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The State of the Butterflies in Mecklenburg County

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The State of the Butterflies in Mecklenburg County 20 Year Project Summary The State of the Butterflies Mecklenburg County, NC © 2018 Written by Donald W. Seriff Layout by Leigh Anne Carter “I’ve watched you now a full half-hour; Self-poised upon that yellow flower And, little Butterfly! Indeed I know not if you sleep or feed How motionless!—not frozen seas More motionless! And then What joy awaits you, when the breeze Hath found you out among the trees, And calls you forth again!” —William Wordsworth “The power to enrich a patch of earth with beautiful butterflies, no matter how humble the plot or simple the effort, is awesome.” —Robert Michael Pyle The Importance of Butterflies and Moths Well known and found on all continents excluding Antarctica, butterflies and moths are symbols for conservation. These fascinating insects have garnered much attention in recent news as pollinators, but there are also many other reasons why they are so important. Whether for their ecological, educational, or economic significance, theLepidopterans are deeply woven into our world. Ecology Science • Their presence is an indicator of a • Biologists use butterflies and moths healthy ecosystem, and ecologists use to study navigation, pest control, them to study the impact of habitat embryology, mimicry, evolution, loss and climate change. genetics, population dynamics and biodiversity conservation. • They also suggest a healthy population of other invertebrates, • Due to the popularity of butterflies, which provides a wide range of years of extensive study have provided environmental benefits, including a historical catalog capable of reaching pollination and natural pest control. through hundreds of years and across multiple continents. • They are an integral part of the food chain, they pollinate plants and support predators, such as birds and Health bats. • Recording, or just enjoying butterfly and moth species, involves getting outside and walking, which is good for Beauty both mental and physical health. • Butterflies and moths are undeniably beautiful, and have inspired many • Gardening for wildlife is a popular works of art, literature, and music, hobby, helps butterflies and moths, both historically and in modern times. and has the added benefit of relieving stress. • They are often used as symbols for beauty, fragility, nature, freedom and peace. Education • Teachers around the world use butterflies and moths to share the Economy wonder of metamorphosis with their • Ecotourism is important in many students. states and countries, for example the Monarch Biosphere Reserve • Insect migration, camouflage, and in Mexico, which helps fund chemical communication, are just a conservation efforts and supports local few other examples of lessons to be jobs. learned from Lepidopterans. Adapted from: Butterfly Conservation Europe. July 2008. www.bc-europe.eu Natural Resources Coordinator 9001 Plaza Road Extension • Charlotte, NC 28215 704-566-9061 The State of the Butterflies of Mecklenburg County coursework with at least an introduction to entomology Little Yellow and occasionally small student collections were created. Pyrisitia lisa Museums like the Charlotte Nature Museum, Discovery Place, and the Schiele Museum in Gastonia periodically displayed collections of insects from the region. Also, occasional collecting forays were conducted in the county by faculty and students at other universities, like North Carolina State and UNC Chapel Hill. By 1993, biologists had compiled a baseline list of “Just living is not enough, said the butterfly. One must have 38 species of butterflies sunshine, freedom, and a flower.” and skippers which had —Hans Christian Anderson been formally documented 1 Butterflies, skippers, and moths are all members of the in Mecklenburg County. insect order Lepidoptera, the “scaled wing” insects. They occur in a great variety of shapes, colors, and sizes, but In September 1994, staff from Mecklenburg County each has hundreds of tiny scales covering their wings and Park and Recreation Department’s newly formed bodies. Together, these insects are often referred to simply Division of Environmental Education and Conservation, as “leps”. attended a special butterfly workshop conducted by Dr. Hal Mahan, at the new Daniel Stowe Botanical Garden. The Study of Leps in Mecklenburg County The workshop included a section on butterfly counting At one time, faculty at some local colleges and universities and survey techniques. Less than a year later, on May were active in collecting, identifying, and studying the 27, 1995, staff attended the founding meeting and first diversity of insects found in Mecklenburg County. UNC- field foray of the Carolina Butterfly Society, the sole Charlotte Biology Professor Dr. Edward F. Menhinick organization committed to butterfly study and butterfly taught a lecture course in ecology and a special summer conservation in the Carolinas. In 1997, staff formally course titled Field Entomology periodically during his established Mecklenburg County’s conservation science tenure from about 1965-2005. The field entomology course program. One of the first objectives of the program was was designed to provide students with an introduction to begin a survey of Mecklenburg County’s invertebrates to the identification and ecology of insects in the North with an initial focus on butterflies and skippers. As a Carolina Piedmont. Students created insect collections and result of this program, butterfly data has been collected many of these specimens were collected in Mecklenburg in Mecklenburg County and shared with national, County. Some local leps were collected as part of these state, and local partners for two decades. This data has student collections. provided information on species presence/absence, Central Piedmont Community College Instructor Ray species abundance, flight periods, host plants, habitat Von Caldwell taught entomology at the main campus for preferences, and more. During the first three years of 28 years, from around 1969 to about 1997. Students were the new study, an additional 25 species of butterflies and required to prepare a collection of local insects to complete skippers were discovered in Mecklenburg County. the class. Again, many common local leps were collected as part of these student collections. In addition to these, Today, the official county over the years, several high school biology teachers, and list stands at 97 species faculty at Queens College, and Davidson College, provided (Tables 1 and 2). 1 Only 33 species were recorded in Notes on the Butterflies of North Carolina, LeGrand and Howard, Fourth Approximation. March 1997. Table 1. Mecklenburg County Butterflies and Skippers (2018) Red Admiral Vanessa atlanta Y Y Common Buckeye Junonia coenia Y Y Specimen Photo Red-spotted Purple Limenitis arthemis astyanax Y Y Papilionidae: the SWALLOWTAILS Viceroy Limenitis archippus Y Y Pipevine Swallowtail Batus philenor Y Y Hackberry Emperor Asterocampa celtis Y Y Zebra Swallowtail Erytides marcellus Y Y Tawny Emperor Asterocampa clyton Y Y Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes Y Y Southern Pearly-Eye Lethe portlandia Y Y Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes N N Northern Pearly-Eye Lethe anthedon Y Y Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus Y Y Creole Pearly-Eye Lethe creola Y Y Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilus Y Y Appalachian Brown Lethe appalachia Y Y Palamedes Swallowtail Papilio palamedes N N Gemmed Satyr Cyllopsis gemma Y Y Pieridae: the WHITES and SULPHURS Carolina Satyr Hermeuptychia sosybius Y Y Checkered White Pontia protodice Y Y Little Wood-Satyr Megisto cymela Y Y Cabbage White Pieris rapae Y Y Common Wood-Nymph Cercyonis pegala Y Y Falcate Orangetip Anthocharis midea Y Y Monarch Danaus plexippus Y Y Clouded Sulphur Colias philodice Y Y Hesperiidae: the SKIPPERS Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme Y Y Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus Y Y Southern Dogface Zerene cesonia N N Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus proteus Y Y Cloudless Sulphur Phoebis sennae Y Y Hoary Edge Achalarus lyciades Y Y Little Yellow Pyrisitia lisa Y Y Southern Cloudywing Thorybes bathyllus Y Y Sleepy Orange Abaeis nicippe Y Y Northern Cloudywing Thorybes pylades Y Y Dainty Sulphur Nathalis iole Y Y Hayhurt’s Scallopwing Staphylus hayhurstii N Y Lycaenidae: the GOSSAMER-WINGED Sleepy Duskywing Erynnis brizo Y Y BUTTERFLIES Juvenal’s Duskywing Erynnis juvenalis Y Y Harvester Feniseca tarquinius Y Y Horace’s Duskywing Erynnis horatius Y Y Great Purple Hairstreak Atlides halesus Y Y Zarucco Duskywing Erynnis zarucco N Y Coral Hairstreak Satyrium titus Y Y Wild Indigo Duskywing Erynnis baptisiae N Y Banded Hairstreak Satyrium calanus Y Y Common Checkered-Skipper Pyrgus communis Y Y Striped Hairstreak Satyrium liparops N Y Common Sootywing Pholisora catullus Y Y Oak Hairstreak Satyrium favonius N Y Swarthy Skipper Nastra lherminier N Y Henry’s Elfin Callophrys henrici Y Y Clouded Skipper Lerema accius Y Y Eastern Pine Elfin Callophrys niphon N Y Least Skipper Ancyloxypha numitor Y Y Juniper Hairstreak Callophrys gryneus Y Y Southern Skipperling Copaeodes minima N Y White-M Hairstreak Parrhasius m-album N Y Fiery Skipper Hylephila phyleus Y Y Gray Hairstreak Strymon melinus Y Y Tawny-edged Skipper Polites themistocles N Y Red-banded Hairstreak Calycopis cecrops Y Y Crossline Skipper Polites origenes Y Y Eastern Tailed-Blue Cupido (Everes) comyntas Y Y Whirlabout Polites vibex N Y Spring Azure Celastrina ladon Y Y Southern Broken-Dash Wallengrenia otho N Y Summer Azure Celastrina neglecta N Y Northern Broken-Dash Wallengrenia egeremet N Y Nymphalidae: the BRUSH-FOOTED
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