Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch 1 7 13 19 25 31 First Catch Your Moth 3. Wine Ropes Trap Types Bulb Types Scottish Moths This is an alternative method to sugaring. • More moths are active on mild, cloudy, You will need. (pros P and cons O) (pros P and cons O) Scotland has only 37 butterfly species but just over 1500 different moths. They can still nights with no moon. • Bottle of cheap red wine (definitely not for you!). be found everywhere from sandy shores to the tops of Scotland’s highest mountains. • Steady drizzle can be good, but cold nights, • 1kg sugar. Robinson Trap Heath Trap MV (Mercury Vapour) • 1m lengths of untreated thick cord or light rope Collapsible rectangular box with funnel. Even a small urban garden can be visited by around 100 different species. heavy rain and strong winds are best avoided. Large, round, plastic container with High power bulbs emitting significant UV. • Look for moths throughout the year as made from absorbent material. transparent collar. P Light and can flat-pack for storage P Attracts highest number of moths. In fact, wherever there are plants there will be moths. Moths are fascinating and different species are on the wing at different P Catches large numbers of moths which and transport. O Requires mains electricity or a generator, very easy to observe and study. This leaflet will help you identify some of the times, although more appear in the summer. Heat the wine and stir in and dissolve the sugar. tend not to escape. P Very portable so ideal if trapping and electrical “control” box. 2 8 14 20 26 32 commonest and show you what you need to start “mothing”. Allow to cool and soak the lengths of rope. Drape P Perhaps the most efficient trap. away from habitation. O EU ban, due to mercury, but bulbs still available. There are several methods that can be used the “wine ropes” over low branches, bushes or O Does not collapse so takes up a lot of room P Cheapest non-DIY trap. to find moths, none of these kill or are harmful fences just before dusk and check for moths by when not in use and to transport. O Holds fewer moths than previous Actinic Fluorescent torch-light for the first two hours of darkness. two models. Why are moths important? to moths. O Expensive. Tube bulbs with high UV output. O Can be cumbersome to assemble. Designed to attract insects. Moths are an essential part of our ecosystem and a fundamental ingredient in the foodchain for P 4. Light Various wattages available. Moth Trapping at Night numerous species. Many common birds, e.g. great tits, feed their young almost exclusively on P 1. Natural Attractants It is well known that moths are attracted to lights Can be powered by mains or 12v battery. moth caterpillars, whilst adult moths are preyed upon by bats. P Most nectar plants that attract butterflies will at night, although the reasons for this are unclear. O 12v options being phased out in favour of LED. also attract moths both at night and day. Simply Leave outside and porch lights on after dark. Moths are also important pollinators, and play a vital role as the canaries of our countryside, search suitable flowering plants particularly for Check lit windows, walls and fences for moths Compact Fluorescent Moth-trap Top Tips 3 9 15 21 27 33 being sensitive indicators quick to respond to changes to our environment. an hour or two after dusk using a torch. The most during first two hours of darkness and again in Household-like bulbs with high UV output. attractive to moths are sallow blossom, ragwort, the morning. You can make lit surfaces more On par with high power actinics. The principles of using any buddleia, night-scented stock, hemp agrimony, attractive by draping a white sheet over them. P Two types available: Actinic (for insect moth-trap are similar Moths have the same life-cycle as butterflies with four stages; sweet william and over-ripe blackberries. P attraction) and Vivarium (for reptile basking). 1. Egg (ovum) 2. Caterpillar (larva) 3. Pupa (chrysalis) 4. Adult (imago) However, it is more effective and efficient to use Can be plugged directly into the mains without • Fill the trap with cardboard egg boxes/ 2. Sugaring specifically designed moth-traps. A trap run on P the need for expensive and weighty “control” box. trays to provide rough surfaces and dark They also belong to the same order, Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek ‘lepis’ = scale Moths can also be attracted to artificial nectar a muggy night in July/August can catch over a Usually mains powered, but inverters crannies where moths can hide. and ‘pteron’ = wing, and have two pairs of wings. called “sugar”. To make “sugar” you will need. thousand moths comprising up to one hundred Robinson Trap with MV Bulb O can be used to power from 12v. • 454g tin of black treacle. different species! • Placing the trap on an old white sheet • 1kg brown sugar, (the darker the better). spread out on the ground can prevent 4 10 16 22 28 34 Heath Trap with Actinic Tube LED Moth Myths Macro or Micro? • 500ml brown ale (for the moths not you!). Most moth traps use bulbs that emit UV (ultraviolet) Skinner Trap moths that land short being trampled In early stages of adoption and understanding. 1. All moths are dull, brown and less Moths are artificially divided into two groups: • Paint brush. light, however, there is a range of trap designs and Rectangular box, normally collapsible, on when checking the trap, especially at Lightweight with many varieties. colourful than butterflies. the macros that comprise families of bulb types available. Some are reliant on mains with slot entrance. Larger than a Heath Trap. P night. However, this may also make them Bucket Trap Higher power LEDs on par with fluorescent This is simply not true. Several moths are very predominantly large moths and the micros Slowly heat the ale in a large pan and simmer power (240v), or equivalent using a generator, Can catch close to as many moths P more obvious to birds in the morning! P Medium, round, plastic container – bulbs, but often with different catch composition. brightly coloured whilst others are cryptically comprising families predominantly of small for five minutes. Stir in and dissolve the sugar, others can be powered by a more portable 12v as a Robinson. a compromise between a Heath and a Robinson. DIY light units made with LEDs are cheap. • Set away from other light sources marked and beautifully camouflaged. moths. However, in reality some micro species followed by the treacle and then simmer for battery. Easy to open and observe catch. P P P Can catch better than a Heath. Uses little power therefore batteries last longer e.g. street lights. are in fact bigger than some macros. two minutes. Allow to cool before decanting Can be collapsed when not in use and P P P Cheaper than a Robinson and lends itself requiring less recharging. 2. All moths fly at night. Nonetheless, this division is very convenient, into a container. Fizzy full-sugar drinks like Cola or 5. Other Techniques for transport. • Set the trap on habitat boundaries to to DIY. O Low power LEDs may be inconsistent in Most species do but many only fly during the particularly for beginners. In Scotland there are Irn Bru may be used in place of the ale. A drop of Not all moths fly at night or are attracted Cheaper than a Robinson. catch a broader mix of species. P O Does not collapse so takes up more catch success. 5 11 17 23 29 35 day, or fly both by day and night. approximately 560 macros and 960 micros. rum stirred in just before use is recommended but to light, nectar or ‘sugar’. Sampling an area Moths sometimes escape once caught. room than a Heath trap although smaller O O Supplied LED traps quite pricey. • If leaving the trap until morning, keep it not essential. by these methods alone will, therefore, Can be cumbersome to assemble. than a Robinson. O on all night or you may lose your catch! 3. Only butterflies have clubbed antennae. Identification of most macros is relatively not pick up all species. Almost true, but the day-flying burnet moths straightforward only requiring patience, Paint the mixture at eye level on up to 10-20 tree • Check the trap before the sun shines are the main exception to this rule, possessing perseverance and little specialist knowledge. trunks or fence posts just before dusk and check You can also try… directly on it, heating and unsettling club-like antennae. They all have common names and can be for moths by torch-light for the first • Day-time and dusk searches netting those inside, by choosing a site shaded found within the pages of a single guidebook. two hours of darkness. naturally flying adults. from the early morning sun. 4. All moths eat clothes. By contrast, until recently most micros only have • Searching for and rearing caterpillars In Scotland only three or four of the c1500 scientific names, are more difficult to identify Sugaring is notoriously fickle, giving different through to adulthood. • If you don’t have time to check the species of moths do so and they prefer dirty in the field and can require consultation of results on apparently similar nights. However, catch early in the morning move the trap clothes hidden away in the dark, and don’t specialist books. It is not surprising, therefore, it tends to work better when used regularly. to a cool, shaded position. Block the 6 12 18 24 30 36 like being disturbed or spring-cleaned! that the majority of beginners start with the entrance and cover the trap with a sheet. macros, only moving on to the micros once their • Don’t forget to check for moths around experience and confidence has increased. the trap as well as in it. Skinner Trap with Actinic Tube Bucket Trap with Compact Bulb A Good Moth Catch Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland Want To Know More? Moth Welfare Moth Identification No Species Month Flying Best found Size Habitat Caterpillar foodplant Status in Scotland Join Us The following books are 1 “Grass moth” 6-8 L, FBD, DBD 20-24 Everywhere Grasses Abundant, one of several similar “Grass moths” National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS) recommended as further • Avoid handling moths as you may One of the first steps in moth identification is 2 Six-spot Burnet 6-8 FBD 15-19 Gr Bird’s-foot trefoil Common on coasts, not Orkney & Shetland Become a member of Butterfly Conservation for half price The NMRS, led by Butterfly Conservation, was set up damage them. recognising the commoner species. As an aid, Learn about reading or for identification: 3 Silver-ground Carpet 6-8 L, DBD 14-17 H, S, W, Ga, M Herbaceous plants including cleavers & primrose Very common and discover more about moths in your welcome pack. in 2007 to collate sightings of all macro-moths across the • Put moths in clear containers for details and photographs of 36 of Scotland’s Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/lovemoths UK, (and micros since 2016). This culminated in 2019 Colour Identification Guide to Moths close inspection. commonest and more distinctive moths are 4 Yellow Shell 6-8 DBD 13-16 F, H, S, W, Gr Cleavers & bedstraws Common with the landmark publication of the Atlas of Britain & of the British Isles. (Third Edition) • Only have one moth per container and ensure provided within this leaflet. 5 Dark/Common Marbled Carpet 6-9 L, DBD, FAR, occ S & N 14-19 H, S, W, Ga, M Many including heathers, blaeberry, birch, bramble & willow Very common Ireland’s Larger Moths based on over 25 million moth B.Skinner (2009). it can move around freely. Scotland’s records. It contains accounts with distribution maps for A photographic guide to all • A sharp tap will usually dislodge moths All species are likely to be encountered by 6 Grey Pine Carpet 5-9 L, DBD 13-17 W, P, Ga Coniferous trees Very common except Shetland 866 macro-moths, and phenology, distribution and macro-moths of the British Isles. from egg trays into containers. beginners almost anywhere in Scotland. Some 7 July Highflyer 7-9 L, DBD 14-18 F, S, Ga, H, W Hazels, willows, blaeberry & heather Very common abundance trends for most species. • Keep potted moths in a cool place moths are renowned for being extremely variable Field Guide to the Moths of Great 8 Winter Moth 10-1 L, DBD, FAR 13-16 Everywhere Trees & heather Abundant common moths (i.e. fridge) to prevent them becoming active particularly in colour, pattern and even size. Britain and Ireland. (Third Edition) We encourage you to contribute to the NMRS by and rubbing off their scales. Also, as moths age they lose wing-scales and 9 Common Pug 5-6 L 10-12 F, S, Ga, H, W, Ga Flowers & leaves of low growing plants & leaves of broadleaved trees Very common except Shetland P.Waring & M.Townsend (2017). submitting your sightings either online or to your • Avoid trapping regularly on consecutive nights become less well-marked making identification Illustrated by R.Lewington, it shows 10 Chimney Sweeper 6-8 FBD 12-15 Gr, H, W, S Pignut Common on mainland & Mull County Moth Recorder. Details can be found here to prevent recapturing the same individuals. more difficult. Some moths are very difficult to all macro-moths in their natural 11 Magpie 7-8 DBD, L, FAR 18-25 Ga, W, S, M Broad-leaved trees & heather Abundant in north & west, scarce in east and south www.butterfly-conservation.org/moths along with resting postures. • Garden birds will soon learn to feast upon tell apart and even puzzle the experts, so don’t lots of other useful information including Why Moths moths lying outside the trap or at release expect to be able to identify every moth you find. 12 Clouded Border 6-7 FBD, L 11-14 W, S, F Aspen & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland Matter, The State of Britain’s Moths Reports and Concise Guide to the Moths of Great sites so... 13 Brimstone Moth 5-7 L, DBD 14-21 H, Ga, W, S, Gr Blackthorn, hawthorn & rowan Common except Shetland What’s Flying Tonight, an app which uses NMRS data Britain and Ireland. (Second Edition) • Check your trap as early as possible in to determine the species most likely to be seen P.Waring & M.Townsend (2019). the morning. Top ID Tips 14 Early Thorn 5-6 L 14-23 W, S, Ga, H Deciduous trees Common mainland & Orkney centred on your postcode and date. Illustrated by R.Lewington. • Or cover with a sheet at dawn and put the 15 Peppered Moth 5-8 L 22-28 W, S, Ga, H Mainly deciduous trees Common except Orkney, Shetland & Outer Hebrides A fun-size version of the above. trap in the shade. • Buy a good identification guide and use 16 Mottled Beauty 6-8 L, FAR, DBD, N 19-26 W, M, S, H, Ga Wide range of woody plants Common except Orkney & Shetland Butterfly Conservation’s East Scotland Branch website • Release moths away from the trap, ideally at recommended identification websites. British Moths: A Photographic Guide. is also a fantastic resource for information, including dusk, in long/thick vegetation. • Always have some clear containers to hand. 17 Common Heath 5-6 FBD, DBD 12-15 M Heathers Abundant on moorland except Shetland (Second Edition) • Wing shape and pattern are often more Scottish moths by month, Scottish distribution maps C.Manley (2015) 18 Common White Wave 6-7 L, FAR, DBD 15-17 W, S Birch, alder & willows Common except Orkney & Shetland helpful than colour. for all macros and micros, with flight charts for the A comprehensive collection of • Check flight period, distribution, foodplants 19 Light Emerald 6-8 L, DBD 18-26 W, S, Ga Wide range of broadleaved trees Common except Shetland former, Scottish moth caterpillars by habitat, and the photographs of living insects taken Moth-ers Welfare! and habitats. Scottish Moth Voucher Archive that contains validated in natural conditions. Covers the 20 Poplar Hawk-moth 5-7 L 30-46 W, S, Ga, M, F Aspen, poplars & willows Common except Shetland & Western Isles Keep yourself safe by… • Start early in the season (e.g. April) when fewer digital photographs of Scottish moths. All this and more majority of British macros and micros. 21 Lesser Swallow Prominent 5-8 L 20-26 W, M, G, S Birch Common except outer isles can be found here www.butterfly-conservation.org/ • Avoid looking directly at light-trap bulbs, species are on the wing. in-your-area/east-scotland-branch Field Guide to the Micro-moths of consider using sunglasses with UV protection. • Look for moths regularly so that you become 22 Garden Tiger 7-8 L 17-20 M, S, Ga, Gr Herbaceous plants especially dock Common except Shetland Great Britain and Ireland. • Do not use cracked or damaged bulbs, acquainted with the most common or 23 White Ermine 6-7 L 18-23 Ga, H, Gr, M, M, S Herbaceous plants Common except Shetland One of the best ways to find out more about moths is P.Sterling & M.Parsons (2012). check before use. distinctively marked species. 24 Large Yellow Underwing 6-10 L, N, S, DBD 1-26 Everywhere Herbaceous plants & grasses Abundant to attend a local moth trapping event run by your local Illustrated by R.Lewington, it includes • Use waterproof connections and use • Don’t be afraid to ask for help from your Butterfly Conservation Branch. For more information the bulk of British micro-moths in a rain-shield to protect the bulb. County Moth Recorder or others, ideally with 25 Square-spot Rustic 8-10 L, N, S 14-17 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Mainly grasses but also herbaceous plants Very common one volume. • Don’t touch MV-bulbs, they get very hot! the moth still available. visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/events 26 Bright-line Brown-eye 6-7 L, N, S 14-19 W, M, S, F, Gr, Ga, H Wide range of herbaceous plants Common BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION SCOTLAND Ensure trap is plugged into mains via a RCD Identification from photographs is possible Field Guide to the Caterpillars of • • Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG 27 Antler Moth 7-9 L, N, S, FBD 12-17 Gr, M Grasses especially tough species Common in suitable habitat The Scottish moth forum is an excellent online group Great Britain and Ireland (earth leakage trip). for most species and will help you build up T: 01786 447753 for obtaining identifications of mystery moths, seeing B.Henwood & P.Sterling (2020). • Beware of wasps attracted to sugar, wine ropes your own digital collection for future reference. 28 Hebrew Character 3-6 L, N, S 15-17 Everywhere Wide range of broadleaved trees & herbaceous plants Abundant E: [email protected] or light-traps. • Moths will remain alive in a container in the other posted queries and the species others are catching. Illustrated by R.Lewington, it covers 29 Smoky Wainscot 7-8 L, N, S 14-18 Gr, F, Ga, M Grasses especially cock’s-foot & reed Common www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland To sign up visit www.groups.io/g/scottishmoths the species (moths and butterflies) • Be prepared for midges and ticks. fridge for a day or two while you ponder that are most likely to be • When moth trapping away from your garden their identity. 30 Sallow 8-9 L,S 14-17 W, S, F, M.Ga Willows & aspen Common FOLLOW US encountered in the British Isles. it is advisable to inform the police and consult • Above all have fun and appreciate them 31 Angle Shades 5-10 L,S,FBD 21-25 Everywhere Herbaceous & woody plants Widespread & common facebook.com/bcscotland landowners and local residents. whether you know their name or not. Enjoying Moths 32 Dark Arches 7-8 L, N, S 19-26 Everywhere Grasses Abundant Useful Identification Websites twitter.com/bc_scotland R.Leverton (2001). UK Moths – www.ukmoths.org.uk Has photos of 33 Burnished Brass 6-8 L, N 16-19 Gr, Ga, H, F, W, S Mainly nettle Common A good introduction to moths almost every UK moth. Butterfly Conservation and mothing. 34 Silver Y 5-10 L, N, S, FBD 13-21 Everywhere Low-growing plants Can be abundant Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) UK Leps – www.ukleps.org Very good coverage of Equipment Suppliers 35 Herald 8-11 & 3-5 L,S 19-23 W, S, Ga, H, F Willows & aspen Common Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP caterpillars as well as adults. The Natural History of Moths The following companies sell a wide range of entomological equipment including moth traps, Registered charity No. SCO39268 (Scotland) and No. 254937 (England and Wales). batteries, pots and nets; other suppliers are available. Facebook Groups e.g. Scottish Moths, East M.Young (1997). 36 Snout 6-8 L, N, S, DBD 15-19 W, S, H, Ga, F Nettle Abundant except Shetland & Western Isles Text by Tom Prescott. Photographs by Katty Baird, Mark Cubitt, Iain Leach, Roy Leverton, Scottish Moths and Highland Moths and Provides a broad picture of moth Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies www.angleps.com Mark Parsons, Tom Prescott, Paul Pugh and Mike Taylor Butterflies. For current news and identifications biology and ecology. Watkins and Doncaster www.watdon.co.uk/the-naturalists Front Cover: Six-spot Burnet. Back cover: Antler Moth KEY Best found L=Light, N=Nectar, S=Sugar, FBD=Flies by day, DBD=Disturbed by day from long veg, low branches, FAR=Found at rest during day on trunks, fence posts etc Size = forewing length in mm Habitat F=Fen, Gr=Grassland, Ga=Garden, H=Hedgerow, M=Moorland, P=Plantation, S=Scrub, W=Woodland