Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol

Journal Of the Native Orchid Society Of

Print Post Approved Volume 38 Nº 4 PP 543662/00018 May 2014

NATIVE ORCHID SOCIET Y OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA PO Box 565 Unley SA 5061

Website: www.nossa.org.au Ph: 8294 8014 April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of President orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through Robert Lawrence cultivation. Except with the documented official representation of the Email: management committee, no person may represent the Society on any [email protected] matter. All native orchids are protected in the wild; their collection Vice President without written Government permit is illegal. Kris Kopicki Secretary Vacant Contents Email: [email protected] Title Author Page Treasurer Notice Board 39 Gordon Ninnes Summary of April Meeting Lorraine Badger 40 Email: [email protected] or From the President Robert Lawrence 41 [email protected] Editor NOSSA @ APS Autumn Show 41 Lorraine and John Badger Winning Picture for March Rosalie Lawrence 42 Email: [email protected] Orchidologist John Lindley Rosalie Lawrence 43 Assistant Editor Australian Orchid Foundation Essay 43 Helen Lawrence Competition Committee Field Trip We Did Not Have Leo Davis 44 Jan Adams 2014 Orchid Season Rob Bates 45 Robert Lawrence Field Trip to Hindmarsh Falls & Knott Hill Reprint 45 Rosalie Lawrence A Note on Greenhood Taxonomy LeoDavis 46 Bob Bates Incorrect Identification Rob Bates 48 Thelma Bridle David Hirst LIFE MEMBERS Other Positions Mr R Hargreaves† Mr G Carne Botanical Advisor Bob Bates Mr H Goldsack† Mr R Bates Conservation Officer Mr R Robjohns† Mr R Shooter Thelma Bridle & Bob Bates Mr J Simmons† Mr W Dear Field Trips Coordinator Mr D Wells† Mrs C Houston Vacant Mr. L Nesbitt Mr D Hirst Librarian Pauline Meyers Membership Liaison Officer PATRON: MR L. NESBITT Robert Lawrence

Ph: 8294 8014 Email: The Native Orchid Society of South Australia, while taking all due care, [email protected] take no responsibility for loss or damage to any plants whether at shows, strar of Judges meetings or exhibits. Les Nesbitt Show Marshall Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do Vacant not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the management committee. Trading Table We condone the reprint of any articles if acknowledgment is given. Judy Penney Tuber Band Coordinator Front cover from an original drawing of Pterostylis cucullata ssp. Jane Higgs cucullata by Thelma Bridle. Used with her kind permission. Pterostylis Ph: 8558 6247 cucullata ssp. cucullata is a rare, short-statured species of Leafy Email: [email protected] Greenhood which grows only in coastal regions. Thought to be extinct in Website Manager SA, a NOSSA member discovered a large population in 2013, growing in Rosalie Lawrence Email: [email protected] the lower South East close to the Victorian border. Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

NOTICE BOARD

The Native Orchid Society of South Australia meets every fourth Tuesday of the months February to November at St Matthew's Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Meetings start at 8:00 p.m. Doors to the hall will be open from 7:15 pm to allow Members access to the Library, Trading Table, OR Les Nesbit’s Growing Orchid Forum 7.15 to 7.45 p.m.

Date Event May 17, Sat Working Bee & BBQ beginning 10am Warradale Uniting Church – May 17, Sat Planning for Spring Flower Show – at working Bee as above May 25, Sun Field trip 10 am Meet at Myponga Hall Car park *(Rescheduled) May 27,Tue Growing Orchid Forum 7.15 to 7.45 BEFORE general meeting May 27, Tue General Meeting 8 pm: Speaker – Les Nesbitt- Diuris Recovery Project Jun 3, Tues Committee Meeting 7.30pm at the Lawrence’s home Jun 6, Fri Articles for Journal are to reach the editor by this date. [email protected] Jun 7, Sat Weeding at Brentwood 10 am - notification of attendance necessary – see below Jun 14, Sat Weeding at Belair National Park 9:30 Long Gully Jun 24, Tues General Meeting 8 pm: Speaker Jane Higgs - Orchid Microculture - How I Grow My Orchids Jun 28, Sat Field Trip – Warren CP – meeting place TBA Jun 30, Mon Australian Orchid Foundation Essay Competition due date – see item below

Welcome to the following new members NOSSA Library Adrian Whiting of Windsor Gardens The library is available to all members. There is a good Grantley and Vicki Morris of Parafield Gardens variety of books on orchids which can be borrowed Rob and Jenny Pauley of Victor Harbor prior to each meeting. The latest additions to the Dr Mandy Walker of Upper Sturt library include  Orchid Pollinators of Victoria (2nd ed.) May Meeting - Speaker Les Nesbitt NOSSA Diuris Kuiter, Rudie. H. (2013).: Seaford: Aquatic behrii Project sponsored by Hillgrove Resources Photographics. Les will present a pictorial history of the conservation  Field guide to the orchids of Western and propagation of Diuris behrii for eventual Australia : the definitive guide to the native reintroduction to the rehabilitated Kanmantoo Mine orchids of Western Australia- Andrew Brown, site. The cultural methods used will be demonstrated. Kingsley Dixon, Christopher French and Garry This very successful project started in 2011 and may Brockman (2013) run for 10 years. Based on this effort, NOSSA  "WANOSCG 2014: Celebrating 40 Years," volunteers may be called upon to help grow other WANOSCG (Western Australian Native threatened local orchids in future. Orchid Society and Conservation Group), Western Australia. New venture - MONTHLY GROWING ORCHID FORUM Membership Fees Now Overdue If there is sufficient interest Les Nesbit will present a Thanks to those of you, who have recently updated monthly Growing Orchid Forum in the side room from their fees but there are still a number of outstanding 7.15 to 7.45 prior to the general meeting beginning at fees. Payments can be made by cash at any Bank SA the May meeting. Everyone is welcome to attend. You branch or electronically as Direct Deposit. will get your questions answered, and learn a little Bank SA - BSB: 105 011 Account Name: about growing native orchids. You may bring along a Native Orchid Society of SA Incorporated plant for discussion. Any member interested in Account #: 073181741 Reference: Member Name; growing orchids is encouraged to attend. Subs For the diary: NOSSA Name Tags nd Lost or broken your name tag? Possibly you have  Next Judges' Meeting - Saturday 2 August. never received one. Contact Rosalie Lawrence on 8294 Further details will be provided in future journals 8014 or email [email protected] for a new one. Badges certainly help in getting to know one  End of year BBQ Saturday 29th November another, especially on field trips. 2014 (ie the Saturday after the November meeting)

39 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

Working Bee & BBQ Saturday 17th May beginning Entry to the park is free for volunteers – simply inform 10am the gate folk. Meet at Long Gully at 9:30am. NOSSA has hired a storage shed at Warradale Uniting Sat June 14th - Long Gully - species protecting - Church (corner Lascelles and Struan, Warradale UBD Pterostylis cucullata & Manna gum Woodland PC013 Map152 P3.). Members are encouraged to come and Sat Oct 11th - Long Gully - Pterostylis cucullata PC013 help sort and pack NOSSA equipment. Time will also Contacts : Tim Jury 7127 4166 Joe Quarmby 8336 be given to planning for the spring flower show. 0931 Thelma Bridle 8384 4174 Weeding at Brentwood Cemetery Saturday 7th June 10am Changes to Field Trip Procedures A joint working bee at From time to time field trips may need to be cancelled Brentwood Cemetery has for various reasons beyond our control. In such been organized by Natural circumstances folk intending to participate need to be Resources Management informed and to that end the committee has decided to (NRM) Northern and York require bookings for field trips. Group and the Threatened The preferred method is to book through: Plant Action Group [email protected] OR if that is not (TPAG). This small convenient phone Rosalie at 8294 8014. cemetery is approximately 8 km south-east of the It also pays to check the NOSSA website to check the Hardwicke Bay along status of any field trip. http://nossa.org.au/events/ Cutline Road, on Yorke Peninsula. As weed invasion is a serious threat to the NOTE: Following recent rains the field trip to Mt Billy nationally endangered Arachnorchis intuta or ghost will now take place. orchid which is located at this site, this is a necessary task. Anyone is invited to join this weeding project but Vale Park Our Patch (VPOP) Website as the Friends of Brentwood Cemetery will be providing lunch it is requested that anyone intending to Following last month’s report on this wonderful participate needs to notify NRM Team Leader, project, readers were encouraged to find out more Deborah Furbank. Phone (08) 8854 3208 or Mobile about VPOP through their web site. Unfortunately for 0421 617 155 those who receive a printed version of the journal the website was virtually unreadable for which we offer Working Bee Dates for Belair - Threatened Plant our humble apologies. Action Group http://www.valeparkourpatch.com Unfortunately we have missed a few dates but there a still a couple more for the remainder of the year.

SUMMARY OF APRIL MEETING

Lorraine Badger

The guest speaker for the night was Jason Tyndall, regional coordinator of Natural Resource Management (NRM) which is hosted by the City of Onkaparinga. His chosen topic, “Orchid Stories: Connecting children to nature through orchids” proved to be a fascinating and thought provoking story.

Finding ways to connect children with nature is more important today than at any other time in history and Jason shared his passion for working with children in various schools. In his talk he sought to demonstrate the ways in which he imparts his message by using the powerful form of storytelling. Accompanied by a photographic power point he shared how he had used orchids, which he has found to be one of the most interesting plants, to engage children.

40 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

FROM THE PRESIDENT

Robert Lawrence

I am honoured to be able to write my first article as orchid growers and that President of the Native Orchid Society of South some will take a particular Australia Incorporated. interest in Australian orchids. I would like to thank Geoff Borg who stepped into the role of President two years ago and oversaw a time of We also want to make sure adjustment. During his term Bill Dear moved to the range of activities and Western Australia and Cathy Houston was no longer publications meet the available to serve the Society. The contribution made expectation of all of our by each of them is sorely missed. members, many of whom receive the Journal without I would also like to thank John Bartram who stepped in attending general meetings to the role of Secretary early in 2013 after I found it or field trips. We hope we provide a range of materials necessary to leave the role. This enabled the Society to that readers find interesting. continue to function. I am pleased to welcome Michael Clark as Minutes Secretary for the committee New and exciting opportunities could be started in the meetings. Bob Gunn has kindly commenced taking next couple of years. These include a web-based minutes of the general meetings, thus helping to share interactive orchid identification key and the load. commencement of directed data collection for citizen science projects on topics such as the distribution of In the later part of the year 2013 Helen Lawrence orchids and the timing of flowering. started as Assistant Editor and produced an updated format. John and Lorraine Badger commenced in the This is just a brief snapshot of issues. In writing these role of Editor from the start of this year. David Hirst I am mindful of contributions of particular members has done a wonderful job as Editor for eleven years that I have not mentioned above; these continue to be and has served the Society well throughout this period. important and I certainly want those who contribute to He has given the new editorial team an example to know that they are valued. Members are more than emulate. welcome to bring to the attention of the Management Committee any issues that should be addressed or Looking ahead, the Society faces a number of would make the Society more relevant to its members, challenges. The number of growers benching plants or if we are doing things well that should not be and contributing to the annual Spring Show is changed. dwindling and there appears to be no new growers. It has been exciting to learn about Trevor Gerrard in his role as Education Officer of the Orchid Club of South Australia with the Orchids in Schools Program. We hope that this will contribute to a new generation of

NOSSA @ AUSTRALIAN PLANT SOCIETY AUTUMN SHOW

NOSSA members recently promoted the society at the APS Autumn Sale with a display of native orchid material even though there were no orchids for sale on this occasion. Time was taken on the previous to set up the area in such a manner as to attract the show goers. Gordon Ninnes’ expertise combined with the assistance of Jan Adams and Rosalie Lawrence meant that people were certainly drawn to the area on the show days. A favourite attraction was the society’s orchid diorama created with replica orchids cleverly formed from paper by former member Thelma O’Neill. Thanks go to all who helped out over the two days.

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WINNING PICTURE FOR APRIL 2014

ROSALIE LAWRENCE

With the range of photographs submitted it is always difficult to guess which picture is likely to be the winner but somehow this month’s winning photograph by Lorraine Badger was not surprising. With a common name of Queen Orchid, Thelymitra crinita is aptly named for the flower has a quiet regal air of elegance and delicacy that would appeal to many people. Other entries were: Jane Higg’s Eriochilus (2nd), John Badger’s Corunastylis sp Adelaide Hills (equal 3rd), Helen Lawrence’s Jonesiopsis capillata (equal 3rd), David Hirst’s Pterostylis laxa, David Mangelsdorf’s Acianthus pusillus, Pauline Meyers’ Caladenia crebra and Marg Paech’s Calochilus robertsonii,

T crinita is a common Western Australian orchid that can be found from Perth around to Albany with a disjunct area near Esperance. Back in 1839, it was one of 60 orchids named by John Lindley in ‘Appendix to the first twenty-three volumes of Edwards’ Botanical Register together with A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony’. Though the register is written in English the species description is in Latin, reproduced here for all those Latin buffs –

(214) helymitra [sic] crinita; folio radicali oblongo apiculato glabro, raceme cylindraceo, floribus purpureis, cuculli laciniis lateralibus barbatis unguiculatis intermediâ fornicatâ longer mandatory for descriptions to be in Latin only. emarginatâ dorso glanduloso-villosâ. English can now be used. On a recent visit to the Herbarium, Michelle Waycott, For anyone wishing to enter the monthly photographic Chief Botanist, explained that there is a strict botanical competition images can be: standard for describing a species. You may be pleased to know that at the 18th International Botanical 1. emailed to [email protected] or Congress in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011, it was 2. mailed to PO Box 565, Unley SA (5061) or determined that from the 1st January 2012 it was no 3. brought to the meeting on the night 4.

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ORCHIDOLOGOGIST JOHN LINDLEY (1799-1865)

ROSALIE LAWRENCE

John Lindley (1799 - 1865), who named the above Though not referring specifically to South Australia, he mentioned Thelymitra crinita, was one of the world’s lamented “that there are still, however, many species earliest orchidologists and has been described as the from the East and North Coast (of Australia), with Father of Modern Orchidology (Pridgeon, p.1). Having which he has no acquaintance” [sic]. As far as I can no formal university education his career began under determine none of our endemic orchids were named by Sir Joseph Banks as assistant-librarian. He eventually him. rose to Professor of Botany, University College, References: London, amongst many other numerous official duties and public activities. It was the result of Lindley’s Lindley, J. (1830). The genera and species of work and involvement with a group of other like- orchidaceous plants /by John Lindley. Retrieved 30 minded men that Kew Garden was saved from Apr 2014, from destruction and Corn Tax was repealed at the time of https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002698485 the great Irish potato famine. Lindley, J. (1839). Appendix to the first twenty-three volumes of Edwards's botanical register : Although orchids were not his only area of interest consisting of a complete alphabetical and they were his passion and the common name ‘orchid’ systematical index of names, synomymes and was introduced by him in 1845. Lindley became matter, adjusted to the present state of systematical involved with the naming of orchids at a time when the botany, together with a sketch of the vegetation of western world was discovering the wealth of the orchid the Swan River colony world and his subsequent work on orchids was (http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29179#pa prodigious. He personally examined and named ge/59/mode/1up ed.). London: James Ridgway. thousands of species specimens, with one author "Lindley, John". (2008). Complete Dictionary of stating that Lindley named over 6,000 orchid species, Scientific Biography Retrieved 30 Apr. 2014, from establishing over 120 genera. Notably he wrote three http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2- major orchid works Genera and Species of 2830902630.html Orchidaceous Plants (1830-1840), Sertum Pridgeon, A. (2005). Blue Plaque for John Lindley’s orchidaceum (1838), and Folia orchidacea (1852- Home [Electronic Version]. Orchid Research 1855). He also wrote for the general public and one Newsletter 46, 1. Retrieved 8 May 2014, from delightfully readable textbook was Ladies’ Botany or A http://www.kew.org/herbarium/orchid/orn46.pdf Familiar Introduction to the Study of the Natural System of Botany Volume I and II (1834 – 1837).

AUSTRALIAN ORCHID FOUNDATION ESSAY COMPETITION

The Foundation is pleased to announce the Select your favourite orchid* and tell why you have establishment of the AOF Essay Prize. The AOF made this choice. *Orchid can refer to a single orchid, Essay Prize has been set up to encourage local orchid hybrid or species, or a single orchid genus. growers to participate in letting others know of their The deadline for receipt of all entries is June 30th initiatives and practices in the cultivation and 2014 conservation of orchids. Send entries, including name, address and telephone It is an annual writing competition, established with a contact to: generous endowment by the Slade Family who have been actively involved with the AOF since its AOF Essay Prize P.O. Box 322, Essendon North inception. There will be three prizes – first prize $350; Vic. 3041 or electronically to - second prize $250 and third prize $150. [email protected] The Foundation invites all Australian orchid growers Be sure to check the following site for further to consider the topic for 2014 and submit an entry. information, entry rules and winning essays for the last two years at http://www.australianorchidfoundation.org.au/ ESSAY TOPIC FOR 2014: “My Favourite Orchid” The 2013 first prize winner was South Australian Chris Heysen of Auldana. Can SA provide another winner for 2014?

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REPORT ON NOSSA OUTING WE DID NOT HAVE

LEO DAVIS

Our quest for Leporella fimbriata at Scott Conservation Park was pencilled into my Planner so indelibly that I headed off on my own searches, that day and on others, and I report on those forays.

I headed for Scott Creek C.P. first (no, even though for some years I didn’t realise Scott and Scott Creek were NOT the same place, I do know now) in my usual dream state, so missed the Stirling turnoff, and settled on Meadows Flat instead. The Midge Orchid (Corunastylis sp.) plants John Badger had led us to on the last visit were well past flowering, now pumping up their ovaries, and there Leporella fimbriata. Knott Hill Eriochilus sp. Hills Woodland was not a sign of Parson’s Bands NFR Along Moore’s Rd, Morialta CP (Eriochilus sp.) Bay Pines were gone. Down along the creek the On then to the always reliable Knott Hill NFR fire had either not taken or had been held at bay where the results were the same, with the addition and a few Parson’s Bands were in flower, Midge of a single double flowered and a single triple Orchids were in fruit and Pterostylis pedunculata flowered specimen of the Fringed Hare Orchid (L. were well in leaf. fimbriata). You know what an odd bod I am and Later the same day I went across to Mark Oliphant how easily pleased, so you’ll not be surprised that CP and along the Waterfall Track found Parson’s the day’s highlight was finding many leaves of the Bands in flower all along the track. Those few I’d Small Flying Duck, (Paracaleana minor), to 68 x seen in flower back on March 24 were now in 2 mm, and its large relative, Caleana major, to 42 fruit. There is a wide variation in prime flowering x 5 mm. These very late flowering species are time at the various locations. always among the first out of the blocks. There are clearly local populations of orchids. I had high hopes for Scott Creek C.P. because Bob Along about 300 or more metres of Waterfall Bates had shown us L. fimbriata growing in an Track I saw hundreds of Parson’s Bands flowers, unexpected location, among Oyster Bay Pines in spasmodic and dense distributions, and I saw (Callitris rhomboidea) during our May 27, 2012 just one double flowered spike. Along Moore’s outing. More than 20 flowering plants were found Road, at the top of Morialta C.P., throughout the and many more in leaf only. Hopes were dashed first half of April, I watched the Parson’s Bands when I arrived on April 30, this year because a gradually come into flower and along a 200 m fire, controlled or not, had gone through the area stretch of fire track verges there were several areas recently. My plastic tags, on Thelymitra busy with plants and I found numerous double benthamiana, T. carnea and Caladenia pusilla flowers and in two spots found triples surrounded sites, are now, let’s say, a lost cause. The Oyster by doubles. It’s all in the genes, I say.

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2014 ORCHID SEASON

Robert Bates After a very dry March and April in the Adelaide Hills Further north in the Gawler and Flinders, heavy rains and most of coastal South Australia the wild orchids in February were of no benefit to orchids but good rain were looking very sick due to water deficit and our in early April and early May set the scene for a bumper first ever autumn plague of flower thrips. orchid year on our desert fringes. Certainly autumn orchids in the north have been impressive already, Our April field trip was cancelled and consideration especially in areas burnt by the Bangor Fire. given to postponing the May excursion. Fortunately heavy rain at the end of April turned the situation Editors’ Note: The year certainly has seen a slow start around and orchid leaves began to show, right on time to the orchid season. The following historic article indicating an above average orchid season. makes a good comparison with 2014 as well as interesting reading.

FIELD TRIP TO HINDMARSH FALLS AND KNOTT HILL 25 4 1981

R.J. Markworth

Reprint from Native Orchard Society of South Australia Journal Vol. 5 No p.35-37

Adelaide's unusually long ‘Indian summer' provided a September, 1908. He based his determination of the really good turnout of members with a perfect autumn species on half a dozen withered specimens which he day in which to enjoy our first field trip for 1981. thought had probably, flowered in July and August.

After some initial socializing involving a great deal of It occurs to me that late September is a long time after chin-waging (an important aspect of the Society's the usual flowering period of this plant (April and activities which excursions provide excellent May), in which; to see "withered specimens". The opportunities to indulge in), we walked from the Third Edition of J.N. Black's "Flora of South Hindmarsh Falls picnic area to view Pterostylis obtusa Australia" (1978) does not record P. obtusa from in one of the few locations in South Australia where it Kangaroo Island. I wonder; whether the good doctor seems to grow. really saw the plant we know as P. obtusa, or perhaps some other species. The location accords remarkably well with Nicholls' description of the plants ‘Eastern States' habitat, "… Unlike our previous visit to this area in 1979, 1981 is most commonly or rocky timbered hill slopes - it may definitely not a vintage year for P. obtusa, having be found plentifully among ferns and on mossy slopes probably been too dry. Although a number of plants in sheltered forest areas” were flowering and some were in bud, many had already wilted. They were not present in the numbers In his delightful little book "South Australian Orchids" seen in 1979. Other orchids recorded were Acianthus (1911), Dr. R.S. Rogers made the following reference exsertus in bud, and the basal rosettes of Pterostylis to P. obtusa: "P. obtusa has quite a blunt tongue." … spp. There was some discussion as to which particular obtusus (Latin) - blunt ..:... " This species is said to species the rosettes belonged to, but as P. pedunculata, have been found at Port Elliot. For many years 1 P nutans, and P. curva are known to grow here, hunted it unsuccessfully, but two years ago I ran it to perhaps all were represented. earth in the Ravine de Casoars, in the unfrequented west coast of Kangaroo Island. Since then I have An interesting non-orchidaceous plant seen growing at received specimens from Mount Muirhead "... between the side of the track was a Correa with greenish Millicent and Mount Burr "collected by a school child flowers, probably Correa calycina. in the district." Regrouping at the picnic area, we then travelled across In the Transactions of the Royal Society of South the top of the range to Knott Kill in Kuitpo Forest. The Australia (1909), he records the original discovery views along the way, through wide valleys to the plains (attributed to his wife) as occurring, at the end of and the sea beyond, were quite beautiful. However,

4540 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4 although a large part of the way was tree-lined and Probably the most conspicuous non-orchidaceous plant through bush land, the greater part of the journey was flowering here was Correa reflexa, its red bell shaped over unsealed roads, and tail-enders in the convoy flowers being infinitely more visible than the Correa were more concerned with seeing through the dust than sp. growing at Hindmarsh Falls. looking at scenery. All in all, we enjoyed quite a successful excursion on a Knott Hill is a favourite venue for members interested beautiful day, undertaken in an unhurried, even in rare and uncommon species, and has been visited on leisurely fashion, which suited the balmy weather, and several previous occasions. \ seemed to suit the general inclination of most of the members present. This time, we found plenty of flowering specimens of Leporella fimbriata, Prasophyllum rufum in smaller Orchids seen in Flower numbers, and what must have been the last flowering Eriochilus cucullatus plants of Eriochilus cucullata for this season, while Leporella fimbriata basal leaves of Lyperanthus nigricans and Thelymitra Prasophyllum rufum spp were recorded. Unlike 1979, however, a diligent Pterostylis obtusa search failed to uncover basal leaves of Acianthus caudatus, A. reniformis, Caleana major or Paracaleana Editor’s Note: minor. The area is now somewhat over-grown making The above article has been reproduced in the same the search difficult, but maybe the season has been just format as much as possible. I note that there is some too dry. obviously plant name changes. The only one that I have worked out is as below. Bob Bates pointed out that since the Leporella is pollinated by a male bull ant, and these insects only – Prasophyllum rufum emerge under the right conditions of temperature and Synonyms: Genoplesium rufum (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & humidity, the flower must remain open for an extended M.A.Clem.; Corunastylis rufa (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & period of time if pollination is to be effected. This is M.A.Clem. APNI fortunate for people like ourselves who like to seek them out.

A NOTE ON GREENHOOD TAXONOMY

LEO DAVIS

Bob Bates has contributed thoughtful, informative latest published classification, as I understand it. This articles to this Journal that present a strong case for the places all Greenhoods into the single genus Pterostylis. use of a number of genera of Greenhood orchids. (Table below). These propositions seem soundly based to this amateur field observer. His arguments, for example, that the Janes and Duretto (2010) reject the division of the “Bearded or plumed greenhoods became Greenhood orchid genus Pterostylis into 16 genera by Plumatichilos, Shell orchids became Diplodium; Szlachetko (2001) and Jones and Clements (2002) and striated greenhoods became Bunochilus” just seem instead propose a single Pterostylis genus comprising good sense, (DNA and other evidence, etc., aside) two subgenera (Pterostylis and Oligochaetochilus) when we consider what clearly discernible within which they set up 10 Sections. morphological differences we amateurs see in the field. Janes et al (2010) “concluded that the generic concepts I have studied some of the published articles behind proposed by Szlachetcho (2001) and Jones and the debate and submit my interpretive summary of the Clements (2002b) were questionable”.

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Section Foliosae. (53 + 3). Eremorchis. Diplodium. Linguella. Taurantha. Crangonorchis.

Sub Genus Pterostylis. Section Parviflorae. (11). (106 ssp + 5 hybrids) Petrorchis. Lateral sepals erect Speculantha. (reflexed).

Section Pterostylis. (52 + 2).

Genus Pterostylis, Section Pharochilum. (1). (216 ssp. + 5 hybrids). Pharochilum. Oligochaetochilus.

Section Stamnorchis. (1). Stamnorchis.

Section Catochilus. (4). Plumatichilos.

Sub Genus Section Oligochaetochilus. Oligochaetochilus. (47). (110 ssp+ 0 hybrids). Oligochaetochilus. Lateral sepals deflexed.

Section Squamatae. (27). Bunochilus. Oligochaetochilus.

Section Urochilus. (4). Urochilus. Oligochaetochilus. Ranorchis.

Genera in NON BOLD Section Hymenochilus. (16). italics are recent Hymenochilus. synonyms. Oligochaetochilus.

I suggest that even if Janes and Durettos’ plants but in public I’m going to be a Pterostylis man interpretations of literature and data are correct, that is all the time. not sufficient reason not to consider a rational division of the large and highly diverse genus Pterostylis. A References: cursory glance at the table above suggests the possibility of setting up at least two genera (Pterostylis Bates, R. J. (2012a). Twenty reasons why the New and Oligochaetochilus) or, alternatively, up to 10 Segregate Genera of SA Native Orchids Must genera (which, according to Janes et al, would spread be Accepted. Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia, 36(2), 16-20. what I like to call Oligochaetochilus species across 5 Bates, R. J. (2012b). Why Bunochilus is a Separate different genera!). Both these possibilities would be Genus to Pterostylis. Journal of the Native consistent with the DNA results reported by Janes et al Orchid Society of South Australia, 36(4), 38- (2010). 39. Bates, R. J. (2013). Why the Genus Speculantha Jones But I’m surrendering. Out in the field, where nobody and Clem does not Belong in Pterostylis. knows, I’ll continue to seek out and identify Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Bunochilus, Diplodium, Hymenochilus, Australia 37(3), 52-53. Oligochaetochilus, Plumatichilos, Urochilus, etc.,

4047 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

Janes, J., & Duretto, M. (2010). A new classification Janes, J., Steane, D., Vaillancourt, R., & Duretto, M. for the subtribe Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae), (2010). A molecular phylogeny of the subtribe reaffirming Pterostylis in the broad sense. Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae), resolving the Australian Systematic Botany, 23, 260-269. taxonomic confusion Australian Systematic Botany, 23, 248-259.

INCORRECT IDENTIFICATIONS

Rob Bates DL Jones’ Native Orchids of Australia (2006) is an excellent book and is certainly my main reference on Australian orchids. However, the following SA orchids have the wrong species shown in their illustrations

1. Petalochilus prolatus: page 40 shows a pink flowered Caladenia with tall labellum side lobes. True P. prolatus as shown in Orchids of SA is always white flowered. 2. Corysanthes expansa: the image on page 171 is one of the many forms of C. despectans. For true C. expansa see Orchids of SA. 3. Corunastylis tepperi: the image on page 189 is acceptable as C. tepperi, but as this species is based on material from South Australia it would have been better to have chosen an image from SA. 4. Prasophyllum constrictum: is a mallee species so it is hardly useful to show an image of Prasophyllum species Bushfires from near Mt Lofty (page 206) as an illustration of it. Similarly the image of P. pruinosum on page 212 is hardly a good example of the species. a. Prasophyllum fecundum R Bates: on page 218. The image used here is P. sp Enigma. b. Prasophyllum calcicola R Bates on page 219 is a species based on South Australian material and the WA image used is very different from P. calcicola in the true sense. 5. Microtis: the images used to illustrate SA and WA species are often way off the mark. M. familiaris R Bates from WA for example is a species with the lateral sepals clasping the ovary which is not the case in the image used on page 224. It is clearly M. brownii. a. M. graniticola R Bates on page 225 is a species with a very large labellum whereas the image used shows flowers with affinities to M. eremaea R Bates and nothing like graniticola. b. Likewise with Microtis oblonga on the same page. This species, based on Victorian material, has a long slender labellum nothing like that of the NSW specimen illustrated. c. On page 227 the image of a woodland plant purported to be the waterhole species M. quadrata R Bates is a very poor match.

I admit that Microtis is a difficult genus to work with, but poor images of the wrong species will not help anyone to work out the genus.

6. Thelymitra images are much better, but I do have a problem with the use of a Tasmanian plant to illustrate the SA species T. bracteata especially as the image on page 234 is nothing like the real T. bracteata. 7. Calochilus images are great but somewhat misleading on all SA forms. The concept of accepting C. imberbis as a species but ignoring SA’s C. cupreus is mystifying. Also the use of an Adelaide Hills woodland image of C. platychilus to illustrate C. robertsonii on page 262 when true C. robertsonii is a heath land species based on plants from SW Victoria is not at all helpful. 8. Oligochaetochilus: images of South Australian species were most unimpressive especially O. ovata which showed nothing of the species’ special features. Otherwise the Pterostylis in general are well done.

4048 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

40 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4

41 Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. April 2014 Vol. 38 NO4