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Mycobacterium Pseudoshottsii Sp Nov., a Slowly Growing Chromogenic Species Isolated from Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis)

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Mycobacterium Pseudoshottsii Sp Nov., a Slowly Growing Chromogenic Species Isolated from Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles Virginia Institute of Marine Science 5-2005 Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) MW Rhodes Virginia Institute of Marine Science H Kator Virginia Institute of Marine Science et al I Kaattari Virginia Institute of Marine Science Kimberly S. Reece Virginia Institute of Marine Science See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Rhodes, MW; Kator, H; al, et; Kaattari, I; Reece, Kimberly S.; Vogelbein, Wolfgang K.; and Ottinger, CA, "Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis)" (2005). VIMS Articles. 1608. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1608 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors MW Rhodes, H Kator, et al, I Kaattari, Kimberly S. Reece, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, and CA Ottinger This article is available at W&M ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1608 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2005), 55, 1139–1147 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63343-0 Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) Martha W. Rhodes,1 Howard Kator,1 Alan McNabb,2 Caroline Deshayes,3 Jean-Marc Reyrat,3 Barbara A. Brown-Elliott,4 Richard Wallace Jr,4 Kristin A. Trott,5 John M. Parker,6 Barry Lifland,7 Gerard Osterhout,8 Ilsa Kaattari,1 Kimberly Reece,1 Wolfgang Vogelbein1 and Christopher A. Ottinger9 Correspondence 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Martha W. Rhodes VA 23062, USA [email protected] 2Laboratory Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver BC, Canada V5Z 4R4 3Avenir Group, Inserm U570, Avenir Group, Faculte´ de Me´decine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France 4Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA 5Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 6Office of Laboratory Animal Care, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 7Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 8MIDI, Inc. Research and Development, Newark, DE 19713, USA 9US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA A group of slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. Biochemical reactions, growth characteristics and mycolic acid profiles (HPLC) resembled those of Mycobacterium shottsii, a non-pigmented mycobacterium also isolated during the same epizootic. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, the gene encoding the exported repeated protein (erp) and the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene demonstrated that this group of isolates is unique. Insertion sequences associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans,IS2404 and IS2606, were detected by PCR. These isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing pigmented mycobacteria by their inability to grow at 37 6C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase, negative Tween 80 hydrolysis and resistance to isoniazid (1 mgml”1), p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species, Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov. The type strain, L15T, has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-883T and the National Collection of Type Cultures (UK) as NCTC 13318T. Published online ahead of print on 23 December 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63343-0. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequences of Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii ATCC BAA-883T are AY570988 and AY571788, respectively. Aligned erp gene sequences of Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov., Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium shottsii, Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are available as a supplementary figure in IJSEM Online. Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by 63343 G 2005 IUMS Printed in Great Britain 1139 IP: 139.70.105.159 On: Fri, 02 Aug 2019 13:39:02 M. W. Rhodes and others Since the early 1990s, the availability of a variety of 3 months. Growth and biochemical testing included refer- molecular techniques for characterizing bacteria has had ence strains of Mycobacterium avium (M1), Mycobacterium a major impact on mycobacterial taxonomy. The greater fortuitum (M6), Mycobacterium gordonae (M8), Myco- discriminatory power of molecular methods compared with bacterium kansasii (M10) and Mycobacterium marinum traditional phenotypic techniques has resulted in a dramatic (M11) (all of which were obtained from the Environ- increase in the identification of previously unrecognized mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA, and Con- species (Tortoli, 2003). These new taxa comprise isolates solidated Laboratory Services, Commonwealth of Virginia, of both clinical and environmental origin. DNA-based Richmond, VA, USA), Mycobacterium ulcerans (ATCC methods are particularly valuable for characterizing the 19423T) and Mycobacterium shottsii M175T (previously latter, which typically have lower growth-temperature pre- deposited, from our laboratory, in the American Type Cul- ferences and biochemical characteristics that often do not ture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA as ATCC 700981T). allow conclusive species identification using diagnostic techniques developed almost exclusively for clinical isolates. Colony morphology and the ability to grow at tempera- tures ranging from 23 to 37 uC were determined after 1 and The primary pathogens of mycobacteriosis in fish are 2 months incubation on Middlebrook 7H10 agar with reported to be Mycobacterium abscessus (formerly Myco- OADC enrichment. The following characters were assessed bacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus), Mycobacterium at 23 uC: production of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium after 3 and 14 days, catalase after heating at 68 uC, marinum (Belas et al., 1995). Recently, three previously b-galactosidase, nitrate reductase, niacin, pyrazinamidase, unrecognized species were isolated: ‘Mycobacterium chesa- semi-quantitative catalase, Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease peaki’ (Heckert et al., 2001) and Mycobacterium shottsii from and growth on Lo¨wenstein–Jensen medium containing an epizootic in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (Rhodes NaCl (50 mg ml21) (Kent & Kubica, 1985; Lutz, 1995). The et al., 2003), and Mycobacterium montefiorense from cap- proportion method (Kent & Kubica, 1985; Le´vy-Fre´bault tive moray eels (Gymnothorax funebris and Gymnothorax & Portaels, 1992) was used to determine drug susceptibi- moringa) (Levi et al., 2003). Characterization using molec- lity. Testing media were prepared by adding hydroxylamine, ular methods allowed discrimination of Mycobacterium isoniazid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetone and thiophene- shottsii and Mycobacterium montefiorense from the clinically 2-carboxylic hydrazide to Middlebrook 7H10 agar with significant related species Mycobacterium marinum (Dobos OADC; alternatively, the desired drug concentration was et al., 1999) and Mycobacterium triplex, respectively (Floyd achieved by elution from submerged discs (BBL/Becton et al., 1996; Hazra et al., 2001). Dickinson Diagnostic Systems). Oleate resistance was deter- mined in the same manner using Dubos oleic acid agar During an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in Chesapeake Bay (control) (BBL/Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems) and striped bass, a variety of mycobacteria were isolated and the same base medium supplemented with oleic acid. then characterized using traditional biochemical and growth features (Rhodes et al., 2004). In this study, we report the The results of HPLC analysis of mycolic acids from L15T isolation, from striped bass, of a group of mycobacteria and Mycobacterium shottsii M175T were compared using phenotypically resembling Mycobacterium shottsii, which the Sherlock Mycobacteria Identification System (SMIS; shares with Mycobacterium marinum a cladic relationship MIDI). Cells from cultures grown on Middlebrook 7H10 with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and agar with OADC were saponified, extracted and derivatized several other species (Goodfellow & Magee, 1998). Poly- according to the manufacturer’s instructions and loaded phasic studies involving biochemical testing, mycolic acid onto an Agilent ChemStation HPLC (Agilent Technologies). analysis, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the 65 kDa Separation of the mycolic acids was achieved by using a heat-shock-protein gene (hsp65) and the exported repeti- gradient of methanol and 2-propanol. Results were analysed tive protein (erp) gene, and gene amplification of Mycobac- using MIDI Sherlock
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