 14. What is Cost Benefit Analysis/Cost Effectiveness/Cost Effective Analysis? 5 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS Cost Benefit Analysis is an economic tool to aid social decision‐ making. The costs and benefits of the impacts of an intervention are evaluated in terms of the public's willingness to pay for them (benefits) or willingness to pay to avoid them (costs). 15. Distinguish between Applied Research and Basic Research. (Or, what are the difference between Basic Research and Applied Research?) Sl. Basic/Pure Research Sl. Applied Research No. No. 1 Aims to contribute to theory 1 Aims to solve or improve a and techniques of the problem. discipline 2 Studies any problem 2 Studies problem with important social consequence 3 Studies a problem usually 3. Often several disciplines from the focus of the collaborate for solving the discipline. problem 4 Restricts to research only 4 Often it solved in action or administration, not only in research 5 Requirement mainly 5 Requires also a sense of technical judgement what the situation and personalities can bear 6 Look for the basic process 6 Looks for any variable which makes the desired difference 7 Reports in technical 7 Reports in common language of the discipline. language 8 Tries to say why things 8 Tries to say how things can happen? be changed? 9 Content with small 9 Interested in important differences if statistically differences significant 16. What is Open Access Initiatives? 6 Dr. Kanchan Kamila & Dr. Biswajit Das Monograph of LIS Peter Suber (2002) an ardent advocate of the open access movement defines open access as “online access to scientific article without charge to readers or libraries.

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