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Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial Facultad De UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA EQUINOCCIAL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y NEGOCIOS ESCUELA DE COMERCIO EXTERIOR E INTEGRACIÓN TESIS PREVIA A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERA EN COMERCIO EXTERIOR E INTEGRACIÓN TEMA: LA INDIA Y SU PROYECCIÓN PARA CONVERTIRSE EN LA TERCERA ECONOMÍA MÁS GRANDE DEL MUNDO EN EL AÑO 2050 AUTORA: ERIKA DEL POZO DIRECTOR DE TESIS: Eco. EDDY SALGADO 2010-2011 QUITO - ECUADOR DECLARACION DE AUTORÌA Declaro bajo juramento que las ideas y opiniones emitidas en la presente Tesis son de exclusiva responsabilidad de la autora. _________________ ERIKA DEL POZO Economista. Eddy Salgado Defranc …………………………. DIRECTOR DE TESIS CERTIFICA: Que la presente Tesis realizada por la egresada Erika del Pozo, sobre el tema: “LA INDIA Y SU PROYECCIÓN PARA CONVERTIRSE EN LA TERCERA ECONOMÍA MÁS GRANDE DEL MUNDO EN EL AÑO 2050” ha sido cuidadosamente revisado por el suscrito, habiendo constatado que cumple con todos los requisitos de forma y de fondo establecidos por la Escuela de Comercio Exterior e Integración de la Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial. Quito, Septiembre 2011 _______________ EL DIRECTOR DEDICATORIA A mi Señor, Jesús, quien me dio la fe, la fortaleza, la salud y la esperanza para terminar este trabajo. A mis padres que desde el cielo me cuidan y celebran conmigo una victoria más; en especial a mi madre María Teresa Mosquera quien con su infinito amor y ejemplo me enseño desde pequeña a luchar para alcanzar mis metas. A mi esposo, Luis Armando Checa, quien me brindó su amor, su cariño, su estímulo y su apoyo constante; su comprensión y paciente espera para que pudiera terminar con mi tesis son evidencia de su gran amor. Muchas Gracias! A mi adorada hija Martina Enoé quien me prestó el tiempo que le pertenecía para terminar y cumplir con un objetivo más de mi vida. Gracias mi princesa hermosa! A mis hermanos los que nunca duraron que lograría este triunfo: María Cristina, Francisco, Milton y Nelly Karina; a mis cuñados y a toda mi familia que de una u otra manera aportaron para culminar con tan importante objetivo. AGRADECIMIENTO A mi Dios por darme salud y vida para cumplir con tan importante objetivo. A mi Director de Tesis Eco. Eddy Salgado Defranc por ser mi guía y maestro desde los inicios de mi profesión además por instruirme con sus conocimientos y hacer de este estudio un aporte exitoso. A mis queridos maestros y compañeros que hicieron de las experiencias vividas dentro de las aulas más provechosas y llevaderas. A mi prestigiosa Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial que me abrió sus puertas para formar parte de profesionales exitosos. A mis queridos amigos del Club UTE Patricio Pozo, Lorena Noboa y Alejandro Gutiérrez; quienes han sido parte muy importante en mi vida personal y profesional para ser una persona de bien. Y a todas las personas que de una u otra manera aportaron en esta etapa muy importante de mi vida. TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. EL PROBLEMA ......................................................................................................... i 1.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ......................................................................... i 1.2. SOLUCION DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................................... i 2. JUSTIFICACION ....................................................................................................... ii 3. OBJETIVOS: ........................................................................................................... iii 3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL: ............................................................................................. iii 3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS: ...................................................................................... iii 4. HIPOTESIS: ............................................................................................................ iv 4.1. HIPOTESIS CENTRAL: ............................................................................................ iv 4.2. HIPOTESIS SECUNDARIAS: .................................................................................... iv 5. METODOLOGIA DE LA INVESTIGACION: ................................................................ v 5.1. METODO DE INVESTIGACION: ............................................................................... v 5.2. RECOPILACION DE DATOS: .................................................................................... v 5.3. FUENTES DE INFORMACION: ................................................................................. v 6. ANTECEDENTES .................................................................................................... vi I. HISTORIA DE LA INDIA: FORMACION Y DESARROLLO DE SU SOCIEDAD Y ECONOMIA PREVIOS A SU INDEPENDENCIA ................................................................................. 1 I.1. HISTORIA PREVIA AL COLONIALISMO INGLES ....................................................... 1 I.1.1. LA CIVILIZACIÓN DEL VALLE INDUS ....................................................................... 1 I.1.1.1. ASENTAMIENTOS ................................................................................................... 1 I.1.1.2. DESARROLLO URBANO .......................................................................................... 2 I.1.1.3. OCUPACIONES ....................................................................................................... 3 I.1.1.4. SOCIEDAD Y RELIGIÓN ........................................................................................... 3 I.1.2. LOS ARIOS Y LA EDAD VÉDICA ............................................................................... 4 I.1.3. ASCENSIÓN DE LAS RELIGIONES Y SURGIMIENTO DEL ESTADO ........................... 6 I.1.3.1. EL BUDISMO Y EL JAINISMO .................................................................................. 6 I.1.3.2. ASCENSIÓN DEL ESTADO ....................................................................................... 7 I.1.3.3. EL IMPERIO MAURYANO ....................................................................................... 7 I.1.4. LA EDAD GUPTA .................................................................................................... 8 I.1.5. INVASIONES MUSULMANAS Y MONGOLAS ........................................................ 10 I.1.5.1. EL IMPERIO MUSULMAN ..................................................................................... 10 I.1.5.2. EL IMPERIO MOGOL ............................................................................................ 12 I.2. EL COLONIALISMO INGLES .................................................................................. 14 I.2.1.1. COMPAÑÍA BRITÁNICA DE LAS INDIAS ORIENTALES (EAST INDIA COMPANY) ... 14 I.2.2. LA COLONIZACION ............................................................................................... 15 I.2.2.1. EL RAJ BRITÁNICO ................................................................................................ 16 I.2.2.2. REBELION DE LOS CIPAYOS.................................................................................. 18 I.3. LA INDEPENDENCIA ............................................................................................. 19 II. SITUACION ECONOMICA ACTUAL DE LA INDIA ................................................... 24 II.1. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) DE ACUERDO A VARIOS CRITERIOS ............. 24 II.1.1. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) NOMINAL .................................................... 24 II.1.2. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) NOMINAL PER CAPITA ................................ 28 II.2. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) POR PARIDAD DEL PODER ADQUISITIVO CON RESPECTO AL MUNDO ................................................................................................................. 29 II.3. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO PER CAPITA POR PARIDAD DEL PODER ADQUISITIVO (PIB PPA) ............................................................................................................... 32 II.3.1. PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) POR SECTORES DE ORIGEN ......................... 35 II.4. SECTOR AGROPECUARIO ..................................................................................... 36 II.5. SECTOR INDUSTRIAL ............................................................................................ 40 II.5.1. ASPECTOS GENERALES ........................................................................................ 43 II.5.2. INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ .................................................................................... 46 II.5.3. INDUSTRIA DEL ALUMINIO .................................................................................. 49 II.5.4. INDUSTRIA AERONAUTICA Y AEROESPACIAL ..................................................... 52 II.5.5. LA INDUSTRIA DEL CEMENTO .............................................................................. 60 II.5.6. Fusiones y adquisiciones en industria del cemento en la India .......................... 63 II.5.6.1. Inversiones recientes en la industria del cemento india ..................................... 64 II.5.7. INDUSTRIA DEL YUTE ........................................................................................... 64 II.5.8. INDUSTRIA PETROQUIMICA ................................................................................ 65 II.5.9. INDUSTRIA DEL ACERO ........................................................................................ 67 II.6. SECTOR SERVICIOS .............................................................................................
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