VOL. 4 NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2018
DANIELLE GEORGE believes kids need more engineering BRIGHT role models SPARK Wind speed Star power Sun, surf “These are This sustainable and sharks boats where you development in Engineering can show off Perth is a hit solutions to your talent” with the locals prevent attacks AWARD WINNING LIFE INSURANCE FOR ENGINEERS
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Engineers_FP_Feb_v2.indd 1 5/1/18 3:46 pm AWARD WINNING | THE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 LIFE INSURANCE
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create is the official magazine for members of Engineers Australia
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Printed by: BlueStar Group NobleOak has been around for 140 years fi nding better ways to protect Australians just like Mailed by: D&D Mailing Cover image: Pal Hansen you. You’ll receive comprehensive cover at a competitive price with no surprises at claim time. ISSN 2205-5983 You’ll save an average of 21%* depending on your level of cover compared to buying cover through an adviser or other direct insurers. When you choose NobleOak, you’re choosing a www.palhansen.com / Hansen Pal Photo: 36 Opinions expressed by contributors are their own CONTENTS except where they are specifically stated to be the trusted award winning insurer with experience and client service that’s second to none. views of Engineers Australia. Engineers Australia retains copyright for this publication. Written Cover story “We shouldn’t hide the fact that permission is required for the reproduction of any Call 1300 108 490 or visit www.nobleoak.com.au/engineers Professor of Radio Frequency Engineering of its content. All articles we are curious, and I think that’s are general in nature and to fi nd out how much you could save. Danielle George has helped develop tools a good thing.” readers should seek expert to map the universe, presented TV advice before acting on any information contained science programs and founded a recycled - DANIELLE GEORGE, here in. *The fi rst month free offer is available if you apply for cover before 30 March 2018 and you will not start paying premiums until one month after the commencement date of the cover. This offer is available once only per new customer and may robot orchestra. MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY not be used in conjunction with any other offer. The savings quoted are the average savings when comparing NobleOak’s premiums for its Term Life cover under NobleOak’s Premium Life Direct to the average cost of Term Life insurance products offered by other life insurance companies, including products available directly from the insurer and those available for purchase through a fi nancial adviser or broker. Full details on the premium comparison are available on our website. Premium Life Direct is issued by NobleOak Life Limited ABN 85 087 648 708 AFSL No. 247302. Before you purchase an insurance product you should carefully consider the PDS to decide if it is right for you. The PDS is available by calling NobleOak on 1300 108 490 or from http://www.nobleoak.com.au. Clients should not cancel any existing life insurance policy until they have been informed in writing that their replacement cover is in place. NobleOak cannot provide you with personal advice but ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 3 our staff may provide general information about NobleOak Life insurance. By supplying your contact details, you are consenting to be contacted by NobleOak, in accordance with NobleOak’s Privacy Policy.
Engineers_FP_Feb_v2.indd 1 5/1/18 3:46 pm maxon flat motor: High torque, low price.
maxon flat motor When it’s a tight fit.
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210x275.indd 2 04.07.2017 14:34:43 | THE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018
Engineers Australia 6 PRESIDENT’S AND CEO’S MESSAGE 7 YOUR SAY maxon flat motor: 75 CALENDAR High torque, low price. NEWS 9 New Engineers Australia National President Trish White 10 Patient trials to begin for bionic eye 12 Control system can double the 22 26 energy extracted from waves 14 Should parents get more leave for school holidays? 16 Carbon fibre now being manufactured in Australia 18 How to develop talent for defence sector INSIGHT 21 Public vs Private in infrastructure construction 22 Business and industry groups could back the proposed National Energy Guarantee TECHNOLOGY 26 Technology employed to CONTENTS 46 reduce shark attacks 76 Technology Watch: Four of maxon flat motor the latest innovations EDUCATION 36 COVER STORY: Danielle George wants to inspire When it’s a tight fit. engineers of the future to solve the big challenges CONSTRUCTION 46 Setting the standard for green public works INNOVATION 54 The engineering behind some of the fastest sailing boats in 54 68 the world For uses where space is at a premium, maxon pancake (flat) motors maxon motor is the world’s leading supplier of high-precision DC PEOPLE provide the optimal solution: Ø 9.2 to 90mm, 0.2 to 90 watts. It’s motors, gearheads, encoders and accessories. maxon motor stands not only the pancake motor design and the simple construction for customer specific solutions, high quality, innovation, competitive 62 BAE Systems sent Edward Cox that make them outstanding it is also their performance and price. pricing and a worldwide distribution network. to Glasgow to develop his skills You can choose maxon pancake motors with integrated electronics, ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA on leading warships encoders and gearheads. 68 Chief Defence Scientist Alex Unit 1, 12-14 Beaumont Road, Mount Kuring-Gai, NSW, 2080 Tel + 61 2 9457 7477 www.maxonmotor.com.au engineersaustralia.org.au Zelinsky discusses innovation in the defence sector Check out our weekly newsletter – your best resource for 78 In the create spotlight is the latest news, events, policies, continuing education Naomi Simson, founder of and career-related information. RedBalloon and judge/investor on TV’s Shark Tank
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 5
210x275.indd 2 04.07.2017 14:34:43 INSIGHT FROM ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA
FROM THE NATIONAL PRESIDENT & THE CEO Can you help inspire the next generation of engineers? As engineers we all have a role to play in attracting curious and creative young people into engineering careers.
Many engineers recall being curious at a young four-page profile of Jacqui Savage, a biomedical age, taking things apart to see how they work, engineer, focusing on engineering as real- constantly asking questions of teachers and world problem solving. It also covered the parents. This curiosity, this thirst to know more, time Jacqui spends with high school students to understand and to make things better is often breaking down stereotypes – explaining that the hallmark of a budding engineer. engineering is Snapchat and Instagram as well Yet market research commissioned by as hard hats and building sites – and showing Engineers Australia found that an engineering how engineers impact everybody’s lives. career is often suggested only to those who show In August, Engineers Australia launched the an affinity for maths and science. Engineering STAR portal in partnership with the Office of is not widely associated with a broader range of the Chief Scientist, an online resource full of knowledge and skills. Our research also found STEM-related activities for children, parents that young people find it hard to get a good and teachers with the intent of engaging more understanding of what engineering is really like. children in engineering. Beyond this, our Many engineers had a close relative working in STEM activities across Australia reach tens of engineering who was a significant influence on thousands of students each year. We are also their career choice. But what of those children calling on engineering employers to do more without engineers in the family? Who are their to recruit and retain women in engineering engineering role models? How can we open their roles – another way in which we can provide a eyes to the opportunities in engineering? diverse range of role models to inspire the next Danielle George, this month’s create cover star, generation of engineers. is a Professor at Manchester University in the UK So how can you help? As engineers we all and a science presenter for the BBC. Through have a role to play in promoting engineering as these roles she seeks to inspire engineers of the an exciting career that truly improves people’s future to solve the big, global challenges we face. lives. You could visit schools to talk about Engineers Australia is also working hard to your career, or even better, to showcase the Are you promote the benefits of an engineering career to things you have created and the impact you ready to young people and their influencers. Our media have had on society. You can share stories of inspire profile has grown exponentially over the past 18 engineering’s impact on the world with friends Australia’s months and we have made a deliberate effort to and family members and you can volunteer to future reach out beyond the engineering community, support Engineers Australia’s STEM activities. engineering to the wider public. For example, in December we Are you ready to inspire Australia’s future talent?” worked with The Weekend Australian to create a engineering talent?
Trish White FIEAust CPEng EngExec NER Peter McIntyre FIEAust CPEng EngExec NER APEC Engineer IntPE(Aus), National President APEC Engineer IntPE(Aus), Chief Executive Officer [email protected] [email protected]
6 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU YOUR SAY
The feature articles in create magazine often encourage further debate and discussion. Here is a recent submission we received.
SAFETY STANDARDS risk’ in the rural areas of Thailand is nothing like we I am writing to share my experience with construction would accept in Sydney. It must be remembered that in work in developing communities, with particular Sydney in the not so distant past it was not uncommon reference to safety. In 2006 I developed an elective to lay bricks overhand on three storey walk ups without subject called ‘Construction for Developing scaffolding, nor was fall protection required on roofs, so Communities’ while a Senior Lecturer at UTS in ‘acceptable risk’ is a continuously evolving concept even the Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building. in developed countries. This elective was principally developed for Building If I did these projects again, I would give more attention students but was also open to Architecture, Design and to trying to get the locals to change to safer work Engineering students. As part of the elective, students were required to carry out a week of construction work in less privileged communities. The work the students In 2007 I led a mixed group of 30 students to Fiji did was well received by where they constructed and clad the frame of a the communities.” house and formed and poured a large set of mass concrete stairs leading to a church. A similar project was undertaken in Thailand in 2008 and in 2009 I took a group of 60 students to the Areyonga Aboriginal community west of Alice Springs, where various construction works were carried out, including a poured earth display building. The students were all required to get a white (green) practices, but this was not possible in the timeframe we card, and had to wear hard hats and safety boots were working to. I was also a bit disappointed in that we on site. Prior to leaving they were required to do a were not able to integrate the local workforce into our risk analysis of the activities they could be expected teams because of liability concerns. to perform, although it was not always possible to On the positive side, the work the students did was anticipate exactly what we were going to do in some well received by the communities and provided the cases because of organisational problems. students with an insight into the problems of working in The approach I took to safety on site was to always less privileged communities. assess the work to be performed by the students to I am happy to report that in all these projects there make sure that any risk there was was acceptable and were no injuries of any consequence, except for one when high risk work was involved, I either did it myself or student who injured his leg in a fall on a gravel pitch left it up to the local workforce. This is not to say that I whilst playing Aussie Rules with the local Indigenous viewed the safety of the locals any less important than youths in Areyonga! Should I have stopped him playing? my students, but was an acceptance of the reality that the work would be done in that manner whether we KEVAN HEATHCOTE Kevan Heathcote & Associates were involved or not. What is considered ‘acceptable
Do you know of an exciting project we should write about? Is there an outstanding engineer in your midst? Are you working on an innovative technology, which you’d like to welcomes share with your fellow members? Are there engineers out feedback there doing their bit to help the community? Do you want to comment on an article you’ve read in create? from the Email [email protected] and we’ll be community pleased to consider your suggestions.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 7 save the date
ICC SYDNEY 17 - 19 September 2018
DISCOVER HOW ENGINEERING WILL TRANSFORM IN THE YEARS AHEAD, GAIN INSIGHTS INTO THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN YOUR FIELD AND ENSURE YOU STAY AT THE FOREFRONT OF YOUR PROFESSION. • Scope future trends to prepare for the next wave of digital disruption • Join exclusive off-site visits to Sydney’s most iconic and ambitious engineering projects • Future-proof your career with insights into artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and other leading-edge technologies • Understand technology ethics: how humans will interact with AI and robots BE INSPIRED BY INDUSTRY PIONEERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD INCLUDING: • Ray Kurzweil, Futurist and Head Engineer, Google • Michael McAllum, Director, Global Foresight • Geoffrey Robertson QC, Human Rights lawyer and host of Hypothetical • Jonar Nader, Digital Age Philosopher, Author and Principal, Logictivity • Tim Chapman, Leader, Infrastructure Design Group, Arup Group Limited
REGISTER YOUR INTEREST TODAY AT AUSENGCON.COM.AU AND BE THE FIRST TO HEAR WHEN CONFERENCE TICKETS ARE RELEASED.
ausengcon.com.au save NEWS the date Extending influence New Engineers Australia National President Trish White wants the profession to play a bigger role in nation building.
As National President for 2018, what us step up and be part of those debates and that experience will you bring to your new role? decision making. I bring the combination of my experiences as an engineering executive, cabinet minister, business What are your plans to draw the best and consultant and professional company director, brightest minds to engineering? working across many industries. We really need to inspire people and promote I perform at my best when I also focus on the profession as a strong career option. We bringing the talent of others to the fore. have to imagine what the future of engineering can be for the country, our communities and ICC SYDNEY What do you see as the key challenges for then strongly encourage the talent to consider engineers right now? it as a career. 17 - 19 September 2018 We must remain relevant as a profession. There We've got significant problems with is a national focus on innovation and the role the sheer lack of numbers of young of engineers is critical as we transform our people studying the subjects they DISCOVER HOW ENGINEERING WILL TRANSFORM IN economy and ensure a sustainable future; need to enter engineering courses. unless we want a future defined solely by Also, we've got to retain those THE YEARS AHEAD, GAIN INSIGHTS INTO THE LATEST bankers, accountants and lawyers. We must people once we train them. In this DEVELOPMENTS IN YOUR FIELD AND ENSURE YOU envision our desired future, explain what value country we import many more STAY AT THE FOREFRONT OF YOUR PROFESSION. engineers can bring to that vision and then engineers than we train in our • Scope future trends to prepare for the next wave of digital disruption inspire engineering talent by generating real institutions, and only 12 per cent excitement for the immense possibilities. of our engineering workforce is • Join exclusive off-site visits to Sydney’s most iconic and ambitious I also want to strengthen the relationship women. So there's a huge amount of engineering projects of Engineers Australia with industry, talent there currently untapped. • Future-proof your career with insights into artificial intelligence (AI), academia, government and Part of my role as National robotics and other leading-edge technologies the community so that our President of Engineers • Understand technology ethics: how humans will interact independent technical advice is of Australia is to get with AI and robots heard and valued. people excited about New technology is the profession and BE INSPIRED BY INDUSTRY PIONEERS FROM disrupting industry show them what an AROUND THE WORLD INCLUDING: everywhere, reshaping engineering career can • Ray Kurzweil, Futurist and Head Engineer, Google business models, and do for the community engineers are increasingly and their own career. • Michael McAllum, Director, Global Foresight relevant and important. • Geoffrey Robertson QC, Human Rights lawyer and host of Hypothetical Yet, when I look around the boardrooms and • Jonar Nader, Digital Age Philosopher, Author and Principal, Logictivity As a cabinets of this country, profession, I'd • Tim Chapman, Leader, Infrastructure Design Group, Arup Group Limited where decisions like to see us about infrastructure step up and REGISTER YOUR INTEREST TODAY AT AUSENGCON.COM.AU spending and setting AND BE THE FIRST TO HEAR WHEN CONFERENCE TICKETS policies regarding jobs lead those key ARE RELEASED. are made, I’ve got to debates for ask, ‘why aren't there better decision more engineers?’. As a making." profession, I'd like to see ausengcon.com.au ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 9 NEWS
BIONIC EYE TRIALS
French bionic vision company Pixium Vision has received approval to start a feasibility clinical study of its wireless subretinal implant, Prima, in patients with advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (dry-AMD). The Prima implant is a micro photovoltaic Vision in close collaboration with numerous chip just 2 mm in size and 30 microns thick. It physicians and scientists, Prima enters an is equipped with 378 electrodes and implanted exciting phase of its development, with a first under the retina via a minimally-invasive patient expected to be implanted before year surgical procedure. end. With ageing population dynamics, The implant converts pulsed near infrared advanced dry-AMD is a leading cause invisible light signal received from the external of irreversible vision loss with currently glasses with an integrated mini-camera into estimated over four million people without electrical signals transmitted to the brain via the approved treatment option making it a optic nerve. significant unmet medical need." The clinical study is designed to evaluate DryAMD is the most prevalent form of the tolerance of Prima and to demonstrate Age-related Macular Degeneration. Prima the evoked central visual perception among is also intended to be evaluated at a later patients who have lost their sight due to atrophic stage for treatment of vision loss from advanced dry-AMD. The study is planned to Retinitis Pigmentosa. recruit five patients with interim evaluation at a six-month follow-up and a longer term follow-up to 36 months. The study will be conducted at LOCAL COMPETITION Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild and Hôpital des Quinze-Vingt in Paris. Bionic Vision Technologies (BVT) grew out of the Bionic Vision “The approval of the clinical study is a Australia project, a consortium of universities and research institutes, significant advance for the Prima system, our looking to develop prostheses to restore vision to the blind. next generation wireless subretinal implant Like the Pixium technology, BVT uses a camera attached to a pair system, as well as for Pixium Vision," said Pixium of glasses, an externally worn vision processing unit and an electrode
CEO Khalid Ishaque. array implanted behind the retina. Photos: Pixium "Conceived initially by the researchers at In April 2017, it announced it had raised $23.5 million and would soon Stanford University, and successfully developed be starting clinical trials. through to clinical stage by our team at Pixium
10 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU
NEWS
A team from the Sandia National the devices moved in an ocean-like Laboratories in the US are using environment to create a numerical a combination of modeling and model of their device. experimental testing to refine how CREST Using this model, they wrote and a wave energy converter moves and OF THE applied multiple control algorithms responds in the ocean to capture to see if the converter could capture wave energy while also considering more energy. The control system how to improve the resiliency of the uses a feedback loop to respond device in a harsh ocean environment. WAVE to the behaviour of the device by “We are working to create taking measurements 1000 times methodologies and technologies that per second to continuously refine private companies can harness to the movement of the buoy in create wave energy devices that will response to the variety of waves. The enable them to sell power to the US team developed multiple control grid at a competitive price,” Sandia algorithms for the buoy to follow and engineer Ryan Coe said. then tested which control system “By getting more energy out of the yielded the best results. same device, we can reduce the cost “Controls is a pretty big field,” of energy from that device.” said another Sandia engineer Their wave energy converter is Dave Patterson. a large one-tonne ocean buoy with “You can operate anything from motors, sensors, and an onboard planes to cars to walking robots. computer built at a scaled-down Classical control theory Different controls will work better for size for a testing environment. combined with robotics different machines, so a large part Commercial wave energy converters of this project is figuring out which can be large and are generally part of and aerospace double control algorithm works and how a group of devices, like a wind farm the amount of power a to design your system to best take with multiple turbines. wave energy converter advantage of those controls.” “These devices can be in open Results from numerical modeling ocean and deep water, maybe 50 to can absorb from waves. with the control algorithms showed 100 miles off the coast,” said Coe. a large potential, so the team took “An array of wave energy converters, maybe the converter to a US Navy facility in Maryland 100 devices, connected to an underwater Sandia water to test the new control methods in an ocean-like transmission line would send the wave energy power engineers, environment. The team ran a baseline test to back to shore for consumption on the grid.” left to right, Dave see how the converter performed with a simple Patterson, Ryan To capture energy from the ocean’s waves, a control system directing its movements and Coe, and Giorgio wave energy converter moves and bobs in the Bacelli inspect actions. Then they ran a series of tests to study water, absorbing power from waves when they the wave energy how the various control algorithms they had generate forces on the buoy. Sandia’s previous converter buoy. designed affected the ability of the device to
testing focused on studying and modeling how absorb energy. Photo: Randy Montoya/Sandia
12 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU
NEWS
I think it's smart business sense for companies to look at other ways to make themselves more attractive employers."
Flexitime Should parents get more leave to be an industry first, we will be able to target for school holidays? an extensive network of parents and guardians who are seeking flexibility to manage Engineering company AECOM has announced Top: AECOM childcare responsibilities.” plans for a new type of working contract giving Director of Oil AECOM's Human Resources Director for employees 12 weeks leave a year so they can and Gas for ANZ ANZ, Helen Fraser, said she regularly speaks spend every school holiday with their children. Ashley Lang on with women who discuss the challenges school holiday with The program is being launched in holidays bring and she believes there is no her children. partnership with the FlexCareers organisation. doubt that many stop working because it is Inset: AECOM The new term-time contracts will be available Construction just too hard to manage the 12 weeks of school to anyone responsible for school-aged children Services MD holidays each year. including foster-carers and grandparents. Nicole Stoddart “This arrangement will take that worry away While AECOM hopes that men will take the (back) on holiday for people," she said. "Piloting the term-time opportunity to spend the holidays with their with her family in contracts with up to 20 roles across Australia New Zealand. children, where AECOM hope to make the and New Zealand initially gives AECOM 12 biggest impact is encouraging women who months to test and refine it with our clients, our may have given up on a career in engineering, people and professional women.” to come back and give it another chance. Engineers Australia National President “There is a significant pool of talent who Trish White said childcare is an issue for a lot have stepped away from our industry because of parents. "It's the costs surrounding it, it's they were unable to nurture their families and the availability that really do influence those
their careers at the same time," said AECOM decisions," said White. Chief Executive for Australia and New Zealand "I think it's smart business sense for Photos: AECOM Todd Battley. companies to look at other ways to make "That no longer has to be the case. By themselves more attractive employers and working with FlexCareers, on what we believe attractive workplaces."
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16 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU ADVERTISEMENT
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AUCKLAND SYDNEY 9 April 2018 18 April 2018 www.trybooking.com/TFEB www.trybooking.com/SHYP CHRISTCHURCH 11 April 2018 BRISBANE www.trybooking.com/TFEO 19 April 2018 www.trybooking.com/SQAA MELBOURNE 17 April 2018 www.trybooking.com/book/ event?eid=321095& For more information on BricsCAD V18 go to www.bricsys.com NEWS
individual productivity tools, and while these tools won’t disappear, there’s been a lot more emphasis on less styled approaches. There is also a much greater emphasis on data, not just in the CAD world, but in all the different data sets that are dealt with throughout the lifecycle of a project, he said. “I think as a company we are trying to position ourselves and getting ready for a new era of research and development and manufacturing that has a lot more collaboration among different groups and different domain specialists,” Konno said. ”You’re not just looking at a product and features anymore, you’re really CPEng looking at a jet, or a city, or a car, or a ship, and it’s built upon systems, but it’s also interacting with the environment.” Respect in 8mm This leads to various other questions, such as the effect on the environment and how it interacts with people. “As a 3D experience company, when we refer to those experiences, it’s really understanding the interaction of these devices or machines or airplanes … and the interaction between that and a human and the environment,” Konno said.
Interconnectedlearning “So there are a lot of things to consider when you’re making a solution – you’re not really just How to develop talent for building a product based on specifications, but Australia's defence sector. you’re really building it on user experiences.” While this may entail a shift for students, French company Dassault Systèmes and Konno said it will be natural for them because the University of Adelaide have signed a of how the new generation uses data, interacts memorandum of understanding to implement with it and how socially connected they are. specialised industry-focused curriculum for This has meant companies, including the university’s engineering students. Dassault Systèmes, are trying to keep up with The aim of the partnership is to help develop the speed of the youth and all the numerous engineering talent with industry-ready skills ways they communicate with each other. who can work in the defence sector in South But he would also like to see traditional Australia and the rest of the world. industries adopt technology more quickly. The partnership will enable the university to develop new academic programs aligned with industry requirements. For example, students THE "NEW" MODEL will have the ability to automate and share Sox Konno said it’s an exciting time for South protocols that they’re making among other Australia because the government and universities groups, as well as use different simulation are not trying to shift their focus to specialise in technologies and data analytic tools. just one new industry. Engineering education is undergoing "What I'm excited about is that it's actually some major changes in Australia, with new innovation, digital innovation, IT technology that is technologies having an impact on what and going to cross industries," he says. "We will go from how subjects are taught. music to fashion to just anything that is purely on Sox Konno, Managing Director AP South at the innovation side." Dassault Systèmes, said the focus used to be on EARN YOUR STATUS AS A CHARTERED ENGINEER
18 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU CPEng
Respect in 8mm
EARN YOUR STATUS AS A CHARTERED ENGINEER NEWS
Having flexibility has the potential to impart significantly improved safety, simply because it makes it easier to transit through the GI tract.”
Traverso teamed up with MIT Assistant Professor Canan Dagdeviren, who previously developed flexible electronic devices such as a wearable blood pressure sensor and flexible Gut mechanical energy harvesters. To make this sensor, Dagdeviren first fabricated electronic circuits on a silicon wafer containing two electrodes: a gold electrode instinct placed atop a piezoelectric material called PZT, Monitor your fitness from the inside. and a platinum electrode on the underside of the PZT. Once the circuit is fabricated, it can A team from MIT and Brigham and Women’s be removed from the silicon wafer and printed Hospital (BWH) have built a flexible sensor onto a flexible polymer called polyimide. that can be rolled up and swallowed. Upon The ingestible sensor that the researchers ingestion, the sensor adheres to the stomach Assistant designed for this study is 2 by 2.5 cm and can be wall or intestinal lining, where it can measure Professor Canan rolled up and placed in a capsule that dissolves the rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract. Dagdeviren (left) after being swallowed. Such a sensor could help doctors diagnose and researcher In tests in pigs, the sensors successfully gastrointestinal (GI) disorders that slow down Giovanni Traverso adhered to the stomach lining after being the passage of food through the digestive tract, prepare to try delivered endoscopically. Through external their ingestible or helping doctors to monitor food intake by cables, the sensors transmitted information sensors. patients being treated for obesity. about how much voltage the The flexible devices are based piezoelectrical sensor generated, from on piezoelectric materials, which which the researchers could calculate generate a current and voltage when how much the stomach wall was they are mechanically deformed. moving, as well as distinguish when They also incorporate polymers with food or liquid were ingested. elasticity similar to human skin. In the future, they plan to harvest “Having flexibility has the potential some of the energy generated by the to impart significantly improved piezoelectric material to power other safety, simply because it makes it features, including additional sensors easier to transit through the GI tract,” and wireless transmitters. Such devices says Giovanni Traverso, a biomedical would not require a battery, further engineer at BWH. improving their potential safety.
20 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU SNAPSHOT PUBLIC vs PRIVATE Spending statistics on infrastructure construction in Australia show a marked difference between the public and private sectors.
$bn PUBLIC $bn PRIVATE 12 , 422
Road construction was the big driver in public sector infrastructure spending for 2016-17, while telecommunications led the way for the private sector. Note: the distinction between public and private relates to who owns and
6003 operates the asset when completed. 4886 4854 4384 3808 3080 1775 1652 1017 844 808 660 542 486 329 135 17
ROADS TELECOMMS RAILWAYS ELECTRICITY WATER SEWERAGE BRIDGES HARBOURS PIPELINES
INFRASTRUCTURE 35
CONSTRUCTION 30 A few years back, investment in 25 harbours, pipelines and water saw 20 the private sector outspend the public but that has since 15 fallen off. 10 PUBLIC 5 PRIVATE
$bn 1990-911991-921992-931993-941994-951995-961996-971997-981998-991999-002000-01 2001-022002-032003-042004-052005-062006-072007-082008-092009-102010-112011-122012-132013-142014-152015-162016-17
Source data: Engineering Construction on Infrastructure, Engineers Australia, November 2017 November Australia, Engineers on Infrastructure, Construction Engineering data: Source
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 21 POWERING AHEAD Business and industry groups sustainability, customer demand, and cost. The could back the proposed Government plans to adopt the NEG instead of the Clean Energy Target (CET) recommended by National Energy Guarantee if it Chief Scientist Dr Alan Finkel in his June report: provides investment certainty. Independent Review into the Future Security of the By Nadine Cranenburgh. National Energy Market. The Finkel Report was commissioned in 2016 in response to issues including a blackout across South hen Prime Minister Malcolm Australia during extreme weather conditions; the Turnbull announced the National closure of the Hazelwood power station in Victoria; Energy Guarantee (NEG) in October, and an energy crisis in Tasmania caused by low W he called it a game-changer. It would water levels to power its hydro generation, paired keep the lights on and provide affordable electricity, with a breakdown in the underwater cable that links Above: while meeting Australia’s international commitment the island state to the national grid. Electrical to reduce emissions by 26-28 per cent of 2005 levels College Chair The CET was intended to help the electricity by 2030 under the Paris agreement. The long-sought Mark Lendich. market transition to a low carbon future by setting resolution to the energy trilemma of balancing a known level of clean energy to encourage
22 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU INSIGHT
CLIMATE WARS TIMELINE The Government has claimed the NEG may end the ‘climate wars’ that have plagued Australia’s energy policy for the past three decades.
HOWARD GOVERNMENT 1998: Australia signs Kyoto Protocol, does not ratify to make targets legally binding. 2001: Mandatory Renewable Energy Target Scheme (MRET) requires additional 2% of electricity from renewable or waste product sources. RUDD GOVERNMENT 2007: Australia ratifies Kyoto protocol. 2009: Renewable Energy Target (RET) replaces MRET with target of 20% (45,000 GWh) by 2020.
GILLARD GOVERNMENT 2010: Gillard does a deal with the Greens to implement a carbon price. 2011: RET spit into large- and small-scale targets. Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) legislation passed. 2012: Australia signs up to second Kyoto agreement. $10 billion Clean Energy Finance Corporation ABBOTT GOVERNMENT (CEFC) established. 2014: Carbon Price repealed – RET review causes uncertainty growth. Finkel also recommended that large and job losses in the generators be required to provide three years’ renewable sector. notice of closure. 2015: The National Energy White Paper is The NEG proposes two guarantees to be released – bipartisan delivered by energy retailers: a reliability guarantee, agreement on RET, which requires contracts between electricity reduced to 33,000 GWh TURNBULL GOVERNMENT retailers and large users for dispatchable energy; by 2020. 2016: Paris agreement and an emissions guarantee, which limits retailers signed. and high users to average emissions levels which June 2017: Finkel Review are yet to be specified. released – Government Energy retailers AGL, Origin and Energy Australia rejects Clean Energy have expressed qualified support for the NEG, Target (CET). especially if it gains bipartisan political approval. October 2017: Government announces National At time of writing, the NEG is awaiting approval Energy Guarantee. by the Coalition of Australian Government (COAG) and detailed modelling to clarify how it be implemented and what it will achieve.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 23 INSIGHT
DIFFERENT DEALS WITH DIFFERENT GENERATORS Retailers choose energy mix which is right for their region.
WIND / BATTERY HYDRO GAS COAL WIND SOLAR
CONTRACTS CONTRACTS CONTRACTS
RETAILER A RETAILER B RETAILER C
Dispatchable Dispatchable Dispatchable
Emissions Emissions Emissions
Emissions Dispatchable
Retailers can adjust their portfolios by contracting MEETS ENERGY MEETS ENERGY with each MEETS ENERGY GUARANTEE GUARANTEE other GUARANTEE
The need for bipartisan support Another factor crucial to the ongoing stability of The energy trilemma has been a key point of the electricity grid is ensuring professional power disagreement for Australian politicians over the systems engineering experience is represented on past decade. the boards of the Australian Energy Market Operator This has deprived the electrical energy industry of (AEMO) and other market bodies, as recommended effective policy incentives and investment certainty by the Finkel report, Lendich says. to build the power stations needed to provide capacity to replace coal-fired plants reaching the end Has Western Australia got it right? of their lives. The NEG is not a truly national guarantee. It Mark Lendich, the Chair of Engineers Australia’s applies to the National Energy Market (NEM), a Electrical College, believes that the NEG could be a 5000 km-long network of transmission lines which potential solution, depending on further details and links Victoria, New South Wales, the Australian modelling which are yet to be released. Capital Territory, South Australia, and Tasmania. “The core issue is policy stability and bipartisan Western Australia and the Northern Territory are Top: EESA support,” he says. “Energy is one area where this President not connected. has been problematic for some years. Labor often Robert Barr. The NEM is an energy-only market: it trades supports higher renewable energy penetration Below: ITP in the energy units that consumers are billed in: Thermal than the Government. There are different kilowatt hours (kWh) or megawatt hours (MWh). WA MD Keith issues in different states, and then there are the Lovegrove. has a completely different market, which trades in Paris commitments.” capacity – the ability of the system to provide the Lendich stresses the need for a long term, stable policy to make sure that generators building assets such as power stations will have the framework to support them over their lifecycle. “Many assets “The core issue is policy stability and are not around for five years, but for decades and bipartisan support.” decades,” he says.
24 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU also has the effect of sending energy prices soaring to between $350 and $14,200 per MWh when there is not enough power. Barr is critical of this mechanism because the pricing signals arrive too late for investors to fill the gap. WHAT IS “The NEM gives signals to invest in new power MISSING FROM stations after it’s all over. You need a mechanism to THE NEG? make sure as one power station goes out another comes in. From what I understand of the NEG, it Detailed modelling, has some features similar to the WA capacity mechanisms and market,” he says. target trajectories to support cost and An optimal mix emissions reduction The reliability guarantee will require retailers and forecasts. high power users to contract for dispatchable Measures for non- power – which can be brought online at short electrical energy notice to keep the system stable in a crisis. sources such as One issue South Australia faces is the proliferation liquid fuels, gas and of intermittent renewables, such as wind and solar, nuclear. without storage to provide extra capacity to restore system stability. Following the 2016 blackouts, the A definition of State Government took up the offer of Elon Musk, dispatchable energy capacity CEO of Tesla, to install battery storage for renewables and how it would to increase their dispatchable reserve. be implemented in Keith Lovegrove, Managing Director of ITP what is currently an Thermal, says that if the NEG is implemented in energy-only market. an optimal way, it has the potential to encourage dispatchable renewable technologies such as Mention of power to meet customer demand, especially at times concentrating solar thermal (CST), which uses the inertia of peak usage. This is measured in megawatts (MW). requirements molten salt to store dispatchable solar energy. “The According to Dr Robert Barr, National President (energy produced best idea is that we put a requirement on retailers of the Electric Energy Society of Australia (EESA), a by synchronous so that the mix of energy they procure actually capacity market could provide the market signals generators such becomes optimal,” he says. needed to encourage generators to build power as coal-fired, The construction of a $650 million, 150 MW CST gas-fired, or plants with the lead time needed to maintain system plant will begin in Port Augusta next year, to go concentrating solar stability and keep prices down. This is achieved in online in 2020. This will be the country’s first utility thermal) needed for WA by retailers making regular capacity payments system stability. scale CST plant. to generators to finance the fixed costs of building Tidal power is another technology that can new power stations. They only need to recover the A transition plan provide dispatchable power. A $5.85 million short-run marginal costs from the energy part of the to a low carbon project, led by the Australian Maritime College at market, which is capped to around $350 per MWh. energy market (as the University of Tasmania, is currently mapping proposed in 2017 “Customers won’t get wiped out financially and Australia’s tidal energy to help make it available to Engineers Australia generators won’t make big windfalls. I think this the market. According to Barr, over-enthusiasm for publication The model would promote more competition in the Future of Australian intermittent renewable generation has put the NEM NEM. We should look very closely at what they Energy Generation. badly out of balance. are doing in WA, they don’t have the dispatchable “We have over-incentivised investment in capacity shortages of the east coast,” Barr says. Implementation intermittent renewables to the detriment of The United Kingdom also operates a capacity of the dispatchable capacity. What we need to do is get recommendations market. Payments to ensure 54 GW of generation the balance between dispatchable generation and of the Finkel review capacity began in September. intermittent generation back in equilibrium. We to appoint power The current NEM model has a scarcity band, system engineering need to source more natural gas and lift the energy which is intended to send a price signal to professionals to efficiency of future fossil fuel generators. The NEG encourage generators to build new dispatchable AEMO and other can be the mechanism to achieve this – we look plants when energy levels are below demand. This energy boards. forward to seeing the detail,” he says.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 25 TECHNOLOGY
SUN, SURF & SAFETY
26 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU Technologies to cut down the risk of shark encounters are highly varied, and the search for a guaranteed solution continues. Brent Balinski looks at three of them and how they work.
houghts of bull, tiger and great white up at beaches from time to time, and sometimes sharks will haunt many beachgoers this even attack a person. summer. These three are the deadliest Last year there were 26 unprovoked encounters T species of shark, according to a count in Australia, with 16 injuries and two deaths. by the Florida Museum of Natural History’s Efforts to make ocean-goers safer are highly International Shark Attack File, which records all varied, and range from controversial nets and the way back to 1580. For some perspective, its data drumlines to more novel ways including detection includes 828 deaths since records began, and the and warning, as well as various kinds of repellents. organisation points out you’re 75 times more likely Professor Michael Blumenstein heads Software to be killed by lightning. However, sharks will show at University of Technology Sydney’s Faculty of
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 27 TECHNOLOGY
SHARKSPOTTER PROJECT
1 Using video imagery captured from a drone, the system discerns between objects including swimmers, seals and sharks.
2
The system would then provide alarm mechanisms back to lifeguard towers and
central stations. Photos: Shark Flinders University
Engineering and IT. His PhD was in document analysis, enabling programs to read handwriting by deep learning methods. Following projects have “There will be messaging and even brought him to the beach, and continue to do so. potentially megaphone and other “I have a background in pattern recognition and video image processing using computers and facilities on the drone itself to warn algorithms and artificial intelligence, and one of my the people in the water.” earlier projects was looking at analysing beaches in relation to being safe,” he tells create. “For example whether there were currents that A hot field in the past few years, used for we could detect, and rips, using video imagery. We everything from language translation to mastering did that as a project with the State Government in old Atari games, deep learning can be applied to a Queensland. I already had some expertise using huge variety of tasks where there’s a lot of data to be video imagery detecting people, understanding learned and classification or prediction is required, ocean currents and things so this looked like a really says Blumenstein. good match. So detecting sharks, again for safety For SharkSpotter, video from the Ripper Group purposes, had a really great ring to it.” (and some that was publicly available) was used, He leads the SharkSpotter project, which began with the system learning to discern between in early 2016 when the Ripper Group asked if objects including swimmers, seals and sharks. The shark-spotting by drone could be automated. accuracy level for detecting sharks is about 90 per
28 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU One company, ASX-listed Shark Mitigation Systems (SMS), has developed a marine monitoring solution combining 720 kHz sonars and a pattern-matching algorithm they liken to facial recognition methods. SharkTec is based on Tritech International’s SeaTec software, originally used to detect sea mammals around tidal turbines in the North Sea. Above: Richard SMS’s Clever Buoy is a non-invasive, marine Talmage. monitoring system, says Richard Talmage, General Below: Clever Manager at SMS and the lead for the product. He Buoy’s first live joined the company in 2015 and his background deployment at Bondi Beach. includes technology portfolio management for BHP and Rio Tinto. SharkTec picks out patterns from the sonar indicating an object is at least two metres long, is self-propelled, and that displays shark-like behaviour, such as unique head and tail movements. “By removing any static reflections in the sonar image we can determine what the moving objects are,” Talmage tells create. “The last step is in terms of looking at the probability of the swim pattern of that object exhibiting shark-like characteristics and matching that up against known signatures to determine the
likelihood of that object being a shark.” Photos: Shark Mitigation Systems
cent, though this is being increased. Processing is carried out on an on-board GPU on the Vapor 55 RPAV drone helicopter, made by Pulse Aerospace, and which has a payload of 4.5 kg. According to the manufacturer, a battery charge will last for an hour’s flight time for the 1.95 m x 66 cm x 58 cm craft. “There will be systems available to provide alarm mechanisms back to lifeguard towers and central stations,” adds Blumenstein, who sees the technology as something that will augment human staff on patrol, rather than replace them. “There will be messaging and even potentially megaphone and other facilities on the drone itself to actually be able to warn the people in the water that there are hazards close by.”
Looking below The air is, of course, not the only place from which sharks can be monitored.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 29 The Optimum Electrical Engineering Design Solutions for Consulting Engineers AS/NZS3000:2007 Amdt 2/2012 Compliance Checking Now includes latest AS/NZS3008.1.1: 2017 Arc Flash Analysis to IEEE1584 & NENS 09-2014 Now includes support for 690Volt and 1000Volt systems Now with support for Revit® 2018 Quality Service and Support
NEW-Now Includes Masterpact MTZ Air Circuit Breaker
TM PowerCad-5 Features Compliance Checking • Cable Voltage Drop • Passive Harmonic Calculations Filter Sizing • Circuit Breaker Selection • Substation Sizing clause 2.5.5.3 arcing fault clearing capacity of protective devices for feeds of 800amps • Time/Current • Standby Generator Co-ordination Curves Sizing and above • Co-ordination Curve • Single Line Diagram On Screen CB OCR Display clause 2.5.7.2.3 supply circuit discrimination Adjustment (dynamic) • Single Line Diagram with option for checking protective devices ® • User Defined Export to AutoCAD less than 250amps Time/Current Co-ordination Curves • L.V.Distribution Network Modelling • Selectivity/Cascading clause 5.3.3.1.1 protective earth conductor • Bus-Tie modelling thermal stress check. • Maximum Demand • Check metering modelling • Cable Thermal Stress clause 5.7.4 earth system impedance • Automatic Mains • Let Through Energy and Submains Cable check at 0.4s and 5 sec disconnect ttimes • Cable Sizing Selections • Automatic Final • Conduit Sizing Subcircuit Cable Sizing • Fault-loop Impedance • Variable Speed Drives • Fault Level Calculations • Display Load Starting Current Profile • ARC Fault Check • AutoCAD® Interface for • ARC Flash calculations Loads Input • Harmonic Analysis • Light Fitting and Motor Libraries • Network Resonance Check • Reports with Print • Harmonic Mitigation Preview • Power Factor Correction • Direct Online Support OW P • Active Harmonic • Standards Filter Sizing AS/NZS,IEE,BS,CP5, SAS 3309POW 3309 and IS (India) TECHNOLOGY
2
A detection will trigger an alert sent to a lifeguard’s phone via The Optimum Electrical Engineering At the moment it can’t discern between shark an app for Android or Design Solutions for Consulting Engineers species, but can detect sharks with around 90 per iOS via a floating buoy cent accuracy, according to Talmage (“we would on the surface. AS/NZS3000:2007 Amdt 2/2012 Compliance Checking rather have that one out of 10 false positives than miss any sharks”.) A detection will trigger an alert Now includes latest AS/NZS3008.1.1: 2017 sent to a lifeguard’s phone via an app for Android Arc Flash Analysis to IEEE1584 & NENS 09-2014 or iOS. A first prototype of the Clever Buoy was completed in July 2014. It was refined and trialled Now includes support for 690Volt and 1000Volt systems in Sydney Aquarium, as well as the Abrolhos Islands Now with support for Revit® 2018 and Esperance in Western Australia. A first live deployment at Bondi Beach, in 2016, followed. Quality Service and Support “On the back of the Bondi deployment we had to do a short-term deployment for World Surf League in Jeffreys Bay in 2016. Then there was a full-beach NEW-Now Includes safety trial in Western Australia for City Beach,” adds Masterpact MTZ Air Circuit Breaker Talmage of the December 2016 – April 2017 trial through WA’s Department of Premier and Cabinet. At the time of writing, a report on this is being finalised. The solution has also found support from a US congressman and Orange County officials for TM PowerCad-5 Features Compliance Checking a pilot of six sonar transducers with two buoys, • Cable Voltage Drop • Passive Harmonic which would operate at Corona del Mar in Calculations Filter Sizing southern California. • Circuit Breaker Selection • Substation Sizing clause 2.5.5.3 arcing fault clearing capacity of protective devices for feeds of 800amps As well as the Clever Buoy system, SMS has CLEVER BUOY • Time/Current • Standby Generator Co-ordination Curves Sizing and above also developed two types of anti-shark wetsuits, designed to keep beach users safer by confusing • Co-ordination Curve • Single Line Diagram 1 On Screen CB OCR Display clause 2.5.7.2.3 supply circuit discrimination a shark’s visual system. As nobody has developed Adjustment (dynamic) • Single Line Diagram with option for checking protective devices one sure-fire way to completely rule out attacks, The sonar on the ocean Export to AutoCAD® floor indicates an object is • User Defined less than 250amps Talmage’s company may in the future consider Time/Current at least two metres long, is Co-ordination Curves • L.V.Distribution Network Modelling combining their technology with a deterrent self-propelled, and displays • Selectivity/Cascading clause 5.3.3.1.1 protective earth conductor method – be it electrical, magnetic, chemical or • Bus-Tie modelling thermal stress check. shark-like behaviour, such • Maximum Demand other – to maximise effectiveness. Longer-term as unique head and tail • Check metering modelling plans also include developing their system into movements. • Cable Thermal Stress clause 5.7.4 earth system impedance something that does more than just detect sharks. • Let Through Energy • Automatic Mains check at 0.4s and 5 sec disconnect ttimes and Submains Cable “There are lots of different deterrents on the • Cable Sizing Selections • Automatic Final market, though very few deterrents have been • Conduit Sizing Subcircuit Cable Sizing independently, scientifically verified to be effective. • Fault-loop Impedance • Variable Speed Drives So at the moment, we’re focused on getting Clever • Fault Level Calculations • Display Load Starting Buoy from where it is today to a commercial grade Current Profile • ARC Fault Check of accuracy in detecting different marine species, • AutoCAD® Interface for • ARC Flash calculations Loads Input primarily sharks, and then we’ll look at what is the right technology to pair it with,” he says. “And if • Harmonic Analysis • Light Fitting and
Motor Libraries we’re talking about this in five years’ time I hope Photos: Shark Mitigation Systems • Network Resonance Check • Reports with Print it’s more about a real-time marine monitoring Preview • Harmonic Mitigation platform capable of discerning between different • Power Factor Correction • Direct Online Support
OW species as well as real-time data on wave, wind, and P • Active Harmonic • Standards environmental conditions, such as pollution.” Filter Sizing AS/NZS,IEE,BS,CP5, SAS 3309POW 3309 and IS (India) Ampullae evidence Shark attack mitigation will always involve a mix of approaches, believes Lindsay Lyon, who
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 31 8 - 10 May 2018 ICC Sydney, Darling Harbour
REGISTER ONLINE NOW SOURCE PRODUCT SHARE SOLUTIONS CONNECT @ARBS
Visit Australia’s only international HVAC+R & building services trade exhibition featuring the highly anticipated Speaker Series and Industry Awards
ARBS_Visitor_275x210.indd 1 11/1/18 10:34 am TECHNOLOGY
8 - 10 May 2018 ICC Sydney, Darling Harbour
SHARK SHIELD
Emits an elliptical electric field causing the shark discomfort. REGISTER ONLINE acquired Shark Shield five years ago and is its causing the elasmobranch discomfort and to quickly Managing Director. exit. Using two electrodes, the products create an NOW Lyon’s company has more claim to scientifically- elliptical electric field. proven validity, and its technology has been the “The original electrical concept of deterring sharks subject of three peer reviewed papers. was first developed in the Second World War,” Lyon, Their line of products exploit ‘electroreception’, a an electronic engineer and entrepreneur, tells create. kind of sixth sense sharks (and other elasmobranchs) “It was fine tuned by the South African Natal Shark have and use to home in on prey. Sharks possess Board, who are experts in White Sharks, in the 90s. thousands of organs known as ampullae of Then Shark Shield further developed the technology SOURCE Lorenzeni: small pores that allow sharks to detect through the 2000s. PRODUCT electrical fields created by other animals. The march to mainstream acceptance has been Sharks are able to detect as low as 0.005 gradual, though the company can now claim to have microvolts, and Shark Shield overstimulates them, arrived. In May the WA Government offered a $200 SHARE SOLUTIONS rebate for the first 1000 divers and surfers purchasing a Shark Shield device. This year is expected to be the CONNECT @ARBS first profitable one in 15 years. Real limitations There are numerous products available claiming to Visit Australia’s only international HVAC+R & building deter sharks by electromagnetic, chemical, sound and other methods. Evidence for their efficacy is services trade exhibition featuring the highly Above: Lindsay anticipated Speaker Series and Industry Awards Lyon, Shark often slim. Shield. Left: A Choice review last year urged buyers to beware Version of the of some very real limitations, and several experts are shark shield fitted to a on the record advising caution. surfboard. “Some devices have been tested, some devices are
Photos: Shark Shield Shark Photos: currently being tested, but a lot of devices currently
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 33
ARBS_Visitor_275x210.indd 1 11/1/18 10:34 am International Women’s Day 2018 #PressforProgress
Gender equality is a key part of provide us the opportunity to collaborate with Engineers Australia’s diversity strategy. industry and individuals to collectively bring Our International Women’s Day events about change.
Hear From NAOMI SIMSON
A true business influencer and leader with more than “ 2 million LinkedIn followers ”
Engineers Australia is delighted to announce that Naomi As one of Australia’s most prominent entrepreneurs Simson will present at our three International Women’s and business leaders, Naomi will share her experience Day events taking place in Melbourne, Brisbane and and insights with over 1,000 attendees across the Sydney this March. three locations.
Melbourne Brisbane Sydney Wednesday 7 March 2018 Thursday 8 March 2018 Friday 9 March 2018 Palladium at Crown Pullman King George Square Ivy Ballroom
Celebrate International Women’s Day 2018 with Engineers Australia. Register today at: engineersaustraliaIWD.com.au TECHNOLOGY
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reacted. He has seen them have no proof whatsoever,” Associate Professor approach bait and abort their Charlie Huveneers, who runs Flinders University’s International Women’s Day 2018 path for no obvious reason. If Southern Shark Ecology Group research lab. there was a deterrent there, Lyon’s company is urging for Australian you might put it down to that. #PressforProgress standards, and plans to rebrand in Q2 next year as It can be unwise to draw too many inferences. Ocean Guardian, attempting to avoid being lumped So is there a lot of rubbish out in with a large range of shonky products with ‘shark’ Gender equality is a key part of provide us the opportunity to collaborate with there? He politely declines to in their name. Engineers Australia’s diversity strategy. industry and individuals to collectively bring mention any specific product by The company has also announced it has name, but says there are a lot of prototyped and is now testing and developing a new Our International Women’s Day events about change. unsubstantiated claims made. product, Ocean Guardian. The idea began when “One of the dangers we’re Associate Professor Charlie a French physicist contacted Lyon with a concept Huveneers has been fascinated seeing in some situations using a metamaterial transducer to greatly extend by sharks since age 11. He has is where people would put studied them all over the world, themselves at greater risk than the possible range of the electric field in saltwater. and still finds their behaviour they would normally, because hard to explain at times. they believe in a product that Hear From Most of his research around might have not been tested measures to keep people safer scientifically,” he explains. from them are around personal There is evidence that “There are lots of different NAOMI SIMSON deterrents. He is frequently electromagnetic methods have deterrents on the market sought out to comment on the some validity, but even then, effectiveness of these. caution is advised. Variables though very few have been However, even with the data, like salinity and temperature scientifically verified to A true business influencer it’s hard to extrapolate findings. will change conductivity and and leader with more than “Sharks can react to many therefore the propagation of the be effective.” different things and it’s not electric field, for example. As will “ 2 million LinkedIn followers the configuration of electrodes. because there’s one reaction to something that it’s specifically The field produced is not “We realised that we could measure about 20 that deterrent. That’s why uniform, so its effectiveness will ” scientific testing is really vary depending on how a shark microvolts at 30 m. A shark can sense down to necessary to be able to show might approach it. five nanovolts. if the repellent is efficient, to “Because of all of these We believe we can create an electromagnetic Engineers Australia is delighted to announce that Naomi As one of Australia’s most prominent entrepreneurs what extent it is, and what’s the differences, one product and wave that’s propagating through the water for Simson will present at our three International Women’s and business leaders, Naomi will share her experience resulting behavioural response,” the efficacy of one product greater distances, to cause those gel-filled sacs to cannot really be extrapolated Day events taking place in Melbourne, Brisbane and and insights with over 1,000 attendees across the he tells create. spasm from further away. He adds, however, that there or transferred to a different At the time of writing, Shark Shield is seeking Sydney this March. three locations. are many difficulties in properly product in a different situation,” knowing exactly to what a shark he says. a way to take the concept further, through having experiments designed for validation. Melbourne Brisbane Sydney “We have chatted with the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries about getting an Wednesday 7 March 2018 Thursday 8 March 2018 Friday 9 March 2018 existing shark net that catches the most sharks on Pullman King George Square Ivy Ballroom Palladium at Crown average, and fit Ocean Guardian electromagnetic transducers to that net,” suggests Lyon. “And then if you’re no longer catching any sharks in that net, it will be an indication that the Celebrate International Women’s Day 2018 with Engineers Australia. Register today at: technology is working.” engineersaustraliaIWD.com.au Though evidence has been published showing the success of its electric deterrents, the company does not claim to have a ‘silver bullet’ solution. No company or researcher in the field does. The search continues.
Photos: UTS Photos:
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 35 COVER STORY
Sparking your imagination
Photos: Paul Wilkinson Paul Photos:
36 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU Danielle George is an engineer on a mission – BBC science presenter, Professor of Radio Frequency Engineering, founder of the recycled robot orchestra. She seeks to inspire engineers of the future to solve the big challenges. By Brent Balinski.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 37 COVER STORY
have a champion putting its importance forward in Why terms everyone can understand. “In terms of engineering, there aren’t a lot of role bother? models... You can think of people in physics, for example, the likes of Brian Cox, you can think of It’s questions like these that are important for champions in natural sciences, history, geography,” engineers to answer, even when asked by an offers George. unimpressed stranger after you’ve explained your “I think it’s really important so people can life’s work in a public presentation. see what these role models are doing and go, For Professor Danielle George, who has helped ‘Hey I’d quite like to try that; it looks pretty develop tools to map the universe and who is drawn interesting.’ Engineering needs someone who to humanity’s greatest challenges, unexpected, even captures their imagination a little bit, for the slightly rude, questions like “why bother?” are fine. children or the teacher or the parent to go away, They’re even part of the reason she spends so much do their own research and see why it’s creative and time speaking about her work in public. why it’s inspiring.” Sometimes it’s a similarly pointed question like “where does this money come from, and is it being The waves of the future spent well?” about a multi-nation, mega-project George’s love of astronomy emerged at age eight, like the US$1.5 billion ALMA (Atacama Large after being bought a telescope by her parents. She Millimetre Array). quickly found herself waking up during the night “You have to say well, we bother because we’re to track lunar eclipses, and realising that maths and curious, and that is human nature and we shouldn’t science could be put to enjoyable uses. stop being that, and we shouldn’t hide the fact that She came late to engineering, earning a we are curious, and I think that’s a good thing,” Bachelor’s degree in astrophysics and then a George tells create. Master’s in radio astronomy, both at Jodrell Bank “If there are spin-outs for industry, well, that’s Observatory (JBO). Following this, George decided great, and I think there are for such big projects. But even if there aren’t, the fact we’re doing it because we want to explore space, we want to explore the universe and what’s around it and where we fit into “You have to say well, we bother because it. That can only be a good thing.” we’re curious, and that is human nature The University of Manchester Professor of Microwave Communication Engineering believes and we shouldn’t stop being that.” engineering lacks role models, and could do a better job explaining the considerable contribution it she wanted to work on a practical project for her makes to the world. dissertation, and soon “a lightbulb came on for me Though she confesses public speaking makes that engineering was my passion!” she wrote in an her a little nervous, she’s duty bound to do a lot of article at www.womanthology.co.uk it, even if it means being asked “why bother?” from Her work after this on low-noise amplifiers time to time. This means that, outside of her ‘day as an engineer at JBO and her first major project job’, George counts 67 public lectures given in the (contributing to the European Space Agency’s last academic year. In 2017 she also presented or Planck spacecraft mission) became her PhD thesis. co-presented three BBC documentaries. Her ‘day “That was an amazing project, certainly as a job’ also includes heading teaching and learning junior engineer, to be able to work with all these for the university’s science and engineering school, amazing people around the world and learn so with its headcount of 10,000. much from them,” George recalls of the project The outreach effort is driven by a need to show to measure and map the cosmic microwave that engineering is a creative, worthwhile, and background relic radiation released through the misunderstood profession, which doesn’t really Big Bang.
38 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU WHO IS DANIELLE GEORGE?
Current position: Professor of Radio Frequency Engineering, University of Manchester. Education: Studied astrophysics at the University of Liverpool before doing a Master’s at the Victoria University of Manchester and a PhD in electrical engineering at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. Inspiration: In 2014, she was invited to give the Christmas Lectures for the Royal Institution. Dating back to 1825, these lectures are targeted at children. As well as displaying her robot orchestra in one lecture, she also demonstrated how to play Tetris on the side of a building in another, and created a hologram using the technology in mobile phones. COVER STORY
Left: Elements “You cannot have this idea of a few technicians in of the Square a lab tinkering with some amplifiers in order to get Kilometre them to have the best performance,” explains George. Array (SKA) in Western “You have to approach it like you do in the cell Australia. phone industry, where you’re printing a load of Below: George amplifiers – thousands every week – and they are at a Robot Hack Day. broad brush tested. If they pass, they’re in, if they fail, they’re out. Then they’re packaged and installed. Gone is the idea that you can tinker around if you’re making millions of them.”
Taking you on that journey The year 2014 was a standout for George’s work as a public engineer. She was approached to pitch for the prestigious Royal Institution Public Lectures, and was successful. Her three presentations – titled “I wanted to take that information and translate Sparks Will Fly: How To Hack Your Home – made it, or see if I could translate it into other areas of the her only the sixth woman in 189 years to give 14 engineering grand challenges. Could I take the the lectures. technology and the skills and the experience I’d One of the episodes featured a robot orchestra, developed on one project, in one sector and transfer an idea built on the following year as Manchester it to farming or aerospace, for example?” prepared to become the first city in the UK to be Efforts developing extremely sensitive designated a European City of Science. systems to pick up faint radio wave signals could be applied to some of the biggest problems engineers are tackling. So far, George and her teams have looked at applications as diverse as precision agriculture (developing buried sensor networks for monitoring sub-soil characteristics such as temperature and moisture) and monitoring the performance of Rolls-Royce gas turbines, using “fundamentally the same technology”. The radio frequency (RF) expert has also developed amplifiers for the low-frequency aperture arrays of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, which will be the largest-ever radio telescope, and with 50 times the sensitivity of anything currently in existence. Her role in this “is much less now” since going on maternity leave in late-2014. The project, using millions of low-noise amplifiers, has “absolutely turned how you would approach a radio astronomy project on its head”. Where other telescopes have allowed for development and later tweaking of components, there is no such luxury for the SKA, which has headquarters at JBO and core sites split between Murchison, Western Australia, and Karoo, South Africa. Performance of these devices needs to be high, while the approach for making them is akin to high-volume electronics manufacturing.
40 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU KIDS BEFRIEND ROBOTS, NATURALLY Knocking around ideas in communication, is a believer The array of ‘instruments’, space, dinosaurs or ancient 2015 to mark Manchester as in what can be accomplished such as disused floppy drives Egypt are. a European City of Science when you get enthusiastic and cereal bowls grew through “With dinosaurs, for in 2016, Dr Erinma Ochu and amateurs together to tackle hackathons and random example, they were there Danielle George suggested a problem. She was confident donations. The local Halle but they don’t exist now so concepts based around the Manchester recycled orchestra came on board you need a certain amount recycled instruments and robot orchestra was a winner and rehearsed with their of imagination to create an Photos: Paul Wilkinson/University of Manchester; SKA Organisation making/hacking respectively. early on. conventional instruments. environment where dinosaurs The two founders of the “Danielle had some The project did indeed fly would be alive and around,” idea found a way to combine recycled floppy discs that and the motley collection says George. these in a way they thought made a robot and it played of robots and musicians “And, that’s true with robots might be fun for ‘citizen the soundtrack from Rocky continues to play at festivals I think. The robot can be engineers’ to be involved in. and she just played that,” and star on TV shows. anything. It could be human “I think I wrote half a Ochu recalls. For all the fun, the ‘citizen form, it could look like a dog, it document, she wrote the “And she had this little engineering’ project also could look like a cup, it could rest of it and within a couple kid alongside her who addresses a serious topic: look like anything. So, you need of days we just had this idea was dreaming of being an showing children that tasks some imagination in order to of doing a recycled robot astronaut and all these like assembling electronics create the thing for use. So, orchestra,” Ochu, a Lecturer sponsors and attendees at and coding can be creative it’s quite a bespoke experience in Science Communication & this launch kept saying, ‘we and fulfilling. Why are robots since it is you who is in control. Future Media at the University get that, we love it’. They so often so good at this job? It’s your imagination taking of Salford, tells create. were laughing and I thought George believes robots you on that journey and Ochu, a neuroscientist to myself, ‘okay this project is are captivating for the creating this scenario so you who moved into science going to fly now’.” same reasons things like can put your invention into it.”
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 41 COVER STORY
“They’re both THE GRAND important, but really, CHALLENGES fundamentally they’re different. And the news We are approaching a media often gets that decade since the 14 Grand wrong. They’ll talk about, Challenges For Engineering for ‘Scientists just landed a rover the century were announced. on Mars.’ Well no, it wasn’t Headed by a panel of 18 really scientists who did that.” eminent thinkers and receiving Regarding the Engineer The thousands of international Tools of Scientific Discovery submissions, the project took category, which Professor over a year to decide on its Danielle George is concerned list. The panel included with, this highlights both the inventor Dean Kamen, importance of engineers to geneticist Craig Venter, and scientists (and vice versa) as Ray Kurzweil who is now well as the importance of both Google Engineering Director. to human progress. It wasn’t about prediction, “Engineers create the tools says Randy Atkins (pictured), that scientists use to discover Director of the Grand new things, and those new Challenges for Engineering things create new tools that project at the US National advance civilisation; so it’s Academy of Engineering. this important way that one Rather it was about things thing builds upon the other,” such as identifying the he adds. “And part of making game-changers for humanity, the world better is just simply inspiring the next generation, understanding our place in and letting people know what the universe, and engineers engineers do. create new telescopes and “Generally, people know new microscopes, and new what scientists are, but tools that help us understand they don’t really know what our place in the world and how engineers are,” he tells create. it works.”
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42 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU “We developed this recycled robot orchestra with the idea that we, me and my team at the university, wouldn’t develop the robots, we’d get children to develop the robots. Their imaginations just took it to another level,” says George. The project attracted support from Siemens (which built a robot conductor), the Women’s Institute, National Trust, Manchester Metrolink, Manchester’s Halle orchestra (which performed alongside the robots which were made of salvaged old floppy disks and desk fans) and others. The orchestra continues to perform, playing at a 45,000-people festival a fortnight before create spoke to George, and was featured in a BBC program about a lighthearted quest to replace singer Ed Sheeran. “It’s gone from strength to strength and, because of the imagination of the children, it continues to go from strength to strength,” she offers. It’s another part of George’s mission to engage people – particularly the youth, but also those who influence them. It’s a mission that means routinely and willingly stepping out of her comfort
“We’d get children to develop the robots; their imaginations just took it to another level.” zone, whether it’s through regular public lectures, an increasing volume of TV and radio work, and even willingly teaching first-year undergraduates electronic circuit design. “I am a firm believer in that you don’t know your subject until you try and teach it to undergrads or teach it to the next generation,” she explains. There’s arguably a need to do better in attracting the next generation of problem solvers, and to communicate what engineering involves and why the profession is important if the challenges of our times are going to be overcome. So, if you’re focused on these challenges and you’re asked ‘why bother?’, then you should be happy to answer. “I think part of the reason people ask you the question is because they’re unaware of what you’re doing and why you’re doing it,” offers George. “I believe it’s the role of a scientist and engineer, every scientist and engineer working in research and development, to make sure that the public do understand what we’re doing.”
ENGINEERS ENGINEERSENGINEERS AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA | | FEBRUARY OCTOBER 20182017 43 GDTech_420x275_v2.pdf 1 16/7/17 12:40 pm
Global Design Solutions (GDTech) have been When you want modelling in the aerospace industry for almost 3 decades and modelling vehicles to know what and safety barriers since 2002 - delivering unrivaled experience just happened... and capacity or why it happened... • 180 Engineers and Technical staff or which components failed... • Outstanding Computational Capacity • 80 LSDyna licences, and when... • 1 cluster> 1000Gb RAM and why... • 2 clusters> 128 cores each • 15 years of experience • Worldwide collaboration with manufacturers, C Finite Element (FE) Modelling with LS Dyna and other installation companies& road authorities M • Involvement in Standardization Committees (EN1317, NCHRP350, MASH) Y specialised software is the most revealing set of tools • Involvement in International Federations (ERF: Europe and IRF: International) CM • Cost effective MY • Extensive library of established modelling tools and sets CY • Exisiting modelling sets for a wide range of standard materials and a wide range CMY of vehicles including heavy vehicles and motorcycles K • Team of 10 full-time simulations engineers
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MODELLING • VALIDATION • CERTIFICATION GDTech_420x275_v2.pdf 1 16/7/17 12:40 pm
Global Design Solutions (GDTech) have been When you want modelling in the aerospace industry for almost 3 decades and modelling vehicles to know what and safety barriers since 2002 - delivering unrivaled experience just happened... and capacity or why it happened... • 180 Engineers and Technical staff or which components failed... • Outstanding Computational Capacity • 80 LSDyna licences, and when... • 1 cluster> 1000Gb RAM and why... • 2 clusters> 128 cores each • 15 years of experience • Worldwide collaboration with manufacturers, C Finite Element (FE) Modelling with LS Dyna and other installation companies& road authorities M • Involvement in Standardization Committees (EN1317, NCHRP350, MASH) Y specialised software is the most revealing set of tools • Involvement in International Federations (ERF: Europe and IRF: International) CM • Cost effective MY • Extensive library of established modelling tools and sets CY • Exisiting modelling sets for a wide range of standard materials and a wide range CMY of vehicles including heavy vehicles and motorcycles K • Team of 10 full-time simulations engineers
When you want LS Dyna models or other tools, you need an experienced team with mega computing capacity. After all, the accuracy of the data and computations is critical - lives depend on it!
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MODELLING • VALIDATION • CERTIFICATION CONSTRUCTION
46 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU STAR POWER
In suburban Perth, a team of engineers is setting Australian-first standards for environmentally-friendly public works projects. By Nicholas Brant.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 47 CONSTRUCTION
or the dog walkers, parents with young children and aspiring sportsmen who frequent Mills Park the newly-minted F community development sparks a sense of delight and enjoyment. For the engineers and urban planners who designed and created the environmentally-friendly space the community’s reaction is the proverbial cherry on top for a project that ticks all the boxes. Nestled within Perth’s bustling southern suburbs, Mills Park is a 24 ha recreational space that has spent the past few years undergoing a $47 million transformation from tired sports oval to cutting-edge community facility with sporting grounds, play equipment, wetlands and a two-storey community centre. The development was commissioned by the City of Gosnells with a specific focus on sustainability, Medal winner and on completion was awarded six stars in both Mills Park’s accolades continue to grow after design and construction by the Green Building winning the Institute of Public Works Engineering Council of Australia’s Green Star rating system for Australasia’s Medal for Project of the Year and the public buildings. Excellence in Environment and Sustainability The city’s Director of Infrastructure Dave Harris category in mid-2017. tells create the six star award was particularly pleasing The project is credited with multiple as the city had originally set out to achieve a five star environmentally-friendly features including the rating for the project. community centre’s first floor concrete slab which “The city has always had a fairly strong green tinge Above: City incorporates a feature known as Bubbledeck – to it. Our administration building was the first five of Gosnells multiple soccerball-sized plastic bubbles filled Director of star green star public building in WA and now Mills Infrastructure with air that are held in place by the slab’s Park is the first six star green star designation for a Dave Harris at metal reinforcements. public building for both design and construction in Mills Park. Perth-based Bubbledeck Australian and New Australia,” he says. Zealand structural engineer Karim Yngstrom tells
48 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU create his company’s namesake product is a semi-precast system originally developed in Scandinavia which minimises the amount of work required onsite as they can simply stitch large precast panels together. “In concrete slabs you need a small section of concrete at the top and the reinforcement at the bottom, but the concrete in the middle is unnecessary,” Yngstrom says. Conventional precast slabs work as one-way slabs and require walls or beams to transfer the loads while Bubbledeck slabs work in two directions, only needing column supports. This approach requires less structural support and building materials overall, thus contributing to the green star aspects of the project. “Furthermore, by incorporating the bubbles in kg the slab you get the same thickness everywhere and if we need more sheer strength in certain areas, 250 m3 20% such as for installing columns, we can just remove Concrete saved Weight on the project saving bubbles,” says Yngstrom. He says at Mills Park they installed 346 bubble- filled panels covering an area of 2500 m². The bubbles replaced roughly 100-150 mm of concrete from each slab and saved about 250 m³ of concrete across the entire project. The technology is being used in multiple projects throughout Perth and is incorporated into Melbourne’s new Parliament House annex. The company hopes also to utilise the product soon Top: Mills Park in Sydney. grounds. Below: Bubbledeck Carbon-friendly materials slabs under Another key aspect of the project’s environmentally- construction. friendly footprint is the carbon reduction
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 49 Everyday, new and innovative ideas are brought to life in ways that fundamentally change our society forever. It’s often the smallest innovations that have the biggest impact. aeea.engineersaustralia.org.au CONSTRUCTION
Innovation. Management. Initiatives Locally-sourced saw 80 per cent of the waste products and labour, generated during construction consultation and recycled, metering devices collaboration with provides detailed information the community on on the centre’s the design energy and water Transport. Existing Materials. aspects. consumption. road and carpark base High-quality steel was recycled into material with environmental considerations incorporated into 1 for the park’s sidewalks, accreditations, blast the concrete used in the building. smaller parking bays for furnace-produced precast 9 2 fuel-efficient vehicles. Wood and Grieve Engineers concrete slabs, and GREEN structural project engineer sustainably-sourced timber. Michael Ruescher said they ELEMENTS Land use and Ecology. 8 3 utilised blast furnace slag as a Energy. Mills Park received a six star Existing wetlands cement replacement material Passive architecture to allow green star rating after being were rehabilitated in the concrete mix for maximum natural light, assessed against components to accommodate native species. “In conjunction with the 30 kW solar panel array which and materials that fall under 7 4 Environmentally Sustainable generates 15 per cent of nine separate categories, the city’s annual electricity including: Design (ESD) consultants Indoor Environment requirements, low-energy The centre’s on the project, we specified a 6 Quality. LED lighting uses less power 5 air conditioning concrete mix that would achieve than a comparable system has been a reduction in carbon emissions as standard building. designed to Emissions. Water. Waterless required to achieve the green star keep indoor CO₂ A flicker-free urinals, low-flow certification,” he says. concentrations to lighting system with a taps and showers, a “Blast furnace slag is a replacement a minimum. maintained illuminance of 50,000 L rainwater for conventional Portland cement and by no more than 25 per cent tank that saves reducing the volume of Portland cement above the recommended 250 kL of potable in the concrete we actually reduce the carbon lighting levels to reduce water annually. footprint of the building. light pollution. “The manufacturing process of conventional Portland cement is quite an energy intensive process.
“Blast furnace slag is a waste product from steel production so we are recycling a waste product Mills Park is the first six star green star to minimise the additional energy going into designation for a public building for both producing the cement.” Ruescher says from a structural engineering design and construction in Australia. perspective the foundations and the geology of the site were very difficult. “We discovered an old riverbed running through the site during construction which uncovered soft spots within the foundation material, so the building foundations had to be redesigned around the spots to minimise differential settlement of the building. “Another engineering challenge was the large,
open spaces on the first floor to accommodate the Photo: Brett Boardman club and function rooms.” We utilised large-span steel trusses and transfer Everyday, new and innovative ideas are brought to life in trusses to accommodate the architectural intent of ways that fundamentally change our society forever. It’s often the space, he says. “For the steelwork we adopted a high strength the smallest innovations that have the biggest impact. The Mills Park steel grade. This is another aspect of the structure community centre under that contributed to the green star initiatives as you aeea.engineersaustralia.org.au construction. are getting a higher efficiency from a smaller volume of material.”
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 51 W
BSB51415 DIPLOMA OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A Project Management Best practice Enhance performance and outcomes qualification designed for by learning best practice for each project engineers. life cycle phase Developed by engineers and project management experts Featuring an engineering specific, comprehensive case study written by Specifically designed for engineers one of Australia’s leading universities and related professionals, the Diploma of Project Management provides the Flexible delivery necessary knowledge, skills and tools Carefully programmed delivery modes, to complete projects on time and created by an expert training team. This within budget. includes face-to-face workshops and interactive online learning
Customisation Course commences Contact us Organisations can customise training in February, today for the approaches based on specific needs to July and full course optimise business results November outline Professional recognition Outcomes from this qualification are nationally recognised and align to A Guide to the Project Management Body of *Qualifications are delivered by Engineering Education Australia’s wholly owned Registered Training Organisation (RTO) The Moreland Group (RTO #6332). Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)** **PMBOK is a registered mark of the Project Management Institute, Inc.
themorelandgroup.com.au / 03 9321 1781 / [email protected] W
CONSTRUCTION
BSB51415 DIPLOMA OF PROJECT
Construction91% and MANAGEMENT demolition waste recycled
Level playing field lot of turf for sportsgrounds so we needed to make A team involving civil engineering contractor the soil retain a small amount of moisture at the A Project Management Best practice Ertech, consulting firm Cardno and City of Gosnells same time,” he says. Enhance performance and outcomes graduate engineer Steve Vo focused on addressing The team developed a beach sand-like material qualification designed for by learning best practice for each project the site’s soil profile which caused the park to flood that was very coarse with minimal clay or silt life cycle phase when it rained. content that also retained its shape so maintenance engineers. “Mills Park is very low-lying and it is very flat and machines could operate effectively to meet the tight Developed by engineers and full of clay soils so it is all the things that drainage tolerance requirements. project management experts engineers hate,” Ertech Project Manager Trevor Top: The flat The team also added the soil conditioner land created Featuring an engineering specific, Mackell tells create. drainage issues. Quicken to the top layer of soil, which would help comprehensive case study written by “We had to develop an entirely new soil profile Below: Steve Vo. retain moisture initially while the deeper soil would Specifically designed for engineers one of Australia’s leading universities that was free-draining, however the site also had a ensure the water drained quickly. and related professionals, the Diploma Mackell says they retrofitted a lot of the park’s of Project Management provides the Flexible delivery swale drains and other low-lying areas with this subsoil drainage system. necessary knowledge, skills and tools Carefully programmed delivery modes, “Mills Park is very low-lying and it is very The company also contributed to the project’s to complete projects on time and created by an expert training team. This green initiatives by successfully recycling 91 within budget. includes face-to-face workshops and flat and full of clay soils so it is all the per cent of all construction and demolition waste interactive online learning things that drainage engineers hate.” in excess of the 85 per cent requirement set for the project. Customisation Course The contractor reused all existing basecourse commences Contact us Organisations can customise training materials from the former carparks as subbase in February, today for the approaches based on specific needs to PASSING THE BATON material for the new footpaths and roads. full course optimise business results Ertech’s work on Mills Park was recognised by July and While Mills Park took home multiple awards at the recent IPWEA November outline awards, Dave Harris also picked up a personal accolade in the form a Civil Contractors Federation National Earth
Professional recognition of the institute’s highest honour, the Keith H Wood medal. Award in 2016 for excellence in planning and Photo: Brett Boardman Outcomes from this qualification are The award recognises an outstanding engineer in public works project management. nationally recognised and align to who has demonstrated exceptional dedication, leadership and Cardno’s design of a large earth bridge over the contribution to the industry over many years. A Guide to the Project Management Body of other brook allowed the contractor to use pre-cast *Qualifications are delivered by Engineering Education Australia’s wholly owned For young engineers starting out in the industry Harris has a concrete planks which limited environmental Registered Training Organisation (RTO) The Moreland Group (RTO #6332). Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)** few parting tips. “Don’t be afraid to speak out on issues or make contaminants from leaking to the waterway below. **PMBOK is a registered mark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. mistakes because you learn from those mistakes. Have a level of understanding and respect for people as you move through your Cardno subsequently topped the bridge with a career,” he advises. cast insitu concrete deck and turf so football players could run straight from the changerooms in the themorelandgroup.com.au / 03 9321 1781 / [email protected] community centre to the adjoining field.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 53 INNOVATION
54 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU WAVE RIDERS
The GC32 racing tour in Southern Europe allows pro and amateur sailors to participate in the fastest type of sailing, achieving speeds of over 30 knots. Crispin Andrews speaks to the Australian engineer who played a key role in designing these new boats.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 55
INNOVATION Photos: J Sébastien Rogues & esús Renedo / GC32 Racing Tour
t’s refreshing to come across a sport where “You’re allowed to fine tune your boat, move the outcome is still determined by the human a few fittings around,” says Australian sailor and contest, rather than which participant has the entrepreneur, Simon Delzoppo, skipper of GC32 I most money and therefore the best technology. Racing tour’s newest team, .film racing, “but it’s Or where rules have been changed to produce, basically a crew’s technical ability to balance the what executives think will be, better television boat that counts during races.” Above left: entertainment or corporate product. Brett Ellis, Director of Sydney-based Ellis Ben Ellis. The GC32 Racing Tour, an annual series of Above right Engineered, who helped engineer the boats, adds: catamaran races around coastal southern Europe, and below left: “These are boats where you can show off your talent. has achieved this, by stipulating that all participating Engie’s GC32 If you’re good enough, you’ll succeed against others.” during racing. teams use the same, centrally produced, hydro- Ellis holds a mechanical engineering degree Below right: foiling catamaran. That’s a boat that can travel with GC32 Racing from Newcastle University and currently specialises either the hull touching the water, or out of the off Corsica. in the design and engineering of advanced water, on foils. composite structures.
56 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU INSIDE THE GC32 RACER
Hulls are toed out by three degrees so they become vertical when the boat is flying. A pinched mid- section, ends full, to reduce pitching (up and down movement). The bow has a low volume deck to help the boat pass cleanly through the waves.
When designing the catamaran Wedge-shaped beams the biggest challenge was to lock in place to provide the boat with a rigid make sure the boat was light structure. A carbon enough to go fast, but also robust fibre wing profile rotates to provide a enough to protect the crew in better aerofoil shape to reduce drag. Four case of any high-speed collision. RAW 3Di sails provide strength and stiffness.
Spines attach to fore and aft sides of the main Two kingposts beneath the spines, crossbeam, the aft downward pointing spreaders for a spine also attaches carbon fibre rigging cable that runs from to the underside of the tip of the front spine all the way to the aft crossbeam. the back. This provides longitudinal stiffness, prevents movement at the midpoint of the crossbeams and enables the crew to more easily point the boat, when sailing.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 57 Dramatic speed increase to reach 40 knots, but more usually they travel at Originally, the GC32 catamaran had S foils to reduce around 30 knots. displacement (weight of the volume of water Sebastian Rogues, from Team Engie, a displaced by the moving boat) and an L-profile participating team, backed by the French rudder, but the foils were not designed to lift the multinational electric energy company of the same boats out of the water. name, explains that the GC32’s foil functions just like Then, in 2013, foiling boats replaced displacement an aircraft wing. boats at the America’s Cup, producing drastic But whereas a plane needs to keep rising to reach increases in speed. Soon afterwards, Laurent Lenne, an altitude at which it can fly safely, the catamaran’s founder of the Great Cup BV, the Dutch company foils pull the boat back down, automatically, if the that makes the GC32 catamarans, introduced J foils boat is about to lose contact with the water. to his boats. “These provide extra stability when the “It has an asymmetrical profile generating boat is lifted out of the water,” he says. lift,” Rogues says. “When sailing, the foil rake (its The GC32 Racing Tour began the following year, and now includes teams from Europe, the US, Japan and Australia. The fourth season, won by Realteam from Switzerland, finished last year. For the past two From top: years, GC32 catamarans have also been used during Competing off the Extreme Sailing series, an annual, global, short the Corsican course racing circuit, now in its eleventh year. coast; Engie’s Skipper Lenne’s catamarans are 12 m long, smaller than Sebastien the America’s Cup boats, but with bigger foils. Rogues at These foils are fixed under each of the the press catamaran’s two hulls. As the boat increases speed, conference; Onboard the foils lift either one, or both of the hulls up and Engie’s GC32 out of the water, reducing the wet area, decreasing during racing. drag and increasing speed. GC32s have been known
58 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU INNOVATION
Photos: Jesús Renedo / GC32 Racing Tour; Sébastien Rogues Sébastien Tour; Racing / GC32 Renedo Jesús Photos:
incidence) is adjusted so that the foil has the right ratio between drag and suspension.” When designing the catamaran, the biggest The catamaran’s foils pull the boat back challenge for Laurent Lenne and his engineers was down automatically if the boat is about to make sure the boat was light enough to go fast, but also robust enough to protect the crew in case of to lose contact with the water. any high-speed collision. Brett Ellis explains that to get the weight resilience ratio right, the foils were made of carbon There’s another major difference between GC32s fibre using an autoclave process common in the and the America’s Cup catamarans. The latter have aerospace industry. semi-automated systems that use hydraulics to “This material is lighter, more flexible and resilient raise and lower the foils. The GC32 foil is raised and than metal or fibreglass,” he explains. lowered manually with a rope lifting system. Crew members do this using a rake control. A continuous line that operates a worm drive, which moves the top of the foil’s case, fore (front) and aft (back) of the boat. This, Lenne says, makes his boats
easier to sail, for amateurs and semi-professional Photo: Brett Boardman sailors, not just the elites. “It’s not a difficult boat to sail, but it is difficult Top: Close-up to win races on,” Simon Delzoppo says. “As a crew, of the foils in you’ve got to get everything one hundred per cent action. Left: It right. If you don’t do everything right, you’ll lose is possible to ground (to opponents) quickly.” flip the boat as Team Zoulou Sebastien Rogues adds: “The boat must be perfect discovered. in technical terms, nothing can break. If this is the case then we are the last to finish races.”
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THE LURE OF THE SEA
imon Delzoppo, the Melbourne- “I won a US NACRA title in 1989,” he race in Corsica, up to 30 knots of wind, based IT consultant who sold adds. “I’ve been away from the sport so we were in survival mode most of Shis domain name company, for a few years, so I decided to crank the time, getting our sails down and Bombora Technologies, to Neustar it up a notch with the GC32. Can’t get foils just above water.” for $118.5 million in 2015, took part in much better than that.” Delzoppo adds that even in less the last two races of this year’s GC32 Delzoppo says it was the technology than ideal conditions, the boats can Racing Tour with his team .film racing. in the boat that attracted him still race at 25 knots. “I’ve been involved in catamaran sailing to the competition, how they’ve In September .film racing won its since I was young,” he says. used America’s Cup class boats’ first race, in Palma, Majorca. “I have Delzoppo was co-owner of 2004 performance attributes, but made three guys who raced in the last Sydney to Hobart winning maxi them affordable and maintainable. America’s Cup in my team, so we’ll be yacht Nicorette. “Conditions were windy in the last competitive,” he says.
Photos: Jesús Renedo / GC32 Racing Tour Racing / GC32 Renedo Jesús Photos:
Automation is the future outdated one, so please buy a new one,” he says. Laurent Lenne is currently considering automating At the moment, however, there are no the rake system. Not to replace the existing manual technological, and therefore, performance, system in the current boats, but in case he wants, advantages for wealthier participants. in the future, to produce a new boat that races over In a modern age where moneyed interests longer distances, in a different competition. “Maybe increasingly dominate sport; the GC32 Racing Tour with two crew members, instead of the current five,” is a hark back to the days when Nottingham Forest,
he says. “For that you would need some automation.” Borussia Mönchengladbach and Atletico Bilbao won Photo: Brett Boardman Sebastian Rogues believes that into the future, their domestic soccer leagues. When a different racing catamarans will use autopilot systems, Formula One Champion was crowned each year. automated foils and sensors to manage data And when fast bowlers could bowl as many bouncers more effectively. Brett Ellis warns, however, that as they liked on lively cricket pitches. to maintain the competition’s ethos, any new From sporting contests such as these, came more technology would also have to be compatible with Above: Simon than enough drama, romance and spectacle to Delzoppo and the existing boats. his GC32 boat secure and sustain an audience at the venues and Laurent Lenne agrees: “We don’t want to say .film racing. on television. Sporting rule makers around the world to teams, hey we’ve got a new boat, you have an take note.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 61 PEOPLE
s the Royal Australian Navy’s Anzac- class frigates sail toward retirement, fierce competition is mounting to A design and build the nine anti-submarine warships that will replace them within the next decade. British defence giant BAE Systems is one of three companies shortlisted as part of the Federal Government’s $35 billion SEA 5000 (Future Frigates) program and Australian engineer Edward Cox was seconded to Glasgow last year to work on the BAE campaign. Cox, along with naval architect and fellow Australian secondee Joe Cook, form a vital link between Glasgow and the wider BAE Systems team back home. Immersed with the UK design team of BAE’s Type 26 Global Combat Ship, the company’s most advanced sea vessel upon which the Australian design is based, the knowledge and connections he collects along the way will enhance local BAE expertise when he returns to Sydney in April next year. “We have a team in Australia that provides some input into the project but the real design authority is all in Glasgow,” explains Cox. “Part of the reason Joe and I are here is to get indoctrinated in the UK way so that when we come back to Australia we can essentially set up another business within BAE.”
Global opportunities It’s a big responsibility for a 26-year-old. Cox joined BAE in 2013 after graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering from UTS. He took on a part-time job with the company writing technical maintenance documents during his student years and gained a full-time role after graduation with BAE’s engineering team on the Guided Missile Frigate Class. “I was working on the same class of ships, but instead of writing maintenance documents I was doing designs for modifications and investigating why things were breaking.” As a child, Cox spent his school holidays pulling apart his bicycle in his grandfather’s mechanics workshop and says engineering was a clear career choice. A role with BAE was a dream job but within 18 months of joining the company, he says he developed itchy feet. “I wanted to get some international experience and I spoke to my manager about wanting to go
62 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU AYE AYE, ENGINEER BAE Systems recently sent Edward Cox over to Glasgow to develop his skills and experience in working with the world’s leading warships. This experience will prepare the young mechanical engineer to create the Global Combat Ship for Australia. By Susan Muldowney.
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The SEA 5000 (Future Frigate) self-protection systems, including program will introduce into service the Australian-developed CEA the next generation of naval surface Phased-Array Radar. combatants. It is a key pillar of the Three companies have been short- Government’s plan to modernise listed for the program:
Australia’s naval capabilities 1 BAE Systems (United Kingdom) throughout maritime South East with the Type 26 frigate FUTURE FRIGATE Asia and to enhance the local naval 2 Fincantieri (Italy) with the shipbuilding industry. PROGRAM FREMM frigate The future frigates will conduct a range of missions and be equipped 3 Navantia (Spain) with a with a variety of offensive and redesigned F100 class vessel 1 2 3
He’s also provided us with insight into Australian industry, politics and the Australian customer at a level and depth that we might otherwise struggle to obtain.”
Learning on the job BAE’s secondment program was launched in 2016 to support the company’s SEA 5000 campaign and Cox is one of three engineers to have participated. “The program is part of our commitment to begin transferring knowledge from day one of the SEA 5000 program by immersing Australian engineers in the UK processes and digital toolset, and familiarising them with Type 26 Global Combat Ship, which is the reference design ship of the Global Combat Ship – Australia,” explains Muskett. The Type 26 Global Combat Ship is a multi- mission warship of about 7000 t and is capable overseas,” he explains. “When the secondment role of speeds of more than 26 knots. It is designed to came up and I was successful, I was basically told to support anti-submarine warfare, air defence and pack up my life and go to Glasgow.” general-purpose operations and steel was cut for Cox’s manager in Glasgow, Chris Muskett, BAE the first ship in BAE’s Govan shipyard in Glasgow Systems Maritime – Naval Ships, Global Combat Ship in July this year. BAE explains that the warship’s Australia Chief Engineer, says he was an obvious versatility is enabled by its integrated mission bay candidate for the secondment. and hanger, which can support multiple helicopters, “Ed is a high performer and had the right skillset Above: Edward boats and unmanned underwater vehicles. Cox (L) and for the role,” Muskett explains. “His mobility means his colleague As Principal Mechanical Engineer, Cox is he can seamlessly bring the expertise and intellectual Joe Cook. working with a team to ‘Australianise’ the Global property he gains in the UK back into Australia. Combat Ship so it’s ready should BAE win the tender
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over its rivals – Spanish company Navantia and Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri. “It involves everything from changing the power “Instead of writing maintenance outlets from the UK plug to the Australian plug, all documents I was doing designs for the way up to all the support services for the different helicopter the Royal Australian Navy uses,” says Cox. modifications and investigating why MAXIMISING PROJECT VALUE “We’ve got some slightly different weapon systems, • Optimised design for pipeline pressure things were breaking.” a completely different radar and there’s a whole new • Australian manufacture & delivery mast, which is one of the biggest changes.” • Integrated range of fittings has his level of expertise. He has walked us through • Fast pipe lay rates Absolute experts how they’ve designed the Type 26 hull form and • End to end support—design & construction Cox says he’s been surprised by the depth of the influence the hull appendages and propellers knowledge in BAE’s UK team. “In Australia, the have on the amount of noise the ship makes. It was • 100 year design life company has a breadth of capability and can do a fascinating to see the analysis that they’d done and bit of almost anything, but the team of people here to know that it could be done in-house.”
includes thousands of engineers who have worked The winner of the SEA 5000 contract is due to be Photo: Brett Boardman on this project throughout its lifetime,” he says. announced in April next year and construction of “Some of them have designed aspects of it from the first frigate is expected to begin in Adelaide in the ground up and have become real experts in that 2020. Whether or not BAE’s bid is successful, Cox has one specific area. gained knowledge that will surely prove invaluable “It’s been handy to get to know where the for the team in Australia. knowledge is held in the company and I’ve been “Designing and building a ship is a complex able to gain some of that knowledge, too,” adds HMAS Perth endeavor,” he says. “They take care of every element Cox. “There’s a guy here who’s an absolute expert in CEAFAR masts. over here and have complete control. I don’t think hydrodynamics and I don’t think anyone in Australia that’s been done in Australia before.”
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 67 WWW.STEELMAINS.COM PGX.SEA.77 PEOPLE THINK BIG. START MOVE SMALL. “The Defence White Paper clearly articulates the need to tap into the national innovation system to QUICKLY. give our defence forces the technological edge,” he says. “We have award-winning and streamlined mechanisms to work with external partners.” This is Alex Zelinsky’s mantra for engineers with Think big He says the organisation’s number one priority is innovative ideas looking to providing support to operations. commercialise the concept. “Our Defence scientists have won several By Christopher Connolly. prestigious science and industry awards in recognition of their leading-edge research,” he says. “Darryn Smart from our Cyber and Electronic efence research shouldn’t be dismissed Warfare Division won the Clunies Ross Award for as being relevant only to the field the development and commercialisation of novel of combat, says Australia’s Chief countermeasures to protect our soldiers and vehicles D Defence Scientist Dr Alex Zelinsky, the from radio-activated improvised explosive devices commercial potential of their research is a very for use by dismounted soldiers and land vehicles.” important part of what they do. Since 2003, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) “You will know that the internet, GPS and the have become the weapon of choice for insurgents in black box flight recorder are products of defence places such as Afghanistan and Iraq. Typically, IEDs research and development,” says Zelinsky. are a hidden explosive charge attached to a discrete “What starts its life as a defence capability detonating device that can be triggered remotely. can quickly become a dual-use technology that They are cheap, easy to make, difficult to locate, and transforms our lives.” can cause many serious injuries as well as lowering The black box was famously invented in the the morale of soldiers. 1950s by Australian David Warren and his team at Smart and his team designed, developed and the Aeronautical Research Laboratory. This would produced four highly advanced systems to combat later combine with other defence-related research IEDs. They have been commercialised with an facilities to form a single organisation, known today estimated benefit of $64 million, demonstrating how as the Defence Science and Technology (DST) home-grown technological development can make Group, an organisation still dedicated to developing an impact on the global stage. innovative and life-saving technologies. Two of these projects, dubbed Greengum and Zelinsky’s role as Chief Defence Scientist includes Greygum, were developed under the Redwing leading the DST Group. He says they have signed program, an initiative of Defence’s Joint Counter science partnerships with 30 universities and 14 Improvised Threat Task Force to target IEDs in strategic alliances with industry partners, including Afghanistan. Greengum is the smaller handheld SMEs and publicly-funded research agencies. version designed for use by dismounted troops
68 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU Alex Zelinsky says Defence must tap into the national innovation system to maintain its technologiocal edge.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 69 2018 AUSTRALIA’S MOST
BE RECOGNISED FOR YOUR OUTSTANDING ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS
The search is on once again for Australia’s Most Innovative Engineers.
Following an overwhelmingly positive response last year, Engineers Australia is once again on a quest to nd and recognise the country’s most innovative engineers.
Nominations close 23 February 2018 so hurry and send in your entry. Do you work with or know any innovative engineers? Feel free to nominate them.
THE JULY 2018 ISSUE OF CREATE WILL FEATURE THE ENGINEERS WHO HAVE MADE THIS COVETED LIST
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Entry is free and the online nomination form is simple. Go to: e-award.com.au/2018/mostinnovativeengineers
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basic MK-82 weapon. Boeing was impressed with its ability to strike a target with pinpoint accuracy at up to three times the range of the original weapon. It suggested they combine the technology with the JDAM. At the Defence + Industry Conference dinner in June the JDAM Enhancement Project was judged Team of the Year and Major Acquisition Over $50 million. BE RECOGNISED FOR YOUR “These two awards recognise the collaboration between the CASG Acquisition Management Unit and the Ferra Engineering company that OUTSTANDING ENGINEERING manufactures the wing kit assembly for the JDAM weapon,” says Zelinsky. while Greygum is a more powerful system that can “DST takes pride in this ACHIEVEMENTS be fitted to light vehicles. recognition because the wing “While the Task Force had experience creating kit technology was developed by this type of device for Australian forces, Redwing our Defence scientists to extend was very different,” says Smart. “The Task Force set the range and accuracy of the The search is on once again for Australia’s Most unique and challenging demands to address specific standard Boeing weapon.” security and user requirements. This included He also highlights the Innovative Engineers. deploying the devices in the harsh operating Diggerworks program, which environment of Afghanistan for use by Afghan has resulted in an adaptive military and police units with minimal operator system for providing our soldiers Following an overwhelmingly positive response training and limited logistical support. The result with the equipment they need was an easy-to-use, disposable system with a simple to be effective on the battlefield, last year, Engineers Australia is once again on a design and low production cost.” and the Cross Domain Desktop quest to nd and recognise the country’s Thanks to their background in IED Compositor (CDDC) which countermeasure systems, Smart and his team recently picked up three most innovative engineers. delivered an initial concept demonstrator in only technology awards from the three months. Around 160,000 units have been Australian Information Industry supplied so far to the Afghan National Army. Nominations close 23 February 2018 so hurry and “The Redwing program is a fine example of innovation with Defence and industry working send in your entry. Do you work with or know any together to deliver an operational capability for the “What starts its life as a innovative engineers? Feel free to nominate them. national good,” says Zelinsky. defence capability can quickly “The rapid development of unique devices under the Redwing program has been both timely and become a dual-use technology life-saving for coalition troops.” that transforms our lives.” THE JULY 2018 ISSUE OF CREATE WILL The other two projects developed by Smart included a new device and software to provide FEATURE THE ENGINEERS WHO HAVE urgent protection for Australian Defence Force Association in South Australia. It was judged the troops against an emerging threat for which there Platform Innovation of the Year, the R&D Project of MADE THIS COVETED LIST was no existing countermeasure. the Year and best innovation in the Public Sector and Another DST project Zelinsky is proud of is the Government Markets. Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) Enhancement From top: “The iAwards recognise technology innovations The Greengum Project. JDAM was an idea developed by Boeing in handheld that have a positive impact on the community,” he the late 1990s to use GPS navigation to guide bombs device to says. “Our Cyber and Electronic Warfare Division HOW TO ENTER through poor visibility such as smoke and dust. disrupt IEDs; was recognised for developing the CDDC which DST had significant experience in glide bombs at Dr Paul Kay allows content from multiple computers of different Entry is free and the online nomination form is simple. Go to: preparing to the time from its Kerkanya project, a strap-on wing test the security classifications to be viewed securely on a e-award.com.au/2018/mostinnovativeengineers kit, inertial navigation system and movable tail unit JDAM-ER. single screen. Success stories such as these provide a that could increase the range and accuracy of a huge motivation for our scientists.”
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 71
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SIMON MURPHY CEO OF REFLIVE AND CLASS OF 2015 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION
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Move quickly Zelinsky grew up in Wollongong to the south of Sydney, and did both his undergraduate degree and PhD in robotics at the University of Wollongong, while also working at the town’s biggest employer, BHP Steel, as a systems engineer. After a few years as an academic in Wollongong, he headed to Canberra to head up the Robotics Systems Lab at the Australian National University. This group focused on human machine interactions including computer vision applications. In late 2000, Zelinsky and three other researchers from the lab created a start-up company called Seeing Machines. The company develops hardware and software to help machines interpret the human face and eyes in order to understand their state. The most obvious example of this is devices Alex Zelinsky that monitor drivers to detect when they’re getting discussing drowsy, a technology adopted by Volvo trucks back defence science innovations in 2004. at National The company now has a turnover in excess of Science Week $23 million, is listed on London’s Alternative last year. Investment Market, and has strategic relationships with companies like Caterpillar, Electro-Motive Engineer your path Diesel, Boeing, Bosch, LG and Panasonic. Zelinsky says he learnt a number of important lessons from the experience of setting up a tech “Risk taking is encouraged company. “You have to develop products that meet particularly for longer to the C-suite customer expectations,” he says. “But you need to term projects.” work with companies that have ambition and want
to create new markets that do not exist. Australian Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship DEFENCE-ACADEMIA COLLABORATION tech companies need to be born global. And must University of Adelaide recently “The University of Adelaide has seek a presence in major global markets.” MBA (Executive) Financial Technologies launched its Defence Research a great history of leading-edge Zelinsky eventually moved on to be Group Corporate Governance Marketing and Innovation Network, which research in defence over many Executive for Information Sciences at the CSIRO will see DST Group and defence decades,” says University of before being offered the position at DST in 2012. Digital Business Management Social Impact industry researchers working Adelaide Interim Vice-Chancellor He says to encourage innovative mindsets in both Entrepreneurship and Innovation Supply Chain Innovation on campus alongside University Professor Mike Brooks. organisations, he likes the three horizons approach researchers and students. The “We now want to move that developed at McKinsey and Company, where the aim is closer engagement up a gear, and deepen our first horizon is the core business, the second involves Find your perfect postgraduate course at swinburne.edu.au/agse with co-investment in key engagement through
emerging opportunities and the third is ideas for Photo: Brett Boardman capabilities for much more co-investment in key profitable growth down the road. rapid outcomes. capabilities under a “In both organisations we have sought to have a They will collaborate true partnership model. on projects across more than Experience has shown us balanced H1-H2-H3 portfolio of investment,” he says. 20 research areas, including that co-located researchers “Risk taking is encouraged particularly for longer photonics and advanced sensing, deliver greatly enhanced research term projects such as in H3. Programs such as machine learning and artificial outcomes, especially in terms of solve-it and grand challenges embrace fast fail.” intelligence, distributed software how quickly new developments And his advice for a young engineer just starting systems, and cyber security. can be made.” SIMON MURPHY out? “Don’t be afraid to be ambitious,” he says. “Find CEO OF REFLIVE AND CLASS OF 2015 the biggest problem you can and then solve it!” ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION
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THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG Founded in 1911, the University of Hong Kong is committed to the highest international standards of excellence in teaching and research, and has been at the international forefront of academic scholarship for many years. The University has a comprehensive range of study programmes and research disciplines spread across 10 faculties and over 140 academic departments and institutes/centres. There are over 28,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students who are recruited globally, and more than 2,000 members of academic and academic-related staff coming from multi-cultural backgrounds, many of whom are internationally renowned. TENURE-TRACK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Applications are invited for appointments as (A) Tenure-Track Department employs about 30 full-time faculty and has well-equipped Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical teaching and research facilities and support. The Department has a Engineering specializing in the science and technology of “Healthy vibrant research environment. Frontier research efforts are promoted Aging” (Ref.: 201701567) and (B) Tenure-Track Assistant Professor and conducted in strategic areas including, but not limited to, materials in the Department of Mechanical Engineering specializing in the and nanotechnology, advanced manufacturing, control and robotics, science and technology of “Smart Manufacturing and Robotics” thermofluids, biomedical engineering, and energy and environment. (Ref.: 201701568), to commence as soon as possible, on a three-year Information about the Department can be obtained at fixed-term basis, with the possibility of renewal and consideration for http://www.mech.hku.hk/. tenure before the expiry of a second three-year fixed-term contract. Smart manufacturing and advanced robotics, which rely on technologies derived from intelligent automation, networked sensors For post (A), the Department offers B.Eng., M.Sc., M.Phil. and and real-time learning and computation, are rapidly transforming the Ph.D. degree programmes. The University has a highly ranked medical global landscape of industry and human society. The University and school and an active Biomedical Engineering Programme, which is jointly the Department have a proven track record in midstream translational offered by the Faculties of Engineering and Medicine. The appointee is research, and are committed to facilitate and fertilize interdisciplinary expected to conduct frontier research in close collaboration with staff research efforts and crystallize impactful research outcomes. of these academic units. Candidates with expertise in research fields such as cyber-physical The Department employs about 30 full-time faculty and has systems; integrated intelligent sensors for monitoring, diagnosis, and well-equipped teaching and research facilities and support. The control; mobile robots; autonomous vehicles (e.g. UAVs, USVs); Department has a vibrant research environment. Frontier research human-robot interfaces; machine learning and optimization, will be efforts are promoted and conducted in strategic areas including, but considered. Exceptionally qualified candidates from related disciplines not limited to, materials and nanotechnology, advanced manufacturing, should also apply. Applicants should possess a Ph.D. degree in control and robotics, biomedical engineering, and energy and mechanical or a related engineering field with an excellent credential. environment. Information about the Department can be obtained at The appointee is expected to teach undergraduate as well as http://www.mech.hku.hk/. postgraduate courses offered by the Department. As the proportion of senior citizens is increasing in many industrialized societies, the need for knowledge in medicine, science A globally competitive remuneration package commensurate with and technology related to this segment of the population has become the appointee’s qualifications and experience will be offered. At more acute. The University and the Department recognize this current rates, salaries tax does not exceed 15% of gross income. strategic need and would strongly encourage such interdisciplinary The appointments will attract a contract-end gratuity and University research in the interface of medicine and engineering. Conventional contribution to a retirement benefits scheme, totalling up to 15% of bioengineering fields such as biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging basic salary, as well as leave and medical benefits. Housing benefits and design of artificial limbs will be included. Intensively studied fields will be provided as applicable. with emphasis on health related applications such as 3D printing, Applicants should send a completed application form, together with advanced manufacturing and surgical robotics will also be considered. an up-to-date C.V., a research statement and a teaching statement to Exceptionally qualified candidates from related disciplines should also the Department at [email protected]. Application forms (341/1111) can apply. Applicants should possess a Ph.D. degree in mechanical or a be downloaded at http://www.hr.hku.hk/apptunit/form-ext.doc. Further related engineering field with an excellent credential. The appointee particulars can be obtained at http://jobs.hku.hk/. Please indicate clearly is expected to teach undergraduate as well as postgraduate courses in the form the post applied for, as well as the field, and the reference offered by the Department. number. Closes February 28, 2018. The University thanks applicants for their interest, but advises that For post (B), the Department offers B.Eng., M.Sc., M.Phil. only candidates shortlisted for interviews will be notified of the and Ph.D. degree programmes. The University has a highly ranked medical school and an active Mechanical Engineering Programme. The application result.
The University is an equal opportunities employer and is committed to equality, ethics, inclusivity, diversity and transparency; and is committed to a Non-smoking Policy
The University Of Hong Kong.indd 1 17/1/18 5:06 pm ADVERTISEMENT CONFERENCES
Conferences & Events THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG February - September 2018 Founded in 1911, the University of Hong Kong is committed to the highest international standards of excellence SAVE THE DATE in teaching and research, and has been at the international forefront of academic scholarship for many years. The University has a comprehensive range of study programmes and research disciplines spread across 10 Climate Adaptation Conference 08 Location: Melbourne, VIC faculties and over 140 academic departments and institutes/centres. There are over 28,000 undergraduate and Website: postgraduate students who are recruited globally, and more than 2,000 members of academic and - tinyurl.com/climateadaption18 10 The National Climate Change academic-related staff coming from multi-cultural backgrounds, many of whom are internationally renowned. MAY Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) is partnering with Engineers TENURE-TRACK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN THE Australia to host the sixth national Climate Adaptation Conference (CA18) DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING incorporating the Practical Responses to Climate Change conference. Applications are invited for appointments as (A) Tenure-Track Department employs about 30 full-time faculty and has well-equipped Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Australian Construction teaching and research facilities and support. The Department has a International Women’s Day Engineering specializing in the science and technology of “Healthy vibrant research environment. Frontier research efforts are promoted 24 Achievement Award Aging” (Ref.: 201701567) and (B) Tenure-Track Assistant Professor and conducted in strategic areas including, but not limited to, materials MAY Location: Melbourne, VIC 07 2018 #PressForProgress in the Department of Mechanical Engineering specializing in the and nanotechnology, advanced manufacturing, control and robotics, Website: acaa.net.au - Location: Melbourne science and technology of “Smart Manufacturing and Robotics” thermofluids, biomedical engineering, and energy and environment. ACAA showcases and highlights (7 March), Brisbane (8 March), (Ref.: 201701568), to commence as soon as possible, on a three-year Information about the Department can be obtained at the innovation and project skills 09 Sydney (9 March) fixed-term basis, with the possibility of renewal and consideration for http://www.mech.hku.hk/. of the best construction projects, MAR Website: tenure before the expiry of a second three-year fixed-term contract. Smart manufacturing and advanced robotics, which rely on delivered by the nation’s very best engineersaustralia IWD.com.au technologies derived from intelligent automation, networked sensors construction companies. For post (A), the Department offers B.Eng., M.Sc., M.Phil. and and real-time learning and computation, are rapidly transforming the Australian Engineering Ph.D. degree programmes. The University has a highly ranked medical global landscape of industry and human society. The University and Conference Engineers Australia’s International Women’s the Department have a proven track record in midstream translational 17 school and an active Biomedical Engineering Programme, which is jointly 10th International Location: Sydney, NSW Day events are an opportunity for you to research, and are committed to facilitate and fertilize interdisciplinary help us #PressForProgress to achieve gender offered by the Faculties of Engineering and Medicine. The appointee is Conference on Water - Website: ausengcon.com.au research efforts and crystallize impactful research outcomes. 12 diversity and inclusion in the engineering expected to conduct frontier research in close collaboration with staff Sensitive Urban Design 19 Will the skills and knowledge Candidates with expertise in research fields such as cyber-physical profession and wider community. Join us of these academic units. - Location: Perth, WA SEP you have today be obsolete in systems; integrated intelligent sensors for monitoring, diagnosis, and for lunch to celebrate women in engineering The Department employs about 30 full-time faculty and has Website: wsud2018.org.au the future? Discover the real challenges 15 and the economic, political, and social well-equipped teaching and research facilities and support. The control; mobile robots; autonomous vehicles (e.g. UAVs, USVs); FEB Being held in conjunction and opportunities that engineers face achievements of women past, present Department has a vibrant research environment. Frontier research human-robot interfaces; machine learning and optimization, will be with Hydropolis 2018, the conference at this flagship event. Be part of the and future. The keynote is from Naomi efforts are promoted and conducted in strategic areas including, but considered. Exceptionally qualified candidates from related disciplines will focus on ‘Creating Water new frontier. Simson – one of Australia’s most prominent not limited to, materials and nanotechnology, advanced manufacturing, should also apply. Applicants should possess a Ph.D. degree in Sensitive Communities’. entrepreneurs and business leaders. Naomi control and robotics, biomedical engineering, and energy and mechanical or a related engineering field with an excellent credential. Australasian Structural is known as the founding director of online environment. Information about the Department can be obtained at The appointee is expected to teach undergraduate as well as 2018 Conference on Engineering Conference experience retailer RedBalloon. She’s an http://www.mech.hku.hk/. postgraduate courses offered by the Department. 26 Railway Excellence – Location: Adelaide, SA investor on Network Ten’s popular television As the proportion of senior citizens is increasing in many 30 CORE2018 - Website: aseconference.org.au series Shark Tank. With more than 2 million industrialized societies, the need for knowledge in medicine, science A globally competitive remuneration package commensurate with - Location: Sydney, NSW Engineering for the future: LinkedIn followers, Naomi is Australia’s most and technology related to this segment of the population has become 28 the appointee’s qualifications and experience will be offered. At 02 Website: acam9.com.au SEP ASEC 2018 will provide followed person on the business networking more acute. The University and the Department recognize this current rates, salaries tax does not exceed 15% of gross income. APR/MAY CORE is the premier technical structural engineers, students, academia platform. She’s author of three books strategic need and would strongly encourage such interdisciplinary The appointments will attract a contract-end gratuity and University event in the Australasian rail conference and industry professionals with an including the bestseller Live What You Love, I research in the interface of medicine and engineering. Conventional contribution to a retirement benefits scheme, totalling up to 15% of market and will examine the theme ‘Rail: opportunity to exchange ideas for Want What She’s Having and Ready to Soar. bioengineering fields such as biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging basic salary, as well as leave and medical benefits. Housing benefits smart, automated, sustainable for 2018’. advancing the profession. As an engaging and passionate speaker, and design of artificial limbs will be included. Intensively studied fields will be provided as applicable. Naomi will draw on her own personal with emphasis on health related applications such as 3D printing, Applicants should send a completed application form, together with Chemeca 2018 experience as a woman in the workplace advanced manufacturing and surgical robotics will also be considered. an up-to-date C.V., a research statement and a teaching statement to Systems Engineering and Test 30 Location: Queenstown, NZ to inspire you to #PressForProgress in your Exceptionally qualified candidates from related disciplines should also the Department at [email protected]. Application forms (341/1111) can 30 Evaluation Conference Website: chemeca2018.org personal and professional life. apply. Applicants should possess a Ph.D. degree in mechanical or a be downloaded at http://www.hr.hku.hk/apptunit/form-ext.doc. Further Location: Sydney, NSW - The 47th Chemeca will focus related engineering field with an excellent credential. The appointee - particulars can be obtained at http://jobs.hku.hk/. Please indicate clearly Website: sete2018.com.au 03 on ‘Chemical Engineering is expected to teach undergraduate as well as postgraduate courses in the form the post applied for, as well as the field, and the reference 02 SETE 2018 will provide a SEP/OCT in Australasia’. Chemical APR/MAY offered by the Department. number. Closes February 28, 2018. professionally stimulating engineers from Australia and New Zealand PARTNER WITH US The University thanks applicants for their interest, but advises that technical program that examines the will gather to share their insights and Engineers Australia provides a range of For post (B), the Department offers B.Eng., M.Sc., M.Phil. theme ‘Unlocking the Future through innovations relevant to the wide range of bespoke partnership and sponsorship only candidates shortlisted for interviews will be notified of the opportunities. To position your organisation and Ph.D. degree programmes. The University has a highly ranked Systems Engineering’. industries we work in. application result. at the forefront of Australian and International medical school and an active Mechanical Engineering Programme. The Engineering conferences and events enquire at: [email protected] The University is an equal opportunities employer and is committed to equality, ethics, inclusivity, diversity and transparency; and is committed to a Non-smoking Policy
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 75
The University Of Hong Kong.indd 1 17/1/18 5:06 pm TECH WATCH Technology The latest developments from WATCH around the world.
NEW THz DETECTOR Flexible terahertz detector. Illustration: Boid – Product Design Studio, Gothenburg
Demand for higher bandwidth in wireless communications and depiction for security applications has led to intensified research on systems and components intended for terahertz (THz) frequencies. A new flexible detector for THz frequencies has been developed that can extend the use of terahertz technology to applications that will require flexible electronics, such as wireless sensor networks and wearable technology. The detector uses graphene transistors on plastic substrates. It was developed by a team at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and has a number of unique features. At room temperature, it detects signals in the frequency range 330 to 500 GHz. It is translucent and flexible, and opens to a variety of applications. It may also be of potential benefit in healthcare, imaging sensors for vehicles or wireless communications.
VERSATILE MICROBOT The hybrid RoboBee can fly, dive into water, swim, propel itself back out of water, and safely land. Image: Yufeng Chen/Harvard
Engineers at Harvard University have been iterating different versions of their RoboBee hydrid microrobots, and the latest version is able to fly, dive into water, swim, propel itself back out of water, and safely land. The latest RoboBee is 1000 times lighter than any previous aerial-to-aquatic robot, at 175 mg total. This is 90 mg heavier than previous designs, but includes a number of new devices onboard, and the engineers say it could be used for various applications, from search and rescue operations to environmental monitoring and biological studies. The researchers combined theoretical modelling with experimental data, and found the Goldilocks combination of wing size and flapping rate. The robot flaps its wings at 220 to 300 Hz in air, and nine to 13 Hz in water. The key to the robot’s transition from the water into the air is four buoyant outriggers on the RoboBee, plus a central gas collection chamber.
76 ENGINEERSAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU DETECTING POLARISATION Prof Viktor Gruev (right) with graduate student Missael Garcia. Photo: Brian Stauffer/University of Illinois
A new camera, inspired by the eye of the mantis shrimp, can sense polarisation as well as colour, meaning it can potentially improve early cancer detection and help provide a new understanding of underwater phenomena. “The animal kingdom is full of creatures with much more sensitive and sophisticated eyes than our own,” said Viktor Gruev, a University of Illinois professor of electrical and computer engineering. Compared with human vision, which has three different types of colour receptors, the mantis shrimp has 16 different types of colour receptors and six polarisation channels. “Nature has devised materials such that different colours of light penetrate at different depths,” said Gruev. “If we shine a blue laser and a red laser on the tip of our finger, we can only observe the red light on the other side of the finger. This is because the red light can penetrate deeper in the tissue. Nature has constructed the mantis shrimp eye in such a way that photosensitive elements are vertically stacked on top of each other. His team realised the same laws applied to silicon BUTTERFLIES INSPIRE MORE EFFICIENT materials and, by stacking multiple photodiodes on top of SOLAR CELLS each other, they were able to see colour without the use of Nanostructures of the biutterfly’s wing can enhance the absorption rates of special filters. solar cells. Image: Radwanul Siddique, KIT/Caltech
Nanostructures inspired by butterfly wings can be added to solar cells, enhancing their light absorption rate by up to 200 per cent. A team from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany has found that the wings of the butterfly Pachliopta aristolochiae are drilled by nanostructures (nanoholes) that help absorbing light over a wide spectrum far better than smooth surfaces. Dr Hendrik Hölscher of KIT’s Institute of Microstructure Technology reproduced the butterfly’s nanostructures in the silicon absorbing layer of a thin-film solar cell and found, compared to a smooth surface, the absorption rate of perpendicular incident light increased by 97 per cent rising until it reached 207 per cent at an angle of incidence of 50 degrees. The KIT researchers determined the diameter and arrangement of the nanoholes on the wing of the butterfly by means of scanning electron microscopy. Then, they analysed the rates of light absorption for various hole patterns in a computer simulation. They found that disordered holes of varying diameters, such as those found in the black butterfly, produced most stable absorption rates over the complete spectrum at variable angles of incidence.
ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | FEBRUARY 2018 77 SPOTLIGHT
Naomi Simson Founder, RedBalloon
As well as being an entrepreneur, Simson is known as a judge/investor on Shark Tank. She will be keynote speaker at the Engineers Australia International Women’s Day events in March.
What advice would you give to other wrong, you just fix it. The biggest banks in the organisation and when I started there was entrepreneurs who have a concept country have done this work. They’ve found only 13 per cent women. Then, I was made or dream that they would like to that they have pay gaps and they do it every the membership chair and by the time I left turn into a reality? single year because the unconscious bias that post, that number had increased to When you’re driven by passion, it doesn’t happens all the time. It is never set and forget. 35 per cent. Women benefit from having feel like work but passion can actually The second thing to look at are the females in leadership to look to for guidance be exhausting for other people. It is very different characteristics of men and women and to light the path ahead. As the number important to work out what difference in an organisation. Particularly in many of these role models increase, the more you’re making to other human beings engineering organisations where there’s often women will feel an inner courage to follow because when you really nail that, you can gender imbalance. In these environments, it their own ambitions. bring other people along with you on the is important to ensure leaders are listening On the set of Shark Tank, one of the things journey. That journey creates purpose and for and nurturing the contribution of women. I love is that Janine and I never see eye to purpose is how you’re making the world a eye. If I was the only female on the panel, better place — that is engaging. they’d say that I represent the view of all women — but I don’t represent 50 per cent How do you build a culture of It is important to of the population. No, that’s just my point of diversity within a company? ensure leaders are listening view! I just happen to be a woman. We created our business from the ground for and nurturing the up based on different opinions. I definitely contribution of women.” How can both men and women didn’t want ‘mini mes’. I needed people to be achieve work/life balance? adding value to my non strengths, that was Work/life balance is a label that can make really important to me. As leaders, we create people feel bad about their lives. Personally, a framework where people need to choose to I’ve sat on a whole bunch of boards and I have no work/life balance but I have a participate. Leaders set the vision, the north even on the set of Shark Tank, I have found wonderful life. I’ve got four beautiful children, star, and create the values of the company. myself, being a good girl, waiting for my turn a dog, great friends and family but I have no Then, we align people to the pillars of what to ask a question or contribute. As women, balance. When my children were little I made we said we’re going to do, and when we do by nature we will sit, assess, make sure we’ve sure that I never had my mobile phone on that, people want to be a part of something. got all the facts, and then ask questions. me — I always put it away so that when I was Women can often feel the need for approval with them, I was really with them. I also know The 2018 International Women’s before they speak up, this needs to change. that if I want to make RedBalloon hugely Day theme is #PressForProgress. successful, I have to work hard. It’s simply a What areas of gender diversity are Is the number of women in matter of choice. Work/life balance is about most relevant today? leadership positions also an issue? being truly present in where you’ve chosen No matter the size of the organisation, you It can be a lonely place as a woman in to spend your time because when you’re have to do an equal pay audit. If things are leadership. I was once part of a membership present, you can make a world of difference.
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