Jerusalem: Facts and Trends
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JE R U S A L E M JERUSALEM INSTITUTE : F FOR ISRAEL STUDIES A C T Jerusalem: Facts and Trends oers a concise, up-to-date picture of the S A N current state of aairs in the city as well as trends in a wide range of D T R areas: population, employment, education, tourism, construction, E N D and more. S The primary source for the data presented here is The Statistical 2014 Yearbook of Jerusalem, which is published annually by the Jerusalem JERUSALEM: FACTS AND TRENDS Institute for Israel Studies and the Municipality of Jerusalem, with the support of the Jerusalem Development Authority (JDA) and the Leichtag Family Foundation (United States). Michal Choshen, Korach Maya The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (JIIS), founded in 1978, Maya Choshen, Michal Korach is a non-prot institute for policy studies. The mission of JIIS is to create a database, analyze trends, explore alternatives, and present policy recommendations aimed at improving decision-making processes and inuencing policymaking for the benet of the general public. The main research areas of JIIS are the following: Jerusalem studies in the urban, demographic, social, economic, physical, and geopolitical elds of study; Policy studies on environmental issues and sustainability; Policy studies on growth and innovation; The study of ultra-orthodox society. Jerusalem Institute 2014 for Israel Studies The Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., Jerusalem 9218604 Tel.: +972-2-563-0175 Fax: +972-2-563-9814 Email: [email protected] Website: www.jiis.org 438 Board of Directors Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Dan Halperin, Chairman of the Board Avraham Asheri David Brodet Ruth Cheshin Prof. Sergio DellaPergola Raanan Dinur Prof. Hanoch Gutfreund Dr. Ariel Halperin Amb. Sallai Meridor Dina Rachevsky Gil Rivush Dr. Ehud Shapira Dr. Emanuel Sharon Amb. Mark Sofer Prof. Ilan Solomon Director-General: Meir Kraus This Publication was made possible with the support of the Jerusalem Foundation Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Jerusalem: Facts and Trends 2014 The State of the City and Changing Trends Maya Choshen, Michal Korach This Publication was made possible with the support of the Jerusalem Foundation 2014 Publication No. 438 Jerusalem: Facts and Trends 2014 Maya Choshen, Michal Korach With the participation of: Inbal Doron, Yael Israeli, Yair Assaf-Shapira, Yoad Shahar, Dafna Shemer and Lisa Perlman Translation from Hebrew to English: Sandra Fine © 2014, Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., 9218604 Jerusalem http://www.jiis.org.il http://www.jiis.org Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................. 5 About the Authors ........................................................................................................... 9 Area ................................................................................................................................ 11 Population ...................................................................................................................... 11 Population size ................................................................................................................ 11 Geographical distribution of the population ................................................................... 13 Population growth ........................................................................................................... 15 Population age ................................................................................................................. 16 Sources of population growth ...................................................................................... 22 Births ............................................................................................................................... 22 Mortality ......................................................................................................................... 25 Natural increase .............................................................................................................. 28 Aliya ................................................................................................................................ 30 Internal migration ............................................................................................................ 32 Migration within Jerusalem ............................................................................................ 36 Characteristics of the family unit ................................................................................ 38 Households ...................................................................................................................... 38 Level of religious identification ...................................................................................... 39 Marriage and divorce ...................................................................................................... 41 Single-parent families ..................................................................................................... 42 Standard of living and well-being ................................................................................ 43 Extent of poverty ............................................................................................................. 43 Ownership of durable goods ........................................................................................... 44 Monthly expenditure on consumption ............................................................................ 45 Housing density .............................................................................................................. 46 Employment .................................................................................................................. 47 Rate of participation in the labor force ........................................................................... 47 Rate of participation in the labor force by level of religious identification .................... 50 Employees ....................................................................................................................... 51 Income and salaries ......................................................................................................... 53 Job satisfaction ................................................................................................................ 56 Business and Industry................................................................................................... 57 Active businesses ............................................................................................................ 57 Business openings and closings ...................................................................................... 59 Business survival ............................................................................................................ 61 Industry ........................................................................................................................... 62 Education ....................................................................................................................... 64 The education system in Jerusalem ................................................................................. 64 Hebrew education ........................................................................................................... 65 Arab education ................................................................................................................ 66 Eligibility for matriculation ........................................................................................... 67 Higher education ............................................................................................................. 69 Housing and Construction ........................................................................................... 72 Apartments ...................................................................................................................... 72 Apartment prices ............................................................................................................. 74 Profile of the Purchasers ................................................................................................. 76 Construction starts .......................................................................................................... 76 Construction completed .................................................................................................. 77 Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 80 Tourist hotels ................................................................................................................... 80 Guests and overnight stays .............................................................................................. 80 West Jerusalem – East Jerusalem .................................................................................... 81 Jerusalem compared to select Israeli cities ..................................................................... 83 Profile of the tourists ....................................................................................................... 85 Elections of the Mayor of Jerusalem and the City Council....................................... 86 Elections