Castilleja A Publication of the Wyoming Native Plant Society October 2004, Volume 23, No. 3 www.uwyo.edu/wyndd/wnps/wnps_home.htm In this issue: Relicts and Refugia . 1 Floristic Diversity of Wyoming Counties . 3 Botanical Novitiates Find Botanical Novelty . 4 Critical Habitat for the Colorado Butterfly Plant . 5 Requiem for a Lawnmower – review. 6 Rocky Mountain Natural History – review . .7 Whitebark Pine - excerpt. 8 Cynoglossum boreale – addition to the state flora 9 Raising Livestock and Lowering Carbon Dioxide . 10 Scholarship Announcement . 11 Natives vs. Imposters. 12 Relicts and Refugia By Bonnie Heidel For all of the breath-taking alpine topography of the Medicine Bow Range, some of its heart-thumping botany lies low across rolling expanses. Three years and three stages of peatland research have documented vast Above: Eriophorum gracile (slender cotton-grass) is montane fen systems in the Medicine Bow circumboreal, with outlying distribution in northwestern Range, refugia for eleven rare Wyoming Wyoming, the Medicine Bow Range and South Park in vascular plant species of concern including five Colorado By B. Heidel relict species previously unknown from southern Wyoming. peatlands harbor close to 10% of the rare Peatland rare species are disjunct or Wyoming plant species of concern. peripheral as they are present in Wyoming, Botanists took a plunge into peatlands denizens of high latitudes, not state and with pilot site surveys on the Medicine Bow and regional endemics that are the focus of most the Shoshone national forests to compile a Wyoming Natural Diversity Database botany working list of peatland rare species, flora, and research. However, review of the Wyoming vegetation at a small number of known or plant species of concern list in 2002 compared inferred peatland study sites (Heidel and against regional peatland floras indicated that Laursen 2003 a, b; Mellmann-Brown 2004). Results pointed to … (continued on p. 9) 1 WNPS NEWS – Native Plant Partners: The Board of the Wyoming Native Plant Society moved to join the ranks of native plant societies across the country in the 2005 Scholarship announcement! See p. 11 Native Plant Conservation Campaign. This national Fieldtrip photographs: See p. 7 network of affiliated native plant societies, botanical 2005 Wyoming Plant Conference gardens, and other plant conservation Initial plans are brewing for a 2005 Wyoming Plant organizations is dedicated to information Conference next spring, jointly hosted by Wyoming exchange and advocating for native plant species Native Plant Society (WNPS) and Wyoming and community conservation through: Technical Rare Plant Committee, as well as ? increased funding and support for plant science prospective institution and agency partners. WNPS research and education, members who might be interested in helping organize such an event are invited to send their ? use of local native plants in restoration, names, contact information, and interest, whether in helping develop the programs, local ? prevention and control of infestation by invasive exotic plants arrangements, special events, partnerships or publicity; via the WNPS homepage or 766-3020. ? improved staffing and funding for Federal botany programs, and By-Laws Brainstorm -Look for a vote by WNPS members on By-Laws ? stronger Federal laws for conservation of native amendments in the upcoming December issue of plants and ecosystems Castilleja. Amendments are under consideration to Additional information is posted at: http://cnps.org/NPCC create a life membership category and put the WNPS membership year, Board term of office, and fiscal year in line with one another. WNPS Contributers to this issue include: Tyler Abbott, members who might be interested in helping draft Jane Dorn, Walter Fertig, Bonnie Heidel, and Hollis or review By-Laws amendments are invited to send Marriott. their names and contact information via the WNPS Treasurer’s Report: Balance as of 7 September homepage or 766-3020. 2004: General Fund $890.28; Student Scholarship Fund: $149.00; Total funds $1,039.28 Nominations sought: Members interested in running for the 2005 WNPS Board are encouraged to New Members: Please welcome the following new contact Jean Daly, President, or Bonnie Heidel, members and subscribers to WNPS: Ben Editor (see contact information, below). Officer Chesebro, Laramie; McCracken Research Library - terms run for one year. Board members-at-large Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody; Karen Ferguson, serve for two years. The ballot comes in Buffalo; Alison & Dick Jones, Wilson; Yelena December. Kosovich, Irkutsk, Russia; Phil & Martha Roberts, Wyoming Native Plant Society Red Lodge, Montana; Rik Smith, Laramie . P.O. Box 2500, Laramie, WY 82073 WNPS Board ********* President: Jean Daly (Big Horn) 674-9728 Meeting announcement: Intermountain Native Vice President: Melanie Arnett (Laramie) 742-0988 Plant Summit III, regarding native plant Sec.-Treasurer: Drew Arnold (Laramie) 742-7079 propagation and restoration research. Nov. 3-5 at Board Members: Kent Houston (Cody) 527-6572 Boise State University, Boise, ID. Includes Katherine Zacharkevics (Spearfish, SD) 605-642-2240 presentations, a germplasm workshop, forums, ******** Newsletter Editor: Bonnie Heidel (Laramie; and poster displays. There is no registration fee email: [email protected]) but pre-registration is encouraged. For a copy of Teton Chapter: PO Box 82, Wilson, WY 83014 the program, to pre-register and get hotel (Joan Lucas, Treasurer) information, contact: [email protected] . Bighorn Native Plant Society: PO Box 21, Big Horn, WY 82833 (Jean Daly, Treasurer) **The next newsletter deadline is 19 November.** Webmaster-Tessa Dutcher ([email protected]) 2 Above: Number of vascular plant species and varieties per county in Wyoming. Numbers derived primarily from Dorn 2001 (Vascular Plants of Wyoming, 3rd edition) and additional county records for Teton County (Stuart Markow), Lincoln County (Clay Kyte & Walter Fertig) and Yellowstone NP (Jennifer Whipple) and statewide from Bonnie Heidel and others. Floristic Diversity of Wyoming Counties By Walter Fertig Although defined using political (and often ahead of the other county it encompasses, geometric) principles rather than biological criteria, Teton County. Overall, species richness is counties can provide a convenient framework for greatest in those counties with high mountain quantifying distribution patterns of Wyoming’s ranges and lowest in the counties of the Great vascular plant flora. Of Wyoming’s 23 counties, Plains. Fremont has the highest species richness with If total area of the county is 1558 taxa, or about 55% of all vascular plant considered, however, Albany County emerges as taxa found in the state. Fremont County’s high the state’s winner for vascular plant richness. At diversity can be attributed to a wide mix of 11,160 km2, Albany is half the size of Fremont habitats, ranging from high peaks of the Wind County and 2/3 the size of Park County, but River and Absaroka ranges to desert basins and based on the number of species per log (area), rich wetlands along the Wind and Sweetwater Albany comes out highest, followed by Park, and rivers. Park County is a close second to then Fremont (Yellowstone NP emerges in fourth Fremont, with 1540 taxa (54.8% of the state place under these criteria). Alas, poor Goshen, flora), though it should be noted that these Campbell, and Niobrara counties still have the figures do not include the portion of the county smallest floras no matter how you slice it. contained within Yellowstone National Park. If (Editor’s note: See articles on pp. 1, 4, and 9 about considered as a county-equivalent, Yellowstone species additions that bolster the Albany County lead, would rank 6th in the state with 1368 taxa, just and boost the Crook County tally... and the state flora.) 3 found during floristic inventory by Barb Packer in the late 1990s. It also grows in the Black Hills (WY and SD), the Sweetwater Rocks area, on Casper Mountain and in the mountain ranges of northwest Wyoming. The full range of the species extends from Alaska and western Canada south through the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountains into New Mexico. True to its name, Saxifraga occidentalis is a lover of rocky sites. “Saxifraga” is derived from the Latin saxum, a rock, and frango, to break; members of this genus are also known as breakstones or rockfoils. The name may also refer to the use of saxifrages by herbalists in treating “stones” of the urinary tract. The second part of the scientific name, “occidentalis,” Above: means western. For some mysterious reason, Dave Thorne demonstrates this species is listed as Alberta saxifrage in the good field USDA Plants Database, considered by some to techniques be the final word on common names. Western saxifrage is obviously more appropriate, based on translation of the scientific name as well as distribution of the species. Like many saxifrages, Saxifraga occidentalis has a scapose growth form, with a cluster of basal leaves and a leafless flowering From: Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1961. Pt. 3. Saxifragaceae stem, usually less than 25 cm tall. Flowers are to Ericaceae. In: C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and white, small (petals less than 3.5 mm long), and J.W. Thomas. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Publication in Biology. variously arranged -- from open branched inflorescences to compact clusters. Inflorescence Botanical Novitiates Find Botanical Novelty type has been used to distinguish