Hypertext Transfer Protocol Is Used Between the Browser and a Web Server
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Resin 3.2 Reference
Contents 1 Overview 3 1.1 Features - Resin and Resin Professional . .3 2 Installation 11 2.1 Resin Installation Quick Start . 11 2.2 Resin Installation . 16 2.3 Resin Web Server . 16 2.4 Resin with Apache . 22 2.5 Resin with IIS . 34 2.6 How the Plugins Dispatch to Resin . 44 3 Command-Line 47 3.1 Command-Line Configuration . 47 4 Admin Guide 51 4.1 User Guide: Administration . 51 5 Watchdog 63 5.1 Resin Watchdog . 63 6 Virtual Hosts 73 6.1 Virtual Hosting . 73 7 Clustering 89 7.1 Resin Clustering . 89 8 Web Applications 109 8.1 An Overview of Web Applications . 109 9 Logging 137 9.1 Log . 137 10 Administration 163 10.1 Resin Administration . 163 1 CONTENTS 11 Deployment 177 11.1 Packaging/Deployment . 177 12 Proxy Caching 181 12.1 Server Caching . 181 13 Quercus 193 13.1 Quercus: PHP in Java . 193 14 Security 217 14.1 Resin Security . 217 15 Inversion of Control 271 15.1 Resin IoC . 271 15.2 Scheduled Task . 308 16 Amber 327 16.1 Amber . 327 17 Embedding Resin 355 17.1 Embedding Resin . 355 18 Filters 367 18.1 Filters . 367 19 BAM 379 19.1 BAM . 379 20 Comet 405 20.1 Comet/Server-Push Servlet . 405 21 Remoting 411 21.1 Resin Remoting . 411 21.2 Hessian . 417 22 Messaging 423 22.1 Resin Messaging . 423 23 JSF - Java Server Faces 435 23.1 JSF - Java Server Faces . 435 24 Configuration Tags 445 24.1 cluster: Cluster tag configuration . -
Poster: Introducing Massbrowser: a Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses
Poster: Introducing MassBrowser: A Censorship Circumvention System Run by the Masses Milad Nasr∗, Anonymous∗, and Amir Houmansadr University of Massachusetts Amherst fmilad,[email protected] ∗Equal contribution Abstract—We will present a new censorship circumvention sys- side the censorship regions, which relay the Internet traffic tem, currently being developed in our group. The new system of the censored users. This includes systems like Tor, VPNs, is called MassBrowser, and combines several techniques from Psiphon, etc. Unfortunately, such circumvention systems are state-of-the-art censorship studies to design a hard-to-block, easily blocked by the censors by enumerating their limited practical censorship circumvention system. MassBrowser is a set of proxy server IP addresses [14]. (2) Costly to operate: one-hop proxy system where the proxies are volunteer Internet To resist proxy blocking by the censors, recent circumven- users in the free world. The power of MassBrowser comes from tion systems have started to deploy the proxies on shared-IP the large number of volunteer proxies who frequently change platforms such as CDNs, App Engines, and Cloud Storage, their IP addresses as the volunteer users move to different a technique broadly referred to as domain fronting [3]. networks. To get a large number of volunteer proxies, we This mechanism, however, is prohibitively expensive [11] provide the volunteers the control over how their computers to operate for large scales of users. (3) Poor QoS: Proxy- are used by the censored users. Particularly, the volunteer based circumvention systems like Tor and it’s variants suffer users can decide what websites they will proxy for censored from low quality of service (e.g., high latencies and low users, and how much bandwidth they will allocate. -
In Computer Networks, A
Practical No.1 Date:- Title:- Installation of Proxy-Server Windows Server 2003 What is proxy server? In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application program) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server evaluates the request according to its filtering rules. For example, it may filter traffic by IP address or protocol. If the request is validated by the filter, the proxy provides the resource by connecting to the relevant server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxy server may optionally alter the client's request or the server's response, and sometimes it may serve the request wit hout contacting the specified server. In this case, it 'caches' responses from the remote server, and returns subsequent requests for the same content directly . Most proxies are a web proxy, allowing access to content on the World Wide Web. A proxy server has a large variety of potential purposes, including: To keep machines behind it anonymous (mainly for security).[1] To speed up access to resources (using caching). Web proxies are commonly used to cache web pages from a web server.[2] To apply access policy to network services or content, e.g. to block undesired sites. To log / audit usage, i.e. to provide company employee Internet usage reporting. To bypass security/ parental controls. To scan transmitted content for malware before delivery. -
Threat Modeling and Circumvention of Internet Censorship by David Fifield
Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship By David Fifield A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Professor Deirdre Mulligan Professor Vern Paxson Fall 2017 1 Abstract Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship by David Fifield Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Research on Internet censorship is hampered by poor models of censor behavior. Censor models guide the development of circumvention systems, so it is important to get them right. A censor model should be understood not just as a set of capabilities|such as the ability to monitor network traffic—but as a set of priorities constrained by resource limitations. My research addresses the twin themes of modeling and circumvention. With a grounding in empirical research, I build up an abstract model of the circumvention problem and examine how to adapt it to concrete censorship challenges. I describe the results of experiments on censors that probe their strengths and weaknesses; specifically, on the subject of active probing to discover proxy servers, and on delays in their reaction to changes in circumvention. I present two circumvention designs: domain fronting, which derives its resistance to blocking from the censor's reluctance to block other useful services; and Snowflake, based on quickly changing peer-to-peer proxy servers. I hope to change the perception that the circumvention problem is a cat-and-mouse game that affords only incremental and temporary advancements. -
How to Download Torrent Anonymously How to Download Torrent Anonymously
how to download torrent anonymously How to download torrent anonymously. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 66b6c3aaaba884c8 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. Download Torrents Anonymously: 6 Safe And Easy Ways. Who doesn’t want to know how to download torrents anonymously? The thing is, in order to download torrents anonymously you don’t need to have a lot of technical know-how. All you need to download torrents anonymously is some grit and a computer with an internet connection. The technology world never remains the same. In fact, new development and discoveries come to the surface of this industry every day. They also come into the attention of online users every year. Moreover, this allows us to do much more than we could do in the past, in faster and easier ways. A highly relevant aspect to mention at this stage is that: Now we can also download torrents anonymously from best torrent sites. -
World-Wide Web Proxies
World-Wide Web Proxies Ari Luotonen, CERN Kevin Altis, Intel April 1994 Abstract 1.0 Introduction A WWW proxy server, proxy for short, provides access to The primary use of proxies is to allow access to the Web the Web for people on closed subnets who can only access from within a firewall (Fig. 1). A proxy is a special HTTP the Internet through a firewall machine. The hypertext [HTTP] server that typically runs on a firewall machine. server developed at CERN, cern_httpd, is capable of run- The proxy waits for a request from inside the firewall, for- ning as a proxy, providing seamless external access to wards the request to the remote server outside the firewall, HTTP, Gopher, WAIS and FTP. reads the response and then sends it back to the client. cern_httpd has had gateway features for a long time, but In the usual case, the same proxy is used by all the clients only this spring they were extended to support all the within a given subnet. This makes it possible for the proxy methods in the HTTP protocol used by WWW clients. Cli- to do efficient caching of documents that are requested by ents don’t lose any functionality by going through a proxy, a number of clients. except special processing they may have done for non- native Web protocols such as Gopher and FTP. The ability to cache documents also makes proxies attrac- tive to those not inside a firewall. Setting up a proxy server A brand new feature is caching performed by the proxy, is easy, and the most popular Web client programs already resulting in shorter response times after the first document have proxy support built in. -
TRANSPORT LAYER SECURITY (TLS) Lokesh Phani Bodavula
TRANSPORT LAYER SECURITY (TLS) Lokesh Phani Bodavula October 2015 Abstract 1 Introduction The security of Electronic commerce is completely in the hands of Cryptogra- phy. Most of the transactions through e-commerce sites, auction sites, on-line banking, stock trading and many more are exchanged over the network. SSL or TLS are the additional layers that are required in order to obtain authen- tication, privacy and integrity for all kinds of communication going through network. This paper focuses on the additional layer (TLS) which is responsi- ble for the whole communication. Transport Layer Security is a protocol that is responsible for offering privacy between the communicating applications and their users on Internet. TLS is inserted between the application layer and the network layer-where the session layer is in the OSI model TLS, however, requires a reliable transport channel-typically TCP. 2 History Instead of the end-to-end argument and the S-HTTP proposal the developers at Netscape Communications introduced an interesting secured connection concept of low-layer and high-layer security. For achieving this type of security there em- ployed a new intermediate layer between the transport layer and the application layer which is called as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL is the starting stage for the evolution of different transport layer security protocols. Technically SSL protocol is assigned to the transport layer because of its functionality is deeply inter-winded with the one of a transport layer protocol like TCP. Coming to history of Transport layer protocols as soon as the National Center for Super- computing Application (NCSA) released the first popular Web browser called Mosaic 1.0 in 1993, Netscape Communications started working on SSL protocol. -
Enhanced Virtual Hosting Avi Networks — Technical Reference (20.1)
Page 1 of 9 Enhanced Virtual Hosting Avi Networks — Technical Reference (20.1) Enhanced Virtual Hosting view online Overview This guide explains the usage of enhanced virtual hosting (EVH). This will help in enabling the virtual hosting on virtual service irrespective of SNI. Virtual service can be of two main types, namely, * Non-virtual hosting enabled virtual service * Virtual hosting enabled virtual service Non-Virtual Hosting enabled Virtual Service If you uncheck Virtual Hosting VS checkbox, in Virtual Service window, then that particular virtual service would be non- virtual hosting enabled virtual service. Virtual Hosting enabled Virtual Service SNI Virtual Hosting Virtual service have a configuration option to enable virtual hosting support. Enabling this option within a virtual service indicates the virtual service is a parent or child of another service, in a server name indication (SNI) deployment. Server Name Indication, or SNI, is a method of virtual hosting multiple domain names for an SSL enabled virtual IP. For more details on virtual hosting enabled virtual service, refer to Server Name Indication, Wildcard SNI Matching for Virtual Hosting user guides. Enhanced Virtual Hosting Virtual service have a configuration option to enable virtual hosting support. Enabling this option within a virtual service indicates the virtual service is a parent or child of another service. If the type of a virtual service is either parent or child, it is considered a virtual hosting enabled virtual service. Copyright © 2021 Avi Networks, Inc. Page 2 of 9 Enhanced Virtual Hosting Avi Networks — Technical Reference (20.1) The virtual service placement for EVH service follow the same conditions as SNI parent child. -
Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network
Emin Çalışkan, Tomáš Minárik, Anna-Maria Osula Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network Tallinn 2015 This publication is a product of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (the Centre). It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of the Centre or NATO. The Centre may not be held responsible for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication and is not responsible for the content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. Digital or hard copies of this publication may be produced for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non- profit and non-commercial purpose, provided that copies bear a full citation. www.ccdcoe.org [email protected] 1 Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Tor and Internet Filtering Circumvention ....................................................................................... 4 2.1. Technical Methods .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Proxy ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Tunnelling/Virtual Private Networks ............................................................................... 5 -
The Measured Access Characteristics of World-Wide-Web Client Proxy Caches
The following paper was originally published in the Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems Monterey, California, December 1997 The Measured Access Characteristics of World-Wide-Web Client Proxy Caches Bradley M. Duska, David Marwood, and Michael J. Feeley University of British Columbia For more information about USENIX Association contact: 1. Phone: 510 528-8649 2. FAX: 510 548-5738 3. Email: [email protected] 4. WWW URL:http://www.usenix.org/ The Measured Access Characteristics of World-Wide-Web Client Proxy Caches Bradley M. Duska, David Marwood, and Michael J. Feeley Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia g fbduska,marwood,feeley @cs.ubc.ca Abstract three fronts. The ®rst is to scale Web servers to handle the increasing demands being placed on them. The sec- The growing popularity of the World Wide Web is plac- ond is to ensure that the Internet itself will scale by con- ing tremendous demands on the Internet. A key strategy tinuing to increase its capacity and by deploying new net- for scaling the Internet to meet these increasing demands work technologies. The third is to focus on the clients: is to cache data near clients and thus improve access la- Web browsers and a hierarchy of proxy servers to which tency and reduce network and server load. Unfortunately, they may be connected. research in this area has been hampered by a poor un- Client-side solutions such as caching and prefetching derstanding of the locality and sharing characteristics of are attractive because they improve the performance of Web-client accesses. -
SSL EVERYWHERE Application and Web Security, Many Websites Still Have Weak Best Practices for Improving Enterprise Security Implementations of SSL/TLS
SOLUTION BRIEF CHALLENGES • Even with recent focus on SSL EVERYWHERE application and web security, many websites still have weak Best Practices for improving enterprise security implementations of SSL/TLS. without impacting performance • Main reasons for weak SSL Although increased attention has been focused on application and web security implementations include lack recently, many websites still have weak implementations of Secure Socket Layer of infrastructure and browser (SSL) / Transport Layer Security (TLS). Lack of infrastructure and browser support, support, performance penalty, and performance penalty, and implementation complexity have been the primary implementation complexity. reasons for the dearth of stronger SSL implementations. However, with recent • Legacy hardware load balancers advances in the SSL protocol, as well as significant performance improvements of cannot scale elastically, and are SSL on commodity x86 platforms, stronger SSL can be – and should be – everywhere. capped at speeds that are punitively Avi Networks Application Delivery Controller (ADC) natively supports these new tied to acquisition costs. capabilities to maximize application security without sacrificing performance. SOLUTION • The Avi Vantage Platform natively NEW ACRONYMS IN THE WORLD OF SSL implements server name indication Server Name Indication (SNI) (SNI) infrastructure, HTTP Strict Virtual hosting with SSL is a chicken-and-egg problem. The client sends an SSL Transport Security (HSTS), RSA and Hello, and the server must send back the SSL public key. If there are multiple Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) domain names attached to the same IP address, a client that supports Server Name certificates, and Perfect Forward Indication (SNI) sends the hello along with the requested domain name. The server Secrecy (PFS) with point-and-click can now send back the proper SSL response. -
What Is SOCKS?
Version 2.0 What is SOCKS? An explanation of the SOCKS protocol and application proxy gateway systems B. Scott Wilson, CISSP IBM Global Services, Network Services What is SOCKS? ! SOCKS is a generic proxy protocol for TCP/IP-based networking applications. ! The SOCKS protocol provides a flexible framework for developing secure communications by easily integrating other security technologies. 2 How does it Work? ! When an application client needs to connect to an application server, the client machine connects to a SOCKS proxy server. The proxy server connects to the application server on behalf of the client, and relays data between the client and the application server. ! For the application server, the proxy server is the client. 3 The SOCKS Protocol ! SOCKS version 5 is an IETF approved standard protocol implementation (RFC 1928). ! SOCKS includes two components, the SOCKS server and the SOCKS client. The SOCKS server is implemented at the application layer, while the SOCKS client is implemented between the application and transport layers (see next slide). ! The basic purpose of the protocol is to enable hosts on one side of a SOCKS server to gain access to hosts on the other side of a SOCKS Server, without requiring direct “IP-reachability”. 4 SOCKS and the OSI Layer Model 5 Functions of SOCKS ! The SOCKS protocol performs four functions: " Making connection requests " Setting up proxy circuits " Relaying application data " Performing user authentication (optional) 6 Features of SOCKS ! Transparent network access across multiple proxy servers ! Easy deployment of authentication and encryption methods ! Rapid deployment of new network applications ! Simple network security policy management 7 Benefits of SOCKS ! A single communication protocol authenticates users and establishes the communication channel ! SOCKS is application independent ! Can be used with either UDP or TCP based protocols; even supports redirection of ICMP! ! Bi-directional support and intrinsic NAT, for added security and anti-spoofing.