Travelogues of England in Urdu Language: Trends and Tradition

Zeba Yasmeen 1,a , Qamar Abbas 2, Mujahid Abbas 3, Farooq Ahmad 4, Dua Qamar 5

1 Principal / HOD Department of Urdu, Govt. Degree College (W), Mankera, Bhakkar, Pakistan, 2,5 Department of Urdu, Govt. Postgraduate College, Bhakkar, Pakistan, 3Department of Urdu, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, 4Punjab Higher Education Department, GICCL, Lahore, Pakistan

Received: November 26, 2016 Accepted: January 17, 2017 ABSTRACT

England has a great importance for Urdu speaking areas because of its rule on Indian areas in previous centuries. Many of Pakistani and Indian travelers go there for educational, political and visiting purposes. In Pakistan people follow English language of England. English literature has also a great influence on Urdu literature, especially modern literature bases on Western literature and thoughts. Because of these factors England has a great attraction for Urdu writes and they have written very important travelogues about the visit of this country. KEYWORDS : Urdu Literature, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Travelogues of England, Urdu Travelogue trends,

1. INTRODUCTION

England is one of those countries having a large number of travelogues written about which. Very interesting and informative travelogues have been written about this country. They have all kinds of information about its system, administration, culture, civilization, religious thoughts, educational system, its building structures, public places, language and literature, industry, clubs and cinemas, play lands, parks and museums. Different travelogue writers have different writing styles while writing about visit of England. Travelogues of England are important due to informative nature and having literary touch.

2. URDU TRAVELOGUES OF ENGLAND

Most of the travelogues of England fully describe this country. Some are partial travelogues of this country which have detail of the visit of other countries as well. Many tourists visited European countries collectively. Here is a brief description of some important travelogues of England written in Urdu language.

2.1. UFAQ TA BA UFAQ BY DR. AGHA SOHAIL

Dr. Agha Sohail visited London, Birmingham, Leeds, New Castle, cities of England and has written details of this visit in his travelogue ‘Ufaq Ta Ba Ufaq’. He also visited Turkey and Mutahida Arab Emirates in the same tour. He visited historical places there and described history related to these places. He included information about the visited areas in a light mode (Sohail, 1990).

2.2. SEAT BELT BY AFTAB IQBAL

It is travelogue of England and America. He went to London and Washington for the purpose of education. He observed life in these cities and described culture and civilization of these cities in his travelogue ‘Seat Belt’. There is a mixture of humour and serious writing. He described life routines and problems of Pakistanis living in these areas. He has also thrown light on politics and history of England and America (Iqbal, 1990).

2.3. AWARA GARD KI DIARY BY IBNE INSHA

Ibne insha visited different countries of the world on the invitation of UNESCO in 1967. These countries were: France, England, Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Viana, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria. He included visiting experiences of this tour in his travelogue ‘Awara Gard Ki Diary’. It is a pure humourous travelogue with a blend of aCorresponding Author : Zeba Yasmeen, Principal / HOD Department of Urdu, Govt. Degree College (W), Mankera, Bhakkar, Pakistan. +923336839134, Email: [email protected]

211 Yasmeen, et al., 2017 information of different kinds about visiting areas. He created humour from the events of his travel. He also inserted verses of famous Urdu poets for giving a literary touch to his writing. Cartoons and pictures of important places are also included (Insha, Awara Gard Ki Diary, 1987). ‘Ibne Batota Ky Taaqub Main’ is also a travelogue of Ibne Insha in which he has written about the visit of England. Writing style of this travelogue is same as in his first travelogue. Main characteristic of his writing style is its humourous attitude towards simple events of life (Insha, Ibne Batota Ky Taaqub Main, 1986). The other travelogue of Ibne Insha ‘Nagri Nagri Phira Musafir’ has also some detail of England tour. In this travelogue there are his experiences of his tour to England, Japan and Russia. In this travelogue main portion is about the description of the visit to Japan (Insha, Nagri Nagri Phira Musafir, 1989).

2.4. MUSAFIR KI DIARY BY KHAWJA AHMED ABBAS

In this travelogue Khawja Ahmed Abbas narrated his experiences about visit to Japan, Singapur, China, Hong Kong, Canada, America, France, Switzerland, Germany, Turkey and Iraq. He traveled in these areas in 1937 only for visiting purpose. He included life and activities of night clubs in these countries of world, their culture and civilization and daily routine of life. He also exposed Global Conspiracy with reference to these countries (Ahmed Abbas, 1940).

2.5. DHANAK PAR QADAM BY BEGUM AKHTAR RIAZ UD DIN

Begum Akhtar Riaz ud Din went to England, Hawaii, America and Hong Kong with her husband and children. Purpose of their visit was job and education. It was not a single visit but a series of visits for her husband’s job and she improved her education in these visits by joining important educational institutions with these countries. She described her relations to the people of these areas and their daily life activities. She has also given a psychological analysis of these people (Akhtar Riaz ud Din, Dhanak Par Qadam, 1976). Her second travelogue ‘Saat Samandar Par’ is also about visit of England along with of some other countries of the world. In this travelogue, discussed countries are: Japan, Russia, Egypt, America and England. Here her husband and children were also with her. Social, cultural and political information is being presented in this travelogue in a light mode (Akhtar Riaz ud Din, Saat Samandar Par, 1983).

2.6. SER O SAFAR BY BEGUM AKHTAR RIAZ SHEIKH

She visited many countries of world with her husband as his business secretary. Visited countries were: Hong Kong, China, Saudi Arabia, East Pakistan, Switzerland, Lebanon, France, West Germany, Turkey, Iran, Syria, Poland, Canada, Italy, America and England. In the form of diary she wrote daily routine of their business tour, business conferences and other related matters. Detail of participation in different exhibitions and visit of important tourism places is also a part of travelogue. The period of this business tour was 1968 (Akhtar Riaz ud Din, Saat Samandar Par, 1983).

2.7. ZAMANA SAFAR MAIN HAY BY DR. ASAD ARAIB

Dr. Asad Araib visited different countries of world for Islamic missionary purpose. Visited countries were: Holland, Germany, Belgium, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and England. It is an informative travelogue in which information about culture, civilization, politics, religious thoughts and life style of the people are included (Araib, 1988).

2.8. MERA SAFAR BY AMIR KHANAM

Amir Khanam visited different countries. The purpose of this visit was her treatment. She went to Egypt, Austria, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Belgium and England. She has described details of her visit in the form of diary. She included information of household nature during his journey. She was astonished by seeing modern glimpses of life there. She especially described the life style of visited areas (Khanam).

2.9. ZOQ E DASH NAWARDI BY DR. A.B. ASHRAF

It is a collection of different articles of Dr. A.B. Ashraf, written by him during the visit of many countries of the world. His visit was due to his job in these countries. Period of this job tour was from 1983 to 1988. He went to

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England, Greece, Qabrus, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Jordan and Iraq. He narrated the story of his meeting with the public of these countries. He visited historical places and described a brief history of these places in his own words (Ashraf D. A., 1994).

2.10. AAINA E SIKANDARI BY BABO AMA SHANKAR

Visited areas in this travelogue are England, Germany and France. He visited these areas in 1986 and described life of these counties in those times. He described details of invitations, visits of museums, exhibitions participation details, his visit to gardens, libraries, factories and important buildings. He has written in his travelogue practical instructions about visit and its Manners (Ama Shankar, 1887).

2.11. BARAH E RAST BY BUSHRA REHMAN

Bushra Rehman visited countries of France, America, Italy, Canada and England. She is an important writer of Urdu language. Her literary taste is obvious in her travelogue. She has light interesting style of writing. She has written every day routine of her visit in a beautiful literary style. She described culture and social life of England and other visited countries beautifully (Rehman, 1983).

2.12. PARIS O PARAS BY SURYA HUSSAIN

She got admission in Boson University for the purpose of her doctorate. This travelogue is about that educational visit and also it has details of his second visit to European countries. She visited these countries in 1960 and 1982. During her educational period her hostel life’s details are included in travelogue. She described literary environment of these places. Historical background of visited countries in also found in detail. She has written her relations with different peoples in her journey (Hussain, 1988).

2.13. MODERN IBNE BATOTA BY JAVED IQBAL CARTOONIST

The countries of this travelogue are: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and England. He visited these countries in 1974. His style of narration is humourous. He is basically a cartoonist and analyses events of life in the prospective of his field of interest. He has given the details of his journey in a light humourous style which has fun and entertainment in it. He included many of his cartoon sketches at different places of travelogue. Modern Columbus is also his travelogue of England, America, Canada, Kuwait and France. His same style of writing is found in this travelogue (Iqbal Cartoonist, 1992).

2.14. AWARGI BY JAVED DANISH

Javed Danish visited America, France and England in 1982. This travelogue is the story of that visit. He keenly observed these areas and described his observations in this travelogue. Style of his travelogue is informative. He comments on the life and behavior of the people of these countries (Danish, 1987).

2.15. HARY SAMANDRON KA SAFAR BY HASSAN RIZVI

He visited the countries of Russia, Norway, Germany and England for participation in different cultural, intellectual and literary activities. He described his meetings with writers and included reports of literary functions. His stay at different places and meeting with public personalities are also presented in it. He included description of culture and social life of people in a light humourous style (Rizvi, 1995).

2.16. GIRTAY PATTAY BY HUSSAIN SHAHID

Hussain Shahid visited described countries for business and tourism purpose. These countries are: Holland, Iran, Kuwait, Turkey, Lebanon and England. His style of writing is very informative. He included historical and other kind of information. He has also given a comparison of visited areas with that of Pakistani culture and social life. He extends his details of visits with his writing power (Shahid).

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2.17. KHAWB KHAWB SAFAR BY RAM LAL

Ram Lal visited America, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and England in 1978 on the invitation of his friend Harcharan Chawla. He described life and activities of the people of that areas, interesting and strange events of his visit and accidents he faced. He also described situation of Immigrants in these areas. We find a real and true picture of western society in this travelogue (Lal, 1983).

2.18. AUR NEEL BEHTA RAHA BY RAFIQUE DOGAR

It is a humourous travelogue of Rafique Dogar. He visited the cities of London and Manchester of England, Paris of France and Cairo of Egypt. His dialogues with different peoples during journey are very interesting and informative. He visited historical and recreational places there and described detail of these visits in a charming style. He provided very useful information about visited places (Dogar, 1990).

2.19. GORI DHARTI KALAY LOG BY SALEEM KHAN GUMI

He traveled in London from 18 February to 18 May 1978. He visited this city for the training sound broadcasting organized by BBC London. In the form of diary he preserved his feelings and experiences in this travelogue. In this travelogue there are bunches of different kinds of information about visited places. He included jokes of Sikh community in his travelogue (Gumi, 1991).

2.20. AWAGON BY SHEEN FARUKH

Sheen Farukh visited cities of Edinburgh and Birmingham of England, Paris of France, Bonn of Germany, Rom of Italy. She also visited Switzerland in this trip. She was mostly interested in historical places and explained the history of these places in her travelogue. She also visited the places which have some relation with literature and literary personalities (Farukh, 1988).

2.21. SAFARNAMA E SHAMIM BY PANDIT SHEW NARAIN SHAMIM

He visited India, Sari Lanka, France and England from 1922 to 1928. His visit was for missionary purpose and he preached Hinduism during his traveling. This is why in his travelogue religious factors are dominant and his religious thoughts are prevailing all over the travelogue. His feelings about the temporary life emerge from every event of this travelogue (Narain Shamim, 1952).

2.22. ARZ E PAK SY DIYAR E FARANG TAK BY DR. IBADAT BRELVI

Dr. Ibadat Brelvi spent five years in London. He served as a teacher at School of Oriental Studies of London University. He has written details of his visit in a narrative style. He described his activities in the University. He explained in his travelogue the life style of native people of London, their culture, their civilization and their routine of daily life (Barelvi).

2.23. SAFARNAM E MAQAMAT E MUQADSA E EUROPE BY ABDUL HAMEED KHAN

The travelogue writer went for his journey of hajj with his wife in 1945. In this journey they also visited Iraq, Syria, Philistine, Turkey, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Belgium, England, France and Egypt. They visited holy religious places and historical buildings during their visit. He has also written history of these places in an informative style (Khan A. H., 1969).

2.24. NAQSH E FARANG BY QAZI ABDUL GHAFAR

In 1931 a delegation of six persons went to Europe for certain purposes. They visited England, France and Vatican City. In this travelogue Qazi Abdul Ghafar narrated defects of western civilization and expressed a feeling of sorrow for it. He included activities of delegation and their meeting with different personalities for their purpose. He also explained the causes of Muslim nation’s decline in the world (Abdul Ghafar, 1924).

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2.25. LONDON MAIN PHOL BY AZIZ ALVI

It is the travelogue of his visit to London city. In London, he stayed in the house of his brother for some weeks. He visited London city and its surroundings there. This travelogue has a fictional touch in it. He described his friendship with Magi and then their separation in a romantic style. Humour is also present there (Alvi, 1988).

2.26. GORON KY DES MAIN BY AMJAD ISLAM AMJAD

Amjad Islam Amjad started his journey with her wife and fellows Khalid Ahmed and Hassan Rizvi. This tour was of literary kind. They participated in literary functions and met famous Urdu poets and literary personalities. They visited historical and important places. Writing style of this travelogue is humourous and interesting. Visited countries were: England, France, Germany, Denmark, Norway and Holland (Qasmi, 1991). There are many Urdu travelogues of England which have numerous trends and styles. Some of other travelogues are: ‘Zamana e tehsil’ by Atiya Faizi (Faizi, 1922), ‘Ajaebat e Farang’ and ‘Zara Englistan Tak’ by Ali Sufian Afaqi (Afaqi, 1993), ‘Chal Baba Aglay Shehr’ by Ghulam us Saqlain Naqvi (Naqvi, 1993), ‘Dunya Mera Gaon’ by Khawja Ghulam us Syedain (Ghulam us Syedain, 1985), ‘Niklay Shouq e Safar Par’ by Ghulam Abbas Waraich (Waraich, 1994), ‘Gardish Main Paon’ by Fakhar Zaman (Zaman), ‘Siyahat Nama’ by Nawab Karim Khan (Karim ud Din), ‘Safar Hay Shart’ by Kousar Niazi (Niazi, 1992), ‘Tazkarah e Englistan’ by Gulazar Ahmed (Ahmed, 1954), ‘Safar Ashna’ by Gopi Chand Narang (Narang, 1982), ‘London Sy Adab Arz’ by Agha Muhammad Ashraf (Ashraf A. M., 1942) and ‘Baslamat Ravi’ by Muhammad Khan (Khan M. , 1989).

SUMMARY

England is the most charming country for the writers of Pakistan and India. Most of the students visit this country due to high quality educational facilities. Literary persons, politicians, religious scholars and peoples from other fields of life have interest in this country. This country, about which there is the largest number of Urdu travelogues. These travelogues have different writing styles according to the interests of their writers. Many of these travelogues are very important due to their informative and literary nature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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