Fundamentals of Stargazing – Month 8 Worksheet

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Fundamentals of Stargazing – Month 8 Worksheet Project #1: Find the ice-giant planets Uranus and Neptune. Look for a blue-green color in the disks. With a telescope, try different magnifications to see the apparent size of the disk of the planets change. Project #2: As mentioned in the solar-system section, as many as four of the moons of Uranus are visible with a 6-inch to 8-inch telescope. Use the link to the Javascript tool at Sky and Telescope (provided in the course notes) to try to see and identify the moons. (Note: This is a challenging project). Project #3: Using the information in the “Observing” section, estimate the Bortle scale for your regular observing location (eg. your home, your astronomy club observatory, etc). Project #4: Use the dark-sky finder from the International Dark Sky Association to find dark-sky locations near your location: http://darksky.org/idsp/finder/ Project #5: Find the variable stars Delta Cephei and Beta Persei (Algol). Try to follow their change in brightness over the course of a few days. Delta Cep changes its brightness continuously over 5.4 days. Algol’s brightness drops rather suddenly, though predictably, every 2.8 days. This planning tool will help you see the expected variability of a number of well-known variable stars: http://lackawannaastronomicalsociety.org/varstar.htm Project #6: See as many deep-sky sights on this month’s tour as possible. Some of the most appealing objects on this month’s tour are: The globular cluster M15, just of the ‘nose’ of Pegasus The galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegasus The Helix Nebula, the closest and apparently largest planetary nebula to our solar system The nearby galaxies NGC 253, NGC 55, and NGC 300 in and around the constellation Sculptor The “Saturn Nebula”, NGC 7009, a planetary nebula in Aquarius .

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Midterm Results the Milky Way in the Infrared
3/2/10 Lecture 13 : Midterm Results The Interstellar Medium and Cosmic Recycling A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath The Milk The Milky Way in the Infrared Way from Above (artist conception) The Milky Way appears to have a bar and four spiral arms. Star formation and hot blue stars concentrated in arms. View from the Earth: Edge On Infrared light penetrates the clouds and shows the entire galaxy 1 3/2/10 NGC 7331: the Milky Way’s Twins The Interstellar Medium The space between the stars is not empty, but ﬁlled with a very low density of matter in the form of: •Atomic hydrogen •Ionized hydrogen •Molecular Hydrogen •Cosmic Rays •Dust grains •Many other molecules (water, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol, etc) •Organic molecules like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons How do we know the gas is there? Review: Kirchoff Laws Remainder of the Lecture Foreground gas cooler, absorption 1. How we observe and study the interstellar medium 2. The multiwavelength Milky Way Absorbing gas hotter, 3. Cosmic Recycling emission lines (and (or cooler blackbody) blackbody) If foreground gas and emitting blackbody the same temperature: perfect blackbody (no lines) Picture from Nick Strobel’s astronomy notes: www.astronomynotes.com 2 3/2/10 Observing the ISM through Absorption Lines • We can determine the composition of interstellar gas from its absorption lines in the spectra of stars • 70% H, 28% He, 2% heavier elements in our region of Milky Way Picture from Nick Strobel’s astronomy notes: www.astronomynotes.com Emission Lines Emission Line Nebula M27 Emitted by atoms and ions in planetary and HII regions.
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Winter Constellations
Winter Constellations *Orion *Canis Major *Monoceros *Canis Minor *Gemini *Auriga *Taurus *Eradinus *Lepus *Monoceros *Cancer *Lynx *Ursa Major *Ursa Minor *Draco *Camelopardalis *Cassiopeia *Cepheus *Andromeda *Perseus *Lacerta *Pegasus *Triangulum *Aries *Pisces *Cetus *Leo (rising) *Hydra (rising) *Canes Venatici (rising) Orion--Myth: Orion, the great hunter. In one myth, Orion boasted he would kill all the wild animals on the earth. But, the earth goddess Gaia, who was the protector of all animals, produced a gigantic scorpion, whose body was so heavily encased that Orion was unable to pierce through the armour, and was himself stung to death. His companion Artemis was greatly saddened and arranged for Orion to be immortalised among the stars. Scorpius, the scorpion, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so that Orion would never be hurt by it again. To this day, Orion is never seen in the sky at the same time as Scorpius. DSO’s ● ***M42 “Orion Nebula” (Neb) with Trapezium A stellar nursery where new stars are being born, perhaps a thousand stars. These are immense clouds of interstellar gas and dust collapse inward to form stars, mainly of ionized hydrogen which gives off the red glow so dominant, and also ionized greenish oxygen gas. The youngest stars may be less than 300,000 years old, even as young as 10,000 years old (compared to the Sun, 4.6 billion years old). 1300 ly. 1 ● *M43--(Neb) “De Marin’s Nebula” The star-forming “comma-shaped” region connected to the Orion Nebula. ● *M78--(Neb) Hard to see. A star-forming region connected to the Orion Nebula.
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The Bright Galaxies NGC 1068 (M 77), NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826 (M 64), and NGC 7469 F
A&A 493, 525–538 (2009) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810655 & c ESO 2009 Astrophysics CI and CO in nearby galaxy centers The bright galaxies NGC 1068 (M 77), NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826 (M 64), and NGC 7469 F. P. Israel Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] Received 22 July 2008 / Accepted 5 November 2008 ABSTRACT Aims. We study the physical properties and amount of molecular gas in the central regions of galaxies with active nuclei. Methods. Maps and measurements of the J = 1−0, J = 2−1, J = 3−2, J = 4−3 12CO, the J = 1−0, J = 2−1, and J = 3−2 13CO lines in the central arcminute squared of NGC 1068, NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826, and NGC 7469, as well as 492 GHz CI maps in three of these are used to model the molecular gas clouds in these galaxies. Results. Bright CO concentrations were detected and mapped in all five objects. In all cases, the observed lines could be fitted with two distinct gas components. The physical condition of the molecular gas is found to differ from galaxy to galaxy. Rather high kinetic temperatures of 125−150 K occur in NGC 2146 and NGC 3079. Very high densities of 0.3−1.0 × 105 cm−3 occur in NGC 2146, NGC 3079, and NGC 7469. The CO to H2 conversion factor X is typically an order of magnitude less than the “standard” value in the solar neighborhood.
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Ghost Hunt Challenge 2020
Virtual Ghost Hunt Challenge 10/21 /2020 (Sorry we can meet in person this year or give out awards but try doing this challenge on your own.) Participant’s Name _________________________ Categories for the competition: Manual Telescope Electronically Aided Telescope Binocular Astrophotography (best photo) (if you expect to compete in more than one category please fill-out a sheet for each) ** There are four objects on this list that may be beyond the reach of beginning astronomers or basic telescopes. Therefore, we have marked these objects with an * and provided alternate replacements for you just below the designated entry. We will use the primary objects to break a tie if that’s needed. Page 1 TAS Ghost Hunt Challenge - Page 2 Time # Designation Type Con. RA Dec. Mag. Size Common Name Observed Facing West – 7:30 8:30 p.m. 1 M17 EN Sgr 18h21’ -16˚11’ 6.0 40’x30’ Omega Nebula 2 M16 EN Ser 18h19’ -13˚47 6.0 17’ by 14’ Ghost Puppet Nebula 3 M10 GC Oph 16h58’ -04˚08’ 6.6 20’ 4 M12 GC Oph 16h48’ -01˚59’ 6.7 16’ 5 M51 Gal CVn 13h30’ 47h05’’ 8.0 13.8’x11.8’ Whirlpool Facing West - 8:30 – 9:00 p.m. 6 M101 GAL UMa 14h03’ 54˚15’ 7.9 24x22.9’ 7 NGC 6572 PN Oph 18h12’ 06˚51’ 7.3 16”x13” Emerald Eye 8 NGC 6426 GC Oph 17h46’ 03˚10’ 11.0 4.2’ 9 NGC 6633 OC Oph 18h28’ 06˚31’ 4.6 20’ Tweedledum 10 IC 4756 OC Ser 18h40’ 05˚28” 4.6 39’ Tweedledee 11 M26 OC Sct 18h46’ -09˚22’ 8.0 7.0’ 12 NGC 6712 GC Sct 18h54’ -08˚41’ 8.1 9.8’ 13 M13 GC Her 16h42’ 36˚25’ 5.8 20’ Great Hercules Cluster 14 NGC 6709 OC Aql 18h52’ 10˚21’ 6.7 14’ Flying Unicorn 15 M71 GC Sge 19h55’ 18˚50’ 8.2 7’ 16 M27 PN Vul 20h00’ 22˚43’ 7.3 8’x6’ Dumbbell Nebula 17 M56 GC Lyr 19h17’ 30˚13 8.3 9’ 18 M57 PN Lyr 18h54’ 33˚03’ 8.8 1.4’x1.1’ Ring Nebula 19 M92 GC Her 17h18’ 43˚07’ 6.44 14’ 20 M72 GC Aqr 20h54’ -12˚32’ 9.2 6’ Facing West - 9 – 10 p.m.
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Deep Submillimeter Images of NGC 7331; Dust at the Periphery of Spiral Disks
A&A 366, 451–465 (2001) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20000405 & c ESO 2001 Astrophysics Deep submillimeter images of NGC 7331; dust at the periphery of spiral disks P. B. Alton1, J. Lequeux2, S. Bianchi3, D. Churches1,J.Davies1, and F. Combes2 1 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wales, PO Box 913, Cardiﬀ CF2 3YB, UK 2 DEMIRM, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France 3 ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei Muenchen, Germany Received 11 September 2000 / Accepted 29 November 2000 Abstract. We present deep 450 and 850 µm SCUBA images of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 7331. Using the submillimeter emissivity inferred from COBE observations of Milky Way dust, we convert our SCUBA images into maps of optical depth. The opacity derived in this way is quite low at the visible limit of NGC 7331 (τB ≤ 0.22 at the R25 radius for the disk seen face-on). In a similar fashion, we exploit SCUBA and ISOPHOT images of a further 10 galaxies and, collectively, these data indicate τB =0.1–0.2attheR25 radius. Our constraints on disk opacity are fed into a simulation of how light emanating from high redshifts is attenuated by foreground spirals. In making this calculation, we consider the possibility that galactic disks may have also contained diﬀerent dust masses in the past. We estimate that less than 10% of the light emitted by Hubble Deep Field galaxies fails to reach the B-band observer due to intervening spirals. Key words. ISM: dust, extinction – ISM: molecules – galaxies: spiral – galaxies: ISM – infrared: galaxies – galaxies: NGC 7331 1.
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Observing Galaxies in Pegasus 01 October 2015 23:07
Observing galaxies in Pegasus 01 October 2015 23:07 Context As you look towards Pegasus you are looking below the galactic plane under the Orion spiral arm of our galaxy. The Perseus-Pisces supercluster wall of galaxies runs through this constellation. It stretches from RA 3h +40 in Perseus to 23h +10 in Pegasus and is around 200 million light years away. It includes the Pegasus I group noted later this document. The constellation is well placed from mid summer to late autumn. Pegasus is a rich constellation for galaxy observing. I have observed 80 galaxies in this constellation. Relatively bright galaxies This section covers the galaxies that were visible with direct vision in my 16 inch or smaller scopes. This list will therefore grow over time as I have not yet viewed all the galaxies in good conditions at maximum altitude in my 16 inch scope! NGC 7331 MAG 9 This is the stand out galaxy of the constellation. It is similar to our milky way. Around it are a number of fainter NGC galaxies. I have seen the brightest one, NGC 7335 in my 10 inch scope with averted vision. I have seen NGC 7331 in my 25 x 100mm binoculars. NGC 7814 - Mag 10 ? Not on observed list ? This is a very lovely oval shaped galaxy. By constellation Page 1 NGC 7332 MAG 11 / NGC 7339 MAG 12 These galaxies are an isolated bound pair about 67 million light years away. NGC 7339 is the fainter of the two galaxies at the eyepiece. I have seen NGC 7332 in my 25 x 100mm binoculars.
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SAC's 110 Best of the NGC
SAC's 110 Best of the NGC by Paul Dickson Version: 1.4 | March 26, 1997 Copyright °c 1996, by Paul Dickson. All rights reserved If you purchased this book from Paul Dickson directly, please ignore this form. I already have most of this information. Why Should You Register This Book? Please register your copy of this book. I have done two book, SAC's 110 Best of the NGC and the Messier Logbook. In the works for late 1997 is a four volume set for the Herschel 400. q I am a beginner and I bought this book to get start with deep-sky observing. q I am an intermediate observer. I bought this book to observe these objects again. q I am an advance observer. I bought this book to add to my collect and/or re-observe these objects again. The book I'm registering is: q SAC's 110 Best of the NGC q Messier Logbook q I would like to purchase a copy of Herschel 400 book when it becomes available. Club Name: __________________________________________ Your Name: __________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ City: __________________ State: ____ Zip Code: _________ Mail this to: or E-mail it to: Paul Dickson 7714 N 36th Ave [email protected] Phoenix, AZ 85051-6401 After Observing the Messier Catalog, Try this Observing List: SAC's 110 Best of the NGC [email protected] http://www.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/sacnews/html/sac.110.best.ngc.html SAC's 110 Best of the NGC is an observing list of some of the best objects after those in the Messier Catalog.
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CI and CO in Nearby Galaxy Centers
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. brightgal c ESO 2018 October 22, 2018 CI and CO in nearby galaxy centers The bright galaxies NGC 1068 (M 77), NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826 (M 64), and NGC 7469 F.P. Israel1 Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Received ????; accepted ???? ABSTRACT Aims. We study the physical properties and amount of molecular gas in the central regions of galaxies with active nuclei. Methods. Maps and measurements of the J=1–0, J=2–1, J=3–2, J=4–3 12CO, the J=1–0, J=2–1, and J=3–2 13CO lines in the central arcminute squared of NGC 1068, NGC 2146, NGC 3079, NGC 4826, and NGC 7469, as well as 492 GHz CI maps in three of these are used to model the molecular gas clouds in these galaxies. Results. Bright CO concentrations were detected and mapped in all five objects. In all cases, the observed lines could be fitted with two distinct gas components. The physical condition of the molecular gas is found to differ from galaxy to galaxy. Rather high kinetic temperatures of 125-150 K occur in NGC 2146 and NGC 3079. Very high densities of 5 −3 0.3−1.0 × 10 cm occur in NGC 2146, NGC 3079, and NGC 7469. The CO to H2 conversion factor X is typically an order of magnitude less than the ‘standard’ value in the Solar Neighborhood. The molecular gas is constrained within 8 radii between 0.9 and 1.5 kpc from the nuclei.
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SAA 100 Club
S.A.A. 100 Observing Club Raleigh Astronomy Club Version 1.2 07-AUG-2005 Introduction Welcome to the S.A.A. 100 Observing Club! This list started on the USENET newsgroup sci.astro.amateur when someone asked about everyone’s favorite, non-Messier objects for medium sized telescopes (8-12”). The members of the group nominated objects and voted for their favorites. The top 100 objects, by number of votes, were collected and ranked into a list that was published. This list is a good next step for someone who has observed all the objects on the Messier list. Since it includes objects in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (DEC +72 to -72), the award has two different levels to accommodate those observers who aren't able to travel. The first level, the Silver SAA 100 award requires 88 objects (all visible from North Carolina). The Gold SAA 100 Award requires all 100 objects to be observed. One further note, many of these objects are on other observing lists, especially Patrick Moore's Caldwell list. For convenience, there is a table mapping various SAA100 objects with their Caldwell counterparts. This will facilitate observers who are working or have worked on these lists of objects. We hope you enjoy looking at all the great objects recommended by other avid astronomers! Rules In order to earn the Silver certificate for the program, the applicant must meet the following qualifications: 1. Be a member in good standing of the Raleigh Astronomy Club. 2. Observe 80 Silver observations. 3. Record the time and date of each observation.
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Caldwell Catalogue - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Caldwell catalogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Log in / create account Article Discussion Read Edit View history Caldwell catalogue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalog of 109 bright star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled Featured content by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore, better known as Patrick Moore, as a complement to the Messier Catalogue. Current events The Messier Catalogue is used frequently by amateur astronomers as a list of interesting deep-sky objects for observations, but Moore noted that the list did not include Random article many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects, including the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and NGC 253. Moreover, Moore observed that the Donate to Wikipedia Messier Catalogue, which was compiled based on observations in the Northern Hemisphere, excluded bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere such [1][2] Interaction as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae. He quickly compiled a list of 109 objects (to match the number of objects in the Messier [3] Help Catalogue) and published it in Sky & Telescope in December 1995. About Wikipedia Since its publication, the catalogue has grown in popularity and usage within the amateur astronomical community. Small compilation errors in the original 1995 version Community portal of the list have since been corrected. Unusually, Moore used one of his surnames to name the list, and the catalogue adopts "C" numbers to rename objects with more Recent changes common designations.[4] Contact Wikipedia As stated above, the list was compiled from objects already identified by professional astronomers and commonly observed by amateur astronomers.
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AHSP Telescope Observing Award
AHSP Telescope Observing Award Compiled by Dan L. Ward • To qualify for the TOA pin, you must see 15 of the following 20 telescope targets. Check off each as you spot them. Seen # Object Const. Type* RA Dec Mag Size Nickname 1. M13 Her GC 16 41.7 +36 28 5.9 16' Great Hercules Globular 2. M57 Lyr PN 18 53.6 +33 02 9.7 86"x62" Ring Nebula 3. NGC 6819 Cyg OC 19 41.3 +40 11 7.3 5’ Fox Head Cluster 4. M27 Vul PN 19 59.6 +22 43 8.1 8’x6’ Dumbbell Nebula 5. NGC 7000 Cyg BN 20 58.8 +44 20 - 120'x100' North America Nebula 6. NGC 7009 Aqr PN 21 04.2 -11 22 8.3 28”x23” Saturn Nebula 7. M15 Peg GC 21 30.0 +12 10 7.5 12’ Great Pegasus Cluster 8. M2 Aqr GC 21 33.5 -00 49 6.3 16’ NGC 7089 9. M39 Cyg OC 21 32.2 +48 26 4.6 32' NGC 7092 10. M30 Cap GC 21 40.4 -23 11 8.4 11’x11’ NGC 7099 11. NGC 7331 Peg Gx 22 37.1 +34 25 10.4 11’x4’ Caldwell 30 12. M31 And Gx 00 42.8 +41 16 4.5 178’ Andromeda Galaxy 13. NGC 253 Scl Gx 00 47.5 -25 18 7.1 25’x7’ Sculptor Galaxy 14. NGC 457 Cas OC 01 19.1 +58 20 6.4 13’ Owl Cluster/ET Cluster 15. M74 Psc Gx 01 36.7 +15 47 10.5 10’x9.5’ The Phantom 16.
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The Caldwell Catalogue+Photos
The Caldwell Catalogue was compiled in 1995 by Sir Patrick Moore. He has said he started it for fun because he had some spare time after finishing writing up his latest observations of Mars. He looked at some nebulae, including the ones Charles Messier had not listed in his catalogue. Messier was only interested in listing those objects which he thought could be confused for the comets, he also only listed objects viewable from where he observed from in the Northern hemisphere. Moore's catalogue extends into the Southern hemisphere. Having completed it in a few hours, he sent it off to the Sky & Telescope magazine thinking it would amuse them. They published it in December 1995. Since then, the list has grown in popularity and use throughout the amateur astronomy community. Obviously Moore couldn't use 'M' as a prefix for the objects, so seeing as his surname is actually Caldwell-Moore he used C, and thus also known as the Caldwell catalogue. http://www.12dstring.me.uk/caldwelllistform.php Caldwell NGC Type Distance Apparent Picture Number Number Magnitude C1 NGC 188 Open Cluster 4.8 kly +8.1 C2 NGC 40 Planetary Nebula 3.5 kly +11.4 C3 NGC 4236 Galaxy 7000 kly +9.7 C4 NGC 7023 Open Cluster 1.4 kly +7.0 C5 NGC 0 Galaxy 13000 kly +9.2 C6 NGC 6543 Planetary Nebula 3 kly +8.1 C7 NGC 2403 Galaxy 14000 kly +8.4 C8 NGC 559 Open Cluster 3.7 kly +9.5 C9 NGC 0 Nebula 2.8 kly +0.0 C10 NGC 663 Open Cluster 7.2 kly +7.1 C11 NGC 7635 Nebula 7.1 kly +11.0 C12 NGC 6946 Galaxy 18000 kly +8.9 C13 NGC 457 Open Cluster 9 kly +6.4 C14 NGC 869 Open Cluster
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