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Monongahela River Valley by Maura C. Kay Ba

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Monongahela River Valley by Maura C. Kay Ba Re(de)fining the Rust Belt: Assessing Regional Divergence in the Postindustrial Mid- Monongahela River Valley by Maura C. Kay Bachelor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, 2018 Submitted to the Faculty of The University of Pittsburgh in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences Thesis Presented by Maura Kay Defended on July 25, 2018 before Dr. Carolyn Carson, Senior Lecturer, Urban Studies Program, University of Pittsburgh Dr. William Chase, Professor of History, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Allen Dieterich-Ward, Associate Professor of History at Shippensburg University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Michael Glass, Lecturer II, Urban Studies Program, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Maura C. Kay 2018 iii Re(de)fining the Rust Belt: Assessing Regional Divergence in the Postindustrial Mid- Monongahela River Valley Maura C. Kay, BPhil University of Pittsburgh, 2018 The postindustrial narrative is neither pure tragedy nor comedy, but instead a bitter irony. Municipalities that once doled out shining steel rusted over in the twenty-first century. The Monongahela River Valley, colloquially known as the Mon Valley, is a microcosm of deindustrialization’s impact. Home to municipalities with shared histories of manufacturing, the Mon Valley provides a case for determining the role the direction of economic development in the postindustrial period. Why do the conditions of the built environment vary so much between towns with shared experiences? I evaluate the economic status and development projects of fifteen small to mid-size municipalities of the Mid Monongahela Valley (MMV), in order to identify variables of success. Using a mixed methods approach consisting of content analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and case studies grounded in interviews, I consider what makes economic development projects successful in MMV municipalities. Not only does the Mon Valley depict the physical implications of deindustrialization, but also embodies the capitalistic concept of uneven development. Doctrines of political economy help explore the relationship between former industrial spaces and the production of space. Due to MMV’s peripheral connections to Pittsburgh, I also explore the relationship between political economy and regionalism. Previous literature links the condition of lower valley towns to Pittsburgh’s renaissance, but many questions remain about the spatio-temporal relationship of the MMV. The elasticity of Pittsburgh’s metropolitan umbrella is contested by disaggregate narratives of the MMV. I find that the MMV’s regional identification is fluid and interacts with postindustrial political economy. While there is evidence of divergence in the MMV today, the next steps of economic development remains in question. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... XI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 THE MMV DEFINED AND JUSTIFIED ................................................................. 9 2.1 DEFINITION ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2 JUSTIFICATION .............................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Population Size ............................................................................................ 17 2.2.2 Main Streets ................................................................................................. 19 2.2.3 Political Relevance ...................................................................................... 20 2.2.4 Regional Relationships, Proximity to Pittsburgh ..................................... 21 2.3 MID MON VALLEY MUNICIPALITIES ..................................................... 23 2.3.1 Brownsville Borough, Fayette County ...................................................... 25 2.3.2 California Borough, Fayette County ......................................................... 28 2.3.3 Fayette City Borough, Fayette County ..................................................... 29 2.3.4 Charleroi Borough, Washington County .................................................. 30 2.3.5 City of Monessen, Westmoreland County ................................................ 34 2.3.6 Donora Borough .......................................................................................... 40 2.3.7 Monongahela City, Washington County .................................................. 42 2.3.8 New Eagle Borough..................................................................................... 44 v 2.3.9 West Elizabeth Borough ............................................................................. 45 3.0 POLITICAL ECONOMY APPROACHES TO DEINDUSTRIALIZATION ..... 47 3.1 DEFINING POLITICAL ECONOMY............................................................ 48 3.2 THE GEOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY ..................................... 51 3.3 THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE .................................................................... 55 3.4 UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................ 58 3.5 CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY ........................................ 61 3.6 POSTINDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM ............................................................... 64 3.7 THE POLITICS OF THE POSTINDUSTRIAL MMV ................................. 67 3.8 FROM POLITICAL ECONOMY TO REGIONALISM .............................. 68 4.0 REGIONALISM IN THE MMV .............................................................................. 71 4.1 HISTORY OF REGIONALISM ...................................................................... 72 4.2 REGIONAL ECONOMICS ............................................................................. 75 4.3 REGIONAL IDENTITY ................................................................................... 77 4.4 REGIONAL POLITICS ................................................................................... 82 4.5 THE FUTURE OF REGIONALISM IN THE MMV .................................... 86 4.6 REGIONAL COMPETITION ......................................................................... 88 5.0 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 93 5.1 CONTENT ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 94 5.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ................................................. 96 5.3 CASE STUDIES............................................................................................... 102 6.0 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 112 6.1 NARRATIVE OF THE MMV ........................................................................ 113 vi 6.2 DIVERGENCE ................................................................................................ 115 6.2.1 Median Household Income....................................................................... 116 6.2.2 Poverty Rate .............................................................................................. 119 6.2.3 Vacancy Rate ............................................................................................. 121 6.2.4 Entrepreneurship ...................................................................................... 122 6.2.5 Sectoral Splits ............................................................................................ 123 6.2.6 Population Loss ......................................................................................... 126 6.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ........................................................................... 127 7.0 CASE STUDIES ....................................................................................................... 129 7.1 MONONGAHELA .......................................................................................... 129 7.1.1 Monongahela Main Street Program........................................................ 132 7.1.2 Aquatorium ............................................................................................... 136 7.1.3 Relationship to the region ........................................................................ 140 7.1.4 Economic development strategies ............................................................ 142 7.2 BROWNSVILLE CASE STUDY ................................................................... 147 7.2.1 Snowden Square ........................................................................................ 154 7.2.2 Economic Development Strategies .......................................................... 156 7.3 CASE COMPARSIONS .................................................................................. 158 8.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 161 8.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS REVISITED ...................................................... 163 8.2 POLITICAL ECONOMY REVISITED........................................................ 164 8.3 REGIONALISM REVISITED ....................................................................... 165 8.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................
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