DOCSLIB.ORG

Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility By Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility by Christopher Aaron Handy Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility Copyright © 2016 by Christopher Aaron Handy Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Descriptive Note Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Religious Studies McMaster University, Hamilton, ON indian buddhist etiquette and the emergence of ascetic civility Christopher Aaron Handy MA Religion MA Eastern Classics BA Classics BA History Supervisor: Dr. Shayne Clarke Total pages: vi, 281 ii Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Abstract Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility This dissertation is a study of the concept of etiquette in the monastic law codes of early Indian Buddhism. This category of texts, called vinaya, is considered within and outside of the tradition to be based on Buddhist ethical ideals. However, vinaya texts also contain a great deal of material that appears to be inherited from pre-Buddhist cultural habits, and is not uniquely Buddhist. That material is useful to us in reconstructing the world of early Buddhists, as literary examples of the kinds of interaction Buddhists portrayed themselves having with Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and various political and kinship groups in premodern India. The degree to which this body of literature is representative of actual historical situations is open to debate, but the texts arguably illustrate an ideal of behaviour in social relationships. Etiquette in general manifests as a kind of public performance involving respect for boundaries and acknowledgment of social roles. The various rituals that are considered to embody etiquette in any particular culture often look arbitrary from the outside, yet there is always an internal logic that helps to determine which behaviours are considered appropriate and which are “impolite.” I argue here that the etiquette rituals of early Indian Buddhist monastics are modeled on a conception of disgust that Buddhists shared with various other Sanskritic cultures of premodern northern India. I employ some of the ideas from linguistic politeness and from contemporary theories of disgust to help in my analysis of these premodern law codes. iii Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Acknowledgments I wish to thank my supervisor, Dr. Shayne Clarke, and the other members of my dissertation committee, Dr. James Benn and Dr. Mark Rowe, for being my teachers. After six years in the Religious Studies program at McMaster, I must move on to new projects, but the advice and guidance of my committee will always inform my own understanding of Buddhism, and my approach to the study of religion. I will keep with me many happy memories of my time in Hamilton, ON. This dissertation was informed by the suggestions of my committee, as well as by numerous graduate students, postdocs and other members of the McMaster community. Many people have read drafts at different stages of the dissertation and provided me with valuable advice, including Dr. Fumi Yao, Chris Jensen, Chris Emms, Joe LaRose, Gerjan Altenburg, Rein Ende, Ruifeng Chen, Adel Hashimi, John Fink, Myron Groover, Gabriel Artigue Carro, and Wayne Hamilton. Mackenzie Salt, Daniel Schmidtke, and Bryor Snefjella were a great help to me in understanding contemporary theories of linguistics. I wish to thank Dale Askey and the Sherman Centre for Digital Scholarship for generously providing me with a workspace at McMaster Mills Library, and for the numerous workshops on integrating humanities scholarship and digital technology. I would also like to thank the external reader of my dissertation, Dr. Jason Neelis, for taking the time to be part of this project. I am most thankful for my wife, Minran, who stood by me patiently throughout this long project, and who always makes sure I go to bed on time. iv Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies Indian Buddhist Etiquette and the Emergence of Ascetic Civility Table of Contents Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................iv Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Early Indian Buddhist Etiquette........................1 1.1: Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.2: Etiquette as Ritual .....................................................................................................5 1.3: The Scope of Indian Buddhist Etiquette .................................................................15 1.4: Buddhist Politeness and Social Face.......................................................................29 1.5: Etiquette and Disgust ..............................................................................................37 1.6: Gender and Politeness.............................................................................................41 1.7: Conclusion ..............................................................................................................42 Chapter 2: Vedic Origins of Buddhist Right Speech .....................................................43 2.1: Introduction.............................................................................................................43 2.2: The Setting ..............................................................................................................44 2.3: Etiquette in the dharmasūtras .................................................................................50 2.4: Etiquette and Ethics.................................................................................................64 2.5: Rough Speech and Right Speech in Buddhist Literature........................................73 2.6: Greetings in Nikāya Literature................................................................................84 2.7: Apologizing in the Theravāda Vinaya.....................................................................87 2.8: Abhisamācārikā Dharmāḥ, Talking With Brahmins and Kṣatriyas........................91 2.9: Conclusion ..............................................................................................................96 Chapter 3: Formal Etiquette and Buddhist Law ............................................................97 3.1: Introduction.............................................................................................................97 3.2: Buddhist Insults and Proper Speech........................................................................99 3.3: Offensive Actions..................................................................................................107 3.4: Proper Monastic Behaviour as Impolite................................................................121 3.5: Dining Etiquette ....................................................................................................129 3.6: Disgust ..................................................................................................................134 3.7: Conclusion ............................................................................................................137 Chapter 4: Liminality of the Lavatory..........................................................................139 4.1: Introduction...........................................................................................................139 4.2: Scholarship on Buddhist Hygiene.........................................................................141 4.3: Different Kinds of Bathrooms...............................................................................147 4.4: Propriety and the Body..........................................................................................155 4.5: Proper Use of the Monastic Lavatory ...................................................................165 4.6: Etiquette and Disgust in the Abhisamācārikā Dharmāḥ.......................................172 4.7: Lavatorial Contentions..........................................................................................178 v Ph.D. Thesis — Christopher Handy; McMaster University — Religious Studies 4.8: Other bodily functions...........................................................................................187 4.9: Bathing With Dignity ............................................................................................189 4.10: Conclusion ..........................................................................................................192 Chapter 5: The Disgusting Threat of Femininity .........................................................193 5.1: Introduction...........................................................................................................193 5.2: Ordination and Subordination...............................................................................199 5.3: Bad Words and Bad Gestures................................................................................208 5.4: Female Bodies and Disgusting Excretions............................................................219 5.5: The Disastrous Consequences of the Female Gaze...............................................228 5.6: Femininity and Agency .........................................................................................237
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cullavagga on Bhikkhunī Ordination
    Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 22, 2015 The Cullavagga on Bhikkhunī Ordination Bhikkhu Anālayo University of Hamburg Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no alteration is made to the content. Reproduction in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for private study, requires the written permission of the author. All en- quiries to: [email protected]. The Cullavagga on Bhikkhunī Ordination Bhikkhu Anālayo1 Abstract With this paper I examine the narrative that in the Cullavagga of the Theravāda Vinaya forms the background to the different rules on bhikkhunī ordination, alternating between translations of the respective portions from the original Pāli and discussions of their implications. An appendix to the paper briefly discusses the term paṇḍaka. Introduction In what follows I continue exploring the legal situation of bhikkhunī or- dination, a topic already broached in two previous publications. In “The Legality of Bhikkhunī Ordination” I concentrated in particular on the legal dimension of the ordinations carried out in Bodhgayā in 1998.2 Based on an appreciation of basic Theravāda legal principles, I discussed the nature of the garudhammas and the need for a probationary training 1 Numata Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg, and Dharma Drum Insti- tute of Liberal Arts, Taiwan. I am indebted to bhikkhu Ariyadhammika, bhikkhu Bodhi, bhikkhu Brahmāli, bhikkhunī Dhammadinnā, and Petra Kieffer-Pülz for commenting on a draft version of this article. 2 Anālayo (“The Legality”). Anālayo, The Cullavagga on Bhikkhunī Ordination 402 as a sikkhamānā, showing that this is preferable but not indispensable for a successful bhikkhunī ordination.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Buddhist Revivalist Movements Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements
    Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Buddhist Revivalist Movements Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Alan Robert Lopez Chiang Mai , Thailand ISBN 978-1-137-54349-3 ISBN 978-1-137-54086-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54086-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956808 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Nickolay Khoroshkov / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia
    Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia. A bibliography of historical and modern texts with introduction and partial annotation, and some echoes in Western countries. [This annotated bibliography of 220 items suggests the range and major themes of how Buddhism and people influenced by Buddhism have responded to disability in Asia through two millennia, with cultural background. Titles of the materials may be skimmed through in an hour, or the titles and annotations read in a day. The works listed might take half a year to find and read.] M. Miles (compiler and annotator) West Midlands, UK. November 2013 Available at: http://www.independentliving.org/miles2014a and http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/bibliography/buddhism/index.php Some terms used in this bibliography Buddhist terms and people. Buddhism, Bouddhisme, Buddhismus, suffering, compassion, caring response, loving kindness, dharma, dukkha, evil, heaven, hell, ignorance, impermanence, kamma, karma, karuna, metta, noble truths, eightfold path, rebirth, reincarnation, soul, spirit, spirituality, transcendent, self, attachment, clinging, delusion, grasping, buddha, bodhisatta, nirvana; bhikkhu, bhikksu, bhikkhuni, samgha, sangha, monastery, refuge, sutra, sutta, bonze, friar, biwa hoshi, priest, monk, nun, alms, begging; healing, therapy, mindfulness, meditation, Gautama, Gotama, Maitreya, Shakyamuni, Siddhartha, Tathagata, Amida, Amita, Amitabha, Atisha, Avalokiteshvara, Guanyin, Kannon, Kuan-yin, Kukai, Samantabhadra, Santideva, Asoka, Bhaddiya, Khujjuttara,
    [Show full text]
  • BUDDHISM, MEDITATION, and the NEGOTIATION of the PUBLIC SPHERE by Leana Marie Rudolph a Capstone Project Submitted for Graduatio
    BUDDHISM, MEDITATION, AND THE NEGOTIATION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE By Leana Marie Rudolph A capstone project submitted for Graduation with University Honors May 20, 2021 University Honors University of California, Riverside APPROVED Dr. Matthew King Department of Religious Studies Dr. Richard Cardullo, Howard H Hays Jr. Chair University Honors ABSTRACT This capstone serves to map and gather the oral histories of formerly undocumented Buddhist communities pertaining to their lived experiences in the Inland Empire. The ethnographic fieldwork conducted of 11 sites over the period of 12 months explored the intersection of diaspora, economy, and religious affiliation. This research begins to explore this junction by undertaking a qualitative and quantitative study that will map Buddhist life in the Inland Empire today. It will include interviews, providing oral histories, and will be accessible through a GIS map, helping Religious Studies and Anthropologist scholars to locate these sites and have background information on these locations. The Inland Empire represents many heavily populated, post-agricultural, and manufacturing areas in America today, which since the 1970s and especially since 2008 has suffered from many economic and social crises related to suburban poverty, as well as waves of demographic changes. Taking the Inland Empire as a petri dish for broader trends at the intersection of religion, economy, and the social in the American public sphere today, this capstone project hopes to determine how Buddhism forms at these intersections, what new stories about life in the Inland Empire Buddhist sites and communities help illuminate, and what forms of digital interfacing best brings anthropological analyses to the publics it examines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foundation of the Bhikkhunīsamgha
    Sonderdrucke aus der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg OSKAR VON HINÜBER The Foundation of the Bhikkhunīsamgha A contribution to the Earliest History of Buddhism Originalbeitrag erschienen in: Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2007, 11 (2008), S. [3]-29 The Foundation of the Bhikkhunisanigha A Contribution to the Earliest History of Buddhism Oskar von HINÜBER The revival of the ordination of nuns in the Theravada tradition is a long-standing issue of much, sometimes heated discussion culminating in a conference on this topic held in Hamburg'. This was an opportunity to reread the Vinaya of this school in order to trace possible obstacles to, or to find opportunities for the renewal of the bhikkhunt ordination. The best way to begin such an investigation seems to be a look back in history, to turn once again to the foundation of order of nuns as related in the Cullavagga of the Theravdda-Vinaya. This well known story is related in the Vinayapitaka in the tenth and last chapter of the Cullavagga that is at the end of the Khandhaka portion followed by two chapters on the first two councils at Rajagaha and VesälT, which may be considered as some sort of appendix treating events after the death of the Buddha. It is equally well known that the structure of the Khandhaka, that is Mandvagga and Cullavagga, is determined by the life story of the Buddha 2 : At the beginning of the text the enlightenment is described. Then follows in natural order the first sermon and the description of the foundation of the bhikkhusarngha, the order of monks, together with all the rules necessary to run the ever-growing Buddhist community.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L
    Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Researchnstitute, Poona, pp.171-201 Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha to the time of Asoka which is as follows:-- 1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books. 2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books. 3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha. 4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas. 5. The Sutta-Nipata, the Thera-and Theri-Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha. 6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas. 7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas. 8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida. 9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddha-Vamsa. 10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti. This chronological table of early Buddhist; literature is too catechetical, too cut and dried, and too general to be accepted in spite of its suggestiveness as a sure guide to determination of the chronology of the Pali canonical texts. The Octades and the Patimokkha are mentioned by Rhys Davids as literary compilations representing the third stage in the order of chronology. The Pali title corresponding to his Octades is Atthakavagga, the Book of Eights. The Book of Eights, as we have it in the Mahaniddesa or in the fourth book of the Suttanipata, is composed of sixteen poetical discourses, only four of which, namely, (1.) Guhatthaka, (2) Dutthatthaka.
    [Show full text]
  • Ajaan-Goeff-Retreat
    Bellingham Insight Meditation Society One Day Online Retreat Clinging and the End of Clinging A One Day Online Retreat with Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Ajaan Geoff) September 12th, 2020 9 am to 4 pm (PDT) When the Buddha formulated the first noble truth — the truth of suffering — he didn’t say something useless like “Life is Suffering,” and he didn’t say something vague and obvious like “There is suffering.” Instead, he said something more useful and insightful: suffering is the five clinging aggregates. As he explained, the problem isn’t with the aggregates, it’s with the clinging. So when he described the focus of his teaching as suffering and the end of suffering, he was basically saying that it was focused on clinging and the end of clinging. If we want to understand his teaching, we have to understand what clinging is, why it’s suffering, and how clinging can be used to put an end to clinging. This is the purpose of this two-part class. Thanissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) has been a Theravada Buddhist monk since 1976. After studying in Thailand with Ajaan Fuang Jotiko for ten years, he returned to the U.S. in 1991 to help found Metta Forest Monastery in the mountains north of San Diego where he is currently Abbot. Thanissaro Bhikkhu’s writing includes The Paradox of Becoming, The Mind Like Fire Unbound, The Wings to Awakening Straight from the Heart (Venerable Acariya Boowa), Right Mindfulness, and The Craft of the Heart (Ajaan Lee Dhammadharo). He has also translated many meditation guides by Thai forest masters as well as numerous scriptural texts from the Pali canon.
    [Show full text]
  • Starting out Small: a Collection of Talks for Beginning Meditators
    Starting Out Small A Collection of Talks for Beginning Meditators by Phra Ajaan Lee Dhammadharo (Phra Suddhidhammaraṅsī Gambhīramedhācariya) Translated from the Thai by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) EXPANDED EDITION, 2016 2 copyright 2016 ṭhānissaro bhikkhu This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 Unported. To see a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. “Commercial” shall mean any sale, whether for commercial or non-profit purposes or entities. questions about this book may be addressed to Metta Forest Monastery Valley Center, CA 92082-1409 U.S.A. additional resources More Dhamma talks, books and translations by Thanissaro Bhikkhu are available to download in digital audio and various ebook formats at dhammatalks.org. printed copy A paperback copy of this book is available free of charge. To request one, write to: Book Request, Metta Forest Monastery, PO Box 1409, Valley Center, CA 92082 USA. 3 Introduction This is a work in progress. Eventually, I hope to make available in English a much larger collection of Ajaan Lee’s talks to add to the collections already available: Lessons in Samādhi, Food for Thought, Inner Strength, and The Skill of Release. But for the moment, in keeping with the title of the collection, I’d like to start out small. The passages translated here had their beginnings in talks that Ajaan Lee gave to groups of people while they were meditating. In some cases, the people were his followers; in others, total strangers. In every case, Ajaan Lee found it necessary to cover the sorts of questions that occur to people new to meditation—Why meditate? How should I meditate? And why in that particular way?—and in his own style he provided not only straightforward answers to these questions but also vivid analogies, to help his listeners relate their meditation to familiar activities so that they would feel less intimidated by the uncharted areas of the minds they were trying to tame.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Note on the Medical Contents of the Taishō Tripiṭaka
    EASTM 47 (2018): 93-119 Research Note A Missing Link in the History of Chinese Medicine: Research Note on the Medical Contents of the Taishō Tripiṭaka C. Pierce Salguero [Pierce Salguero is an interdisciplinary humanities scholar fascinated by the intersections between Buddhism, medicine, and crosscultural exchange. He has a Ph.D. in History of Medicine from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and teaches Asian history, religion, and culture at Penn State University’s Abington College in Philadelphia. The major theme in his scholarship is the interplay between the global transmission and local reception of Buddhist knowledge about health, disease, and the body. He is the author of Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014), Buddhism & Medicine: An Anthology (vol. 1, Columbia University Press, 2017), and many articles in scholarly journals. Contact: [email protected]] * * * Abstract: Numerous texts were produced roughly between 150 and 1100 CE that introduced Indian medicine to East Asia. These have historically represented a relatively discrete corpus of health-related knowledge, relatively unintegrated into Chinese medicine and often ignored in mainstream Chinese medical historiography. Buddhist texts do not provide straightforward evidence of a unitary tradition of healing that was transplanted from India to China. However, these sources are critical to understanding the history of medicine in medieval China. In addition, it is not an exaggeration to say that this corpus offers one of the most voluminous sources of textual evidence for the transregional communication and reception of medical ideas in first millennium CE Asia that is available anywhere. Despite the fact that over the long term they were not nearly as significant in Chinese medical history as classical medical models, Buddhist ideas and practices deserve more attention than they have received thus far from our field.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking Like a Thief from Mandala June-August 2002 by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
    From the Vault: Since 1987, Mandala has served as FPMT’s official publication, bringing topical stories, teachings, news and advice to FPMT’s growing family. The Mandala archive is filled with many treasures: articles, artifacts and images that remain relevant and inspiring year after year. In this section, we will publish some of our favorites from the Mandala archive. Mandala has also been updating our website, daily, to re-publish topical articles from the vault based on the categories you are familiar seeing in the magazine (Teachings and Advice, Taking Care of Others, Your Community, etc.). You can easily subscribe to RSS feeds (Real Simple Syndication) of the daily postings and have these articles delivered right into your email inbox or Google homepage (among other options): www.mandalamagazine.org/feed Thinking Like a Thief From Mandala June-August 2002 By Thanissaro Bhikkhu In Theravada, the relationship between fluent in Thai and probably the most teacher and student is like that between uncouth barbarian he had ever met – I a master craftsman and his apprentice. quickly took on the role of his atten- The Dharma is a skill, like carpentry, dant. Instead of explaining where things archery or cooking. The duty of the should be placed or when certain duties teacher is to pass on the skill not only should be done, he left it up to me to by word and example, but also by observe for myself. If I caught on, he creating situations to foster the ingenu- wouldn’t say anything. If I didn’t, he’d ity and powers of observance the student give me a dressing down but still wouldn’t will need in order to become skillful.
    [Show full text]
  • A Buddhist Approach Based on Loving- Kindness: the Solution of the Conflict in Modern World
    A BUDDHIST APPROACH BASED ON LOVING- KINDNESS: THE SOLUTION OF THE CONFLICT IN MODERN WORLD Venerable Neminda A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2019 A Buddhist Approach Based on Loving-kindness: The Solution of the Conflict in Modern World Venerable Neminda A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2019 (Copyright by Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University) Dissertation Title : A Buddhist Approach Based on Loving-Kindness: The Solution of the Conflict in Modern World Researcher : Venerable Neminda Degree : Doctor of Philosophy (Buddhist Studies) Dissertation Supervisory Committee : Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Pāḷi VI, B.A. (Philosophy), M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) : Asst. Prof. Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull, B.A. (Advertising) M.A. (Buddhist Studies), Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Date of Graduation : February/ 26/ 2019 Abstract The dissertation is a qualitative research. There are three objectives, namely:- 1) To explore the concept of conflict and its cause found in the Buddhist scriptures, 2) To investigate the concept of loving-kindness for solving the conflicts in suttas and the best practices applied by modern scholars 3) To present a Buddhist approach based on loving-kindness: The solution of the conflict in modern world. This finding shows the concept of conflicts and conflict resolution method in the Buddhist scriptures. The Buddhist resolution is the loving-kindness. These loving- kindness approaches provide the method, and integration theory of the Buddhist teachings, best practice of modern scholar method which is resolution method in the modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • Canonical & Paraconical Pali Texts
    Canonical & Paraconical Pali Texts - Recommended translations and literature Sutta – Whole Nikāyas (Collections) B , B ; N , B : ODHI HIKKHU YANAMOLI HIKKHU The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: a new : Wisdom Publications, 1995 — ISBN 9780861710720 translation of the Majjhima Nikāya B , B : ODHI HIKKHU The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta : Wisdom Publications, 2005a — ISBN 0861713311 Nikaya B , B : ODHI HIKKHU The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Complete Translation of the : Wisdom Publications, 2012 — ISBN 1614290407 Anguttara Nikaya W , M O’C : ALSHE AURICE ONNELL The Long Discourses of the Buddha: a translation of the Dīgha : Wisdom Publications, 1995 — ISBN 9780861711031 Nikāya Sutta – Anthologies B , B : : ODHI HIKKHU In the Buddha’s Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon Wisdom Publications, 2005b — ISBN 0861714911 B , B ; N , T : Aṅguttara Nikāya An Anthology In: Bd. ODHI HIKKHU YANAPONIKA HERA Wheel 208–211 (2008) G , R.: : Oxford University ETHIN Sayings of the Buddha: a selection of suttas from the Pali Nikāyas Press, USA, 2008 — ISBN 019283925X H , J J: . Indianapolis, IN : Hackett Publishing, 2006 OLDER OHN Early Buddhist discourses — ISBN 0872207935 9780872207936 0872207927 9780872207929 N , B : . Gangodawila : Dharma YANANANDA HIKKHU Samyutta Nikaya. An Anthology. With notes Grantha Mudarana Bhāraya, 2009 Sutta – Individual books of the 5th Nikāya F , G : . RONSDAL IL The Dhammapada: A New Translation of the Buddhist Classic with Annotations New edition. Aufl. : Shambhala, 2006 — ISBN 1590303806 H , I. B.: : Pali Text Society, 1964 ORNER Milinda’s Questions: Milindapanha — ISBN 9780860132639 I , J.D.: : Buddhist Publication Society, 1997 RELAND The Udāna and the Itivuttaka — ISBN 9789552401640 M , P : .
    [Show full text]