Effect of Antispasmodic Agents for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Isopropamide Iodide
www.chemicalland21.com ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE SYNONYMS (3-Carbamoyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl)diisopropylmethylammonium iodide; 2,2-Diphenyl-4- diisopropylaminobutyramide methiodide; 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2,2-diphenylbutyramide methiodide; gamma-(Aminocarbonyl)-N-methyl-N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)-gamma-phenylbenzenepropanaminium iodide; Iodure d'isopropamide; Ioduro de isopropamida; Isopropamide ioduro; Isopropamidi iodidum; Isoproponum iodide; PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS RN 71-81-8 EINECS RN 200-766-8 FORMULA C23H33IN2O MOL WEIGHT 480.43 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL STATE white to off-white powder MELTING POINT 199 C BOILING POINT DENSITY SOLUBILITY IN WATER pH VAPOR DENSITY REFRACTIVE INDEX FLASH POINT GENERAL DESCRIPTION Isopropamide is a long-acting anticholinergic and antimuscarinic drug of quaternary ammonium structure. It is used in the form of the iodide, (also bromide or chloride) to treat peptic ulcer and to suppress gastric secretion other gastrointestinal disorders. Brands of Isopropamide drugs: Darbid Dipramide Isamide Marygin-M Piaccamide Priamide Priazimide Sanulcin Tyrimide Quaternary ammonium anticholinergics (Synthetic) ATC Code Product CAS RN. A03AB01 Benzilonium bromide 1050-48-2 A03AB02 Glycopyrrolate 596-51-0 A03AB03 Oxyphenonium 14214-84-7 A03AB04 Penthienate 22064-27-3 A03AB05 Propantheline 50-34-0 A03AB06 Otilonium bromide 26095-59-0 A03AB07 Methantheline 5818-17-7 Please mail us if you want to sell your product or need to buy some products) www.chemicalland21.com ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE A03AB08 Tridihexethyl 60-49-1 A03AB09 Isopropamide 7492-32-2 A03AB10 Hexocyclium 6004-98-4 A03AB11 Poldine 596-50-9 A03AB12 Mepenzolic acid 25990-43-6 A03AB13 Bevonium 33371-53-8 A03AB14 Pipenzolate 13473-38-6 A03AB15 Diphemanil methylsulfate 62-97-5 A03AB16 (2-Benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide A03AB17 Tiemonium iodide 144-12-7 A03AB18 Prifinium bromide 4630-95-9 A03AB19 Timepidium bromide 35035-05-3 A03AB21 Fenpiverinium bromide 125-60-0 03AB53 Oxyphenonium, combinations STABILITY AND REACTIVITY STABILITY Stable under normal conditions. -
The National Drugs List
^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ. -
WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No
WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 307 ,409 B2 Chase et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Jun . 4 , 2019 ( 54 ) MUSCARINIC COMBINATIONS AND THEIR (52 ) U . S . CI. USE FOR COMBATING CPC . .. .. A61K 31/ 4439 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0056 HYPOCHOLINERGIC DISORDERS OF THE (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 / 7023 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 31 / 166 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 / 216 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 /4178 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 439 (71 ) Applicant: Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /44 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K Washington , DC (US ) 31/ 454 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 4725 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /517 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 45 / 06 ( 72 ) Inventors : Thomas N . Chase , Washington , DC (2013 . 01 ) (US ) ; Kathleen E . Clarence -Smith , ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search Washington , DC (US ) CPC .. A61K 31/ 167 ; A61K 31/ 216 ; A61K 31/ 439 ; A61K 31 /454 ; A61K 31 /4439 ; A61K (73 ) Assignee : Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , 31 /4175 ; A61K 31 /4725 Washington , DC (US ) See application file for complete search history. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (56 ) References Cited patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 5 ,534 ,520 A 7 / 1996 Fisher et al. ( 21) Appl . No. : 15 /260 , 996 2008 /0306103 Al 12 /2008 Fisher et al. 2011/ 0021503 A1* 1/ 2011 Chase . .. A61K 31/ 27 ( 22 ) Filed : Sep . 9 , 2016 514 / 215 2011/ 0071135 A1 * 3 / 2011 Chase . .. .. .. A61K 31/ 166 (65 ) Prior Publication Data 514 / 215 2011 /0245294 Al 10 / 2011 Paborji et al. -
WO 2010/015655 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 11 February 2010 (11.02.2010) WO 2010/015655 Al (51) International Patent Classification: sham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham C07C 233/79 (2006.01) C07D 277/42 (2006.01) West Sussex RH 12 5AB (GB). SVIRIDENKO, Lilya C07C 255/58 (2006.01) A61K 31/166 (2006.01) [GB/GB]; Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimble C07C 311/39 (2006.01) A61K 31/427 (2006.01) hurst Road, Horsham West Sussex RH 12 5AB (GB). C07D 213/74 (2006.01) A61K 31/44 (2006.01) (74) Agent: VOEGELI-LANGE, Regina; Novartis Pharma C07D 213/75 (2006.01) A61P 1/00 (2006.01) Ag, Patent Department, CH-4002 Basel (CH). C07D 213/84' (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (21) International Application Number: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, PCT/EP2009/060150 AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (22) International Filing Date: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, 5 August 2009 (05.08.2009) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (25) Filing Language: English KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (26) Publication Language: English ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (30) Priority Data: SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, 08162006.4 7 August 2008 (07.08.2008) EP TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,969,514 B2 Shailubhai (45) Date of Patent: Mar
USOO896.9514B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,969,514 B2 Shailubhai (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 3, 2015 (54) AGONISTS OF GUANYLATECYCLASE 5,879.656 A 3, 1999 Waldman USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF 36; A 6. 3: Watts tal HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, 6,060,037- W - A 5, 2000 Waldmlegand et al. ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CORONARY HEART 6,235,782 B1 5/2001 NEW et al. DISEASE, GALLSTONE, OBESITY AND 7,041,786 B2 * 5/2006 Shailubhai et al. ........... 530.317 OTHER CARDOVASCULAR DISEASES 2002fOO78683 A1 6/2002 Katayama et al. 2002/O12817.6 A1 9/2002 Forssmann et al. (75) Inventor: Kunwar Shailubhai, Audubon, PA (US) 2003,2002/0143015 OO73628 A1 10/20024, 2003 ShaubhaiFryburg et al. 2005, OO16244 A1 1/2005 H 11 (73) Assignee: Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New 2005, OO32684 A1 2/2005 Syer York, NY (US) 2005/0267.197 A1 12/2005 Berlin 2006, OO86653 A1 4, 2006 St. Germain (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 299;s: A. 299; NS et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2008/0137318 A1 6/2008 Rangarajetal.O U.S.C. 154(b) by 742 days. 2008. O151257 A1 6/2008 Yasuda et al. 2012/O196797 A1 8, 2012 Currie et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/630,654 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (22) Filed: Dec. 3, 2009 DE 19744O27 4f1999 (65) Prior Publication Data WO WO-8805306 T 1988 WO WO99,26567 A1 6, 1999 US 2010/O152118A1 Jun. 17, 2010 WO WO-0 125266 A1 4, 2001 WO WO-02062369 A2 8, 2002 Related U.S. -
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
mAChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mAChRs (muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certainneurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibersin the parasympathetic nervous system. mAChRs are named as such because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpineand scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter found extensively in the brain and the autonomic ganglia. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 mAChR Inhibitors & Modulators (+)-Cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate (-)-Cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate Cat. No.: HY-76772A Cat. No.: HY-76772B Bioactivity: Cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate, a novel muscarinic Bioactivity: Cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate, a novel muscarinic receptor agonist, is a candidate therapeutic drug for receptor agonist, is a candidate therapeutic drug for xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome. IC50 value: Target: mAChR xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome. IC50 value: Target: mAChR The general pharmacol. properties of this drug on the The general pharmacol. properties of this drug on the gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive systems and other… gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive systems and other… Purity: >98% Purity: >98% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, Size: 10mM x 1mL in DMSO, 1 mg, 5 mg 1 mg, 5 mg AC260584 Aclidinium Bromide Cat. No.: HY-100336 (LAS 34273; LAS-W 330) Cat. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20050181041A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0181041 A1 Goldman (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 18, 2005 (54) METHOD OF PREPARATION OF MIXED Related US. Application Data PHASE CO-CRYSTALS WITH ACTIVE AGENTS (60) Provisional application No. 60/528,232, ?led on Dec. 9, 2003. Provisional application No. 60/559,862, ?led (75) Inventor: David Goldman, Portland, CT (US) on Apr. 6, 2004. Correspondence Address: Publication Classi?cation LEYDIG VOIT & MAYER, LTD (51) Int. Cl.7 ....................... .. A61K 31/56; A61K 38/00; TWO PRUDENTIAL PLAZA, SUITE 4900 A61K 9/64 180 NORTH STETSON AVENUE (52) US. Cl. ............................ .. 424/456; 514/179; 514/2; CHICAGO, IL 60601-6780 (US) 514/221 (73) Assignee: MedCrystalForms, LLC, Hunt Valley, (57) ABSTRACT MD This invention pertains to a method of preparing mixed phase co-crystals of active agents With one or more materials (21) Appl. No.: 11/008,034 that alloWs the modi?cation of the active agent to a neW physical/crystal form With unique properties useful for the delivery of the active agent, as Well as compositions com (22) Filed: Dec. 9, 2004 prising the mixed phase co-crystals. Patent Application Publication Aug. 18, 2005 Sheet 1 0f 8 US 2005/0181041 A1 FIG. 1a 214.70°C z.m."m.n... 206.98°C n..0ao 142 OJ/g as:20m=3: -0.8 -1.0 40 90 1:10 2110 Temperture (°C) FIG. 1b 0.01 as:22“.Km: 217 095 24221.4 39Jmum/Q -0.8 35 155 255 255 Temperture (°C) Patent Application Publication Aug. -
The Role of Antispasmodics in Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.309 Review articles The role of antispasmodics in managing irritable bowel syndrome Valeria Atenea Costa Barney,1* Alan Felipe Ovalle Hernández.1 1 Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology specialist Abstract in San Ignacio University Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Although antispasmodics are the cornerstone of treating irritable bowel syndrome, there are a number of an- tispasmodic medications currently available in Colombia. Since they are frequently used to treat this disease, *Correspondence: [email protected] we consider an evaluation of them to be important. ......................................... Received: 26/10/18 Keywords Accepted: 11/02/19 Antispasmodic, irritable bowel syndrome, pinaverium bromide, otilonium bromide, Mebeverin, trimebutine. INTRODUCTION consistency. The criteria must be met for three consecutive months prior to diagnosis and symptoms must have started Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most fre- a minimum of six months before diagnosis. (3, 4) quent chronic gastrointestinal functional disorders. It is There are no known structural or anatomical explanations characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with of the pathophysiology of IBS and its exact cause remains changes in the rhythm of bowel movements with either or unknown. Nevertheless, several mechanisms have been both constipation and diarrhea. Swelling and bloating are proposed. Altered gastrointestinal motility may contribute frequent occurrences. (1) to changes in bowel habits reported by some patients, and a IBS is divided into two subtypes: predominance of cons- combination of smooth muscle spasms, visceral hypersen- tipation (20-30% of patients) and predominance of dia- sitivity and abnormalities of central pain processing may rrhea (20-30% of patients). -
A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume. 1 Issue. 3, PP 57-60 www.iosrjournals.org A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health Nisreen Husain1, Sunita Gupta2 1 (Department of Zoology, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] 2 (Department of Chemistry, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] Abstract: Phytochemicals are the secondary metabolites synthesized in different parts of the plants. They have the remarkable ability to influence various body processes and functions. So they are taken in the form of food supplements, tonics, dietary plants and medicines. Such natural products of the plants attribute to their therapeutic and medicinal values. Phenolic compounds are the most important group of bioactive constituents of the medicinal plants and human diet. Some of the important ones are simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids. They act as antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and hence function to decrease oxidative stress and their harmful effects. Thus, phenols help in prevention and control of many dreadful diseases and early ageing. Phenols are also responsible for anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic and anti- septic properties. The unique molecular structure of these phytochemicals, with specific position of hydroxyl groups, owes to their powerful bioactivities. The present work reviews the critical study on the chemistry, distribution and role of some phenolic compounds in promoting health-benefits. -
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Korea, 2017 Revised Edition
J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 24 No. 2 April, 2018 pISSN: 2093-0879 eISSN: 2093-0887 https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm17145 JNM Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility Review Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Korea, 2017 Revised Edition Kyung Ho Song,1,2 Hye-Kyung Jung,3* Hyun Jin Kim,4 Hoon Sup Koo,1 Yong Hwan Kwon,5 Hyun Duk Shin,6 Hyun Chul Lim,7 Jeong Eun Shin,6 Sung Eun Kim,8 Dae Hyeon Cho,9 Jeong Hwan Kim,10 Hyun Jung Kim11; and The Clinical Practice Guidelines Group Under the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 1Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea; 2Konyang University Myunggok Medical Research Institute Daejeon, Korea; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea; 8Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea; 9Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea; 10Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and 11Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea In 2011, the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (KSNM) published clinical practice guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) based on a systematic review of the literature. The KSNM planned to update the clinical practice guidelines to support primary physicians, reduce the socioeconomic burden of IBS, and reflect advances in the pathophysiology and management of IBS. -
1: Gastro-Intestinal System
1 1: GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM Antacids .......................................................... 1 Stimulant laxatives ...................................46 Compound alginate products .................. 3 Docuate sodium .......................................49 Simeticone ................................................... 4 Lactulose ....................................................50 Antimuscarinics .......................................... 5 Macrogols (polyethylene glycols) ..........51 Glycopyrronium .......................................13 Magnesium salts ........................................53 Hyoscine butylbromide ...........................16 Rectal products for constipation ..........55 Hyoscine hydrobromide .........................19 Products for haemorrhoids .................56 Propantheline ............................................21 Pancreatin ...................................................58 Orphenadrine ...........................................23 Prokinetics ..................................................24 Quick Clinical Guides: H2-receptor antagonists .......................27 Death rattle (noisy rattling breathing) 12 Proton pump inhibitors ........................30 Opioid-induced constipation .................42 Loperamide ................................................35 Bowel management in paraplegia Laxatives ......................................................38 and tetraplegia .....................................44 Ispaghula (Psyllium husk) ........................45 ANTACIDS Indications: -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0024365A1 Vaya Et Al
US 2006.0024.365A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0024365A1 Vaya et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 2, 2006 (54) NOVEL DOSAGE FORM (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (76) Inventors: Navin Vaya, Gujarat (IN); Rajesh Aug. 5, 2002 (IN)................................. 699/MUM/2002 Singh Karan, Gujarat (IN); Sunil Aug. 5, 2002 (IN). ... 697/MUM/2002 Sadanand, Gujarat (IN); Vinod Kumar Jan. 22, 2003 (IN)................................... 80/MUM/2003 Gupta, Gujarat (IN) Jan. 22, 2003 (IN)................................... 82/MUM/2003 Correspondence Address: Publication Classification HEDMAN & COSTIGAN P.C. (51) Int. Cl. 1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS A6IK 9/22 (2006.01) NEW YORK, NY 10036 (US) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/468 (22) Filed: May 19, 2005 A dosage form comprising of a high dose, high Solubility active ingredient as modified release and a low dose active ingredient as immediate release where the weight ratio of Related U.S. Application Data immediate release active ingredient and modified release active ingredient is from 1:10 to 1:15000 and the weight of (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/630,446, modified release active ingredient per unit is from 500 mg to filed on Jul. 29, 2003. 1500 mg, a process for preparing the dosage form. Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 1 of 10 US 2006/0024.365A1 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 2 of 10 US 2006/0024.365A1 FIGURE 4 (a) 7 FIGURE 4 (b) Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 3 of 10 US 2006/0024.365 A1 FIGURE 5 100 ov -- 60 40 20 C 2 4.