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Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código de la Lampyris noctiluca especie: L. iberica LN Hembra Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está en el Es muy difícil de observar, dado Es posible verla suelo o posada en alguna que no brilla de forma natural. brillando durante toda hierba o roca para Cuando se le toca, brilla. Vuela la noche en aquellas hacerse patente y brillar. durante la noche y es atraído por noches húmedas o la luz. lluviosas, sobre todo en el otoño, invierno y primavera. Vive en zonas más húmedas que los adultos. No vuela y anda en sitios oscuros con vegetación baja. Aspecto físico Rosada en los lados y en Castaño – grisáceo, posee alas Es de color negro, el vientre, ceniza por y dos antenas. Mide entre 1,5 y vista por encima, con encima. Mide entre 1,5 y 2 cm. puntos rosados en los 3 cm de longitud Caracteres diferenciales de L lados de cada iberica: la sutura y el borde segmento. Los marginal de los élitros es color laterales son rosados; crema claro (en L. noctiluca es la parte inferior tiene del mismo tono que el resto de un tono rosado claro. los élitros). En la parte inferior De 3 mm a 3 cm. del pronoto de L. iberica se La hembra de L. distinguen dos puntos pálidos iberica tiene dos simétricos en el extremo puntos rosas a ambos izquierdo y derecho. lados de la parte inferior del pronoto. Tipo de brillo Luz verde constante, con Dos puntos de luz verde en la Dos puntos de luz dos segmentos de luz en parte final del cuerpo (apenas verde en la parte final la última parte del vientre los enciende cuando es de su cuerpo (la y dos puntos de luz en la molestado). “cola”). Los enciende cola o extremo del naturalmente (con cuerpo. destellos lentos e intermitentes), y también cuando se le molesta. Fotos 1 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código de la Lampyris raymondi especie: LR Hembra Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está en Es muy difícil de Es posible verla brillar durante la el suelo o posada en observar, dado que noche, sobre todo a altas horas, en alguna hierba o roca no brilla de forma noches húmedas o lluvionsas, sobre para hacerse patente y natural. Cuando se le todo en otoño, invierno y primavera. brillar. toca, brilla. Vuela Vive en zonas más húmedas que los durante la noche y es adultos. No vuela y anda en sitios atraído por la luz. oscuros con vegetación baja. Puede ser vista debajo de las piedras o troncos. Aspecto físico Semejante a la hembra Semejante al macho Semejante a LN. de L. noctiluca. de LN. Tipo de brillo Semejante a LN. Semejante a LN Semejante a LN 2 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código de la Nyctophila reichii especie NR Fêmea Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está en Es muy difícil de observar, Semejante a LN. el suelo o posada en dado que no brilla de forma alguna hierba, pared o natural. Cuando se le toca, roca para hacerse brilla. Vuela durante la noche y patente y brillar. es atraído por la luz. Aspecto físico Semejante a la hembra Semejante al macho de L. Semejante a LN pero de L. noctiluca, pero de noctiluca (LN), pero con el completamente negra y color rosa y amarillenta, color del cuerpo y el pronoto sin puntos amarillentos en y con alas muy más claro (marrón los laterales. Las partes pequeñas como las amarillento), alas marrones rosadas (abajo y lateral) Lamprohiza. con bordes más claros no son nunca color fucsia. (amarillento) y una marca marrón-rojiza en el centro del pronoto. Tipo de brillo Semejante a LN Semejante a LN Semejante a LN Fotos Izquierda: Lampyris noctiluca Derecha: Nyctophila reichii Abajo: Arriba: Lampyris noctiluca Abajo: Nyctophila reichii 3 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código especie: Pelania mauritanica PeM Hembra Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está Emite luz durante el Se le ve brillar durante la noche, posada en el suelo o vuelo. Es atraído por la sobre todo a altas horas, en las sobre alguna hierba, luz. noches lluviosas o húmedas, pared o roca para especialmente en el otoño, hacerse patente y invierno o primavera. Vive en brillar. zonas más húmedas que los adultos. No vuela y anda en suelos oscuros con vegetación baja. Puede ser vista debajo de troncos. Aspecto físico Apenas se conocen Semejante a N. reichii, Desconocido. datos sobre ella. pero mayor. Adquiere proporciones enormes. Tipo de brillo Desconocido. Se sabe Desconocido. Desconocido. que brilla bastante. 4 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código de la especie Lamprohiza sp. → La Lamprohiza paulinoi LaP→ Lamprohiza mulsanti Fêmea Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está en el Pocas veces se ve volar en Se le ve brillar durante suelo o posada en alguna grupos. Es atraído por la toda la noche en las hierba, pared o roca para luz. noches lluviosas o hacerse patente y brillar. húmedas, sobre todo en otoño, invierno y primavera. Vive en zonas más húmedas que los adultos. o vuela y anda en siios oscuros y con vegetación baja. Aspecto físico El cuerpo es más Castaño-grisáceo, tiene alas Semejante a la hembra, pequeño: mide apenas y dos antenas. Mide cerca pero más oscura. Los 1,5 a 2 cm. Color de 1,5 cm. tamaños varían entre amarillento L. mulsanti tiene la pocos milímetros a cerca superficie ventral del tórax de 1,5 cm. de color marroón, casi del La parte superior del mismo tono que el cuerpo es castaña. abdomen. Por el contrario, en L. paulinoi , el color es de amarillo pálido a rosa. Tipo de brillo Posee una luz constante, Cuando se le toca, brilla. Tiene muchas lucecitas semejante a Lampyris Vuela durante la noche. Su en los laterales, pudiendo noctiluca , pero tiene luz verde es constante. Se llegar hasta 24, pero también pequeños pares le ve volar y brillar de modo rondando generalmente de luces en los laterales constante al mismo tiempo. las 15. Las enciende del cuerpo. sobre todo cuando es Los machos de L. mulsanti molestada (movimiento, no son luminosos. sonido, etc.). Puede encender solamente algunas luces al mismo tiempo. Luz verde constante. Fotos Lamprohiza splendidula (LaS: una especie del centro de Europa): Véase el órgano luminoso en la Lado de abajo: parte de abajo. 5 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal 6 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código especie: Phosphaenus hemipterus PH Fêmea Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está Generalmente activo durante el Se le ve brillar durante escondida debajo de día. la noche, sobre todo a una piedra o de un Camina en el suelo junto a los altas horas, en las tronco. arbustos, caminos de tierra, noches lluviosas o zonas de transición entre húmedas, espacios abiertos y más especialmente en cerrados, junto a muros de otoño, invierno y piedra. primavera. Vive en No vuela. zonas más húmedas que los adultos. No vuela y anda en sitios osciros con vegetación baja. Puede ser vista debajo de piedras o troncos. Aspecto físico El cuerpo es pequeño y Castaño. Posee dos largas Tiene la parte superior se parece a una antenas . de color ceniza oscuro. Lampyris pequeña, Mide cerca de 1,5 cm. Los laterales son rosa y midiendo en torno a 1 la zona inferior clara. El cm de longitud. tamaño varía desde pocos mm hasta cerca de 1 cm. Tipo de brillo Brilla algo cuando se le Brilla algo cuando se le molesta. Luz verde en dos molesta. La luz consiste en dos puntos de pequeños puntos en la La luz consiste en dos luz verde en la punta de la cola cola. puntos de luz verde en que brilla a través de pulsos. Brilla con su luz verde la punta de la cola que cuando se le molesta y brilla en forma de de forma natural. Brilla pulsos. a través de pulsos lentos e intermitentes. Fotos 7 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código de la Phosphaenopterus metzneri especie: PhM Fêmea Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está Es semejante al macho de P. Se le ve brillar durante escondida debajo de las hemipterus , pero es un poco toda la noche las piedras o troncos. más pequeño y tiene ala y noches lluviosas y quizás pueda volar. No se sabe húmedas, sobre todo en casi nada sobre ella. el otoño, invierno y primavera. Vive en zonas más húmedas que en los dultos. No vuela y anda en sitios oscuros con vegetación baja. Aspecto físico Desconocido. Castaño-grisáceo, tiene alas y Desconocido. dos antenas. Mide cerca de 1 cm. Tipo de brillo Desconocido. Desconocido. Desconocido. 8 Projecto Pirilampos de Portugal Código especie: Luciola lusitanica LuL Hembra Macho Larva Comportamiento Generalmente está Emite luz durante el Se le ve brillar durante la noche, posada en el suelo o vuelo. La luz es sobre todo a altas horas, en las sobre alguna hierba, intermitente, con varios noches lluviosas o húmedas, pared o roca para destellos. Color especialmente en elotoño, hacerse patente y amarillo. invienro y primavera, Vive en brillar. zonas más húmedas que los Atraído por los flashes adultos. No vuela y anda en de luz. sitios oscuros con vegetación baja. Puede ser vista debajo de piedras y troncos. Aspecto físico Hasta cerca de 1,5 cm. Semejante a la hembra, Es totalmente castaña, pequeña Es negra y rojiza. pero menos robusto. y tiene dos ventanas de color anaranjado junto a la cola que permiten que se vea su luz desde lo alto. La luz consiste en dos puntos amarillo. El tamaño varía entre pocos milímetros y algo más de 1 cm. Es semejante a la larva de P. hempiterus , pero los laterales no son rosas, sino más claros (blanco- amarillenta).
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    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR PETITION FOR EMERGENCY LISTING OF THE BETHANY BEACH FIREFLY (Photuris bethaniensis) UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AND TO CONCURRENTLY DESIGNATE CRITICAL HABITAT Photo by: Christopher M. Heckscher, Delaware State University NOTICE OF PETITION David Bernhardt, Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Jim Kurth, Acting Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Gary Frazer, Assistant Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1840 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Wendi Weber, Director Region 5 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035-9589 [email protected] Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b); Section 553(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e); and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity and the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation hereby petition the Secretary of the Interior, through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS,” “Service”), to protect the Bethany Beach firefly (Photuris bethaniensis) on an emergency basis under the ESA. Petitioners believe that emergency listing is warranted, but should FWS fail to provide emergency protections then we urge that the petition still be considered and that a listing proposal be enacted no later than one year from the date of the petition. Based on imminent destruction of a significant portion of its range and degradation in the remaining portion, the Bethany Beach firefly is at immediate risk of extinction.
  • Insects of Western North America

    Insects of Western North America

    INSECTS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 11. BIOLUMINESCENT BEHAVIOR OF NORTH AMERICAN FIREFLY LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: LAMPYRIDAE) WITH A DISCUSSION OF FUNCTION AND EVOLUTION Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University INSECTS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 11. BIOLUMINESCENT BEHAVIOR OF NORTH AMERICAN FIREFLY LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: LAMPYRIDAE) WITH A DISCUSSION OF FUNCTION AND EVOLUTION By Lawrent L. Buschman Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas USA 60605. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA 80523. Current Address: 963 Burland Dr., Bailey, Colorado 80421, Phone: 303-838-4968 Email: [email protected] March 10, 2019 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University 2 Cover: Image: A photograph of a Photuris pupa showing the glow coming from two oval light organs and bright body glow from the body. (Photo by David Liittschwaer, extended time exposure, used with permission). ©Copyright Lawrent L. Buschman 2019 All Rights Reserved ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest management Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1177 3 Table of Contents Abstract 5 General Introduction 6 Chapter 1: Description of Larval