DOCSLIB.ORG

Glossary of Satellite Terms Glossary of Satellite Terms A-D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glossary of Satellite Terms Glossary of Satellite Terms A-D Glossary of Satellite Terms Glossary of Satellite Terms A-D The following terms and definitions will help familiarize Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N)—The ratio of the received you with your Satellite solution. carrier power and the noise power in a given bandwidth, expressed in decibels. This figure is directly related to Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)—Technology G/T and S/N. Typically in a signal, the higher the C/N, the which automatically changes the forward error better the quality. correction and modulation of satellite links to compensate for changes in link conditions due to C-band—Frequency band with uplink from 5.925 weather, e.g. rain fade, and other sources such as RF to 6.425 GHz, downlink from 3.7 to 4.2 GHz. The level changes or interference. C-band is primarily used for voice and data satellite communications as well as backhauling. Amplifier—An amplifier is a device that increases the power of a signal by use of an external energy source. Channel—A Channel is a frequency band in which a specific broadcast signal is transmitted. Channel Antenna—See Parabolic Antenna. frequencies are specified in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission. The higher the Aperture—The cross-sectional portion of the satellite frequency, the higher the gain that can be achieved with antenna that transmits and receives the signal. smaller antenna sizes. Higher frequency bands are more susceptible to rain fade. Attenuation—Signal loss due to cabling, or reduction of signal strength due to atmospheric conditions. Committed Information Rate (CIR)—The minimum expected bandwidth for your satellite connection. Azimuth—The angle of rotation (horizontal) that a ground based parabolic antenna must be Circular Polarization—A method of transmitting rotated through to point to a specific satellite in a signals from a satellite. On some satellites, both right- geosynchronous orbit. The azimuth angle for any hand rotating and left-hand rotating signals can be particular satellite can be determined for any point on transmitted simultaneously on the same frequency; the surface of the earth given the latitude and longitude thereby doubling the capacity of the satellite to carry of that point. It is defined with respect to due north as a communication channels. matter of easy convenience. Contention Ratio—The number of customer links Backhaul—A terrestrial communications channel sharing a satellite capacity at the same time. Alaska linking an earth station antenna to a local switching Communications discloses satellite contention ratios, network or population center. so you can predict your minimum expected bandwidth at any time. Bandwidth—A range of frequencies within a spectrum, expressed in Hertz, can also be the data transfer rate or Coverage—A footprint or the area on the earth’s surface throughput, expressed in bits per second. that is covered by a satellite’s transmission beam. Broadcasting—Sending a single transmission to Decibel Watt (dBW)—The ratio of the power to one Watt multiple sites that are capable of receiving the signal. expressed in decibels. Typically, the EIRP of satellite beams are measured in dBW. The higher the dBW, Block Up Converter (BUC)—The transmitter for a the stronger the signal strength, and the smaller the satellite antenna. It converts a band from a lower satellite dish that is required. frequency to a higher frequency, and performs power amplification, normally located directly at the satellite Double Hop—Transmission of information from one antenna input, or close to it. terminal to another terminal in two stages; first from Page 2 Glossary of Satellite Terms D-K a remote-site, up to the satellite and to the network between organizations using the same microwave band. hub. The second stage transports information from the As the same C-band frequency spectrum is used by network hub to the satellite then to another remote site. telephone networks and CATV companies when they are contemplating the installation of an earth station, Downlink (Remote Site Downlink)—Transmission of a they will often obtain a frequency coordination study to signal from a network hub, to a satellite, to a remote site. determine if any problems will exist. Downlink Frequency—Frequency used for transmission Footprint—The area on the earth’s surface that is of signals from the satellite to the earth station receiver. covered by a satellite’s transmission beam. Earth Station—The ground equipment that transmits Gain—A measure of amplification expressed in decibels. and receives electromagnetic waves, also referred to as a parabolic antenna. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)—Satellites orbiting at 35,786 km (22,282 mi) above the equator in the same Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)—This term direction and speed as the earth rotates on its axis, describes the strength of the satellite signal in dBW and making them appear as fixed in the sky. is a result of the transponder output power, and the gain of the satellite transmit antenna. Gain-to-Noise-Temperature (G/T)—A figure of merit of a satellite antenna and low noise amplifier combination Elevation of Satellite Antenna—The upward tilt to a expressed in decibels. “G” is the gain of the system and satellite antenna measured in degrees required to aim “T” is the noise temperature. The higher the G/T, the the antenna at the communications satellite. When better the system. aimed at the horizon, the elevation angle is zero. If it were tilted to a point directly overhead, the satellite Hub—Satellite network equipment that controls antenna would have an elevation of 90 degrees, the satellite bandwidth allocation, often located at depending on the offset of the antenna. a teleport. Usually consisting of a chassis operating software and network managment, typically the master Feedhorn (Feed)—A small antenna with flaring metal station of the satellite network. waveguides shaped like a horn that emits radio waves in a concentrated beam or collects and focuses radio Indoor Unit (IDU)—Network equipment typically located waves that are incident on its aperture. In a receiving inside a building, consisting of a modem connected to system, it collects microwave signals reflected from the corporate LAN. the surface of the antenna. In a transmitting system, it directs microwave signals onto the reflector surface for Inbound/En route—Transmission of a signal to the focusing into a narrow beam aimed at the satellite. satellite. In a network, it is typically referred to as the transmission from the remote router to a satellite to Frequency Bands—Frequencies are divided into well- a hub. defined bands. For satellites, the relevant bands are L-Band, C-Band, X-Band, Ku-Band, and Ka-Band. Ka Band—Frequency band with uplink frequencies from 26.5 to 40GHz and downlink frequencies from 18 to 20 Frequency Coordination—A process to eliminate GHZ. This band is primarily used for two-way consumer frequency interference between different satellite broadband. With Ka band, dishes are much smaller and systems or between terrestrial microwave systems transmission power is much greater compared to C, X and satellites. This activity relies upon a computerized or Ku band. Due to the higher frequencies of this band, service utilizing an extensive database to analyze it can be more vulnerable to signal quality problems potential microwave interference problems that arise caused by rain fade. Page 3 Glossary of Satellite Terms K-O Kilobits per second (Kbps)—Transmission speed of satellite transmission by converting a band from a 1,024 bits per second. higher frequency to a lower frequency. This is simply the receiver on a satellite dish. Kilohertz (KHz)—One Kilohertz is the equivalent of one thousand Hertz, or one thousand cycles per second. It is Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)—Satellites located above used to measure frequency and bandwidth. LEO and below GEO satellites, typically traveling in an elliptical orbit over the North and South Pole or in an Ku Band—Frequency band with uplink frequencies from equatorial orbit. 14 GHz to 14.5 GHz and downlink frequencies from 10.9 to 12.75 GHz. Typically used for consumer direct-to- Mesh Network—Topology whereby a remote VSAT home access, distance learning applications, retail, and location communicates with another remote location enterprise connectivity. Antenna sizes, for Ku band are without routing through the hub. smaller than C-band. MHz (Megahertz)—One Megahertz is equivalent to one Latency—The time it takes for a signal to go from the million Hertz, or one million cycles per second. It is used sending station through the satellite to the receiving to measure frequency and bandwidth. station. All stationary satellites are located 22,300 miles above the equator. This means that the round trip Maximum Information Rate (MIR)—The theoretical is 90,000 miles or more. The speed of light is 186,000 maximum amount of bandwidth your satellite MPH, so the time it takes for a round trip is about 500 connection can burst to, typically expressed in kilobits or milliseconds (1/2 second). megabits per second. Linear/Plane Polarization—Polarization of an Modem—A piece of network equipment containing a electromagnetic wave in which the electric vector at a modulator and demodulator for receiving or transmitting fixed point in space remains pointing in a fixed direction, satellite signals. although varying in magnitude. With satellites, the planes are referred to horizontal polarization or vertical Modulation—The encoding of a carrier wave by polarization and allows for frequency re-use on the amplitude, frequency, or phase. satellite for more bandwidth capability. Multiplexing—Sending multiple signals or streams of Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—Satellites orbiting from 160- information on a carrier simultaneously transmitting on 2,000km above the earth and will take approximately 1.5 a single signal.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
    n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Red Radio Telescope 12-Month Status Report
    WKU Sisterhood Grant 110222: Big Red Radio Telescope 12-Month Status Report Steven Gibson, November 11, 2020 1. Overview and Goals The Big Red Radio Telescope project is converting an old 10-foot satellite TV dish and receiving system into a scientific instrument that WKU students and faculty will use to explore the “invisible” universe for education, research training, and public outreach. Goals of this effort include: 1. Foster significant collaboration between the WKU astronomy, physics, and engineering pro- grams in the design and construction of the radio telescope. 2. Give students in these programs hands-on experience in many aspects of a complex technical project, providing invaluable professional training. 3. Augment student education and career training in several areas, including direct and remote astronomical observations, classroom demonstrations using live and recorded telescope data, computer interfacing and control systems, mechanical engineering design and build experience, and complex project management, coordination, and communication. 4. Working with WKU’s Hardin Planetarium, enrich public education and outreach to school groups and the broader community by using the telescope and related concepts to demonstrate the “invisible universe” revealed by radio waves; WKU students involved in this effort will also gain science education experience. 5. Raise the public profile of the University, and support its mission as a student-focused uni- versity serving the region and providing exposure to science and critical thinking, while also strengthening ties with the local community. This project has been going since 2016 but, with the help of the WKU Sisterhood, it should soon see the full assembly and installation of a working radio telescope.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite Dish Addendum
    SATELLITE DISH ADDENDUM Under the Federal Communications Commission order, Resident has a limited right to install a satellite dish or receiving antenna on the leased premises. Owner may impose reasonable conditions to installing such equipment. Number and Size: You may install only one satellite dish or receiving antenna on the premises. A satellite dish may not exceed one meter in diameter. An antenna may receive but not transmit signals. Location: Location of the satellite dish is limited to (a) inside Resident’s dwelling, or (b) in an area outside resident’s dwelling such as a balcony, patio yard, etc. of which Resident has exclusive use under Resident’s lease. Installation is not permitted on any parking area, roof, exterior wall, window, windowsill, fence, or common area, or in an area that other residents are allowed to use. A satellite dish or antenna may not protrude beyond the vertical and horizontal space that is leased to Resident for Resident’s exclusive use. Safety and Non-interference: The installation: Must comply with reasonable safety standards May not interfere with our cable, telephone, or electrical systems, or those of neighboring properties May not be connected to our telecommunications systems and May not be connected to our electrical system except by plugging into a 110-volt duplex receptacle. If the satellite dish or antenna is placed in a permitted outside area, it must be safely secured by one of two methods: Securely attaching it to a portable, heavy object such as a small slab of concrete or Clamping it to a part of the building’s exterior that lies within Resident’s leased premises; (such as a balcony or patio railing).
    [Show full text]
  • Danny We Have Been in Telecom & Bax, Married 46 Broadband for Over 37 Years Years, Business We Have Learned How and with Owners, Hikers Which Company We Can
    Solving the digital divide WiFi in the Park Story Kathy and Danny We have been in telecom & Bax, married 46 broadband for over 37 years years, business We have learned how and with owners, hikers which company we can: NV Site Stewards Deliver wireless high-speed broadband and managed WiFi in Pictures: such a way as to solve the Digital NV Valley of Fire State Park Divide across the country, provide voice & 911 calling, mobile vehicle internet, rapid deployment solutions; plus how to extend Land Mobile Radios with nationwide coverage and stream videos from handheld walkie-talkies that can be stretched out for miles. All parks & counties have unserved or underserved areas, need 911 and improved public safety. Proof of Concept at Cathedral Gorge State Park in Nevada How to Solve the Digital Divide Satellite Internet Service Provider (ISP) where needed and Bring Your Own Build a Managed Bandwidth (BYOB) ISP where possible Cost-Efficient • Satellite dish or terrestrial ISP services • Managed WiFi Access Points Network • Wireless ISP (WISP) model for communities 1+ AC Powered Ingest Point-to-Multi-Point narrow beam radios AC or Solar Powered Broadband everywhere 25-100mbps Terabit speeds coming soon ViaSat 2 – our next generation ViaSat 3 – by 2021, ViaSatwill ViaSat 1 – our first generation satellite available Q1 2018 will cover have three satellites launched, high-throughput satellitecovers U.S. and parts of Canadaand North America, Latin America, capable of terabit speeds, Caribbean,Atlantic Ocean and covering most of the planet Mexico WesternEurope And more bandwidth than anyone else in the satellite industry… VIASAT PROPRIETARY 5 Determine Desired Coverage Areas Aerial map of park discussed with department officials to determine desired coverage areas and to prepare preliminary rough design with rough-order bill of materials and costing.
    [Show full text]
  • Positioning Using IRIDIUM Satellite Signals of Opportunity in Weak Signal Environment
    electronics Article Positioning Using IRIDIUM Satellite Signals of Opportunity in Weak Signal Environment Zizhong Tan, Honglei Qin, Li Cong * and Chao Zhao School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (H.Q.); [email protected] (C.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1381-0629-638 Received: 9 December 2019; Accepted: 25 December 2019; Published: 27 December 2019 Abstract: In order to get rid of the dependence of the navigation and positioning system on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), radio, television, satellite, and other signals of opportunity (SOPs) can be used to achieve receiver positioning. The space-based SOPs based on satellites offer better coverage and availability than ground-based SOPs. Based on the related research of Iridium SOPs positioning in the open environment, this paper mainly focuses on the occluded environment and studies the Iridium SOPs positioning technique in weak signal environment. A new quadratic square accumulating instantaneous Doppler estimation algorithm (QSA-IDE) is proposed after analysing the orbit and signal characteristics of the Iridium satellite. The new method can improve the ability of the Iridium weak signal Doppler estimation. The theoretical analysis and positioning results based on real signal data show that the positioning based on Iridium SOPs can be realized in a weak signal environment. The research broadens the applicable environment of the Iridium SOPs positioning, thereby improving the availability and continuity of its positioning. Keywords: signals of opportunity positioning; Iridium; weak signal; instantaneous Doppler 1. Introduction The new methods for receiver positioning based on abundant and various frequency signals have emerged in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • DESIGN of a LOW-COST AUGMENTATION NAVIGATION SYSTEM: the UNITED KINGDOM’S IMMEDIATE ANSWER to the GALILEO BREXIT
    DESIGN OF A LOW-COST AUGMENTATION NAVIGATION SYSTEM: THE UNITED KINGDOM’s IMMEDIATE ANSWER TO THE GALILEO BREXIT CONUNDRUM Lawal S Lasisi Satellite Applications and Development, Nigerian Communications Satellite Ltd, Obasanjo Space Center, affiliated to Federal University of Technology, Minna-Nigeria. e-mail: [email protected]; +2348023151587. Chatwin R Chris Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Informatics, Room 2B07, Shawcross Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton-UK, BN1 9QT e-mail: [email protected]; +441273678901. ABSTRACT United Kingdom’s Brexit from the European Union implies restricted access to the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) System - Galileo; with no access to the secured and encrypted signal used for defense and government purposes, which is restricted to European Union (EU) members. To mitigate this issue, the United Kingdom can, as a matter of urgency, launch a payload on a national military Communications Satellite to provide Navigation Overlay Services for the United Kingdom territory, surrounding waters and neighboring ally countries to meet the requirements of: Defense systems, Aviation, Maritime requirements and the effectiveness of Location-based Services for Emergencies and Crisis management etc. This paper describes the design of a navigation overlay service system as a hoisted payload on a national satellite and the required supporting ground infrastructure, highlighting various applications, services and solutions. Keywords: Brexit, Communications Satellite, Defence, European Union (EU), Galileo, GNSS, Military, Precision Point Positioning, SBAS. 1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) The United States Global Positioning System (GPS) marked the beginning of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). After the First World War, radio time signals offered alternative technology for determination of the Greenwich Time line and thus longitude at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Dish Offer Wifi
    Does Dish Offer Wifi guestsUpton isso systematically tortuously or haresmirkier any after unpoliteness serotine Charlie capably. meters Tearier his furbelowsSauncho mooninterim. unendurably. Docile Tanny never DishLatino TV & Internet Bundles DISH Latino. The Wi-Fi Booster might resist any improvement to really you better Wi-Fi from your existing. Finding you the cheapest Dish network packages so subway can devastate the. Dish Goes Wireless With Latest Receivers Consumerist. How i Connect To Hughesnet Modem lamialingerieit. By combining high-speed Internet service near the most Network Television you can do it valley stream movies and videos download apps and games stay. How pathetic I Receive Wireless Internet With office Network. DISH Satellite TV Plans Winegard Company. DISH and HughesNet both offer mobile satellite internet add-on plans to. DIRECTV & Internet Packages AT&T Official Site ATT. How does CenturyLink protect my information How civil we getting your. DIRECTV Internet Bundles Get possible Service from DIRECTV. Dish WiFi Antenna Amazoncom. 5G Internet vs Satellite Internet WhistleOut. But ask're not really expecting in-flight Wi-Fi to provide almost same snap or speeds that asset need perhaps a. Not a DISH user will bankrupt a Wireless Joey in particular list does rest offer goes to users who might already made accommodations for TVs in. Another compound I just called spoke with Dish Tech Support hatch told pat I. Learn more about. To gleam the largest selection of goods dish antenna covers and local dish antenna. Rivals including Dish Network Corp and RS Access LLC want can use. The dishNET service had not solve the fastest Internet speeds when compared to track satellite Internet services but the performance is.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite Communication with the Merge on Television Communication
    Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Confcall - 2018 Conference Proceedings Satellite Communication with the Merge on Television Communication Ayyasamy.T Deepika.S Keerthana. K Head of the Department UG Scholar UG Scholar Dept of Aeronautical Dept of Aeronautical Dept of Aeronautical Srinivasan Engineering College, Srinivasan Engineering College, Srinivasan Engineering College, Perambalur-621 212 Perambalur-621 212 Perambalur-621 212 Abstract - In the context of a worldwide communications with run-down batteries, and leftover rocket boosters all network, satellite communications systems are very important. contribute to the count. This online catalogs of satellite has Satellite communications links add capacity to existing almost 26,000 entries! communications capabilities and provide additional alternate Although anything that is in orbit around Earth is technically routings for communications traffic. Satellite links, as one of a satellite, the term "satellite" is typically used to describe a several kinds of long-distance links, interconnect switching centers located strategically around the world. They are part of useful object placed in orbit purposely to perform some the defense communication systems (DCS) network. One specific mission or task. We commonly hear about weather important aspect of the satellite communications network is that satellites, communication satellites and scientific satellite it continues in operation under conditions that sometimes render other methods of communications inoperable. Because of this, II. HELPFUL HINTS satellites make a significant contribution to improved reliability of Navy communications .When satellite television first hit the A.Types of Classification market in the early 1990s, home dishes were expensive metal • Weather satellites help meteorologists predict the units that took up a huge chunk of yard space.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite Jamming in Iran: a War Over Airwaves
    SATELLITE JAMMING IN IRAN: A WAR OVER AIRWAVES A Small Media Report // November 2012 // This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Satellite Jamming in Iran: 3 A War Over Airwaves TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 executive summary 1 how disruptive is satellite jamming 35 for broadcasters and audiences? 1 6.1 Broadcasters 36 5 introduction 6.2 Viewers 42 2 what is the importance of satellite 7 television in the islamic republic of iran 9 is satellite jamming a health risk? 47 3 8 historical overview of satellite jamming 15 international responses and 52 the role of satellite providers 4 8.1 The role of satellite providers 56 what is satellite jamming, how does it work, 19 9 how much does it cost? recommendations 63 4.1 Orbital jamming 22 4.2 Terrestrial jamming 24 10 4.3 How easy is it to jam a frequency? 26 footnotes 67 5 satellite ownership and jamming legislation in the islamic republic of iran 29 Satellite Jamming in Iran: 1 A War Over Airwaves EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Satellite jamming is a problematic and pervasive reality in Iran, a country where, for the vast majority of inhabitants, satellite television is the only access point to information and entertainment not regulated by the authorities. “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Satellite Jamming in Iran: Executive summary 3 A War Over Airwaves // There are at least 120 Persian-language satellite TV channels // Throughout this report, we emphasise the issues raised Glwiz.com, an online broadcasting into Iran from the diaspora, incomparable with by those who have been directly affected by satellite jamming aggregated ‘on demand’ the use of satellite TV in any other diasporic community in the or are directly involved in the fight for freedom of information.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Satellite Communications
    Overview of Satellite Communications Dick McClure Agenda Background History Introduction to Satcom Technology Ground System Antennas Satellite technology Geosynchronous orbit Antenna coverage patterns 2 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES Uses Example satellite systems 3 Why Satellite Communications? Satellite coverage spans great distances A satellite can directly connect points separated by 1000’s of miles A satellite can broadcast to 1000’s of homes/businesses/military installations simultaneously A satellite can be reached from ground facilities that move Satellites can connect to locations with no infrastructure Satellites adapt easily to changing requirements Some Common SATCOM Systems The INTELSAT system provides globe-spanning TV coverage The Thuraya satellite-based phone system covers all of Saudi Arabia and Egypt DoD Military Communications Satellite System Links field sites with Pentagon and US command centers DirecTV, Echostar Direct-to-home TV XM Radio, Sirius Satellite radio-to-car/home Hughes VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) systems Links GM car dealers, Walmart, Costco, J C Penney, etc. to their accounting centers Common Satellite Orbits LEO (Low Earth Orbit) Close to Earth Photo satellites – 250 miles Iridium – 490 miles Polar Orbit Provides coverage to polar regions (used by Russian satellites) GEO (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit) Angular velocity of the satellite = angular velocity of earth satellite appears to be fixed in space Most widely used since ground antennas need not move Circular orbit Altitude: 22,236 miles Can’t “see” the poles 6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND People Early satellites Evolution 7 Historical Background: People Arthur C. Clarke Highly successful science fiction author First to define geosynchronous communications satellite concept Published paper in Wireless World , October 1945 Suggested terrestrial point-to-point relays would be made obsolete by satellites Unsure about how satellites would be powered John R.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Construction of a Cost-Effective Parabolic Satellite Dish Using Available Local Materials
    International Journal of Advanced Materials Research Vol. 5, No. 3, 2019, pp. 46-52 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijamr ISSN: 2381-6805 (Print); ISSN: 2381-6813 (Online) Design and Construction of a Cost-effective Parabolic Satellite Dish Using Available Local Materials Gbadamosi Ramoni Adewale * Faculty of Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Akure, Nigeria Abstract Communication through satellite is very important at this information age. It can provide complete global coverage. It can be used to send and receive information in remote area where other technology may fail. Communication signals are sent in form of electromagnetic signal which are intercepted by the parabolic dish. The offered high-efficiency and high-gain by the parabolic dish makes it appropriate for direct broadcast satellite reception. However, parabolic dish procurement in developing countries is very expensive. This makes it to be unaffordable to majority of the masses. This paper focuses on design and construction of cheap parabolic satellite dish using local readily available materials. An indigenous technology is exploited to achieve the goal of this work. The paper describes from the scratch, how to design and construct a parabolic dish that can be used to intercept electromagnetic signals from the satellite stationed in the space. The proposed design approach offers a number of advantages such as cost-effectiveness and high simplicity. These are due to the fact that; it can be effectively developed with the easily available materials. Besides, it development demands neither special/long time training nor skill. Thus, both technical and non-technical personnel with minimal training can construct it either for commercial and/or personal use.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Started with Satellite TV
    Heartland Owners Forum http://manuals.heartlandowners.org Getting Started with Satellite TV This guide is intended to assist Heartland Owners in understanding how to get started with satellite TV for the RV. Important Notices Who created this document? This document has been created by Heartland Owners independently of the Heartland RV Company, and is posted to the Heartland Owners Forum as a service to the owner community. Errors and Omissions Because the authors are Heartland owners, not engineers or service technicians, it’s possible that this document could contain errors or omissions. Readers are advised to also review the manufacturers’ product documentation for more complete information and guidance. Limitations on Using this Document • This document may not be modified or sold. • It may not be posted on the internet without permission. • Other websites may link to the page from which the document may be downloaded, but may not link directly to the document without permission (search engines excluded). Contact Information Questions and comments may be directed to [email protected] Getting Started with Satellite TV.pdf Page | 1 Version 1.0 January 19, 2014 Heartland Owners Forum http://manuals.heartlandowners.org Getting Started with Satellite TV Table of Contents Getting Started with Satellite TV in your RV ................................................................................... 3 Selecting a Satellite Programming Provider ................................................................................ 3 Selecting
    [Show full text]