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THE YEAR IN REVIEW 2020: ’S ANNUS HORRIBILIS

UNC’s CONSERVATIVE & LIBERTARIAN JOURNAL, SINCE 1993.

  From the Editor-in-Chief Carolina Review is the journal of conservative and libertarian thought published at the University of North Carolina. Since 1993, we Dear Readers, have been the only published voice of con- servatism on campus. Note that each article expresses the view of the author, not the Annus horribilis (horrible year) is usually used as a descriptor for a low publication or staff as a whole.

point in the life of a monarch; a year fraught with death or scandal, like 1992 for EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Queen Elizabeth II or 2007 for King Juan Carlos I. Few could argue, however, Bryson S. Piscitelli (‘23)

that 2020 has not been the annus horribilis for all of America. EDITORIAL BOARD The country that we were raised in is effectively gone, for reasons both Elliot Gualano (‘24), Managing Editor & Satirist Jacobson “JC” Leser (‘24), Layout Editor artificial and uncontrollable. Buildings renamed and statues toppled is one thing, Adam Skrzecz (UNC Law ‘22), Law Editor but the safety of cherished like gathering for Christmas, singing the na- Alex Kelly (‘24), Opinion Editor

tional anthem before a football game, even the celebration of America’s found- MEDIA ing on July 4th 1776 are now doubtful. Life has taken a sickening turn towards Kristina Anastasia Perjar (‘21), Social Media tyranny, from the chilling of political speech in reaction to this year’s race riots Nicole Divers (‘20), Cartoonist LAW Vincent Doa (UNC Law ‘21) Colin Russell (UNC Law ‘22)

SPORTS Tupshin Zhu (’24) Luke Duckworth (’23)

STAFF WRITERS Morgan Chapman (’23), Connor Collins (’24), Sarah Kate “SK” Doherty (‘24), Nate Gibson (’23), Cabel Jarrett (’24), Mubashshir Khan (’22), Zachary Kosnitzky (’21), Devin Lynch (’22), Kristen Snyder (’24), Arthur Vu (‘22), to the destruction of small businesses by COVID lockdowns. In short, we are all Alexander Yalcin (’22) living through times we frankly never thought would come to this country. CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Despite all of these things, and seeing the ugly fact that this Union is Gray Hurley (’21) and Skylar Teague (’21) irreparably divided rear its head in the most contentious election since 1860, I EDITORS EMERITI am hopeful for America. As we have been forced into our homes during the pan- Charlton Allen, Founder demic and many disenfranchised from public life for of losing their jobs, our Nathan Byerly, Bill Heeden III, Scott Rubush, James Baley, Steve Russell, Matt Rubush, society has seen a return to the family, and indeed, a return to God. Unfortunate- Deb McCown, Adam Herring, Fitz E. Barringer, ly, sometimes a hard wakeup call is what it takes to end a sleepy daydream down Brian Sopp, Taylor Stanford, Ashley Wall, Bryan Weynand, Nash Keune, Zach Dexter, Anthony the destructive path. Dent, Alex Macey, Chase McDonough, Kelsey In lighter news, 2020 has been one of Carolina Review’s most successful Rupp, David Ortiz, Frank Pray, Alec Dent, years since our founding. This magazine is the longest we have ever released at Jesse B. Oliver 52 pages. The staff size has more than quintupled to twenty-one members since ONLINE I took over as Editor-in-Chief four months ago, and we are pleased to be joined carolinareviewonline.org this month by former DTH staffer Mubashshir Khan (whose article you can find AFFILIATE The Carolina Review is a member of the on page 31), a new foreign policy writer, Arthur Vu (p. 39), two new sports writ- Collegiate Network, an organization of the Intercolle- ers: Tupshin Zhu and Luke Duckworth, and two new law writers: CR alumnus giate Studies Institute. Colin Russell, and president of the UNC , Vincent Doa. LEGAL Carolina Review is a recognized student group at Merry Christmas to you all. If you support our work, consider donating the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a on our website, or joining as a writer. Let us pray for a better year to come! 501(c)(3), nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. This issue was paid for, at least in part, by student activity Lux Libertas, fees. All inquiries, letters, and donations should be mailed to 282 Frank Porter Graham Student Union, UNC-CH Campus Box 5210, Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-5210. Please email [email protected] for more information. Bryson S. Piscitelli Copyright 2020 Carolina Review. All rights reserved. Printed in Raleigh, North Carolina by Chamblee Editor-in-Chief Graphics, Inc.

1 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Vol. XXVII · No. 5 · December 2020

Contents

Features In Each Issue

3 2020 IN REVIEW From the Editor in Chief 1 It’s the , Stupid by Bryson Piscitelli, America is Not Systemically Contents 2 Racist by Connor Collins, Sing About Me, I’m Dying of Thirst by Nate Gibson, Viewpoints 45 Sex, Drugs, and the Abolish Greek Life Movement by Elliot Gualano 15 SPORTS Cartoon Corner 52 Is UNC a Football School Now? by Luke Duckworth carolinareviewonline.org 18 GUEST SUBMISSIONS The Needs a by Zachary Miller, Chairman of Baylor YAF, Donations & Subscriptions and Lessons From The Field: Campaigning During a Pandemic by Zach To become a subscriber to Carolina Review, give a gift, or change your Quimby, Campaign Manager of Alan Swain for Congress subscription address, contact us at 24 LAW [email protected] 2020: The Year of the Constitution by Adam Skrzecz A yearly subscription (each magazine mailed to you) is $60.

Carolina Review 27 MAN OF THE YEAR 282 Frank Porter Graham Student Union Xi Jinping and the Threat of in the 21st Century by Alex Kelly UNC-CH Campus Box 5210 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-5210

Letters to the Editor 31 OPINION Carolina Review welcomes your com- Why Don’t Each by Mubashshir Khan, King Cooper: ments, criticisms, and suggestions. Letters to the Editor should be sub- Leader of Fools by Kristen Snyder, The Climate is Changing by JC Leser, The mitted via email to carolinareviewon- Church of Science by Alexander Yalcin [email protected] or mailed to our 38 FOREIGN POLICY permanent address. Carolina Review In Defense of Drones by Arthur Vu reserves the right to edit letters for length, clarity, and vulgarity. Please keep letters to the editor below 1000 words. Not all letters will be printed. 53 DEAR MR. EDITOR Include your name, year in school, A Response to Alex Kelly’s Abortion Article by Eesha Desai, and Alex Kelly’s major, and hometown. Professors should include their department. response to the critique Join the Staff Carolina Review always needs new writers, reporters, photographers, cartoonists, web designers, etc. Please contact Carolina Review at [email protected] to find out more about how you can become a part of our team.

2 It’s the Culture War, Stupid

BRYSON SCOTT PISCITELLI Editor-in-Chief Sophomore 2020 has revealed that the Culture War is Contemporary European Studies & PWAD Major the single most important aspect of from Raleigh, NC national politics, trumping economics.

n 1992, anism is doomed to cement the even been true in the playbook of usurped incumbent Pres- collapse of the Republican Party. the twentieth century, but one im- ident George H.W. Bush In fact, Trump’s run, regardless portant difference exists between after, among other things, the America before 1992 and that Bush had infamously of 2020: America of 1992 was, failedI to uphold his promise of more or less, one unified culture. “read my lips: no new taxes.” In “Trump may not even The Democratic party, while response, Clinton’s top strategist know it himself, but moving in the general direction James Carville created a slogan of progressive social leftism, had that became an instant classic in he is not the second nowhere near the platform of, as American politics: “It’s the Econo- coming of Reagan. said at the ‘92 RNC, my, Stupid.” The logic was simple. He’s the Buchanan “radical feminism… abortion on When an incumbent President fails demand, a litmus test for the Su- to provide a healthy economy, go that got to be Presi- preme Court, homosexual rights, to the economy question. After all, dent. discrimination against religious people may think with their heads, schools, [and] women in combat but they most often vote with their units.” In 2020, these planks are pocketbooks. of the ultimate fate of his 2020 considered milquetoast by modern I argue that the period challenge, have irreversibly proven DNC standards. The only thing in American history where this that the old methods were too frail Buchanan forgot in his prediction concept was viable has ended. to withstand the whipping winds was an all-encompassing doctrine In its place, a new maxim has of change. of purging American society of its arose: ‘It’s the Culture War, Stu- Why did economics ever ‘Systemic .’ As anyone that pid!’ Because the Culture War has work anyway? If all that mattered lived through the 2020 summer trumped traditional economic and was economics, then no president of rioting can attest, American political concerns in elections, the would ever lose re-election as long culture now has manifested a very hopes of neoconservatives to ‘end as he provided better financial different breed of leftism than ever ’ and return to middling, conditions to the electorate than before, and it is not sitting well milquetoast economic libertari- four years prior. This may have with a large chunk of the popula- 3 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 The Culture War manifests a simple truth: we are two fundamentally different nations under one gov- ernment. Image source: LA Times tion. Trump changed that. build a wall to keep out criminal Importantly, the traditional Today, the right has essentially Mexican immigrants. And while value structure of the post-Rea- three camps. The first is the afore- Trump’s actions have differed gan pre-Trump GOP was one that mentioned, or neoconservatives. slightly than promised, he won, passively agreed with the premises The second are libertarians, who at his core, because of those types of the aforementioned beliefs— are even more socially libertine of promises. Even among some which is why the GOP has pro- than the neocons but resist endless sections of the Hispanic popula- gressively adopted social mores government spending and foreign tion, (Cuban and, yes, Mexican) of the Democratic Platform of a wars. The third camp, however, is Trump improved his 2020 perfor- decade prior, particularly radical the Trump camp, who disagrees mance remarkably. And it all boils feminism and antiracism— but with both. And that camp is win- down to one thing: the alternative considered corporate tax cuts and ning. has presented itself as one that foreign military interventionism Trump shocked the world fundamentally disagrees with the paramount. In other words, if an when he came down an escalator idea of American civilization. element of traditional culture had in and promised to , radical femi- to be jettisoned the loss was be- ban Muslims from entering the nism, urbanized gun control— the grudgingly accepted, but stopping , bring a hostile pro- whole gamut of the socially left Middle Eastern Wars was where tectionist approach to China, reign value structure (including that lawmakers drew the line. in our ungrateful NATO allies, and shared by neocons) is recognized

4 by increasingly large swaths of the care about your feelings’ mantra, is zation. electorate, especially immigrants, memeworthy but ultimately a tone This change is harsh, and as a different America than the one deaf. What the right needed, in in 2020, America has manifested they or their parents were prom- other words, is its own version of a itself as two antipodal national cul- ised. deeply emotional, cultural appeal, tures: each with its own icons, vil- Trump replaced cultivated, which is exactly what Trump em- lains, aesthetics, history, and even William F. Buckley-esque gradual- bodies. flags and anthems. But to ignore ism with ‘cultural .’ In a When neoconservatives this fact is to ignore the greatest society where the orthodox culture preach about how Western Civ- reality of our present society. The pushed by Hollywood, academics, ilization is founded on ‘liberal idea that the way to heal the Union newsmedia, artists, and at least capitalism,’ not only are they his- is to give cultural ground to the half of the politicians is a blend torically wrong, but they are trying ‘left’ nation, while hoping they’ll of atomized hyperindividualism, to win with a concept that has let you cut taxes and drone-strike docile urbanized consumerism, no ability to really appeal to the Arabs, is not going to cut it any- and ‘antiracist’ intersectional general population. Maybe to the more. hypersensitivity, resisting the The solution is to be elite (populism) by opposing their steadfast on the question of the values (cultural) has proved itself “How many blue col- Culture War by supporting cultural one of the most successful for the populism. The emotionally left, conversion and turnout of the elec- lar workers are fans economically right crowd has had torate. Trump may not even know of Adam Smith and their run with the GOP. When their it himself, but he is not the Second was confronted with a Coming of Reagan. He’s the Bu- , com- caricature enemy who happened chanan that got to be President. pared to fans of John to point out its serious flaws, the Even more generally, the Wayne? old guard couldn’t beat him with Right seems to be realizing that even its most seasoned politicians. its message of emotional/cultural intelligentsia, yes, but to the ev- Trumpism was so effective that agnosticism is easily trounced by eryman, no. How many blue collar even Trump’s biggest 2016 chal- joining the ‘libs’ in being bleed- workers are fans of Adam Smith lenger, runner up Senator ing-hearted. One of the reasons and Friedrich Hayek, compared who lost to Trump in the primaries why the left has been so success- to fans of John Wayne? Again, by six million votes, has since ful in its slow march through the though Trump’s core constituency conformed to the cultural populism institutions is because of its deep is obviously comprised of the ‘old playbook. emotional appeal. While many guard’ of traditional American To the academics, think of the schemes of socially-left culture— white ruralites raised in tankers, and ancient politicians thought fold as soon as they are the protestant ‘Norman Rockwell’ who are clinging to the fantasy that put into practice (hyperegalitarian- mores of the pre- that have they can revive friendships with ism, ), the ideol- seen their society’s value system their champagne-sipping urbanite ogy’s secret is that it is immune to destroyed in their lifetime— friends now that the orange man logical criticism precisely because Trump’s message of unabashed is almost gone, I am sorry to say its base was won with emotional , pro- Christian West- that your fantasy is doomed by appeal. The question to the aver- ern civilization, and particularly the facts of the American elector- age college leftist was never about opposition to ate. Populist Chauvanism is more the feasibility of the proposals or ‘wokeism’ has also won him electorally effective than meek considering economics, trade, for- great strides in most every other Romneyism, by a hard margin of eign policy actors, or the like. To racial voting base. Not only is it tens of millions of votes. Ultimate- them, the question was about ‘be- more utilitarian, but it is the moral- ly, because of the Culture War, the ing a kind human’ or ‘being a good ly righteous path, as the alternative age of Trumpism is here to stay, anti-racist.’ The right’s typical is the complete destruction of the regardless of if Trump is at the response to this, the ‘facts don’t entire identity of American civili- helm.

5 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 America Is Not Systemically Racist CONNOR COLLINS The success of Nigerian immigrants calls Staff Writer Freshman studying into question the veracity of the left’s Computer Science from Lumberton, NC claims of America’s ‘systemic racism.’

020 has been a roller- the racial wealth gap, and unequal ships to prestigious universities, to coaster of a year without education access, to ‘systemic a dedicated push in media and tech a doubt, with everything racism.’ Since, the entire American to increase ‘black representation,’ from the “horrifying and left has claimed that our country is to even direct Federal investment deadly”2 COVID-19 virus, a possi- fundamentally racist, meaning that in black communities, would not ble war with , wildfires raging everything from corporate entities, exist. This is absolutely not the through Australia, and even an in- education, media, architecture, and case. decisive election. But perhaps the even language has been structured The Black Lives Matter most important trend of this year to the disadvantage of black peo- movement does make good points has been the Black Lives Matter ple. This seems like a foolish claim about the problems faced by the Movement, and the idea of Ameri- given that the Federal Government black community. For example, can society as ‘systemically racist.’ has enforced stringent Civil Rights unemployment rates are much Let’s be clear about one legislation since the 1960s, but the higher for people of color than thing: America maintained deeply left refuses to consider any opinion whites, minority homeownership unfair policies towards her black that differs from the view of Amer- lags behind white counterparts, citizens in the past, which should ica as fundamentally racist. the median wealth for whites are be condemned. But to claim that First, let us imagine if ten times higher than blacks. To the America of 2020 is ‘system- America actually were system- them, it appears that the system of ically racist’ has absolutely no ically racist. If America indeed government has an inherent bias logical defense, especially when upheld a state policy of white against blacks. In reality, we find considering the success of African supremacy, Africans would not be through comparison of African Immigrants in America. able to immigrate to the United Americans to African immigrants When it was created in States, black people would not be to America, the problem seems to 2013, the BLM movement was allowed to hold as prestigious of lie in ‘systemic’ problems of black focused primarily on battling jobs as whites, and segregation culture, not the government system . But its message would still be enforced. Whites of our country. has grown to an all-encompassing certainly wouldn’t be teetering on African Americans seem doctrine, assigning blame of all minority status, and the endless to struggle in America, but what problems within the black com- opportunities for black Americans: about African immigrants that munity, including police brutality, from explicit diversity scholar- share their skin color? By the logic 6 of the left, the results should be the gerian-American counterparts? worse in school, and generally same. Comparing Nigerian immi- In 1964, a Democrat-controlled have worse life prospects. They grant families to African-American trio of federal branches passed are more likely to commit crimes, families will shock even the most the Economic Opportunity Act, they are more likely to drop out hardline antiracist activist, as Ni- ostensibly to help the poor. Wel- of school, to become addicted to gerian Americans have some of the fare programs like this include a drugs, to end up in poverty, to most astonishing success of any provision for federal child support, have a child out of wedlock, and ethnic group. Nigerian-Americans wherein mothers with children end up in prison. Perpetuating the have a median household income born out of wedlock are entitled cycle, if a mother has a child out of $68,658, a solid eight thousand to a check from the federal gov- of wedlock, the federal govern- dollars above the $61,937 national ernment for each child. The only ment will swoop in and cut them a average. (Source: Yahoo Finance, requirement is that there must be check, continuously breeding the 2018) Nigerian immigrants are not no male presence in the household. problems in the black community. only generally successful, but as The same goes for the Food Stamp Coincidentally, crime rates within stated by the famous black conser- Act, which gives $2,600 per child the black community have sky- vative economist , per year to single mothers with rocketed since the passage of the “Almost 25 percent of Nigerian an income of $15,000 or less. The programs. So in a way, there a sort households in America have an of ‘systemic’ racism; not racial dis- income of over $100,000,” com- crimination, but racial disadvan- pared to the 11% of African Amer- “The difference seems tage by too much misguided help ican households. More impres- from the government that destroys sively, almost sixty-two percent of to arise from the fact social bonds. Nigerian Americans over 25 have that Nigerian families America does not suffer a bachelor’s degree, leaps and are very religious, from systematic racism, colorism, bounds ahead of the under twen- or anti-blackness in the sense of a ty-nine percent average for the and because of that, lack of opportunity for members whole American population. As a maintain a strong of any racial group. The black Rice University study concludes, sense of family. community suffers from an origi- Nigerian-Americans are among the nally government-induced lack of most educated in the family strength. The government United States. worst part is: if the mother marries has failed the African American The difference seems to someone with the same earnings, community, far past the Economic arise from the fact that Nigerian she is entitled to nothing. Again, Opportunity Act, but it continues families are very religious, and a mother receiving public housing to convince them that they do because of that, maintain a strong benefits would receive a subsidy what is best for the community. If sense of family. Consequently, of about $11,000 a year, but if she America truly suffered from sys- (and its immigrant popu- would marry the father making temic racism, African immigrants lation in America) has one of the around $20,000 a year, her benefits would not have the opportunities lowest single parent home rates would be cut in half. that they have today and the black in the world, standing at a minute In other words, these acts community would be in a much 4%. Given that almost all Nigerian give the mother more money worse state than they are today. immigrants either grew up or are if she stays single and does not The black community in growing up in single parent homes, marry. In correlation with these America has suffered enough, but they succeed. Another factor in acts being passed, black house- there is a resolve for this problem. their success is that Nigerians holds in America decreased from Return to a Christian faith and do not use the welfare programs 80% of black children living in family, rather than hoping that the anywhere near as much as Afri- two-parent homes in 1960 to 35% federal government intervenes for can-Americans. in 2017. Studies show that children their community, is the only sure- So why is it that African who grow up in fatherless house- fire method to solving the dispari- Americans lag behind their Ni- holds suffer emotionally, perform ties of black success in America.

7 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Sing About Me, I’m Dying of Thirst NATE GIBSON Staff Writer Declining is pervasive, Sophomore studing Political Science & Gov but community involvement from Southbury, CT can save the country.

t long last, 2020 is ly outstanding civil society. unity and stability. As George coming to a close. Building this exceptional Washington realized, “religion and While the year will social fabric requires shared val- morality are essential pillars of no doubt live on ues. Social capital-- essentially a civil society.” In broader terms, in infamy, one the description of community trust-- is late Parliament member Jonathan Amost troubling phenomena of all what builds a robust civil society. Sacks attributes a healthy civil so- remains relatively unnoticed. One High social capital relies on shared ciety to meaningful relationships. of the core tenets which has histor- “They are conventional rather ically made our country so suc- than contractual,” he elaborates. cessful withers away in a drought “Materialism and in- “They are brought about not by of apathy. governments but by us, husbands Among the defining char- stant gratification and wives, parents, friends and acteristics of American exception- have subsumed citizens, and by the knowledge alism are classical republicanism American discipline of what we do and what we are and liberalism. The Founders makes a difference to those around believed that America rose above and grown increas- us.” In other words, a cohesive the flaws of Europe in part because ingly dominant. community structure is massively these ideals relied not only on important to maintaining a healthy government implementation but values or common goals, making republic. assumed a republican and liberal religion great at strengthening civil However, today we face a populace which would allow for a society due to its unifying abilities. crisis of building community trust minimal central authority. Thus, Indeed, history and sociological in an age of increasing secularism the exceptionalism of America is studies have found that a key facet and decreasing civility. People largely derived from its historical- of religion is reinforcing social have found new vices, new gods to

Featured Article 8 worship. Materialism and instant country-- period,” I saw pop up on playbook of polarization and wor- gratification have subsumed Amer- one account following the election. rying to rational people who wish ican discipline and grown increas- “If you voted or support Trump, in to return a sense of community to ingly dominant. the most disrespectful way possi- our country. Modern social and insti- ble, get the f**k out of my life and Boycotting companies on tutional decay threaten our civil off my Instagram,” touted another. the basis of political views which society and hence our republic. The platform was flooded with executive members hold is also be- Social unrest and tumult pervaded people unwilling to befriend those coming commonplace. ‘Progres- 2020, the resilience of our social who thought differently than them, sive’ figureheads like Alexandria fabric. an occurrence which struck me as Ocasio Cortez decry patronage of Social decay has exponen- paradoxical given the inclusive tiated in recent years and come to sloganeering sandwiched between a head 2020. Questioning intent the attacks. “Elections always and attributing malice to one’s Elections always raise the political counterparts has become temperature of rhetoric, but shared raise the tempera- commonplace; the days in which values derived from founding ture of rhetoric, but one could befriend those across the principles seldom come under such aisle sink further into the past. As scrutiny. New theorists question shared values derived a case in point, 1960 Democrats the truth of American founding from founding prin- and Republicans saw no problem ideology, disputing the notion of ciples seldom come with their children marrying across America as a land dedicated to in- creasing throughout history. under such scrutiny. Slogans like ‘vote like your life depends on it’ are representative apolitical companies like Goya “The platform was of this growing ideology, carrying for inconspicuous statements of flooded with people a certain weight when paired with political support for Trump. If the reality that some genuinely our country cannot even engage unwilling to befriend believe that our famed culture of in market transactions with one those who thought rights is oppressive. An assump- another because of politics, we’re differently than them, tion that one’s life is in jeopardy in trouble. should a political opponent win via This marked decline in an occurrence which democratic means poisons the well social capital has inspired a slew struck me as para- of dialogue. If one cannot assume of explanatory theories; in my doxical given the in- the basic humanity of their polit- opinion, the most interesting and ical counterpart, hopes for a civil comprehensive of which appears clusive sloganeering society are far-fetched. Fueled in Robert Putnam’s book Bowl- sandwiched between by identity politics, new pieces of ing Alone. Putnam affirms the the attacks. literature like How to be an An- downward trend of social capital ti-Racist emerged in 2020. With it, and cites a variety of perpetrators. party lines; yet, according to the a new dichotomy was propagated; Some notable contributors include , a majority you’re either with us or against economic strain and social conflict are opposed to the practice today. us. Unless you agree with often between individuals and groups. Common respect is diminishing, the most radical prescriptions of a Interestingly enough, the economic replaced by vitriol and scorn. In debate, you are the problem. You divisions and social conflict be- fact, look no further than the are no longer colorblind; you are tween groups has become a large Instagram stories of your own racist. You are no longer pro-life; focus of the progressive left while peers for proof of our sad state of you are misogynistic. You are no civil society splinters. Of course, affairs. “No matter how this turns longer an advocate of traditional I am not suggesting we ignore out, the closeness of this election marriage; you are homophobic. the plight of genuine victims; affirms that America is a racist The practice is straight from the however, the hyperbolized focus

9 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 on alleged oppressive structures power hungry opponents, these the aisle and have a conversation sow distrust society writ large. outgrowths of social decay destroy with someone who disagrees with By repeating the misnomer that our faith in institutional decency you. Most importantly, listen and everything but you is responsible and further damage civil society. take well-intentioned arguments for your lack of success, learned But, not all is lost. These to heart. We cannot succumb to helplessness and distrust of those developments should be alarming, castigating our opponents as mor- around you seem to be a natural but also a call to action. A healthy ally inferior for if we do, we are reaction. civil society is of paramount im- no better than what is tearing us Institutional decay has also portance to conservative and liber- apart. In your community, engage become an infestation, with trust tarian success. While there are a with opportunities for community in government and media at all plethora of benefits to minimizing involvement. Whether this takes time lows. This, I would argue, the authoritarian capabilities of the form of going to church more, is a direct result of social decay. government, joining a rec league, or volunteer- When those who disagree with you by itself is a dead end. A strong ing at the local food bank, do it. are disparaged as malevolent, the You will live a more fulfilled life stakes of politics are dramatically when you feel as though you share raised. No longer is purpose with your neighbors in merely well-intentioned people I“ am not suggesting working towards common goals. having different means to the we ignore the plight Shared values that build social same goal of progress; rather, your of genuine victims; capital and ensure the very same opponents will result in the death civil society esteemed by Amer- of the values you hold dear. With however, the hyper- ican exceptionalism need to start stakes like these, why would col- bolized focus on somewhere, after all-- let us be laboration be encouraged? alleged oppressive that force of good. Take that leap Therefore, some of the of faith and introduce yourself to most basic elements of our Con- structures sow a neighbor. Commit a random act stitution have come under attack. distrust society writ of kindness. As banal as it sounds, Nothing is sacrosanct anymore; the large. it will make you a happier person Supreme Court is prone to being and will raise your faith in the packed, the filibuster on the brink social fabric is absolutely essen- community around you. of abolishment, the Senate seen as tial to a prosperous country and Ultimately, social and insti- backwards, and the electoral col- particularly necessary to one with tutional decay will destroy a neces- lege archaic. Despite low levels of minimal central authority. Thus, sary basis for our country if we do trust in the government, authori- we should be proactive in building not fight back. If we want to live tarian impulses seem ever popular. a country we want to share. There in a country in which we see each Division between parties and their are two such ways to do so: the other as humans-- not opponents-- trust in institutional structures like way we speak with each other and 2021 is the year to change. While the mass media have also grown. the way we live together. it may seem as though one per- According to Gallup, the gap The manner of our dis- son’s attempts to build civil soci- exploded to a whopping 63-per- course must improve to foster a ety back up are futile, communities centage points in 2020-- only 10 better civil society. We must avoid of love can be started by the brave percent of Republican respondents excessive hyperboles and gener- actions of a few. Civil society may admitting confidence in the media. alizations by specifically labeing be dying, but this does not mean Trump administration scandals what we disagree with in an argu- that we should all be coroners. lacking evidence and a suppressed ment and standing by our convic- Before it is too late, be the change story have been tions. Be truthful in your opinions you want to see and start today. among the many incidents which but not unnecessarily incendiary. strip conservative trust in main- Look at what you so despise in stream news. With the percep- the response of the other side and tion of a weaponized media and do the opposite. Reach across

Featured Article 10 Sex, Drugs, and the Abolish Greek Life Movement

ELLIOT GUALANO Those involved should be punished, but Managing Editor Freshman studying why punish the many for the crimes of Finance from Asheville, NC few? The Anti-Greeks don’t mind the hypocrisy.

hat an event- students that call for an end to “Greek ideal” and are capitalizing ful few days “The War on Drugs” are the same on an opportunity to disparage the for Greeks on people that want to punish their system out of spite. campus. With fellow students for what amounts a stroke of to distant association with drug One thing I should make W Guskiewicz’s distribution. Why is this situation very clear: The individuals in- pen, fraternities Kappa Sigma, met with judgment and calls to volved deserve to be brought to Beta Theta Pi, and Phi Gamma justice. While personal use is one Delta have all lost university thing, the amounts that were traf- recognition, and with it the ability ficked point to a direct contribu- “Their claims are irra- to participate formally in social tion to an endemic drug problem in events on campus, including rush. tional, make no mis- North Carolina schools that needs With this news there has been take, but they more to be addressed. These people an expected and vocal call from deserve to be brought to justice, various unaffiliated (usually pro- importantly reflect as their unregulated sale of drugs gressive) students on campus to a deeper hypocrisy has likely led to addictions, depen- suspend the Greek system entirely, within many students dencies and further proliferation of citing their supposed “” dangerous narcotics to a vulnera- and exclusionary practices as at Carolina that sym- ble population. Their actions were egregious offenses to student life. pathize with this out- destructive to their chapters, UNC Their claims are irrational, make rageous proposal. Greek life, and to the UNC student no mistake, but they more impor- body as a whole. The three former tantly reflect a deeper hypocrisy dismantle a huge institution that students deserve a just punishment within many students at Carolina is a backbone of this school? It’s that reflects the immensely nega- that sympathize with this outra- not out of genuine concern, not tive impact on the health and lives geous proposal. So many of the even close; these students hate the of our student body. This does not

11 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Kappa Sigma fraternity was among the three suspended by the University over ties to a multimillion dollar drug trafficking operation. mean that entire chapters should rapists and alcoholics. This drug know, this includes all of Frater- be punished. It is likely that many bust is more ammunition for these nity Court, Little Fraternity Court, of the current brothers in these fra- ignorant and misguided individ- and the chapter houses around ternities never even knew the indi- uals, and this attitude reveals a North Campus. All three of the viduals involved, and the admin- great deal about how much they fraternities cited for drug use are istration’s decision to rescind their truly care for their normal atti- a part of this group. Traditionally, recognition was an emotional ges- tudes toward drugs when it comes these specific organizations are ture that only accounted for CBS majority-white, and some are in- headlines. In the same vein, thou- herently restricted to richer fami- sands of students should not be lies and students due to the cost of punished for the actions of a few: “This is why the non- membership dues. While this is far collective punishment is barbaric Greek left supports from true in many UNC fraterni- in a university setting. Penalizing ties, many people make judgments 20% of the UNC student body by these punishments about the system as a whole from cutting off their support networks, and calls for destroy- these misconceptions, and they social life, unique brotherhood ing the Greek system. believe that the benefits of Greek and sisterhood, and even housing life’s lineage and organization is malicious and unbelievably They feel excluded. excludes them. ignorant of blatant discrimination This is why the non-Greek based on association, and that goes to people that they dislike. When left supports these punishments against the very spirit of a univer- most people advocate abolishing and calls for destroying the Greek sity campus with an exchange of Greek organizations, many of them system. They feel excluded. They ideas. really only care about targeting believe that because these orga- Campus left believes that IFC fraternities, which make up nizations are traditionally white Greek life as a whole is composed most of the traditional fraternities and single-gender, there is nothing of little more than drug dealers, on campus. For those who do not positive that comes from Greek

Featured Article 12 life. For people involved, howev- social life revolves around Greek of Greek life, you will not receive er, no matter what race or gender, life. These enormous benefits are their compassion. You do not having a brotherhood or sisterhood open to anybody who respects the deserve their compassion, because is worth the price tag alone. Along system and can mesh well with you are a part of an unapproved with this, the personal and pro- others. Unfortunately, the most group. Their self-exclusion from fessional connections, enhanced severe detractors tend to be the Greek affairs has led to making social life, and life experiences are most insufferable, so perhaps not villains out of Greek members and simply unmatched by any other everybody can meet that criteria. the organizations as a whole. So venture campus offers. It’s usually As it turns out, many much for tolerance and sympathy. the same people that scoff at the progressives on campus believe All of that said, my per- idea of “paying for your friends” that some issues take precedence sonal experience had nothing to do that are trying to get into our par- over others. According to the with the usual claims of racism, general opinion, privilege comes sexual assault or hard drug abuse, over helping drug users. Many like many would want you to be- of the internet warriors on our lieve. Joining a fraternity was the “For people involved, campus have far harsher words to greatest decision I have made in say against their fellow students college so far (apart from writing however, no matter online, and instead of choosing this article for Carolina Review, what race or gender, compassion and pointing afflicted of course), and exactly what I having a brotherhood men to rehabilitation and support, mean cannot really be described to many UNC progressives chose critics that get their opinions from or sisterhood is worth alienation. Surprise, fraternity news articles and “horror stories”. the price tag alone. men are human as well, and drug I hope that the brothers in the sus- problems in vulnerable students do pended chapters will get back on ties, after all. Call it the tragedy of not deserve this holier-than-thou their feet as soon as possible going the commons, call it sour grapes, attitude and jeering reaction. The forward, because I know that many but the positive benefits are un- response from many people in the of them feel the same way and deniably granted to the rest of the UNC student body is that if you’re deserve a path to good standing, student body with just how much unfortunate enough to be a part no matter their past or association.

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13 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 sports

Image: Daily Tar Heel 14 Sports

Is UNC a Football School Now?

LUKE DUCKWORTH Sports Columnist The rise of UNC’s football program is Sophomore studying Statistics & Analytics certainly remarkable, but is it comparable from Morganton, NC to the historic basketball program?

hen you think Last year the team hit This year, the hope has of sports at a low point. Coming out of the again fallen on the shoulders of UNC, bas- successful 2018-2019 season, the the young, talented recruits along ketball likely Tar Heels lost some key play- with the veteran players Brooks, comes to mind. ers in Cameron Johnson, Coby Black, and Bacot. Caleb Love and GivenW the undeniable legacy and White, Nassir Little, and Luke R.J. Davis are both very talented mark that the team has left on the Maye. Given this setback, the team back court players that have joined world, it is hard to see why that needed others on the team, like the Heels as Freshmen, but the wouldn’t be the case. Historically, Leaky Black, Garrison Brooks, team still seems to be lacking its UNC has produced great players and Brandon Robinson to step up usual cohesiveness. So far, UNC like Vince Carter, Danny Green, to fill the void that was left. They has a winning 4-2 record, but the Coby White, and of course The also looked for new talent in the games have been a little too close Black Cat himself, Michael Jor- incoming recruits. Armando Bacot for comfort. The Heels have had dan. Furthermore, the team boasts turned out to match Garrison unusually close games with teams an impressive 6 NCAA National Brooks’ ability to get in the paint. like Stanford and NC Central, who Championship wins, a .736 all- Additionally, the star recruit from wouldn’t normally pose a threat to time win percentage, and averages , Cole Anthony, turned UNC. After losing to , the Tar more wins per season than any heads with his agility and aggres- Heels fell 6 spots in the AP Rank- other college basketball program. sive play style. The team showed ing to number 22. Each player on The list goes on, but it is safe to promise, but ultimately this wasn’t the team has undeniable say that UNC Men’s Basketball is enough to maintain the dominance talent, but their skills aren’t mesh- a dynasty. that is expected from a team like ing as a cohesive unit. I am hope- Even with this spectacular UNC. The Tar Heels finished the ful that the Tar Heels can find their resume, no team is flawless.Teams season with a disappointing and groove, but as of now, the team is build and rebuild. Players come atypical 14-19 record. sloppy. and go. Dynasties rise and fall.

15 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Dyami Brown during a game against the Cavaliers on November 02, 2019 in Kenan Stadium. Photo by Grant Halverson/Getty Images Let’s contrast this with turned last year and brought with rankings. Winning scores like 31- another sports team at UNC. Tar him a winning attitude. His spirit 6, 49-9, and 62-26 were previously Heel football has never really been resonated with the players as well unheard of in the UNC football a focal point at the university. The as the student body. The phrase program, but are now a fairly basketball team has always dom- “Mack is Back” could be heard regular occurrence. The current inated and, let’s face everywhere around campus on team, led by Sam Howell, is one it, the football team has not been game day and echoed throughout of the best in UNC history. After known for being outstanding. The the stadium. This revival of soul defeating Miami and rising in the team has not been to one of the coupled with the young talent of power rankings, the Tar Heels are 6 major College Football Playoff Freshman quarterback Sam How- officially facing Texan A&M in bowl games (the New Year’s Six) ell carried the team to perform at a the Capital One Orange Bowl, one and the most recent conference much higher level. The Heels sold of the New Year’s Six! Attending championship was won in 1980. out every home game and earned the Orange Bowl for the first time That was 40 years ago. After this, a spot at the Military Bowl, where will be a giant step in this new era their high point was from 1988 to they demolished the Temple Owls, of UNC football history. The Tar 1997, where coach Mack Brown 55-13. Since then, the team has Heels have never faced the Ag- maintained a 69-46-1 record garnered much more media atten- gies and it seems like most people over those 10 years, but after his tion than in previous years and is expect a blowout by , given replacement, the team fell back showing an extreme amount of the Tar Heels’ history, but with into a state of mediocrity, inching promise. the team flying as high as they towards embarrassment. That is, As of now, the team has are now, it seems like anything is until recently. maintained its dominance and has possible. The Tar Heels are on the Coach Mack Brown re- risen in the latest Football Playoff rise, and it is incredible to watch.

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17 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 The New Right Needs a New Deal ZACHARY MILLER Guest Writer Chairman, Baylor YAF

n his Second Inaugural their view there is no greater here- American society in a manner Address, President Frank- sy than to suggest the government never seen before. lin Roosevelt claimed that has an obligation to keep corpo- Mention the New Deal the measure of a healthy rations and scientific innovation to a modern conservative — a country is not “whether under control. A rising tide lifts right-liberal, more accurately weI add more to the abundance all boats, so the saying goes, and — and in all likelihood you’ll of those who have too much” government involvement keeps the hear them audibly hiss. Popular but rather “whether we provide tide from rising. right-liberal commentator Ben enough for those who have too Roosevelt did not agree. Shapiro has said that the New little.” He celebrated that his New He believed that the government Deal made the Great Depression Deal had, in an allegorical refer- ought to provide opportunity and last a decade longer than it should ence to the Gospels, driven the benefits to the poor and the elderly. have. Likewise, he callously dis- money changers from the temple. He feared the privatization of pow- misses claims that the New Deal And he pressed the necessity of er, saying that to allow “ownership was desperately needed by Amer- government involvement when of government by an individual, by icans at the time, saying that they solving society-wide problems of a group, or any controlling private would have been far happier had great magnitude, saying that “we power” was tantamount to . they been “steadily employed by had been unable to create those He believed that the people de- a private enterprise.” In the same moral controls over the services served a voice in their government vein, columnist of science which are necessary and feared the gradual progression has critiqued FDR for implement- to make science a useful servant towards in America. ing the New Deal not to help the instead of a ruthless master of He believed that the “welfare and poor and downtrodden, but out of mankind,” and further that “we rights of the many” ought to be an authoritarian desire for “con- must find practical controls over conserved, not only the rights of trol” at the expense of individual blind economic forces and blindly select elites. . selfish men.” And to this end, Roosevelt Because of the shallowness To many conservatives instituted his New Deal. A series of their ideology, men like Shapiro — fusionists in particular — Roo- of programs designed to regulate and Goldberg miss a crucial point sevelt’s claims are anathema. Ac- and reform powerful corpora- — at the time, Americans didn’t cording to them, it is the job of the tions, provide financial assistance see the New Deal as a terrifying government to interfere as little as to farmers, the elderly, and the power-grab set loose on them by possible in the economy; to allow unemployed, and public works the demons of Hell to curb their the rich to accrue unlimited wealth projects which would provide jobs . They saw the New Deal in hopes of that wealth trickling to Americans desperately in need as salvation, and FDR was their down to the poorest Americans. In of work. It completely re-ordered messiah. After all, a rising tide

18 will do nothing for a man whose An alliance between social conser- college-educated suburbanites to boat has already sank. FDR and vatives and economic libertarians, blue-collar workers of all races. He his New Dealers promised to raise was first taken up by shifted the GOP base by appealing Americans’ sunken boats from and eventually directly to working-class voters. the depths and deliver to them the , the latter of whom He promised to put America and promise of America which had would cement it as the modus her interests first; to renegotiate been lost. operandi of conservative poli- trade deals, to clean up corrup- The New Deal was so tics. Fusionists ostensibly believe tion in Washington, to restore popular that Roosevelt was elected that though virtue is important, it American industry, and to fight to four consecutive terms and the cannot be imposed by government against the rapid liberalization of first Republican to take theWhite and is by its nature an individual American culture. Above all else, House after him, Dwight Eisen- concern. Thus, the government he promised to make America the hower, was elected on a pro-New ought not aid or inhibit its people great country we’ve always been Deal platform. After Eisenhower from pursuing it. Economically, told it is. For many, and for the took office, the Republican presi- they adhere to a dogmatic form of white working-class in particular, dent was comfortable enough with economics which is it is difficult to see how we live in the popularity of the programs that animated by profit maximization the greatest country in the history he expanded them significantly. with no consideration given to of the world when day-to-day life This persisted through the 1970’s, societal externalities. is filled with despair with no ap- after which Republicans began Enter . Since parent way out. And though Trump to staunchly oppose government his victorious 2016 campaign, lost his bid for re-election, his im- programs of all sorts as a result of the Republican Party has seen its pact on conservative politics will the party’s embrace of fusionism. constituency shift from wealthy, be felt for generations to come.

Thirty-second President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (left) and forty-fifth President Donald rumpT (right). Photo by Baltimore Sun 19 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 The right-liberals who continue to ment there are winners and losers; and birth rates, rapidly increasing trot out the tired fusionist mantra in the Depression FDR and his suicide rates, and gross injustices of tax cuts and have won decisive- such as legal abortion. Whereas been shoved to the side, while the ly, but it remains to be seen who Roosevelt re-ordered the United ascendant conservative voices are will emerge victorious from this States towards economic regula- calling for a re-ordering of the tion and financial benefits for -ev government to protect families, eryday Americans, our New Deal workers, and the poor and to put would spark a religious revival the needs of Americans ahead of “...both men under- and orient the country towards the profits of multinational corpo- stand that the future the Highest Good. American law rations. These conservatives — of- would be brought in harmony ten called common-good conserva- of American politics with the . And just as tives — are taking Trumpism to its does not lie with several generations of Americans logical conclusion. They’re rein- those who pander to saw FDR as a messiah who deliv- venting the GOP and displacing ered them from economic despair, powerful conservative institutions monied interests, but Americans not yet born would with rapidity. As a result, demo- to those who look back and thank us for deliv- graphic groups which have never champion Americans ering them from the inexorable voted for Republicans are doing march of liberalism. so in numbers previously thought who have been As President Roosevelt impossible. Though they’ve lost left behind by our said, we are unable to create eco- some ground in the suburbs, Re- present system. nomic and moral controls without publicans are now winning coun- the use of government power. At ties on Texas’s border with Mexico present we are living with the con- that are universally Hispanic. A realignment. The Republican Party sequences of blind, uncontrolled similar trend can be observed in should take Senator Hawley’s lead economic forces pursuing their Florida, where Republicans are and make sure that it’s them. own interests without regard to gaining in heavily Hispanic urban To do so, common-good conser- societal ramifications. Monopolies areas. Simply put, we are living vatism must displace fusionism as are common, wages are stagnant, through one of the most significant the de-facto conservative ideology. prices are rising, our culture is dy- realignments in American political Instead of socially-neutral and fis- ing, and to much of what we pur- history. cally libertarian policies, the GOP chase is made by slaves in foreign Senator (R- should pivot toward policies which countries. Fusionists believe that MO) and Senator Bernie Sanders order society toward the Highest the answer is to further decrease (I-VT) recently joined forces to Good, that being the will of God regulation and shrink government force direct stimulus payments and His Church. And to this end, such that corporations like Ama- to Americans in the wake of the common-good conservatives must zon can rival its power. But if the COVID-19 pandemic. Usually, put forward their own version of Republican Party wants to thrive these two men would agree on FDR’s New Deal. in the years to come, it will reject nothing. The former is a religious, Though Roosevelt’s was this. And in its place, it will put common-good conservative. The a reaction to economic conditions forth a bold platform to achieve latter is an atheist who self-iden- which threatened to unravel the the common-good — a conserva- tifies as a democratic socialist. fabric of America, ours would be a tive New Deal. But both men understand that the reaction to the natural byproducts future of American politics does of liberalism — the subordination Zachary Miller is the Chairman not lie with those who pander to of religion to the liberal state, of Young Americans for Freedom monied interests, but to those who the concentration of wealth in at Baylor University. He is also champion Americans who have the hands of a few secular elites, the Editor-in-Chief of the Baylor been left behind by our present abuse of slave labor by American Judge and a Contributor to the system. In every political realign- corporations, declining marriage College Fix.

20 Lessons From The Field: Campaigning Through a Pandemic ZACH QUIMBY Guest Writer Masters Student at American University Former Vice President of at High Point University

iven all that spring. Soon enough, however, wouldn’t only this year’s 2020 has been, this year’s election would present election, it would be a life-changer the 2018 mid- a hurdle that would challenge all for the world of politics. terms seem like a of the lessons I learned in 2018: In the immediate weeks strange memory we would be campaigning amid a and months that followed the Pres- fromG a distant past. At the time, global pandemic. ident’s declaration of the pandemic then 20-year-old me was helping When the COVID crisis as a national emergency, two prev- manage North Carolina Represen- began in March, I could never alent problems emerged: time and tative John Faircloth’s re-election have imagined the impact that campaign. On the team, my pri- the pandemic would have on this mary role was to craft and imple- year’s election and beyond. In “In the immediate ment the campaign messaging. As particular, how drastically it would an undergraduate student, it was affect the campaigning norms I weeks and months an invaluable opportunity to learn had studied, learned, and prac- that followed the all about the inner workings of a ticed so diligently in 2018. As campaign. After we won, I took the first business closed and the President’s declara- quite a bit of time to reflect on the first schools sent students home tion of the pandemic lessons I learned - from campaign for virtual learning, our campaign as a national emer- finance to fieldwork - ones that issued a fairly typical statement I then used this year as I started as one would when something gency, two prevalent managing Alan Swain’s tragic happens. Within a few days, problems emerged: U.S. Congressional campaign however, it became abundantly time and money. in the Second District early last clear that this public health crisis 21 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 money. On the money front, how moved to Phase II of reopening, it paigning in more normal times. could our grassroots campaign had been nearly two months since Alas, it was quite the challenge for raise the money needed to run an the shutdowns began. We found a campaign unable to hold large effective campaign as nearly twen- ourselves just about five months in-person events or visit events ty million people were losing their from election day with an incred- throughout the district, as there jobs? As the first wave of Corona- ible amount of ground to cover. were few and far between. Col- virus swept the country, we paused The time and money problems onel Swain, both well aware of our active fundraising. Ethically, it were still at the forefront of our the challenge this would be and was the right thing to do, and I’m minds, albeit in shifting forms. well-versed in the tactics of mil- glad we did it. At the same time, Financially, we were forced to itary surprise, quickly proposed however, we knew that it would resume active fundraising; it was a solution. He suggested making not be a sustainable solution long difficult. Many people still found large wooden signs to blanket the term, and that we’d have to revisit themselves without jobs and extra district with. The signs were to it later. With regards to the time cash on hand to donate to politi- be small enough to fit within all problem, the question was this: cal candidates and causes. Still, regulations and to be as simple how could we as a campaign use however, we fundraised a respect- as the messaging on the normal this extended period of isolation yard signs, reading just “Swain effectively? Not knowing how For Congress.” His overarching long it would last, we swiftly came goal with the signs was simple too: together and brainstormed some “... the core lesson of when people would drive past the ideas. In the end, our campaign what we coined “pan- sign, they’d ask, “who’s Swain?” decided to create a free online and then look it up. At first, other town hall series, operated through demic campaigning:” members of our team seemed Zoom and , designed you have to be skeptical of the practicality of this to connect future constituents innovative and you plan online, myself included. We with elected officials, candidates, went forward, and these wooden and experts from certain fields. have to take chances. signs ultimately proved themselves Our goal in this endeavor was to effective. Within the first two days provide people with something able amount relying on small of them being placed around the helpful, informative, and easily donations from everyday people county, website traffic quadrupled. accessible. In doing so, it was al- who cared about the values we Doorknockers reported an increase most as if the campaign was acting believed in and the movement we in name recognition and many as an elected office would during were building. The time problem more people who would excited- a time of crisis. In addition to our still existed too, though we were ly explain that they had seen the #TeamSwain Town Hall series, able to resume some socially dis- signs along their daily travels. our campaign donated over 70,000 tanced field operations, like phone Despite any initial hesitancy about pieces of PPE to frontline workers banking, peer to peer texting, and these signs, they worked. And this across the Carolinas, primarily to doorknocking. These endeavors, became the core lesson of what we hospitals and clinics within our while traditional, were noticeably coined “pandemic campaigning:” district. different than they were before and you have to be innovative and you Our short-term solutions presented new challenges because have to take chances. While a plan proved to be fairly effective. of the pandemic almost daily. might not line up with past norms Despite our paused fundraising Perhaps the largest chal- or be liked by everyone, some- efforts and inability to gather lenge that presented itself with times you have to take a calculated in-person, our social media follow- such a condensed time frame was risk. You have to be willing to ing grew exponentially as a result how to gain widespread name adapt and to try new things all at a of our new town hall series. At recognition for the candidate. It’s moment’s notice. the same time, however, time had a problem that every first-time Altogether, we can chalk somehow magically disappeared. candidate faces, and it’s hard to up 2020 as a truly different elec- By the time North Carolina had overcome even when you’re cam- tion cycle. The question that

Featured Article 22 Altogether, the pandemic present- ed some unique challenges to the world of electoral politics and forced adaptation that will perhaps make connecting with voters and coalition-building easier over the years to come. Of course, howev- er, politics is ultimately unpredict- able, and only time will truly tell.

After running unopposed in the Republican Primary, Alan Swain lost the election for U.S. House to Democrat Deborah Ross, former President of the ACLU.

remains to be seen is what practic- es of pandemic campaigning will stick, and which will fade away into history as temporary adapta- tions. From what I saw this year in the field, I’ll make the case that the largest element to stay will be the technological changes. So many elements of campaigning can now be done remotely and virtually, and these endeavors can still reach just as many people, if not more. Don’t get me wrong - I don’t think in-person rallies and barnstorms will go anywhere anytime soon, but instead a hybrid of virtual and in-person will dominate politics for decades to come. Furthermore, campaigns for the foreseeable future will have to carefully craft messaging around COVID, as it appears that it will be present in the minds of voters for quite some time.

23 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Law in 2020

24 Law Law in 2o2o: The Year of the Constitution ADAM D. SKRZECZ Legal Editor UNC Law ‘22 The Constitution has become more prev- from Greensboro, NC alent in 2020 due to the constant state of crisis this year. or the majority of thrust the very nature of the Amer- The pastors were followed the country, this year ican Constitution into the spotlight closely by the hair salons, who has been the year of of public discourse. While, no, argued that they were more than all things COVID. not everyone is a constitutional prepared to both operate their busi- Depending on an scholar, the Constitution is indeed nesses and protect their customers. Findividual’s age, geography, job for everyone. Noted by Justice According to their attorney, every- or family situation, it could have in a recent address to one has “the right to earn a living.” been the year of just about any- Society and spotted Salons were mysteriously allowed thing. A year of remote education by Attorney General to open before their claim saw a (either partially or completely), as early as a February conference courtroom. a year of loss, of frustration, of address to the National Religious Then came June, and your livelihood put in jeopardy, of Broadcasters, the Constitution is at the public feud after the ordered mass confusion, or possibly just risk of its greatest erosion during closure of ACE Speedway, a a year of running back and forth times of crisis, but it is precisely piedmont race scene with capacity from the confines of your home in the time of crisis for which the to seat 5,000 spectators. Under an effort to keep up with the roller Constitution was intended to be its the governor’s orders at the time, coaster of “shut down” and “stay- most dependable. the maximum they could allow in at-home” orders coming from your As early as May, North was 25. ACE publicly declared its state or local authorities. Carolinians (one of many state- opposition to the order, remaining But from my angle, one wide examples) began growing open despite abatement orders by of the most telling questions we tired of having their willful co- the Department of Health and Hu- should be asking about 2020 is operation confused for passive man Services. Despite other tracks this: what do a pastor, a hairdress- surrender, as groups began filing across the state doing the same, er, a racetrack owner, and a gym complaints against Governor ACE Speedway was the only track coach all have in common? Put Cooper’s COVID restrictions. directly issued an abatement order, simply, the virus has required them Notably, a coalition of roughly 100 and the local Sheriff even claimed all to sue like their lives and liber- churches signed on to a federal suit he would refuse to enforce it. The ties depended on it. alleging that Cooper’s practical speedway later lost its court battle [If you are reading this and “ban on religious gatherings” vio- to remain open when sued by are thinking that I am preparing lated both the North Carolina and North Carolina’s for an anti-mask rant, allow me to United States Constitutions when Secretary of Health and Human allay your now and say that he allowed big box retail to open Services. this is not an “I know my rights” its doors for Memorial Day sales, Then in late summer, the Facebook post authored by one of but local congregants were not still-shut gyms caught a break, your high school classmates.] allowed to worship their Creator. when the state executive created What COVID has done is They won handedly. a new “medical exemption” after 25 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 a threat of suit. After Governor And when we allow small ly returned it on its own volition Cooper vetoed a bill passed by the liberties to be taken in the name of when the crisis has abated (this General Assembly to reopen gyms, “emergency,” it sets the stage for one may take you a while)? and major commercial chains pub- fundamental ones to be threatened Wherever it leaves us, it’ll licly announced they would reopen under the same thin veil. Take sure make for a good case study their North Carolina locations not- Korematsu as your chief example. for some future academics. There withstanding the governor’s threats When hysteria governs, despite are reasons, I think, for 2020 to of citation, Cooper was left very rational methods by which we can give us both concern and hope. little logistical options other than both deal with the crisis at hand But it is up to us, the beneficiaries to safe face in a crisis and work a and preserve our domestic tran- of a uniquely and constitutionally compromise to appease the public quility, bad things result. It was protected American liberty, to take (how’s that for “the ?”). hysteria, despite rational coun- a long, hard look at 2020. Are we The point is this. Whether sel by the FBI, despite rational going to let another crisis shut you agree that the COVID-19 pan- evidence to the contrary, which down swaths of American society demic is a national crisis is up to led Franklin Roosevelt to intern in the future? Thankfully, many of you and your policy makers. The thousands of innocent Japanese the lawsuits filed this year would Constitution won’t care either way. Americans (regardless of age and say “no.” But not all were that You see, the rule of law is exactly background) in wartime America, lucky. Pastor John MacArthur even that, the rule of law. Yes, 2020 has while simultaneously allowing faced open hostility from his local been a year of crisis, but it doesn’t Nazi sympathizers to roam free on municipal authorities, as if the mean the Constitution is thrown the East Coast. The Supreme Court free exercise clause had suddenly out the window. We didn’t close case upholding this action is now been written out of a centuries-old churches during any of our blood- widely agreed to be in the Court’s document. iest wars, nor did we only allow anti-canon (that is, a case on which The point is this: either 50% capacity inside a café during no self-respecting modern litigant way you look at it, 2020 was the the 1918 influenza pandemic. As would rely for a good rule of law Year of the Constitution. For the an aside, we really didn’t even to aid their own case). parts of it we protected, and for the know that the H1N1 virus (which So, where does that leave parts we didn’t, 2020 has given us infected 60.8 million Americans, us with COVID? The answer, to the groundwork for a serious post mind you) was much of a threat some extent, remains incomplete. mortem through which we Amer- thanks to clever message crafting As we approach the administration icans will either each affirm our by temporally friendly media. So of a vaccine (the final of the mov- allegiance to protect that document yes, we as a nation have experi- able goal posts created by many which shields us from tyranny, enced many a “national emergen- restrictive government officials or let its meaning slip into one of cy” before, but we don’t sacrifice in this episode we call “2020”) the volumes of “Experiments of liberty for it if at all possible. We many of these issues remain to be Human History.” But, no matter relied on common interest and sorted out. What exactly did we our answer, we must choose. The shared altruism, not a mayoral do? What did we do to ourselves? provisions of the Constitution are mandate. Have we weakened the Constitu- not offered a la carte, and no such tion? Have our own citizens been method of interpretation will pro- [Just because you agree with a too ready and willing to suspend it duce a truly flourishing American mandate doesn’t make it a consti- for the sake of temporary security? Republic. tutional one. Limiting the number As the litigation continues, so too of occupants in your store to 10 will more of these questions be people can be both a product of generated. I encourage everyone, government mandate and altruistic not just lawyers or law students, to common purpose, but only one of really take a step back and think. those catalysts gets the job done When was the last time a govern- while preserving your individual ment has assumed new power in a liberty.] time of crisis, and then voluntari-

Legal Commentary 26   The man who got us into this mess by Alex Kelly

27 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Image Source: The Threat of China in the 21st Century

ALEX KELLY Staff Writer Freshman & History Major from King’s Mountain, NC

hen the history which will be the centenary of the become free. The Beijing consen- books are writ- , as the sus put into place by Deng Xia- ten for the year dawn of a global transition from a oping following the death of Mao 2020 it will be United States-dominated 20th cen- Zedong in 1976 has contributed to marked by a tury to a Chinese-dominated 21st the economic miracle that is Chi- Wglobal pandemic, the withdrawal century. na, a state oligarchy that reaps the of the United Kingdom from the Following the collapse of rewards of capitalism without their , and the end of throughout Russia citizens being allowed the most Donald Trump’s ambiguous tenure and the Eastern Bloc in 1989, basic human right of self-gover- as President of the United States. the presumption of the Western nance. This broken consensus of Against this backdrop, democracies became that commu- optimistic prognostications on the however, much more consequen- nism in China would follow a sim- People’s Republic of China has led tial affairs were materializing ilar pattern. In other words, that to the theft of billions of dollars throughout the Indo-Pacific— China would liberalize, open up worth of intellectual property from affairs that will have enduring its economy, and fall into line with the United States and its allies, impacts on the way global actors American hegemony by becoming a devastated manufacturing sec- will interact over the next centu- a Westernized liberal democracy. tor, and the building of a military ry. These actions are the strategy Consensus on this has proved to spanning three continents that only of the Chinese Communist Party be nothing more than an erro- Russia and the United States can and President Xi Jinping. The neous assumption. While China combat. actions of China over the course became an exceptionally wealthy At the start of the year, a of this previous year have made nation through the embrace of successful year for China seemed it abundantly clear that President their “Beijing consensus”, or state far from conceivable as rumors Xi regards the upcoming year, capitalism, they have definitely not spread of a novel coronavirus

28 spreading in the capital of Hubei President Xi took advantage of a similar authoritative measures to Province, Wuhan. Now it is al- public health crisis to launch bio- eliminate transmission, weakened most certain that China will be the logical warfare on China’s largest currencies caused by economic only country to exit the year with rivals, who happen to be in large damage, and mass deaths caused positive economic growth. Despite part the economic powerhouses of by the virus. wide held uncertainty over the the West: the United States, United In June Xi achieved a ma- origin of this virus, little doubt can Kingdom, France, Germany, Aus- jor domestic feat when he ratified be held over the intentions of the tralia, and Canada, among many the Act on the actions of the government of the others. While their intentions are back of widespread lockdowns People’s Republic once they ob- widely interpretable, there is no throughout Hong Kong, giving tained knowledge of the potential question that once the leadership Beijing unilateral power to quash coronavirus. Even by authoritarian within the CCP became knowl- any acts of subversion deemed a standards, Xi authorized draconi- edgeable of the severity of the credible threat to China’s nation- an measures to suppress the virus virus they knew that Western de- al security, hence stripping the within China. mocracies lacked the ability to re- semi-autonomous city-state of its As the virus began to spond in as repressive a manner as ability to self-govern. This ended spread Doctor Li Wenliang at- China. President Xi was undoubt- the “One China, Two Systems” tempted to raise the alarm to his policy granted following Brit- fellow doctors of a SARS-like ain returning the island to China virus spreading within the city. in the late 1990s. In reality, this In response to this, the Chinese [President“ Xi] has legislation is an effort by the Communist Party launched an People’s Republic to devoid of investigation into him that later led successfully rewrit- dissenting voices through political to him being summoned by Wuhan ten the on persecution. Hong Kong’s large- authorities and forced to sign a let- China and hopefully ly pro-democracy legislature has ter denying his claims and accept- been effectively eradicated fol- ing the responsibility for damages. sent a signal to the lowing the enactment with nearly Weeks later he died of the virus rest of the world: it all members resigning following after providing care to a severe- threats from the Chinese Commu- ly-ill COVID-19 patient. In early is time to wake up nist Party who claimed that their February video footage surfaced from the naïvety that political beliefs and stance on via the Epoch Times showing Chi- has been the broken the National Security Law posed nese authorities welding the doors threats to their stability within of homes and buildings filled with consensus on the region. Other members of the infected residents closed in efforts China. opposition party were outright to contain the spread of the virus. banned from political office due to This goes without mentioning edly aware of the enduring effects pro-democracy beliefs. Following the extreme extent to which the widespread lockdowns would have the enactment of this legislation, Chinese Communist Party went to on the economic output of western dozens of prominent pro-democ- conceal the mortality and infection nations. He was also doubtlessly racy activists have been jailed. rate, offering numbers that are now cognizant of his ability to exe- Among these including 24-year- known to be beyond outlandish to cute far-reaching measures that, old Joshua Wong, who met with a the WHO. yes, would cause sharp economic delegation of United States leg- Despite the measures taken decline, but decline that would be islators in Hong Kong last fall to to contain transmission of the brief and followed by sharp in- discuss Beijing’s actions, Jimmy virus within China, the Chinese creases in economic growth. This Lai who is being punished for an- Communist Party took virtually no occurring simultaneously to their ti-communist tweets, and Wong’s action to prevent spread to oth- geopolitical foes struggling with long-time activist colleague Agnes er nations throughout the world. multi-quarter economic decline Chow who is facing persecution This led many to question whether due to the inability to enforce on charges of unauthorized as-

29 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 sembly. Xi finally called Western Uighurs and the increased pro- Xi’s directives on forced steriliza- politicians’ bluff on their claims liferation of human rights abuses tion, mass surveillance, and sexual of protection of the city, and won against minority groups within the assault have been cause of alarm the gamble by sending a signal to region. While the rest of the world for human rights activists. Western nations to reevaluate their has been attempting to provide Finally, a report published relations with neighboring , for its citizenry, Xi has increased this month by the United King- of which China claims control. his offensive campaign to subject dom chief intelligence officials Despite China’s image the Uighur people to barbarous has detailed large scale increases spiraling to an all-time low ap- repression in efforts to erase their in hacking, intellectual property proval level around the world with culture. Over the last week, it theft, espionage, and honey traps over 74 percent of respondents to has become known through in- within the United States and allied a Pew Research poll conducted in telligence leaks that the Chinese nations. Many of these infiltrated 14 countries saying that they now Communist Party has directed over numerous major corporate boards view China in a negative light, 500,000 Uighurs to report to labor and many of the most prestigious China’s government’s approval fields throughout the region for universities throughout the west. rating domestically has seen dras- a mass cotton-picking campaign, Entering this year few, if tic increases this year, reaching an reminiscent of the ugliest days of any, would have expected this year all-time high confidence rating in American slavery. Also, recent to be one of positivity for Mr. Xi. September. President Xi seems to reports provided confirmation to He has successfully rewritten the have been successful in sparking beliefs that the Chinese Commu- narrative on China and hopeful- domestic nationalist sentiments in nist Party provided directives to ly sent a signal to the rest of the response to his Western detractors. authorities at their concentration world: it is time to wake up from Recent satellite images of camps to forcibly feed pork to the the naïvety that has been the bro- Xinjiang have alerted the global Uighur Muslims each Friday, their ken consensus on China. community to the rampant destruc- holy day in their religion. Beyond tion of mosques belonging to the forced labor and religious assault,

A pro-independence protester holds up the secession flag of East Turkestan, the Uighur region of China, in front of the UN Palace of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. Source: Abdurehim Gheni Uyghur 30 MUBASHSHIR KHAN Why Americans Don’t Staff Writer Junior studying Trust Each Other Computer Science lack Lives Matter? two years after the study’s conclu- the merits of the other position. All Lives Matter? sion. Hatred from some, violence In truth, there are many dilemmas Blue Lives Matter? from many, anger from all seems that both sides face if the argu- The 2020 Presidential much more understandable if trust ments are considered in good faith. contest concluded between citizens is falling. Fortu- Some Liberals support the right one of the most contentious years nately, the survey found more than of a woman to have an abortion, Bin recent memory. Masks, pro- 80 percent of people believed trust believing that a woman gets to de- tests, riots, COVID, the problems can be restored to both the federal fend and care for her body herself. this year seemed endless. Two government and each other. A sign Conversely, some Liberals don’t sides advocating two very differ- that the majority of Americans be- support the right of a gun owner to ent views of the world emerged. lieve things can change for the bet- protect his property himself. Like- Liberals pushed police reform, the ter. This optimism reflects another wise some Conservatives believe spectrum ranging from abolish- finding, 60 percent of Americans in states’ rights, hoping to prevent ing the police to increasing their believe their fellow citizens will federal power from consolidating funding. Conservatives advocated “work together to solve commu- while hoping ICE flexes its power immigration reform, views rang- nity problems”. Unfortunately, in sanctuary cities. While I under- ing from complete moratoriums to close to 60 percent of Americans stand each of these issues carries temporary freezes. The variety and lack confidence that they can have nuance that I’ve ignored, the point number of political positions serve civil conversations with people is there are contradictions in belief as evidence of substantial and who have different views. The that seem to exist only for spite useful debate in the greatest demo- survey’s results describe a bleak of the opposite side. Principles cratic republic on earth, one would present, the result of our societal change given the situation, under- think. Instead, Americans talk past fabric weakening for years, but standing the reasoning of coun- each other, distrusting also the willingness and belief in a terviews will allow us to be more that differ from their own. In- more caring future. A better fu- convincing in our arguments but stead of meaningful conversations ture, a rebuilding of trust can only also more informed in our opin- increasing, Americans’ distrust in be realized through compromise, ions. It is thus crucial to discuss each other continues to rise and comprehension, and conversation. civilly all good ideas, and it is this expectations continue to fall. As a member of political orga- endeavor the Carolina Review A Pew Research survey conduct- nizations that represent both the hopes to promote. ed in 2018 investigated trust in right and left perspectives, I firmly America. Considering a variety of believe more joins us than divides Mubashir Khan is a Staff Writer topics, the survey’s findings were us. In spite of the deep polarization for Carolina Review. Khan was some uplifting and some disap- that seems ubiquitous in politics formerly a writer for the Daily Tar pointing. The survey found 75 and news today, conversations and Heel. percent of Americans thought trust reflection will, in my experience, in the federal government has been relieve the distrust Americans shrinking in the past few years. have. More than 60 percent of Ameri- Civil, good faith conversa- cans reported trust in each other is tions will reveal the best and most shrinking as well. The disappoint- appropriate ideas. Too often, I’ve ing finding may shed light on the found partisan viewpoints that hate extreme divisions we face now, counterviews without considering

31 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Featured Article King Cooper: Leader of Fools KRISTEN SNYDER Staff Writer Freshman Peace, War, & Defense Major Roy Cooper’s COVID restrictions have from Indian Trail, NC veered into the absurd. he King has de- allows us to think and advocate for can value their judgment, not sole- manded that North ourselves. Our advances toward ly that of their government. How- Carolinians need justice and self-government come ever, King Cooper has put himself a state-mandat- from the courage and strength to above American values and denied ed bedtime. Yes, be better than we were before. The the citizens of North Carolina their Tyou read correctly. The Holidays American republic was founded natural right of autonomy, mock- will look quite different for many upon the value of freedom, a con- ing the very foundation of Ameri- North Carolinians this year as they cept that struck the heart of every can liberty. say goodbye to members of their early American in their abhorrence While Covid-19 has pre- family and hunker down inside of an overbearing government. sented many of us with heartache their houses for fear of the virus. The founders highly respected the that should not be taken lightly, We have been no stranger to loss we as Americans must come to in 2020, and it doesn’t seem that understand that we will prevail as life as we once knew it will be we have always done. This is not returning any time soon. This year “This is not the first the first devastation that America has been particularly destructive devastation that has experienced, and it will cer- further beyond the borders of America has tainly not be the last. As a vaccine North Carolina. It is important is developed, we must be practical to acknowledge how those all experienced, and it and understand that this virus has over the world have experienced will certainly not be gone far beyond the impacts of the loss of life, income, and vital the last. our immune system; this virus has in-person communication. Much infected our culture with fear and has changed for us in America as endowed rights of every Ameri- hate. The virus separates us not we learn to cope with something can, understanding that the true only by the spread of the disease that we have never experienced power of a republic comes from but also by the values that stem before. Yet, in a time of trouble the will of the people and not the from each of our opinions on how and such disillusion, it is import- corruption of political officials. to proceed in the Covid-19 world. ant to remember what makes us Thus, the founding fathers intend- This point of contention for many Americans. ed to impede government officials of us has been the start of large Our value of from using their power to stifle the controversies, but it is necessary and freedom develops confidence freedoms of the American public. not to diminish our freedoms in inside every American citizen, and They sought to have each Ameri- fear. Rather, we must move for-

32 Governor Roy Cooper wearing a mask during a press conference held at the Emergency Operations Center. The press conference was on the COVID-19 virus, and was held June 18, 2020 Photo by Robert Willet, News&Observer ward, thinking boldly and intelli- is below 2%. Survival rates are mothers, business owners, and stu- gently about the facts that we have outstanding amongst the young dents, the confidence of the people seen. and those without underlying is absorbed into the job description Let us first acknowledge conditions. Therefore, as with any of those whose job was meant to that the media is not omniscient. serious illness, one can distinguish represent us… not manipulate us. From whatever side of the political the best way to protect those close The trust of the people is hard to aisle you distinguish yourself as, to them with precautions necessary achieve but it is achieved far more do not fool yourself and bow down such as a mask or other forms of easily when the people have lost to the media as your savior. When germ prevention. It is not the place their faith in what they once knew. we think for ourselves, we need to of the government to mandate Thomas Hobbes correctly deter- do so in a way that acknowledges mask-wearing. It is their role to mined that power wielded by man the facts. It has been confirmed inform, and the role of the private is far more often used to control that masks work for preventative business and citizens to make than to advance the betterment of reasons. While masks may prevent choices accordingly. While Ameri- his fellow man, the beastial ten- one from spreading Covid-19, they cans must acknowledge what is ef- dency of man is what leads to his have a lower chance of preventing fective, we must also acknowledge downfall and corruption. Winston contraction of the disease. While what is ineffective, unnecessary, Churchill’s phrase “never let a masks are often seen in the media and unmasked tyranny. good crisis go to waste” would be as the ultimate form of preven- It is no mystery that the a fantastic portrayal of government tion, several studies indicate that unknown increases a restlessness officials using times of trouble to the disease is not nearly as bad as among all to look forward to any expand their power and infringe on portrayed. This information ren- form of salvation. Ultimately, a freedoms. ders the masks unnecessary for leader will arise to assume the As the Trump administra- everyday survival amongst the greatest power of all, the full faith tion utilizes New in average citizen. Both the Univer- of the people. Thus, when gov- attempts to devolve power to the sity of Oxford and Johns Hopkins ernment officials instill fear into states, Democratic governors use indicate that the mortality rate the souls of hardworking fathers, their leadership to intensify fear

33 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 and build themselves a throne have all come to experience in one and yet; while conservatives in towering above residents of their form or another. Yet, we have de- North Carolina complain about states. King Cooper follows in the termined that American character Cooper, we sit back and give him footsteps of Nuisance Newsom as comes from our freedom to think four more years. We can’t afford he attempts to babysit the actions and act for ourselves. Our orders to do this anymore less we follow of North Carolinians across the do not come from the government, California into the abyss. Aside state. His latest command is that and they certainly do not come from their worship-less praise, residents be in their homes from from Roy Cooper. You do not Los Angeles threatens to shut off 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. suggesting that work for Cooper or his policies, power and water to those that there will be another state lock- you work for yourselves and your refuse the Covid mandates. What down after the Holidays. The fools families in hopes that one day you on earth is going on down there? I of King Cooper will argue this is certainly don’t know, but they can necessary, but shall we fact check stop bringing it to North Carolina. them? Absolutely! The Health- “As the Trump ad- There was once a time that we line acknowledges that reopening would have considered a mask will increase the number of cases ministration utilizes mandate radical, now we are told and deaths by a large percentage. New Federalism in that there is a mandated curfew. Kaiser Health News documents When does it end? When do we several media sources reporting attempts to devolve tell Cooper enough, and if he the spread of Covid-19 growing power to the states, wants us to remain in our homes, stronger with each reopening. The Democratic gover- he can start paying for them? solution that seems to be plagu- Many of you disagree with my ing the Corona Kings is another nors use their leader- statements of modern American lock-down. Why is it that our ship to intensify fear liberalism being the strong roots of Democratic governors keep trying and build themselves Communism in American society, something that isn’t working? The but a good deal of you agree with definition of insanity is attempt- a throne towering me as well. Look again now, do ing to solve the same puzzle the above residents of you see how the Democrats grasp same way without solution. So, as their states. for power while claiming it’s the intellectual beings, let’s see if we best for the people? can recognize a pattern: state goes discover the American dream for The pandemic is not going away, into lockdown and Covid cases yourself. While perhaps Cooper and it is time to live again. Those decrease, state opens again and aims to stop the mask-less drink- of you that continue to fear the Covid cases increase so state goes ing, it will not keep those who virus, it is a free country. American into lockdown again, now repeat. partake in the disease spreading soldiers fought for your right to We can not repeat the same in- affairs to stop participating in them regulate your actions with the me- sanity, we must start to live again. before 10 p.m. These measures do dia and King Cooper. As for me, I There is no way around it. not work, and King Cooper has will appreciate the freedom given There is no use for sugarcoating, designated that it is his job to par- to me. I will be the first to enjoy this is tyranny. The crown of North ent the residents of North Carolina. the Christmas lights with my mom Carolina has found it to his lik- Rather than coming together in the as we have done every year from ing that we are forced inside our Christmas season, we are turning 10 pm to whenever damn well I’m homes unless we have a cause he in our neighbors like criminals for ready to come back to my home. I deems necessary to leave. So, not seeing their friends and family. hope my fellow conservatives will only have we been limited to the Rather than learning to live with follow me in what freedom means number of friends and family we the virus, we start to take orders as an American: liberty and indi- are allowed to have in our homes, from the man that is meant to take vidualism. A Merry Christmas to but also when we must be con- order from us. you all, and may we praise the true fined to our houses. As Americans, What next? We know that “abso- King, Jesus Christ. struggle has been something we lute power corrupts absolutely”

34 The Climate Is Changing JACOBSON “JC” The social and political climate around LESER Layout Editor Freshman is changing. Sports Administration Major We as conservatives need to wake up or from Raleigh, NC we will miss the bus.

he climate is tives have pushed back against this As I said earlier, climate changing. Before the whole way, including Ronald legislation will be passed. It could you dismiss this Reagan (rightly) removing Car- be this Congress, the next Con- article, I encour- ter’s solar panels for roof repairs. gress, or even the one after that; age you to read to The problem with the conservative however, the fact remains that Tthe end and have an open mind. I push against legislation that can legislation will be passed, either will spare you from the facts and improve the environment is that it with conservative support or graphs that show how the climate does not give them a voice in the through a partisan vote. The most is changing. Yes, I am aware that decision making. recent major climate legislation, the climate changes naturally, and House Resolution 109 and Senate yes, I am aware that there is “a Resolution 59, dubbed “The Green possibility that the change is not New Deal,” drew major conserva- human-caused.” However, the “I had always tive criticism. Rather than crafting debate over the actual climate is thought that a counter-proposal, Republicans irrelevant. There will be climate voted the legislation down and legislation, and the only question climate change was that was the end. However, if the is how influential conservatives just another liberal Democrats had control of Con- will be in shaping it. gress, this would have been a Modern liberals have hype train trying to completely different story. If con- pushed for improvements in re- find another way to servatives choose not to wake up gards to climate change since the to the reality of climate legislation 1960s. Earth Day, the EPA, the spend more of the being passed, they will miss their Clean Air Acts, and Jimmy Car- government’s chance to make an impact on the ter’s infamous solar bill. A piece of climate legislation panels all come from this early era money. that uses more conservative tactics of environmentalism. Conserva- would likely satisfy many conser-

35 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 vatives and liberals alike. tions of conservative solutions to will miss this opportunity. We are Conservatives that care climate change. Standing in front at a unique crossroads where we about climate change are in the of a largely conservative group of can generally satisfy liberals by minority but are steadily growing. high school boys, Inglis introduced making legislation our way. Why Younger conservatives especially to us the idea of a revenue-neutral, haven’t we jumped at this oppor- are becoming aware of the po- border-adjustable carbon tax. This tunity? Why haven’t we worked to tential threat of climate change, means that taxes on businesses be good stewards of the land that and want to craft a solution that will not increase overall, and also God has given us by protecting combines their conservative view that tariffs will be placed on goods it? Change is coming, but the real of the government with a solution coming into the US if of question is can we wake up and do to climate change. Groups like origin does not charge an equiv- it our way, or will we continue to former Congressman Bob Inglis’ alent carbon tax. A solution with dig in our heels. republicEn and former Acting no treaties and no UN agreement, Jacobson “JC” Leser is a fresh- Deputy Secretary of the Depart- but rather just good, old American man at UNC, studying Exercise ment of Energy Jeff Kupfer’s international leadership. and Sports Science- Sports Admin- ConservAmerica are growing. Before Inglis’ speech, I had istration. He was formerly a Coun- These groups aim to show how always thought that climate change ty Youth Chair for repubicEn, a conservative action can be taken was just another liberal hype train conservative action group focused in climate legislation, and Inglis’ trying to find another way to spend on climate change. republicEn even has a youth pro- more of the government’s money. gram. I was a part of republicEn’s That day, I learned something that first iteration of the County Youth changed me. Climate change IS a Chair Program, in which I had problem, and there are CONSER- gained interest from Inglis’ speech VATIVE ways to solve it. Those at Tar Heel Boys’ State. During two statements blew my mind, but this speech, I heard the first men- unless conservatives wake up, we

Bob Inglis delivering a speech at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh. Photo by Richard Shiro/AP Photo

Featured Article 36 The Church

ALEXANDER of Science YALCIN Staff Writer Junior studying Political Science Rather than using science as a tool, some from Raleigh, NC of its supporters treat it like a religion. hile much has no man is infallible, and no single but also the rights of individuals, been written experiment is sufficient proof of economic implications, and the about this pan- anything, as the scientific method constitutional limitations of govern- demic, many itself emphasizes. But some scien- ment. This is the domain of elected things are yet tists and science worshippers seem officials, whom we elect on a com- unsaid.W With Biden in the Oval to think scientific know-how should bination of values and perceived Office, the Church of Science is no confer preternatural authority in all competence. doubt poised to extend its hegemo- matters of public policy. Moreover, the term ‘public health’ ny over the public discourse. But Take Dr. Fauci, our “top infectious itself is subject to interpretation before we heed every recommen- disease expert.” First off, not even based solely on our values. Do we dation from the scientific establish- expert scientists are immune to prioritize the mental health of the ment, it is worth considering how ulterior motives. But let us assume, young or the physical health of the much of its rhetoric stems from as I genuinely believe to be the old? What about the mental health science, and how much of it from case, that Fauci’s epidemiological of the old, many of whom are now ideology. conclusions are in earnest. Then we veritable prisoners on their death- Of course, the phrase “Church can trust his claims that x people beds? Should we seek to minimize of Science” is set to ruffle some will die by January if we don’t do the number of deaths or the mean feathers, so let me first explain my y, or that hospitals will become reduction in lifespan? None of these implications. I do not rebuke Scien- overloaded if we don’t quarantine are questions that science can even tia itself, the method by which the for z months. But Fauci likes to say begin to answer—for science is a world can be objectively assessed, much more, as in a recent interview: tool, not an ideology. as proven by its astounding accom- “We’ve got to realize that we do To reiterate: the precise role of sci- plishments (e.g., rockets, com- have within our capacity to be able ence is to answer questions of fact. puters, some medicines)—in fact, to blunt that by doing the simple If there is only one point to remem- many of science’s inventions benefit things… so we don’t precipitate the ber, it is not to be blinded by the me daily. But just as religion has no necessity of locking down.” ‘Dr.’ before someone’s name once bearing on scientific truth, as even Fauci, an unelected public health they get past their field of expertise the now acknowl- official, should have no more exper- and into ethical proselytizing. To edges (see: Galileo), science has no tise or authority on what “precipi- disagree with a scientist is not to bearing on religious or ethical truth, tates the necessity of locking down” be anti-science, especially if the at least until microscopes can detect than a college student, a homeless disagreement isn’t about science at bad juju. man, or a millionaire philanthro- all. Science cannot tell us whether Science worshippers tend to dissent pist once the scientific facts have it is wrong to gather for Christmas, from the above once the implica- been established. That is because, whether it is wrong to party, or even tions become clear. I refer to the despite the protests of public health whether it is wrong to kill. The type of person who tells us to “listen acolytes, government intervention answers to these questions can be to science,” then accuses us of being is not a unilateral decision based on influenced by the latest scientific “anti-science” when our conclusions whatever Public Health concludes is opinions, but ultimately come down differ on the basis of ethics. Indeed, best for the “public good.” Rather, it to the individual and his value. in matters of science, I tend to defer is a balancing act that must con- to scientists. Of course, even then, sider, yes, the health of the public, 37 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 ForeignForeign PolicyPolicy

A Starbucks at an American military installation in the Middle East, 2020. Source: SPC Mason Beck, NCNG 38 In Defense of Drones ARTHUR VU Foreign Policy Columnist Drones aren’t what you think. They are Junior studying Economics better, safer, and more effective, but they from Cary, NC aren’t the solution.

ince the late Bush complete. The average length of steps ensure that the United States administration, the review before getting approved was Military uses its drones in good American military 58 days. So what does this process faith. has used drones for look like? According to the Stimson The Central Intelligence combat operations. Center, each target goes through Agency (CIA) also performs drone SThe convenience and low risks the four steps of target selection, strikes, but unfortunately, Title 50 of of unmanned aircraft have made vetting, validation, and nomination. the United States Code prevents the drones the weapon of choice for The pre-strike process ensures that CIA from releasing strike informa- counterterrorism operations in Paki- eliminating targets would achieve tion so it’s hard to know what the stan, Yemen, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the objectives and goals of the force process looks like in the CIA. But other countries. With the increasing commanders and does not interfere according to a couple of leaks and usage of drones, the press and gov- with other agencies’ goals. It also press reports, this process is faster ernments of countries targeted by takes on average six years of intelli- and more efficient than the mili- drone strikes have scrutinized this gence gathering to start the approval tary’s. Administration officials say method of war. Critics insist that process. Most targets are in man- there is also an extensive review America haphazardly bombs many agement positions in terrorist orga- process, but the lack of information civilians in drone strikes, or suggest nizations or possess special skills. does not corroborate their claims. that drone usage radicalizes people After the strike, leadership Compared to other methods, to join terrorist groups. Despite the and drone pilots analyze the re- drones inflict less civilian casualties prevalence of these claims, much of sults of the strike, and assess at the for many reasons. Drones are able the criticism levied against drones is tactical level if it fits the rules of to fly lower than manned aircraft, exaggerated. engagement, and if the strike was and can stay in the air for a long The American government good for overall strategy. The strike time to check out civilian move- being too careless with drones is commander is responsible for any ment patterns. Lower flight altitude very far from the truth in the mili- consequences of the strike, but he/ increases accuracy, and longer flight tary. Drone strikes undergo a multi- she is surrounded by a group of times allow the drone to strike at step review process, with the fastest judge advocate lawyers (JAGs) who a time when civilian casualties are drone strike approval time under give advice on if the strike followed the least likely. The payload from the U.S. military taking 27 days to rules of engagement. All of these a drone is generally smaller than 39 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 most other munitions dropped from To get a better picture of the general War in Afghanistan, the manned aircraft, which reduces the civilian casualties from drone civilian death rate is estimated to collateral damage. With recent strikes, it is best to look at counts be 60 to 150 percent of the Taliban technological advances, the U.S. from reliable organizations. While body count from 2001-2011, which military occasionally uses special by nature, civilian casualties can be means that the civilian casualty Hellfire missiles with blades that are difficult to calculate, drones have estimate is around 38 percent to so precise that it can wipe out one significantly fewer civilian casu- 60 percent of the total deaths in passenger in a car without harming alties compared to other methods. the conflict. In the Persian Gulf other passengers. The Long War Journal, the Bureau War, one or two Iraqi soldiers were Critics of drones often cite of Investigative Journalism (BIJ), the 90 percent figure from the Drone and the New America Foundation Papers as evidence that drones look into civilian casualties and cause high civilian casualties, strike data. The BIJ provides the “Overall, this means although this number is misleading highest civilian casualty numbers as it refers to unintended casualties. (from June 2004 to February 2020) that the casualty rate Unintended casualties refer to any of the three, and has estimates of is lower than aerial person killed in a strike that was 300-909 civilians killed from 4,126- bombing not the target outlined by the goals 10,076 total killed in Afghanistan, of the strike. Dead militants who which gives a rough estimate of were assisting the target of a drone around 10 percent of the total killed killed for every dead Iraqi civilian. strike are considered part of the being civilians. In Pakistan, the In comparison to the numbers for unintended casualties count, and the civilian deaths are estimated to be modern wars, drones have signifi- 90 percent figure from the Drone 424-969 of 2515-4026 killed, which cantly lower civilian casualty rates. Papers refers to a 5-month period in is roughly around 20 percent. In So- Even in manned raids, soldiers are the Obama administration and does malia, an estimated 12-97 civilians less able to make good judgements not present the full picture of the have been killed out of 1197-1410 because they are less aware of drone campaign. Eyewitness testi- total killed, which roughly 5 per- any patterns in civilian movement mony of the people on the ground cent. In Yemen, 174-224 civilians during firefights, and risk firing on often gets cited too, although such died out of an estimated 1020-1389 civilians. The presence of American testimony is not always reliable. total killed, which is around 17 soldiers stuck in a botched raid also People confuse aerial bombing from percent. motivates terrorist organizations to manned aircraft with drone strikes, Overall, this means that the escalate their presence, leading to and sometimes the eyewitness can casualty rate is lower than aeri- a greater opportunity for civilian be related to the terrorist networks, al bombing, as in the case of the casualties. which means that the eyewitness NATO bombing of Serbia which One of the more credible will exaggerate civilian casualties to had killed 500 civilians compared arguments against drones is the further the cause of the jihad. to 600 soldiers killed in action. In “blowback effect”. The prem-

General Atomics’ MQ-9 Reaper Photo by Isaac Brekken / Getty Images 40 Creech AFB, home of the 432 Operations Group and a significant amount of MQ-9 Reapers Photo by Creech AFB ise is that drone strikes motivate rorism policies, and forced youth zations heavily targeted by drone otherwise reluctant bystanders to recruitment by militant groups are strikes such as the Taliban, AQAP, radicalize and join terrorist groups responsible for Islamist recruitment and al-Shabaab continue to hold because of civilian casualties, thus in Muslim countries. In Europe and major strongholds in their respec- each strike creates more terrorists. the United States, state immigration tive countries. The overreliance on and integration policies that mar- ginalize Muslims, peers and social networks, and online exposure to “The author of the jihadist ideologies are responsible “The overreliance on for . The author of the study, Aqil Khan, study, Aqil Khan, found that “even drones is not a found that “even lo- local leaders of Islamist and other winning strategy, cal leaders of right-wing parties acknowledged and does not that the ability of drone strikes to Islamist and other spawn militants is exaggerated.” adequately address right-wing parties So what are the legitimate the root causes of arguments against drones if there acknowledged that are low civilian casualties, and if the an insurgency. the ability of drone radicalization effect is negligible? drones is not a winning strategy, and strikes to spawn mili- Much of it has to do with strategy. does not adequately address the root While targeted strikes on terrorists causes of an insurgency. If America tants is exaggerated.” can disrupt their organizations, a wants to win the “endless wars”, strategy that relies on mostly drones Washington needs to come up with a An exhaustive review done by a is not going to end conflicts. Drones better strategy that will incorporate study in 2018 in the International are not superweapons and have their drones, a larger military presence, Security Journal found that there limits when it comes to counterin- and a political leadership that truly was scant evidence for this connec- surgency operations. The Obama understands the complexity of the tion. Other political grievances and and Trump administrations have different actors involved in these economic grievances, state repres- relied on drones as a major part of conflicts. sion and poor Pakistani counterter- their foreign policy, yet the organi-

41 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 The Virtues of Anti-Politicism CHARLIE STUART 1600 – 1649 Political Science Major from Dunfermline,

f you are the type who reads American households are increas- tance, their feelings had absolutely opinion columns and other ingly atomized and rootless (No no bearing on the outcome. Yes, works of contemporary polit- doubt this trend bears some matters of law and politics do have ical prose regularly, or if you responsibility for the appeal of tangible effects on people’s lives, watch much of the opining identity politics and the fad of but usually these effects are sensa- that occurs on national television, rustic aesthetics), and a lot of tionalized by the popular press for howI many times can you recall nostalgia for the America of Nor- the sake of circulation, and even commentators pleading for nation- man Rockwell. Yes, many long for if something is great or terrible al unity? It’s a common occurrence that distant-but-not-forgotten for millions of citizens, the sim- isn’t it? The talking heads and America that left the world with ple reality is that your emotional weekly columnists pine for the many cultural treasures from great investment in it is irrelevant. If feeling they had in the months movies, to jazz and early ‘your side’ wins on the issue, you following 9/11, or if they’re Tom rock music, to some of the most may feel temporarily triumphant, Brokaw’s age, the unified effort of beloved classic automobiles, all of but if you lose, you’re likely to WWII. They bring up all which is likely to have a feel a crushing gloom that wallops kinds of possible moonshot solu- cultural shelf life that far surpass- your mind out of proportion to the tions, usually ones that scratch a es the tastes of snobbish modern pleasure you accrue from success. personal ideological itch, from detractors. Worse than whatever goes tax reform, to greater redistribu- But, it’s time to awake and on within the bounds of your own tion, to electoral reform, to greater smell the coffee: that America is skull is the effect of a hyper-po- , and so on not going to return. The liticized life on those around you. and so forth. America of WWII, or the 1950s, or You know the unbearable sensa- More serious individuals the brief era from 9/11/01 until the tion of someone inappropriately tend to point out broader cultural became a matter polarizing a family gathering or a and economic trends that are of contention - it’s all gone. It’s social event among friends. You’ve to blame for a lack of social cohe- over. probably seen the divisive click- sion in the US. Voices as far apart With that concept squarely bait that pops up every Thanks- politically as Robert Putnam through your mind, all visions of a giving about, ‘how to deal with and Charles Murray strike harmo- return to grandeur or the your conservative uncle,’ or, ‘how nious notes when they discuss the creation of a future utopia to save your grandchildren from problems caused by the squashed, what should you do? their millennial socialist parents,’ hubristic educated elite, old mis- Generally, become anti-political. urging you to, ‘CONFRONT,’ your guided welfare policies, or the One of the most freeing sensations relatives and the heinous opinions downstream effects of lasting that can be grasped in life is when they hold. This is all insultingly income inequality. There has been a person reaches the mature con- stupid. Why would you let national much talk about rebuilding some clusion that no matter their opinion political interests, which have less sense of community, as of a given issue of public impor- to do with the 42 good of society and more to do into your family, your neighbors, people poison your mind. Focus with the personal ambitions of the and yourself. on God, on your family, on your politicians and activists you Many have claimed that increased friends, on traveling, on naively cheer on, turn you against voter participation is a solution to developing skills and hobbies, on the people you actually spend your disunity on a being the best you can be at what- time with? national scale, an idea which is ever it is you like to do with In essence, you should live your time. There is nothing but your life to the best and fullest ruin and insanity to be had in the extent possible as if the sad- craven quest for power that is excuses-for-leaders who are a “One of the most politics. Fill your head with what majority of our (and any modern freeing sensations matters and what is of quality, like country’s) governing and cultural the great works of history elite do not exist. Your walk with that can be grasped and literature or music you enjoy, God, your family, the bonds of in life is when a not polling data and what the press friendship you enjoy with person reaches or the verified stars of others, the great experiences of social media tell that you MUST your life, refining your tastes, and the mature conclu- think about. If you have to be pres- exploring this world and sion that no matter sured and made to care about universe in which we live are all their opinion of a something, chances are it’s not far more worthwhile than building worth caring about. your dreams around the given issue of public There is no magic lever to political success of technocrats or importance, their push, nor is there any particular the masses. feelings had entity behind the curtain for Here I must clarify, lest you to root out and “save” soci- you be tempted to take the wrong absolutely no bearing ety. You simply live in a period of path onward: to be antipolitical on the outcome. social decline. As humanity is is not to be antisocial or to be a he- imperfect, prone to error, while donist. Being a hedonistic hermit ridiculous. More Americans voted also capable of great feats of inno- works for a months-long this Fall than have voted, as a vation and creativity, we go vacation to the Caribbean, but that percentage of eligible voters, in through general periods of cultural can’t be your whole life (though any election since the 19th century. enrichment and periods of decay. you could move there if it Only the most pathological of Within any given era’s suits you). To live a gratifying liars could say with a straight face trend there are days of magnificent life, you have to have some social that this has brought profound grace, vile perversion, uplifting circle, perhaps even a family, healing to the land. Should you gaiety, and horrid suffering unless you truly are in the top few keep voting? Yes, you should to be had. Your best chance at a percentiles of antisocial personali- know enough to go vote for those fruitful existence is to acknowl- ties. So, do things for other most likely to maintain stability edge your frailty to handle the people, give and work for things and leave you alone. But this is the problems of amassed human that actually make a difference in entire extent to which you should wrongs and simply live so as to the lives of the people you risk being involved in avoid becoming a hollow shell live near to. Don’t let your emo- politics. Do not be engaged up to captivated purely by the here and tions be manipulated for the sake the minute. Deprive the cable and now. of those who jerk your tears or print giants, who’ve I bid you all a most Happy Christ- coax your anger to seize power. decimated our culture and the jour- mas! By and large, elites are needy and nalistic profession, of your patron- egotistical, whether they show age. I repeat, there are too it to you with the cameras on or many valuable things in life for not. So, starve them of your atten- you to allow the musings of cor- tion, and invest your energies rupt and overly-ideological

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44 Paradigms & Principles Viewpoints It’s time we ended this cosmopolitan experiment and recov- ered the promise of our Republic. —Josh Hawley

I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just; that is justice cannot sleep forever. —

In both law and politics, I think the essential battle is the meta-battle of framing the narrative. —Ted Cruz A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both. —

One of the painful signs of years of dumbed-down education is how many people are unable to make a coherent argu- ment. They can vent their emotions, question other people’s motives, make bold assertions, repeat slogans— anything except reason. —Thomas Sowell

We disrupt the Western-prescribed nuclear family structure requirement by supporting each other as extended families and ‘villages’ that collectively care for one another, especially our children, to the degree that mothers, parents, and chil- dren are comfortable. —Black Lives Matter Organization We are trained Marxists. —Patrisse Cullors One nation, ______, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. —2020 DNC Pledge of Allegiance

I’m not saying they [Republicans] are not a bunch of f*ckers. —O’Malley Dillon (Biden’s pick for Deputy White House Chief of Staff)

In one month, we begin to heal. —

45 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Simply Satire The Last Word Young and impressionable minds of UNC, never stop fighting Rules for thee, not for me against the spread of COVID-19.

Winter break is a perfect time for many of you to spend with your Unless the holidays were cancelled by loved ones and reconnect with family either close to home or far your governor away. I know that this semester was very difficult for many, and the hard work that students put in protesting the early pass/fail deadline Protesting = complaining really made a difference. Since Thanksgiving was just a few days ago, we ought to show our appreciation for the many students that tried their best to hold the And their impeccable self-awareness university accountable in these times.

To the hundreds celebrating Biden’s victory on Franklin Street, To hell with “social distancing” thank you for showing your strength in numbers.

Anyone marginally concerned about the pandemic would be horri- And it’s not facemasks fied by this wanton act of ignorance, but the explanation is crystal clear. As it turns out, people seem to believe that supporting Biden gives you full and irrevocable immunity from the virus! So does protesting Onwards, to the brave people that think that their class group As if we couldn’t tell by the pronouns chats are the place to hold political discussions, thank you for re- beside your name minding us all It’sof how woke you are.not enough to To the strong and empowered folx that have called the police on Seriously, PiKA had only 30 people fraternity events, thank you for wasting law enforcement time and around outside my tax dollars. If this pandemic has taught us anything, it is that holding double standards is a lot easier to spot nowadays.not beIf you arewoke. all three, I’m talking about you I am thankful that the university’s 100+ person gathering did not turn into a super-spreader event, though all signs pointed to yes. Hardly any attempt was made This break, don’t avoid anyone socially active. The real carriers couldWe be the armchair must liberals and socialists that rearedbe their heads actively Almost like I’m talking about #46 for yet another white Democrat. Ay, there’s the rub. anti-woke.Rules for thee, not for me.



Paradigms & Principles, Simply Satire 46 Want to be a published author?

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47 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Cartoon Corner

The Governor That Stole Christmas Nicole Divers, 2020

To apply, send a sampleJoin of your artus to [email protected] as a Cartoonist! with the subject line “Cartoonist Application.” Expect to submit one cartoon per month.

The Last Word “Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set.” -Proverbs 22:28

Cartoon est.Corner 199348 Dear Mr. Editor, pon reading the Senator of , has been Devolution to dystopia begins with article, “Why You quoted saying, “I’m at the limits of chipping away at women’s rights, Should Oppose my medical knowledge, but until and the first step is outlawing Abortion,” by Alex those chromosomes, you were abortion. If made illegal in the US, Kelly, I was disap- talking about combine—from male this decision would be catastrophic pointed. Not necessarily at the and female—that’s my understand- because women are no longer in Ustrong buzz words used to support ing.” Senators like Chambliss have control of their selves. The bodily a heavily obfuscated argument, made it clear that they couldn’t autonomy of women would be but at the mischaracterization of care less about the dynamics of fully surrendered to the monoto- facts throughout the article. I am how childbirth affects women, and nous and patriarchal bureaucratic not here to criticize Mr. Kelly, this is reflected in the laws they structure. We would become a full- but rather to present a cohesive make. Ignorant legislators like fledged Gilead due to the perpet- argument as to why one should be Chambliss are obstacles to equality uation of regressive policies like pro-choice, especially conservative and personal liberties, especially originalism, or the interpretation of and libertarian-minded individ- for women. the Constitution as it was written. uals. The main premises of my The government mandating Today, originalist individuals are argument will be life science, the the decisions of its citizens should at the highest courts in the land philosophy of freedom, and the be a concern for those who prior- and could change the nature of potential implications of outlawing itize freedoms. If the government women’s rights in a single deci- abortion. decided to strip the people of their sion. These individuals and their Many of the scientific argu- gun rights, wouldn’t everyone policies like overturning Roe v. ments against abortion start at the care? Restricting the autonomy Wade only highlight the regressive heartbeat bill, trying to frame the of women is harmful to the pro- framework that firmly upholds embryo as something of a full- gression towards a higher quality the patriarchy. We must rid our- fledged human being. Fetal heart- of life. An example of this can be selves of these regressive attitudes beat bills focus on the immorality seen in Poland, where the govern- as they are counterproductive to of potentially aborting the embryo ment has severely restricted the equality and do not safeguard the at 6 weeks, due to the presence abortion rights of women. This health and rights of women. of a “heartbeat”. However, this sets a dangerous precedent and Again, I am not here to heartbeat is not an actual heartbeat, shifts the quality of life in society. criticize Mr. Kelly. I am here to but rather a flutter, or the future Every day, activists and other Pol- make a point: women’s rights are pacemaker of the embryo’s heart ish citizens are out protesting the paramount to guaranteeing a high (Baran, 2019). Open any biolo- ban. The women in Poland have quality of life. Women deserve to gy textbook and you’ll find that no control over their lack of bodily be in control of their health and a mere flutter of a heart doesn’t autonomy (Pronczurk, 2020). happiness. Women deserve to represent a fully developed human This decision has stuck them in make their own decisions. Women being. Similar bills like abortion the monotonous purgatory that is deserve a chair at the table, not reversals mandate that a doctor has pleading and begging for reform. to have it pulled out from under to give the patient a notice about This relegates them to a state of them. Women deserve equality. saving the child from medicinal constant conflict with an authori- ALL women deserve equality. abortion. However, the reversal tarian government that denies them Enough with the pathos-based and bill has been based on limited their rights; this is an exhausting frankly misogynistic pleas, be- studies with only 6 participants condition to be in. A government cause simply put Mr. Editor, facts (Heaney, 2019). These flimsy bills like the one in Poland that does don’t care about your feelings. reflect the negligence of senators not prioritize the rights of women, Sincerely, and their baseless claims. For ALL women, truly does not care Eesha Desai example, Clyde Chambliss, a State about the well being of society. UNC Class of 2024 49 CAROLINA REVIEW · December 2020 Dear Ms. Desai, within the past decade, includ- to women who give birth. Your I sincerely appreciate your ing Doctor Keith Moore’s recent argument of bodily autonomy just willingness to write a response let- work The Developing Human doesn’t hold up. The law rightfully ter to my latest publication. Con- in which he states “The cardio- prohibits each and every one of us versation is the method by which vascular system is the first major from doing many things with our we facilitate the exchange of ideas system to function in the embryo. bodies. Whether it be indulging in directly between one another to The primordial heart and vascular harmful drugs, prostitution, nudity, see the flaws within both our own system appear in the middle of the seatbelt requirements, and laws perspective and the perspective third week. This precocious car- governing blood to alcohol con- of others. As former President of diac development occurs because tent. The law is justified to restrict Kosovo Antifete Jahjaga stated, the rapidly growing embryo can bodily autonomy when the choices “Democracy must be built through no longer satisfy its nutritional and you make have the ability to di- open societies that share informa- oxygen requirements by diffu- rectly impact others or the com- tion. When there is information, sion alone. Consequently, there mon good for greater society. there is enlightenment. When there is a need for an efficient method Abortion is not merely the is debate, there are solutions.” I of acquiring oxygen and nutri- act of you detaching a parasite disagree with your characterization ents from the maternal blood and from your body, but instead the of my argument and will describe disposing of carbon dioxide and intentional ending of human life. It my disagreements below. waste products.” (Moore 2013). is much easier to justify your lack Though I do not cede to The embryonic heart is at work of moral obligation to help some- you the point that human life exchanging carbon dioxide and ox- one than it is to justify that it is is valuable due to a heartbeat, I ygen even before further develop- morally permissible for you to end would like to push back on your ment. Beyond this, a recent Oxford a life. narrative that at six weeks that the University and University College I am not attempting to make the fetal heartbeat is nothing more London Medical School discov- claim that women should not have than a “mere flutter”.The argu- ered that the heart muscle in mice control over their own bodies, they ment that a heartbeat alone derives starts beating at approximately 7.5 should. Bodily autonomy exists life or value is a false premise that days, the equivalent of 16 days and it is a breach of one’s digni- could be applied to a fully grown in human embryos (Riley 2017). ty to have their bodily autonomy adult. Either human life begins at This being over a week earlier than stripped from them. I just don’t conception or it is not drawn at all. numerous studies had previously agree that the right to bodily au- For example, those who are reliant stated the heartbeat began. tonomy allows you to intentionally on a pacemaker are dependent on Despite your commitment violate the autonomy of another outside forces to generate their to portraying the “pro-choice” autonomous human being. The heartbeat. A human organism hav- movement as a pro-women political debate over this issue will ing a heartbeat in itself does not movement to protect women subsist for many years to come. establish moral worth, but it would from ultra-conservative men, this Federal and state governments always be better for you to make couldn’t be further from the truth. should do more to provide support an argument that the heartbeat is Abortion is a reflection that our to mothers; this possibly including irrelevant rather than becoming re- society has failed to meet the basic federally funded pregnancy cen- liant on a singular source to claim needs of women, not a rallying cry ters, grants to help cover the cost it’s non-existent. to be championed. It undoubtedly of childbirth, paid maternity leave, Your expression that the heartbeat harms the mental health of wom- funded child-care centers, and at six weeks is nothing more than en as recent psychiatric studies provide incentives for birth. a fluster is contradicted by nearly have shown that women who have With thanks and appreciation, every recently published scientific abortions are much more like to Alex Kelly study on prenatal development attempt suicide in comparison Opinion Editor 50