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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior
Evolutionary Anthropology 9 ARTICLES Recent Developments in the Study of Wild Chimpanzee Behavior JOHN C. MITANI, DAVID P. WATTS, AND MARTIN N. MULLER Chimpanzees have always been of special interest to anthropologists. As our organization, genetics and behavior, closest living relatives,1–3 they provide the standard against which to assess hunting and meat-eating, inter-group human uniqueness and information regarding the changes that must have oc- relationships, and behavioral endocri- curred during the course of human evolution. Given these circumstances, it is not nology. Our treatment is selective, and surprising that chimpanzees have been studied intensively in the wild. Jane Good- we explicitly avoid comment on inter- all4,5 initiated the first long-term field study of chimpanzee behavior at the Gombe population variation in behavior as it National Park, Tanzania. Her observations of tool manufacture and use, hunting, relates to the question of chimpanzee and meat-eating forever changed the way we define humans. Field research on cultures. Excellent reviews of this chimpanzee behavior by Toshisada Nishida and colleagues6 at the nearby Mahale topic, of central concern to anthropol- Mountains National Park has had an equally significant impact. It was Nishida7,8 ogists, can be found elsewhere.12–14 who first provided a comprehensive picture of the chimpanzee social system, including group structure and dispersal. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION No single issue in the study of wild Two generations of researchers erything about the behavior of these chimpanzee behavior has seen more have followed Goodall and Nishida apes in nature. But this is not the case. debate than the nature of their social into the field. -
Learning to Be an Orangutan—Implications of Life History for Orangutan Rehabilitation
animals Article Learning to Be an Orangutan—Implications of Life History for Orangutan Rehabilitation Signe Preuschoft 1,2,*, Ishak Yassir 3, Asti Iryanti Putri 2,4, Nur Aoliya 2,5, Erma Yuliani 2, Siti Nur Badriyah 2, Paloma Corbi 1,2, Yoyok Sugianto 6, Bina Swastas Sitepu 3, Mukhlisi 3 and Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter 7,* 1 Ape Protection Unit, Four Paws, 22767 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected] 2 Yayasan Jejak Pulang, Samboja, East Kalimantan 75276, Indonesia; [email protected] (A.I.P.); [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (E.Y.); [email protected] (S.N.B.) 3 Balitek KSDA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Samboja, East Kalimantan 75276, Indonesia; [email protected] (I.Y.); [email protected] (B.S.S.); [email protected] (M.) 4 Department of Psychology, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogjakarta 55166, Indonesia 5 Department of Biology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 6 BKSDA Kalimantan Timur, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75243, Indonesia; [email protected] 7 Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (E.K.-S.); Tel.: +43-664-8485554 (S.P.); +43-316-3803960 (E.K.-S.) Simple Summary: Like humans, great apes have extended childhoods during which they depend on maternal pedagogy. To help rescued orphans recover from maternal loss our rehabilitation programme is modelled on the natural infant development of orangutans. Orphaned apes cannot be released back into freedom before they have learned the skills necessary to survive alone. -
Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees
ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR VOL. 35 Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees MARTIN N. MULLER* and JOHN C. MITANIt *DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BOSTON UNIVERSITY BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 02215, USA tDEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, 48109, USA 1. INTRODUCTION The twin themes of competition and cooperation have been the focus of many studies in animal behavior (Alcock, 2001; Dugatkin, 2004; Krebs and Davies, 1997). Competition receives prominent attention because it forms the basis for the unifying, organizing principle of biology. Darwin's (1859) theory of natural selection furnishes a powerful framework to understand the origin and maintenance of organic and behavioral diversity. Because the process of natural selection depends on reproductive competition, aggression, dominance, and competition for mates serve as important foci of ethological research. In contrast, cooperation in animals is less easily explained within a Darwinian framework. Why do animals cooperate and behave in ways that benefit others? Supplements to the theory of natural selection in the form of kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and mutualism provide mechanisms that transform the study of cooperative behavior in animals into a mode of inquiry compatible with our current understand- ing of the evolutionary process (Clutton-Brock, 2002; Hamilton, 1964; Trivers, 1971). If cooperation can be analyzed via natural selection operating on indivi- duals, a new way to conceptualize the process emerges. Instead of viewing cooperation as distinct from competition, it becomes productive to regard them together. Students of animal behavior have long recognized that an artificial dichotomy may exist insofar as animals frequently cooperate to compete with conspecifics. -
Orangutan…Taxonomy…And…Nomenclature
«««« ORANGUTAN…TAXONOMY…AND…NOMENCLATURE« « Craig«D em itros« « The«taxonom y«of«the«orangutan«has«been«confusing«and«is«still«the«subject«of« m uch«debate.«Q uestions«at«the«specific«and«subspecific«level«are«still«being« investigated«(Courtenay«et«al.«1988).«The«follow ing«taxonom ic«inform ation«is« taken«prim arily«from «G roves,«1971.« « H IG H ER«LEVEL«TAXO N O M Y:« O rder:«Prim ates« Suborder:«A nthropoidea« Superfam ily:«H om inoidea« Fam ily:«Pongidae«(Includes«extant«genera«Pan,…Gorilla…and…Pongo).« « H ISTO RICA L«TAXO N O M Y«AT«TH E«G EN U S«A N D «G EN U S«SPECIES«LEVEL:«« G enus« Pongo«Lacepede,«1799.« O urangus«Zim m erm an,«1777«(N am e«invalidated).« « G enus«species«(Pongo…pygm aeus«H oppius,«1763).« Sim ia…pygm aeus«H oppius,«1763.««Type«locality«Sum atra.« Sim ia…satyrus«Linnaeus,«1766.« O urangus…outangus«Zim m erm an,«1777.« Pongo…borneo«Lacepede,«1799.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Sim ia…Agrais«Schreber,«1779.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Pongo…W urm bii«Tiedem ann,«1808.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Pongo…Abelii«Lesson,«1827.««Type«locality«Sum atra.« Sim ia…M orio«O w en,«1836.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Pithecus…bicolor«I.«G eoffroy,«1841.««Type«locality«Sum atra.« Sim ia…Gargantica«Pearson,«1841.««Type«locality«Sum atra.« Pithecus…brookei«Blyth,«1853.««Type«locality«Saraw ak.« Pithecus…ow enii«Blyth,«1853.««Type«locality«Saraw ak.« Pithecus…curtus«Blyth,«1855.««Type«locality«Saraw ak.« Satyrus…Knekias«M eyer,«1856.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Pithecus…W allichii«G ray,«1870.««Type«locality«Borneo.« Pithecus…sum atranus«Selenka,«1896.««Type«locality«Sum atra.« Pongo…pygm aeus«Rothschild,«1904.««First«use«of«this«com bination.« Ptihecus…w allacei«Elliot,«1913.««Type«locality«Borneo.« « CURRENT…TAXONOMY« « The«current«and«m ost«accepted«taxonom y«of«the«G enus«Pongo«includes«one« species«Pongo…pygm aeus«and«tw o«subspecies«P.p.…pygm aeus«(the«Bornean« subspecies)«and«P.p.…abelii«(the«Sum atran«subspecies)«(Bem m el«1968;«Jones« 1969;«G roves«1971;«Jacobshagen«1979;«Seuarez«et«al.«1979«and«G roves«1993).« 5« « . -
Studbook Gibbons 07
European Studbook Number 2 (data 31.12.2006) Edited by Pierre Moisson & Mélanie Berthet Northern White-cheeked Gibbon - Nomascus leucogenys Southern White-cheeked Gibbon - Nomascus siki Red-cheeked Gibbon - Nomascus gabriellae With Nutrition guidelines by David Gomis and a summary of Hylobatidae diseases 1 Nutrition guidelines for “Concolor” gibbons by David Gomis, DVM, with the collaboration of Sara De Michelis, PhD ; Thijs Flahou, DVM ; Lise Turner, DVM. These nutritional guidelines can also be used for other Hylobatidae species, except perhaps Siamangs. Part of this work was undertaken in 2005 by L. Turner for her veterinary thesis (Cf. 9- Ref. 84) and more recently in 2006-2007 with T. Flahou for the Mulhouse Zoo Dietary Manual publication. 1- Introduction: The present guidelines have been written in response to a lack of research and published informations on Nomascus subspecies diets. Meeting the nutritional needs of gibbons is essential to assure their survival and their reproduction in captivity. Present guidelines are not nutrition recommendations, but a first evaluation done in Mulhouse Zoo. Our Zoo has experience with keeping and breeding gibbons since 1961, and even if their nutrition doesn’t seem to represent a real difficulty compared to other non human primates, the diets have been improved over these 46 years. Therefore this work does not pretend to be exhaustive. Hopefully it would initiate some more nutrition research and coordination among zoos, with the objective of improving the database. Zoo animal nutrition is increasingly being recognised as a specialty: knowledge available is increasing too. The first aim of this study was to provide a database, useful for the development of diets for “Concolor” gibbons, as objectively as possible: with this purpose, we synthetized the few data we could collect on “Concolor” gibbons’ diets and nutrient requirements. -
The Mini Lesson
BreakingNewsEnglish - The Mini Lesson U.S. police to look into True / False shooting of zoo gorilla a) The gorilla that was shot was 7 years old. T / F 2nd June, 2016 b) The little boy jumped into the gorilla's Police in the US enclosure. T / F state of Ohio are c) The water the gorilla dragged the boy through going to look into was not deep. T / F the shooting of a 17-year gorilla at d) The gorilla was upset by the noises of the Cincinnati Zoo. crowd. T / F They will investigate e) Zookeepers said a tranquilizer gun would the facts around the never sedate a big gorilla. T / F killing of Harambe the gorilla after a f) An online petition blaming the mother was four-year-old boy signed by 300,000 people. T / F fell into the ape's g) The mother said some parents can watch their enclosure on Saturday. Video footage showed the children every second. T / F gorilla dragging the boy through shallow water in his cage for up to ten minutes. Some people who h) The mother said society is quick to judge were at the zoo said they were worried about the parents. T / F little boy's safety. Other people said the gorilla was trying to protect the child and that the animal was Synonym Match becoming upset by the noise from the crowds of people looking at the event. Zookeepers made a 1. look into a. pulling decision to shoot the gorilla because they feared for 2. enclosure b. -
Rejected Write-Ins
Rejected Write-Ins — Official Travis County — November 8, 2016, Joint General and Special Elections — November 08,2016 Page 1 of 28 12/08/2016 02:12 PM Total Number of Voters : 496,044 of 761,470 = 65.14% Precincts Reporting 247 of 268 = 92.16% Contest Title Rejected Write-In Names Number of Votes PRESIDENT <no name> 58 A 2 A BAG OF CRAP 1 A GIANT METEOR 1 AA 1 AARON ABRIEL MORRIS 1 ABBY MANICCIA 1 ABDEF 1 ABE LINCOLN 3 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 3 ABSTAIN 3 ABSTAIN DUE TO BAD CANDIA 1 ADA BROWN 1 ADAM CAROLLA 2 ADAM LEE CATE 1 ADELE WHITE 1 ADOLPH HITLER 2 ADRIAN BELTRE 1 AJANI WHITE 1 AL GORE 1 AL SMITH 1 ALAN 1 ALAN CARSON 1 ALEX OLIVARES 1 ALEX PULIDO 1 ALEXANDER HAMILTON 1 ALEXANDRA BLAKE GILMOUR 1 ALFRED NEWMAN 1 ALICE COOPER 1 ALICE IWINSKI 1 ALIEN 1 AMERICA DESERVES BETTER 1 AMINE 1 AMY IVY 1 ANDREW 1 ANDREW BASAIGO 1 ANDREW BASIAGO 1 ANDREW D BASIAGO 1 ANDREW JACKSON 1 ANDREW MARTIN ERIK BROOKS 1 ANDREW MCMULLIN 1 ANDREW OCONNELL 1 ANDREW W HAMPF 1 Rejected Write-Ins — Official Travis County — November 8, 2016, Joint General and Special Elections — November 08,2016 Page 2 of 28 12/08/2016 02:12 PM Total Number of Voters : 496,044 of 761,470 = 65.14% Precincts Reporting 247 of 268 = 92.16% Contest Title Rejected Write-In Names Number of Votes PRESIDENT Continued.. ANN WU 1 ANNA 1 ANNEMARIE 1 ANONOMOUS 1 ANONYMAS 1 ANONYMOS 1 ANONYMOUS 1 ANTHONY AMATO 1 ANTONIO FIERROS 1 ANYONE ELSE 7 ARI SHAFFIR 1 ARNOLD WEISS 1 ASHLEY MCNEILL 2 ASIKILIZAYE 1 AUSTIN PETERSEN 1 AUSTIN PETERSON 1 AZIZI WESTMILLER 1 B SANDERS 2 BABA BOOEY 1 BARACK OBAMA 5 BARAK -
Animal Representations, Anthropomorphism, and Några Tillfällen – Kommer Frågan Om Subjektivi- Interspecies Relations in the Little Golden Books
Samlaren Tidskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur Årgång 139 2018 I distribution: Eddy.se Svenska Litteratursällskapet REDAKTIONSKOMMITTÉ: Berkeley: Linda Rugg Göteborg: Lisbeth Larsson Köpenhamn: Johnny Kondrup Lund: Erik Hedling, Eva Hættner Aurelius München: Annegret Heitmann Oslo: Elisabeth Oxfeldt Stockholm: Anders Cullhed, Anders Olsson, Boel Westin Tartu: Daniel Sävborg Uppsala: Torsten Pettersson, Johan Svedjedal Zürich: Klaus Müller-Wille Åbo: Claes Ahlund Redaktörer: Jon Viklund (uppsatser) och Sigrid Schottenius Cullhed (recensioner) Biträdande redaktör: Niclas Johansson och Camilla Wallin Bergström Inlagans typografi: Anders Svedin Utgiven med stöd av Vetenskapsrådet Bidrag till Samlaren insändes digitalt i ordbehandlingsprogrammet Word till [email protected]. Konsultera skribentinstruktionerna på sällskapets hemsida innan du skickar in. Sista inläm- ningsdatum för uppsatser till nästa årgång av Samlaren är 15 juni 2019 och för recensioner 1 sep- tember 2019. Samlaren publiceras även digitalt, varför den som sänder in material till Samlaren därmed anses medge digital publicering. Den digitala utgåvan nås på: http://www.svelitt.se/ samlaren/index.html. Sällskapet avser att kontinuerligt tillgängliggöra även äldre årgångar av tidskriften. Svenska Litteratursällskapet tackar de personer som under det senaste året ställt sig till för- fogande som bedömare av inkomna manuskript. Svenska Litteratursällskapet PG: 5367–8. Svenska Litteratursällskapets hemsida kan nås via adressen www.svelitt.se. isbn 978–91–87666–38–4 issn 0348–6133 Printed in Lithuania by Balto print, Vilnius 2019 Recensioner av doktorsavhandlingar · 241 vitet. Men om medier, med Marshall McLuhan, Kelly Hübben, A Genre of Animal Hanky-panky? är proteser – vilket Gardfors skriver under på vid Animal Representations, Anthropomorphism, and några tillfällen – kommer frågan om subjektivi- Interspecies Relations in The Little Golden Books. -
Proposal for Inclusion of the Chimpanzee
CMS Distribution: General CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.1.1 25 May 2017 SPECIES Original: English 12th MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES Manila, Philippines, 23 - 28 October 2017 Agenda Item 25.1 PROPOSAL FOR THE INCLUSION OF THE CHIMPANZEE (Pan troglodytes) ON APPENDIX I AND II OF THE CONVENTION Summary: The Governments of Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania have jointly submitted the attached proposal* for the inclusion of the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) on Appendix I and II of CMS. *The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CMS Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.1.1 PROPOSAL FOR THE INCLUSION OF CHIMPANZEE (Pan troglodytes) ON APPENDICES I AND II OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS A: PROPOSAL Inclusion of Pan troglodytes in Appendix I and II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. B: PROPONENTS: Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania C: SUPPORTING STATEMENT 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Mammalia 1.2 Order: Primates 1.3 Family: Hominidae 1.4 Genus, species or subspecies, including author and year: Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach 1775) (Wilson & Reeder 2005) [Note: Pan troglodytes is understood in the sense of Wilson and Reeder (2005), the current reference for terrestrial mammals used by CMS). -
Orangutan SAFE Program Plan
2020-2022 Orangutan SAFE Program Plan ORANGUTAN SAFE PROGR AM PLAN Contents Orangutan SAFE Species Program Goal ............................................................................................................................. 2 Program Operational Structure ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Conservation Target ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Status of Species within the AZA Community ................................................................................................................... 3 AZA Conservation Activities ................................................................................................................................................. 4 AZA Public Engagement Activities ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Conservation Status of the Species ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Population and Habitat Viability Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 6 Threats .................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Calamity for Wild Orangutans in Borneo
et21/1 oge Sees—e eaica ouce as ao a ami- isao wo ee o ou e Aima Weae Isiue a see as is easue o yeas—waks wi e Seeses og May See ou aecia- io o M Sees o age 13 May ese was a ieesig caace; se was aoe y e Seeses ae a aumaic eay ie as a say o og Isa Se ie i 199 vr pht b ln Mr rtr Maoie Cooke ai i eick uciso eeo G ewe Cisie Sees Cyia Wiso Oices Cisie Sees esie Cyia Wiso ice esie eeo G ewe Seceay eick uciso easue Sntf Ctt Maoie Ace Gea ea ee ey M aaa Oas "Tamworth Two" Win Fame by Cheating the Butcher oge aye The two pigs shown above, ickame uc Cassiy a Suace ig Samue eacock M o Was M wee e suec owiesea uic symay i auay we ey escae om a Mamesuy Ega aaoi soy eoe ey wee o e saug- Intrntnl Ctt ee Aie e Au a M - Meico We ey saw ei oe kie e ime gige-cooe igs eue G Aikas M - Geece saugeouse wokes wo case em o e miues i uc wigge Amassao aaak usai - agaes oug a oe i e wa a Suace oowe ey e swam acoss e Agea Kig - Uie Kigom ie Ao o a sma woo ey se si ays o e u uig wic ey Simo Muciu - Keya cause quie a o o meia a uic aeio as we as comica eos o Gooeo Sui - Cie aee em Ms umiiko ogo - aa Kaus esegaa - emak ey wee eeuay caug uc (acuay a emae was coee i a AeeyYaoko - ussia ie wie Suace was aquiie y e SCA I ig o e ooiey e ocie escaees a wo ei owe cage is mi aou aig Stffnd Cnltnt em saugee a ey wi ie ou ei ies i a aima sacuay eay Comue Cosua o Geie Assisa o e Oices iae aeso am Aima Cosua ...But Slaughterhouse Conditions Are No LaughingMatter ye uciso Wae Camaig Cooiao oug e amwo wos sow a a ay eig saugeouse Cay iss Eecuie ieco coiios ae ayig u