Maurice Richard Et La Presse Sportive Montréalaise : L'itinéraire D'une Passion Partisane, 1942-1955

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Maurice Richard Et La Presse Sportive Montréalaise : L'itinéraire D'une Passion Partisane, 1942-1955 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL MAURICE RICHARD ET LA PRESSE SPORTIVE MONTRÉALAISE : L'ITINÉRAIRE D'UNE PASSION PARTISANE, 1942-1955 MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE À LA MAÎTRISE EN HISTOIRE PAR ETIENNE LAPOINTE MAI 2019 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.07-2011). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire.» REMERCIEMENTS Le travail de recherche menant à l'écriture d'un mémoire de maîtrise, ainsi que · l'exercice de rédaction en lui-même, demeurent un travail de longue haleine. Malgré l'extrême solitude dans laquelle se trouve bien souvent l'auteur, il n'en demeure pas moins que plusieurs personnes contribuent, par leur présence et leur soutien, à rendre possible la réalisation de cette entreprise. Il va de soi que ces personnes méritent d'être mentionnées ici. Bien qu'ayant croisé des professeurs de très haut calibre au cours de mes années passées au Département d'histoire de l'UQAM, il s'en trouve trois qui ont eu un impact majeur sur mon cheminement intellectuel et ils ont droit à toute ma gratitude. Je remercie chaleureusement Stéphane Savard qui a bien voulu codiriger ma recherche. Par ses conseils judicieux et ses commentaires sans complaisance, Stéphane a su rendre meilleur quelques passages de ce mémoire. Enfin, sans avoir participé directement à cette recherche, Greg Robinson, spécialiste de l'histoire des États-Unis et, surtout, ·grand amateur de baseball, a contribué grandement à mon amour de l'histoire du sport. Catherine Foisy, 'professeure au Département de sciences des religions de l'UQAM, a fait de moi un meilleur chercheur grâce aux divers projets sur lesquels elle m'a permis de travailler. Sa rigueur et son enthousiasme m'ont incité à lui demander de diriger ma thèse de doctorat. Catherine, nous nous revoyons bientôt pour entreprendre un nouveau projet, en attendant, je te remercie de tout cœur. Un énorme merci à tous les collègues étudiants et étudiantes du Département d'histoire pour les discussions et les échanges enrichissants. Je ne vous nomme pas, j'aurais peur d'en oublier et j'espère que vous saurez vous reconnaître. iii La recherche et la rédaction de ce mémoire ont été rendus possibles notamment grâce à la contribution financière de la Fondation de l'UQAM dont je remercie les donateurs, plus particulièrement Madeleine St-Martin, Michèle Beaudin et Pierre Véronneau. Je serai éternellement reconnaissant ·à Esther, Annie et Barbara du CPE Tortue têtue qui ont su prendre en charge l'éducation de mon fils durant l'année cruciale qui vient de se terminer. Sans elles, ce mémoire serait toujours en chantier. Enfin, c'est la gorge serrée par l'émotion que je remercie Marie-Pier pour son soutien de tous les instants au· cours des dernières années, dans les bons moments comme dans les plus difficiles et qui continue de supporter mes longs silences d'homme pris par la réflexion et les projets de recherche. Un énorme merci pour tout et pour Paul-Émile. C'est vous deux qui donnez un sens à tout cela. TABLE DES MATIÈRES REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................................... II TABLE DES MATIÈRES .......................................................................................... IV RÉSUMÉ .................................................................................................................... VI INTRODUCTION· ........................................................................................................ 1 Bilan historiographique ................................................................................................. 5 Problématique ............................................................................................................. 14 Cadre théorique : partisannerie et passion partisane .................................................. 17 Description critique du corpus de sources .................................................................. 25 Plan du mémoire ......................................................................................................... 31 CHAPITRE I ............................................................................................................... 33 LA MISE EN PLACE DE LA PASSION PARTISANE : 1942-4 7 ............................. 33 1.1 Le premier but de Maurice Richard ...................................................................... 3 6 1.2 Le point tournant: 30 décembre 1943 ................................................................. .43 1.3 « Stop Richard, and you stop Canadiens »............................................................ 49 1.4 Maurice Richard, victime d'injustices .................................................................. 53 1.5 Du travail des arbitres et les séries éliminatoires de 1947 .................................... 56 . Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 62 CHAPITRE II ............................................................................................................. 65 DES DIFFICULTÉS, DES STATISTIQUES ET LA RIVALITÉ AVEC GORDIE HOWE, 1947-51 ......................................................................................................... 65 2.1 Le Rocket« is not rocketing anymore »................................................................ 70 2.2 Maurice Richard, l'homme de plus de 40 buts ..................................................... 77 2.3 Maurice Richard et Gordie Howe: le début d'une intense rivalité ....................... 82 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 90 CHAPITRE III ............................................................................................................ 93 EN ROUTE VERS L'ÉMEUTE, 1951-55 ................................................................. 93 3.1 « The Greatest Goal ofhis Career »: 8 avril 1952 ............................................... 97 3 .2 Le meilleur buteur de tous les temps .................................................................. 102 V 3 .3 L' Affaire Geoffrion/Murphy et la personnalisation des rapports Richard/Campbell ................................................................................................................................... 106 3.4 Du 14 au 17 mars 1955 : en attendant l'Émeute ................................................. 111 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 118 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 120 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ......................................................................................... ~ .... :..... 130 Sources .................................................· ..................................................................... 130 Article/chapitre de livres ........................................................................................... 131 Films/émissions de radio ............................................................................................. 1.33 Joumaux récents ............................................................................. .-.................... of• •••• 13 3 Monographies ............................................................................................................ 134 Références Web ........................................................................................................ 139 Thèses/Mémoires de maîtrise ..................................................................................... 139 RÉSUMÉ Le présent mémoire vise à retracer l'itinéraire de la passion partisane dont a été l'objet Maurice Richard et, conséquemment, à nuancer l'interprétation nationaliste généralement admise de l'Émeute du 17 mars 1955. En effet, il est de coutume d'affirmer que cet événement était un geste d'affirmation nationale des Canadiens français. Or, se pourrait-il que l'Émeute n'ait été qu'une colère partisane n'ayant que peu à voir avec le nationalisme? En analysant les chroniques sportives de quatre quotidiens montréalais, deux francophones et deux anglophones, il est possible de constater que la question nationale est absente du discours des journalistes sportifs. En effet, ceux-ci n'abordent jamais la question. Ainsi, il est plausible d'en déduire que l'imaginaire qui
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