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Hipparion Material from Gaojiashan Locality in the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage

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Hipparion Material from Gaojiashan Locality in the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology ISSN: 0891-2963 (Print) 1029-2381 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 Hipparion material from Gaojiashan locality in the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China and associated mammalian fossil assemblage Yikun Li, Wen He, Shanqin Chen, Shiqi Wang, Boyang Sun & Yu Li To cite this article: Yikun Li, Wen He, Shanqin Chen, Shiqi Wang, Boyang Sun & Yu Li (2017): Hipparion material from Gaojiashan locality in the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China and associated mammalian fossil assemblage, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2017.1315684 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1315684 Published online: 19 Apr 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ghbi20 Download by: [125.75.255.66] Date: 20 April 2017, At: 05:17 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1315684 Hipparion material from Gaojiashan locality in the Late Miocene of Linxia Basin, Gansu, China and associated mammalian fossil assemblage Yikun Lia,b, Wen Hec, Shanqin Chenc, Shiqi Wanga,d, Boyang Suna,b and Yu Lia,b aKey Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; cHezheng Paleozoological Museum, P.R. China; dCAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Two Hipparion species, H. forstenae and H. hippidiodus from Gaojiashan locality in the Linxia Basin, Gansu, Received 2 January 2017 China are described in this paper, with the first presence of the former in the Linxia Basin. The lower Accepted 2 April 2017 cheek teeth of Hipparion from Gaojiashan bear deep ectoflexids, and after comparisons to other Chinese KEYWORDS Hipparion fossils with deep ectoflexids, the mandibles with deep ectoflexids on the lower premolars Late Miocene; Linxia Basin; suggest their attributions to H. forstenae. The presence of a deep ectoflexid on p2 may be interpretable Hipparion; mammalian fossil as an intraspecifically variable feature in H. forstenae, and can also be found in H. dermatorhinum. Besides assemblage the Hipparion material, at least 8 species of large mammals occur at the Gaojiashan locality, including Adcrocuta eximia, Chilotherium wimani, Shansirhinus ringstroemi, Eucladoceros cf. proboulei, Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys, Giraffidae gen. et sp. indet., and the previously studied Promephitis hootoni and Eostyloceros hezhengensis. Although the sample from Gaojiashan shares five species with the Yangjiashan fauna, the Gaojiashan fossil assemblage may date to the Baodean because of the presence of H. forstenae. The overall taxonomic composition of the Gaojiashan assemblage at least suggests an approximate Baodean age, which would imply survival of C. wimani into the Baodean of the Linxia Basin. Introduction Hezheng County. The Gaojiashan locality is labelled LX 0034 (35°21′21.3″N, 103°19′00.7″E) in IVPP geological surveys (Deng, The Linxia Basin is well known for yielding abundant and com- Qiu et al. 2013), and the locality is in highly vegetated cover pletely preserved large mammalian fossils. The fossiliferous because of increasing rainfalls in the West China during recent areas cover nearly the whole of Hezheng County, the western years. The geological setting and field photo of the Gaojiashan half of Guanghe County, the southern areas of Dongxiang locality are shown in Figure 1(A),(B). County and Linxia City, and the easternmost parts of Linxia and Jishishan counties. Fossil assemblages known from successive geological sequences in the region include the Late Oligocene Material, methods and abbreviations Dzungariotherium fauna, Middle Miocene Platybelodon fauna, Late Miocene Hipparion fauna and Early Pleistocene Equus The mammalian material from Gaojiashan is comprised of two fauna, and the Linxia Basin has notably produced fossil rodents, parts: specimens collected from the field expeditions, and those lagomorphs, primates, carnivores, proboscideans, perissodactyls housed at Hezheng Paleozoological Museum. The specimens and artiodactyls (Deng, Qiu et al. 2013). collected from the field expeditions, are deposited and accessi- Hipparion material is quite abundant in the Linxia Basin, ble in the collections of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology where H. dongxiangense, H. weihoense, H. chiai, H. dermatorhi- and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (142 num, H. platyodus, H. coelophyes, and H. hippidiodus were previ- Xizhimenwai Street, Beijing, China), including material of ously reported in the Liushu Formation (Deng, Qiu et al. 2013). Hipparion forstenae, lower cheek teeth row of H. hippidiodus, Only the Hipparion material from the Wangji and Shilei localities skull of Eostyloceros hezhengensis, antlers of Eucladoceros cf. were present with detailed descriptions (Qiu & Xie 1998; Pang proboulei, upper teeth of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys, and tooth 2015). Two Hipparion species, H. forstenae and H. hippidiodus fragment of Giraffidae gen. et sp. indet. The specimens belonging occur at the Gaojiashan locality, with the first presence of the to Hezheng Paleozoological Museum contain skulls of Adcrocuta former in the Linxia Basin. Besides the Hipparion material, the eximia, Promephitis hootoni, Hipparion hippidiodus, Chilotherium associated mammalian assemblage is also present here. wimani, and Shansirhinus ringstroemi, and a metacarpal of Gaojiashan is administratively a part of Jinchanggou Hamlet, Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys. Compared to the well-preparations Xinzhuang Township (previously named Guantangou Township), of the material housed in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology CONTACT Yikun Li [email protected] © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group .Y. LI ET AL 2 Figure 1. The Gaojiashan locality, Hezheng, China. (A) geological setting of the location follows Deng et al. (2014); (B) field photo of the fossil locality taken in 2016. and Paleoanthropology, many specimens preserved in the Systematic paleontology of Hipparion material Hezheng Paleozoological Museum are mounted for display and unprepared. This situation hampers confident identification and (1) Material assigned to H. forstenae detailed description of the material in question, but contributes Order Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 to public education and science outreach. Except that the mate- Family Equidae Gill, 1872 rial of Eostyloceros and Promephitis have previously been studied Genus Hipparion de Christol, 1832 by Deng et al. (2014) and Wang and Qiu (2004), morphologi- Subgenus Cremohipparion Qiu & Huang et al., 1987 cal descriptions of the other material are present in this paper. Hipparion (Cremohipparion) forstenae Zhegallo, 1971 The mandible of H. forstenae was CT scanned, using the 450 kV Hipparion richthofeni, Sefve, 1927: p. 20, pl. II, figs. 5–6; pl. industrial CT at the Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and III, figs. 7–10. Human Origins, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The measure- Hipparion richthofeni, Gromova, 1952. ments are taken with digital calipers with a precision of 0.1 mm. Hipparion plocodus, Forstén, 1968, in part. The morphological nomenclatures and measuring methods follow Hipparion richthofeni, Zhegallo, 1978. those of: Qiu, Huang et al. (1987) and Eisenmann et al. (1988) in Hipparion plocodus, Forstén, 1985, in part. hipparions, Werdelin (1988) and Werdelin and Solounias (1990) ‘Hipparion’ richthofeni, Bernor et al., 1987. in hyaenids, Guérin (1980) and Deng (2001, 2005) in aceratheres, Lectotype: PMU M 3873, skull of an old individual missing Dong (2008), Wang and Zhang (2011) and Deng et al. (2014) the snout (Sefve 1927; Pl. II, 5–6; Qiu, Huang et al. 1987), dis- in cervids, and Bohlin (1926) and Ríos et al. (2016) in giraffids. covered at Daijiagou, Baode County, Shanxi Province, China Abbreviations: IVPP V or V, specimen prefix of the Institute (Andersson’s Locality 30–2). of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; LX, IVPP Referred material: V 23327.1, right facial fragment with P2– fossil locality number within the Linxia Basin; HMV, specimen M3; V 23327.2, fragmentary mandibles with left p2–m1 and right prefix of Hezheng Paleozoological Museum; PMU M, specimen p2–half p4; V 23327.3, right fragmentary mandible with p3–p4; prefix of the Evolution Museum of Uppsala University; THP, V 23327.4, right fragmentary mandible with m1–m3; V 23327.5, specimen prefix of the Licent Collection of Musee Hoangho left maxilla with DP2–DP4; V 23327.6, right dp4 (Figures 2,3(B); Paiho in Tianjin. Tables 1 and 2). HISTORICAL BIOLOGY 3 Figure 2. Hipparion fossils from Gaojiashan, Hezheng, China. H. forstenae: (A) right facial fragment, V 23327.1; (B) fragmentary mandibles, V 23327.2; (C) right p3–p4, V 23327.3; (E) right m1–m3, V 23327.4; (F) left DP2–DP4, V 23327.5; (G) left dp4, V 23327.6. H. hippidiodus: (D) left mandible, V 23328. Occlusal view. Scale bars = 5 cm, upper for A, B, lower for C–G. Description rectangular, their lengths exceeding their widths. The presence of A complete series of cheek teeth, and part of the facial region are ridged main cusps and middle grooves indicates that V 23327.1 preserved in V 23327.1 (Figures 2(A) and 3(B)). The preorbital
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