DOCSLIB.ORG

Hemorrhage After Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients Living in Rural Regions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hemorrhage After Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients Living in Rural Regions Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research Hemorrhage after Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients Living in Rural Regions Abstract Research Article Objective: Tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed operation in Volume 9 Issue 3 - 2017 otolaryngological clinics. There are many possible complications. We explored the incidence of hemorrhage, which is the most important complication because it can result in death. Otolaryngology Clinic, Hinis Sehit Yavuz Yurekseven State Hospital, Turkey Method: We included 83 pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomies in a second-level state hospital. We retrospectively reviewed patients who developed *Corresponding author: postoperative bleeding. Muhammet Recai Mazlumoglu, Results: Forty-five patients were male and thirty-eight were female (mean age Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Hinis Sehit Yavuz Yurekseven 8.2 years). Bleeding after tonsillectomy developed in five patients. All bleeding State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey, Tel: +90 542 435 5835; Fax: Received:+90 0442 327 3632; Email: | Published: November 29, 2017 underwas secondary local anesthesia. (after the No first additional 24 h). interventionsFour cases developed were required. in summer and one November 05, 2017 in winter. All hemorrhages were chemically cauterized using a silver nitrate rod Conclusion extreme heat. Thus, tonsillectomy is best performed in spring and autumn if possible. : Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in a rural area was caused by Keywords: Rural region; Tonsillectomy; Bleeding Introduction The tonsilla palatina has a rich blood supply from the tonsillar, bar.mL epinephrineWe did not perform (local anesthetics).suture ligation, We carotid identified artery the ligation, bleeding or ascendant palatine, dorsal lingual, descendant palatine, greater electrocautery.point and performed chemical cauterization using a silver nitrate palatine, and ascendant pharyngeal arteries. Bleeding after tonsillectomy is a serious (albeit rare) complication because it Results may be life-threatening. The incidence of the complication ranges age 8.2 years). All patients lived in rural areas. Bleeding developed from 0.1% to 9.3% [1,2]. Bleeding is classified as primary or Of the 83 patients, 45 were male and 38 were female (mean secondary, the former occurring within the first 24 h after surgery Three bleeders were males and two were females. The mean and the latter happening after 24 h but predominantly within the timeafter totonsillectomy bleeding was in five7.2 dayspatients; after all tonsillectomy. bleeding was Four secondary. bleeds Materialfirst 10 days and after Methods surgery [3,4]. occurred in the summer and one happened in winter (Table 1). The summer bleeds were associated with exposure to sunlight We evaluated tonsillectomy outcomes and post-bleeding and the winter bleed was associated with sleeping near a stove. complications in 83 pediatric patients treated between May Thus, the common characteristic was extreme heat. All patients had followed the nutritional recommendations. The average hemoglobin level was 10.8 g/dl. No other abnormalities were 2014 and May 2016 at Hinis State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey, and performed hemographic, biochemical, and bleeding tests evident. During 2 days of follow-up in the hospital, no advanced and a second-level state hospital. We took chest radiographs before surgery. All tonsillectomies were completed by the same treatments or blood transfusions were required. surgeon under general anesthesia using cold dissection, and all patients received intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam and Discussion analgesics. All patients were followed-up in-hospital for 1 day. The caregivers of all patients were given verbal and written Tonsillectomy is frequently performed in otorhinolaryngological instructions as to postoperative care and were provided with our clinics, and is associated with possible bleeding, aspiration, contact information. We performed a hemogram and determined thought to be associated with the surgical technique employed. laryngospasm, and circulatory collapse [4,8]. Primary bleeding is partial thromboplastin time, and bleeding time in patients who the international normalized ratio, prothrombin time, activated Risk of aspiration, laryngospasm, and blood circulation collapse bled after tonsillectomy. We first commenced fluid therapy. Then bleedingcan become is notmarked associated when therewith issurgical primary technique, bleeding isbecause rarer, andit is we cleared clots in the tonsillae field. We compressed the tonsillae generally more severe than secondary bleeding [2,5]. Secondary field by buffer containing 20 mg/mL lidocaine and 0.0125 mg/ Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Otolaryngol ENT Res 2017, 9(3): 00288 Copyright: Hemorrhage after Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients Living in Rural Regions ©2017 Mazlumoglu 2/2 bleeding develops. In addition, we suggest that if a tonsillectomy deaths caused by secondary bleeding have been reported later is planned for a patient living in a rural area, it is best to perform generally develops within 10 days postoperatively. However, Table 1: Demographic characteristics of patients undergoing tonsillectomy effectively treats any bleeding. andthan seasonal 39 days distribution after tonsillectomy of hemorrhages. [3,4]. surgery in spring or autumn if possible. Chemical cauterization Acknowledgement Number (n) None. Gender Conflict of Interest Male None. Female 4538 Season References 1. Carmody D, Vamadevan T, Cooper SM (1982) Posttonsillectomy Winter 1 Summer 4 2. hemorrhage. J Otolaryngol Otol 96(7): 635-638. Yorgancılar E, Yıldırım M, Meriç F (2008) Tonsillektomi sonrası 3. kanama. Dicle Tip Derg 35(3): 177-180. Our cases, unlike what is generally reported, consisted entirely of secondary bleedings. Wei et al. [6] found that 89 of 90 bleeds Süren M, Kaya Z, Gürbüzler L, Koç S, Okyay M (2011) Tonsillektomi bleeding are residual tonsillar tissue, infection, an incorrect diet sonrası hayatı tehdit eden geç kanama: olgu sunumu ve literatürün were secondary in 4,662 patients. The causes of secondary such as an acidic liquid or solid food, trauma, and the use of non- gözden geçirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Derg 53: 60-62. the bleeding in our patients to extremely hot environments. 4. 301.Ali RB, Smyth D, Kane R, Donnelly M (2008) Posttonsillectomy steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [7,8]. However, we attribute bleeding: a regional hospital experience. Ir J Med Sci 177(4): 297- Although the results remain controversial, many studies have shown that bleeding increases in hot seasons and in extremely hot 5. Randall DA, Hoffer ME (1998) Complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118(1): 61- 68. occurred in winter. We suggest that this is because houses are overheatedenvironments in winter.[9-11]. Lee et al. [12] reported that most bleeding 6. Wei J, Beatty C, Gustafon R (2000) Evaluation of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage and risk factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123(3): Treatments for bleeding after tonsillectomy include 7. 229-235. İkinci Elbistanlı MS, Elbistanlı Ş, Kumral özellikleriTL, Açıkalın ve RMbu (2014) hastalara basamak bir devlet hastanesinin KBB kliniğindeki tonsillektomi surgicalobservation, intervention hydration, is required,silver nitrateand may cauterization, include suturing, and sonrası kanama hastalarının electrocauterization. If conservative methods are insufficient, 8. Yaklaşımlarımız. Med Bull Haseki 52(1): 1-4. electrocauterization, and/or ligation of the external carotid artery Handler SD, Miller L, Richmond KH, Baranak CC (1986) Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage: incidence, prevention and branches. Elbistanli et al. [7] reported that 77.7% of cases required 9. management. Laryngoscope 96(11): 1243-1247. surgical intervention; the figures of Wei, Sayin et al. [6,12] were 47% and 28%, respectively. We used chemical cauterization (a Collison PJ, Mettler B (2000) Factors associated with post- 10. silver nitrate bar) only; no surgical interventions were required. tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Ear Nose Throat J 79(8): 640-646. As mentioned previously, the bleedings were attributed to study of factors which may predis¬pose to post-operattive tonsillar Local anesthesia was sufficient. Roberts C, Jayaramachandran S, Raine CH (1992) A prospective seasonality and room temperature. In addition, bleeding developed fossae hae¬morrhage. Clin Otolaryngol 17(1): 13-17. 11. İklim thereafter tonsillectomyis no control either,in five study patients. is retrospective, So, the shortcomings and the number of this Civelek Ş, Sayın İ, Akgül YH, ve ark (2009) değişiklikleri ofstudy; patients the environmental with bleeding istemperature low. record is not available and ile tonsillektomi sonrası kanamalar arasındaki ilişkinin 12. değerlendirilmesi. Turk Arch Otolaryngol 47: 63-68. Sayın İ, Bozkurt E, Yazıcı ZM, Kayhan FT (2011) Tonsillektomi sonrası oluşan ikincil kanamalar. Okmeydanı Tıp Derg 27(1): 44- As emphasized in the literature, it is important to prevent 48. hemorrhage after tonsillectomy; urgent treatment is required if Citation: DOI: Mazlumoglu MR (2017) Hemorrhage after Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients Living in Rural Regions. J Otolaryngol ENT Res 9(3): 00288. 10.15406/joentr.2017.09.00288.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Albucasis in Evolution of the History of Otorhinolaryngology
    Global Journal of Otolaryngology ISSN 2474-7556 Research Article Glob J Otolaryngol Volume 2 Issue 4 - December 2016 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Faisal Dibsi DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2016.02.555593 The Role of Albucasis in Evolution of the History of Otorhinolaryngology Faisal Dibsi* Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AL AHAHBA Private University, Aleppo City, Syria Submission: September 29, 2016; Published: December 15, 2016 *Corresponding author: Faisal Dibsi, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AL-KALIMAT HOSPITAL, Al-Sabil Area, Rezq-Allah Tahan Street, P.O.Box: 862, Aleppo city - Syria, Tel: 00963 21 2645909/00963944 488980; Email: Abstract comprising his Kitab al-Tasrif li-man ajiza an al-Taʹalif, the excellent surgical textbook with illustration of surgical instruments in the Middle Ages.“ALBUCASIS Most of the (936-1013 content was AD) a author repetition the first of the rational, earlier complete, contributions and illustrated of Paul Aegina treatises (7 thof surgery. The Surgery is the last of thirty treatises translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona (12th and practical surgeon. This surgical textbook describes many operative procedures, manipulations Century) and with instruments modifications. in Otorhinolaryngology, This textbook was explained the suture of new and old wounds in the Century) Nose, Lip, and and greatly Ear. In influenced the Ear Diseases Europe include as Eastern removing Islamic foreign countries. bodies, He performing was a working operations doctor for obstruction of the ear because of congenital aural atresia, scars and stenosis after injuries, polyps and granulations, extraction a creatures. Forward the Nose Diseases treatment fractures, nasal fistula, nasal polyps and tumors.
    [Show full text]
  • Cauterization in the Work of Ibn Al Qaf Masihi (1233-1286 Ad)-Medical Heritage of 13Th Century Mohd Fazil1, Sadia Nikhat2*
    TRADITIONAL AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE CauterizationTraditional & Integrative Medicine in the work of Ibn Al Qaf Masihi M. Fazil and S. Nikhat Trad Integr Med, Volume 4, Issue 2, Spring 2019 Review Cauterization in the Work of Ibn Al Qaf Masihi (1233-1286 Ad)-Medical Heritage of 13th Century Mohd Fazil1, Sadia Nikhat2* 1HAK Institute of Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Govt. of AYUSH, New Delhi, India 2Department of Ilaj BBit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medicine Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India Received: 7 Apr 2019 Accepted: 21 May 2019 Abstract Kayi (cauterization) involves the branding of non-healing lesions or any body part with hot metals, oils, drugs or hot water. Kayi is prescribed in ancient Greco-Arabian medicine for treating a wide range of ailments including infections, cancers, dislocations and disorders of temperament. Ibn al-Qaf Masihi was a thirteenth century physician-surgeon who provided a comprehensive understanding into cauterization, its methodology and clinical applications. His treattise, Kitāb al ̒Umda Fī Şanā’t al-Jarrāḥ contains an extensive account of operative procedures, instruments and case reports on many surgical procedures including kayi. According to him, kayi is best done in spring season if there is no emergency, iron should be preferred for cautery over gold, and treatment by kayi should be attempted only if medicines are ineffective and proper evacuation of morbid humors has been carried out. Masihi advised cauterization of the head, face, neck, chest, abdomen and over affected lesions comprising of a total of 44 conditions including apoplexy, sciatica, delicate structures like eye in epiphora, nose etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Adult Tonsillectomy +/- Adenoidectomy Post Operative Instructions
    Dr. Brian Hawkins, Dr. Joseph Creely and Jocelyn Jones PA-C 4950 Norton Healthcare Blvd Suite 209. Louisville, KY 40241 Phone (502)425-5556 www.communityent.com Adult Tonsillectomy +/- Adenoidectomy Post Operative Instructions What are the Tonsils and Adenoids? The tonsils are grape sized tissue on each side of the back of the throat. The adenoids are small pads of tissue in the back of the nose. The adenoids and tonsils produce antibodies to help fight infection. They are removed if they get too large and start to interfere with breathing(snoring) or swallowing, or for recurrent or chronic infections. What happens during surgery? During surgery, you are asleep under general anesthesia. This surgery usually takes less than 1 hour. The tonsil +/- adenoids are removed and the residual tonsil/adenoid bed is cauterized. Cauterization is when you apply heat to the residual tonsil and adenoid bed. This method causes less bleeding and is a more precise and complete way of removing the tissues. For most adults, this is an out-patient procedure. However, some patients need to stay in the hospital overnight for monitoring. What are the possible complications? Sore throat, headache, fever (common for 24 hours post-op) and bad breath are common. Pain in the ears should be expected after a tonsillectomy. ​ Typically the throat pain is the worst 4 to 8 days after the surgery. Adults and teenagers experience significantly more pain than children after this surgery Infection is rare and can be treated with antibiotics. Electrocautery is used in tonsil and adenoidectomies and in rare cases can cause burns to the tongue or lips.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Hemostasis and Electrosurgery on the Development and Evolution of Brain Tumor Surgery in the Late 19Th and Early 20Th Centuries
    Neurosurg Focus 18 (4):E3, 2005 Effect of hemostasis and electrosurgery on the development and evolution of brain tumor surgery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries JOHN R. VENDER, M.D., JASON MILLER, B.S., ANDY REKITO, M.S., AND DENNIS E. MCDONNELL, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia; and The Department of Neurosurgery, Gunderson Lutheran Medical Center, Lacrosse, Wisconsin Hemostatic options available to the surgeon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were limited. The surgical lig- ature was limited in value to the neurological surgeon because of the unique structural composition of brain tissue as well as the approaches and operating angles used in this type of surgery. In this manuscript the authors review the options available and the evolution of surgical hemostatic techniques and electrosurgery in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the impact of these methods on the surgical management of tumors of the brain and its coverings. KEY WORDS • brain tumor • hemostasis • electrosurgery • history of neurosurgery The confidence gradually acquired from masterfulness in mass, often resulting in excessive blood loss. With the ad- controlling hemorrhage gives to the surgeon the calm which is vent of the electrosurgery unit, tumors could now be de- so essential for clear thinking and orderly procedure at the bulked internally and the capsule delivered into the cavity. operating table. These techniques were already in use for the removal of Halsted schwannomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve. These expe- riences could now be applied to the more vascular lesions. OVERVIEW Originally, access to the intracranial space was obtained through a trephine.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P) ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O) International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research Review Article CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECT OF AGNIKARMA IN THE PURVIEW OF CAUTERIZATION R.K.Shah1*, S.M.Prasad2, B.K.Singh3, K.Jha4, M.K.Sah5 *1Associate Professor, HOD, Department of Shalya Tantra, 2Associate Professor, HOD, Department of Bal Roga, 3Assisstant Professor, Department of Kaya Chikitsa, 4Assistant Professor, HOD, Department of SRPT, Ayurveda Campus, IOM, TU, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 5Teaching Assistant, Department of Sanskrit, Samhita and Siddhanta, Ayurveda Campus, IOM, TU, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. ABSTRACT In Ayurveda, Shalyatantra is one of the eminent branches based on six major methods of management among which Agnikarma is boon for local Vata and Kaphaja Vyadhi. Its effect can be assessed as Sthanik Karma (local action), Saarvadaihik Karma (Action throughout the body) and Vishista Karma (Special actions). Based on amount of Agni needed, the condition and site of disease, Dahanupakarana are used to produce therapeutic burns during Agnikarma Chikitsa. It can be classified according to Dravya used, site, disease, Akriti and Dhatu to be cauterized. Based on the Dagdha (Burn), it is again of four type viz. scorched burn, blistered burn, superficial burn and deep burn. Its indication is in all seasons except in summer and autumn. Indications and contraindications are well expounded in classics with detail information on Purva Karma, Pradhana Karma and Paschat Karma during Agnikarma as it is superior to every other procedure used in Ayurveda Surgery. In modern medicine, there is no use of therapeutical burn i.e., Samyak Dagdha Chikitsa but its use is in other form e.g., Cauterization is used for coagulation and tissue destruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Topical Propolis on Wound Healing Process After Tonsillectomy: Randomized Controlled Study
    Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 11, No. 2: 146-150, June 2018 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2017.00647 pISSN 1976-8710 eISSN 2005-0720 Original Article Effect of Topical Propolis on Wound Healing Process After Tonsillectomy: Randomized Controlled Study Jeong Hwan Moon1-4·Min Young Lee1,4·Young-Jun Chung1,4·Chung-Ku Rhee1,2·Sang Joon Lee1,3,4 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan; 2Medical Laser Research Center, 3Beckman Laser Institute Korea, and 4Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea Objectives. The post-tonsillectomy pain and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage are the two main problems after tonsillectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of water soluble ethanol extract propolis on post-tonsil- lectomy patient. Methods. One hundred and thirty patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were randomly divided into the control and propolis groups, each including 65 patients. The propolis group was applied with propolis orally immediately after surgery and by gargle. The pain scores were assessed on post-tonsillectomy 0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th–10th day using a visual analogue scale score. Postoperative wound healing was evaluated by scoring pinkish membrane of tonsillar fossae on postoperative days 3 and 7–10. The incidence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding was examined in each group. Results. Post-tonsillectomy pain was significantly less in propolis group compared to control group on postoperative days 3 and 7–10. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was significantly less in the propolis group compared to the control group (P<0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • 302 Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
    Upotjmmfdupnz!boe!! Befopjefdupnz!212; Qspdfevsf!boe!Jnqmjdbujpot! gps!uif!Tvshjdbm!Ufdiopmphjtu Theresa Criscitelli cst, rn, cnor H I S T O R Y onsillectomies and adenoidectomies are one of the oldest surgical procedures known to man, dating back to before the sixth cen­ tury. 1 Aulus Cornelius Celsus was a Roman physician and writer who removed tonsils by loosening them up with his finger and U 2 then tearing them out. Vinegar mouthwash and other primitive medi­ cations were the only form of hemostasis. The procedure advanced to the hook and knife method, which was followed by the tonsil guillotine, before the use of a scalpel was finally implemented in 1906.2 L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S N Compare treatment techni ques for tonsillectomy throughout history N Examine the current spectrum of sugical options for tonsillectomy N Assess the implicati ons for the surgical technologi st during this procedure N Explain the steps for pati ent and O.R. preparation for a tonsillectomy N Evaluate the advancement in technology as it relates to tonsil and adenoidectomy FEBRUARY 2009 The Surgical Technologist 65 I N T R O D U C T I O N palatopharyngeal muscle and the superior con­ The incidence of tonsillectomy and adenoidec­ strictor muscle. The palatoglossus muscle forms tomy continues to rise – it has been estimated the anterior pillar and the palatopharyngeal that 200,000 of these operations are being per­ muscle forms the posterior pillar. The tonsillar formed annually in the United States.3 Most ton­ bed is formed by the superior constrictor muscle sillectomies and adenoidectomies are performed of the pharynx.
    [Show full text]
  • Agnikarma in Ayurvedic Classics a Procedures
    INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, (ISSN: 2320 5091) (November, 2017) 5(11) AGNIKARMA IN AYURVEDIC CLASSICS AND SOME SPECIAL SIMILAR PROCEDURES - A REVIEW Prasanth K S1, Ravishankar A G2, Sreelekha M P3 1PG Scholar, 2Professor, Department of PG studies in Shalyatantra, Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India 3Assistant Professor, Department of Shalyatantra, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Agnikarma has been explained as one among the Anushastras having greater importance in the man- agement of diseases. All Ayurvedic classics have described the Agnikarma in curing different disorders. It can be done as Pradhanakarma in some disorders and Paschatkarma to cure the complications in some other contexts. Its importance lies in its action, because of its ability to cure the diseases, which can’t be cured by the Bheshaja, Shastra and Ksharakarma. In Agnikarma the recurrence of the diseases will not be there if once they are treated and cured by it. Agnikarma is superior to Kshara by means of its action. Agnikarma is always utilized as the ultimate measure while considering the Yantra, Shastra, Anushastra, Kshara etc. Agnikarma is the ultimate measure for the haemostasis among the four Raktastambhana measures. The similar procedures like ‘Tau Dam’, Moxibustion and the cautery used by Hippocratus are also there. In this article made an attempt to compile an insight view on Agnikarma and mentioning the similar procedures which are practiced and even practicing are presented in a sys- tematic way. Keywords: Agnikarma, Tau Dam, Moxibustion, Cauterisation INTRODUCTION The destruction of tissues with a hot instrument, cauterization used today are electrocautery and an electric current or a caustic substance is chemical cautery.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Complications of Dental Extractions a Peer-Reviewed Publication Written by Bach T
    Earn 4 CE credits This course was written for dentists, dental hygienists, and assistants. Management of Complications of Dental Extractions A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written by Bach T. Le, DDS, MD and Ian Woo, MS, DDS, MD PennWell is an ADA CERP Recognized Provider Go Green, Go Online to take your course This course has been made possible through an unrestricted educational grant. The cost of this CE course is $59.00 for 4 CE credits. Cancellation/Refund Policy: Any participant who is not 100% satisfied with this course can request a full refund by contacting PennWell in writing. Educational Objectives Figure 1. Difficult Root Morphology: Long Roots Upon completion of this course, the clinician will be able to do the following: 1. Understand various procedural protocols to stop post-operative bleeding. 2. List the four cardinal signs of inflammatory process in healing and be able to accurately assess and treat cases of abnormal surgical swelling and infection. 3. Understand the cautionary procedural obstacles of dry socket, sinus perforation, root tip in maxillary sinus, and nerve injury. 4. Properly assess when the clinician should treat a surgical complication in the clinical setting or refer the patient to a specialist. Abstract Figure 2. Difficult Root Morphology: Curved Roots Dental extractions are a commonly performed surgical pro- cedure in the United States. There are a number of factors that determine difficulties related to extractions, including root morphology and proximity to anatomical structures, bleeding, post-operative swelling and infection. Dental professionals performing extractions must conduct a full pre-operative evaluation, and must be prepared to deal with extraction difficulties and complications.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Male Circumcision: Retrospective Analysis of One Hundred and Ninety-Eight Patients
    Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4555 Evaluation of Male Circumcision: Retrospective Analysis of One Hundred and Ninety-eight Patients Murat F. Ferhatoglu 1 , Abdulcabbar Kartal 1 , Alp Gurkan 1 1. General Surgery, Okan University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR Corresponding author: Murat F. Ferhatoglu, [email protected] Abstract Introduction Circumcision is the oldest and most frequently used surgical procedure. It dates back to at least 10,000 years from today. The debate on the benefits and necessity of circumcision is ongoing. In this study, we aimed to determine the complications and complication rate of circumcisions occurring in our circumcision clinic and to compare these with the complication rates in the world. Methods A total of 198 male patients circumcised between 2011 at 2019 at Bursa State Hospital was enrolled in the presented retrospective study. Demographic data of the patients were assessed and the height and weight of the patients were evaluated according to the child growth standards and weight for age percentile charts for boys of the World Health Organization (WHO). All early or late complications were noted after circumcision. Results The mean age of the patients was 93.57±40.12 (2-248) months. The mean follow-up time was 16.32±9.24 (2- 35) months. Sixteen patients had bleeding, four patients had a penile hematoma, and 108 patients had penile edema. There is no statistically significant difference in the penile edema occurrence according to the weight of the patients (p=0.58). Conclusion Circumcision is a frequently applied procedure. Like any other surgery, perioperative and postoperative complications can be observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Cauterization of Nosebleeds
    Vinod K. Anand, MD, FACS Nose and Sinus Clinic Cauterization of Nosebleeds WHAT IS CAUTERIZATION FOR NOSE BLEED? This is a procedure to stop persistent bleeding from a small vein or artery, usually in the front of the nose. An electrocautery needle or silver nitrate (a caustic agent), when applied to the bleeding point, burns the tissue slightly to seal the blood vessel. Cauterization takes only a few minutes and is performed in the doctor's office or outpatient department under local anesthesia. An uncooperative child may be admitted to the same day surgery facility for cauterization if sedation or a general anesthetic is required. WHY IS IT PERFORMED? The nose is endowed with a rich blood supply. This help to warm and humidify inhaled air on its way to the lungs. Children and young adults in particular are prone to spontaneous nose bleeds (epistaxis), most commonly from a single vein in the septum (partition wall) in the front of the nostril. At examination, an engorged vein is often visible. Nose bleeds result from infection, drying of the nose lining, trauma -- especially nose picking. Blowing and sneezing because of a cold or allergic reaction, heavy coughing, and even vigorous exercise can cause epistaxis. If bleeding persists, cauterization may be required. THE PROCEDURE There is no special preparation for cauterization. The doctor examines each nostril with the light from a head mirror and a speculum, to look for the bleeding point and any other possible causes of bleeding. Blood may be taken to test for anemia or any clotting disorder. A roll of cotton impregnated with a local anesthetic agent is packed into the nostril.
    [Show full text]
  • Ayurvedic Management of Cervical Erosion Through Ksharakarma - a Review
    Volume 5, Issue 11, November – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Ayurvedic Management of Cervical Erosion through Ksharakarma - A Review Dr. Neetha Surendran1 , Dr Anita K Patel2 1Professor, Department of prasuti tantra and striroga, VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Kerala, India, PIN:676501. 2Associate professor, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India Abstract:- Cervical erosion happens when cells that line the inside of your cervix grow on the outside. Nowadays Signs it is very common among women in reproductive age. On per speculam examination it is visible that bright red This reviewing is done to know the effect of it's area surrounding and extending beyond the external os in treatment as vrana by means of ksharakarma by using the ectocervix, clearly demarcated outer edge, lesion with different types of kshara. It concluded that it is cost smooth surface/ having papillary folds and sometimes effective, has almost equivalent effect of modern multiple oozing spot on rubbing with gauze piece[3]. treatment in terms of it's result, less complications like secondary infertility etc and less chance for the Diagnosis remerging of the same. Cervical erosion is likely to be discovered during routine pelvic examination and Pap smear test (Pap test).[5] Keywords:- cervical erosion, garbhasayamukhagatha vrana, apamarga kshara, palasha kshara, tuttha kshara Types[1] 1. Congenital I. INTRODUCTION 2. Acquired Simple/flat type Cervical erosion/ectopy is a benign condition where Papillary type the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by Follicular type columnar epithelium, which is continuous with the endocervix[1]. Nowadays it is widely accepted as a Treatment morphophysiological expression of changes initiated by Persistent erosion with troublesome discharge should be ovarian hormones occurring different periods of life.
    [Show full text]