New apodid holothurians (Holothurioidea, ) from the New Caledonian continental slope collected during "BIOGEOCAL" expedition 1987

Alexei SMIRNOV Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaia nab, 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia

ABSTRACT This report contains a taxonomic note on the genera Taeniogyrus and Trochodota and a description of four new species of apodid holothurians, col­ KEYWORDS lected between 595 and 1675 m depth from the Loyalty Islands basin, New Apodid holothurians, Caledonia: Trochodota neocaledonica n.sp., Rynkatorpa coriolisi n.sp., new species, continental slope, Labidoplax georgii n.sp., and Prototrocbus belyaevi n.sp. Another specimen is New Caledonia. described as Myriotrochus sp.

RÉSUMÉ Quatre espèces, nouvelles pour la science, d'holothuries apodes (Holothurioidea, Apodida) du bassin des îles Loyauté, Nouvelle-Calédonie sont décrites : Trochodota neocaledonica n.sp., Rynkatorpa coriolisi n.sp., MOTS CLES Labidoplax georgii n.sp. et Prototrocbus belyaevi n.sp. Un échantillon est décrit Holothuries apodes, comme Myriotrochus sp. Les espèces ont été récoltées entre 595 et 1675 m de nouvelles espèces, talus continental, profondeur. Cet article contient aussi une note taxonomique sur les genres Nouvelle-Calédonie. Taeniogyrus et Trochodota.

1997 • 19(1) 15 Smirnov A.

The apodous holothurians from the continental species with serrations on the inner margin of the slope of central Pacific have been studied insuffi­ wheels arranged in groups. Rowe transferred all ciently. Only two species have been described up the other species of the genus Trochodota to the to date: Myriotrochus bathibius and M. giganteus. genus Taeniogyrus. However, Hernandez (1981: In recent papers on holothurians from the 156, fig. 4c) has published a SEM micrograph of Philippines (Cherbonnier & Feral 1981) and the wheel of T. purpurea (Lesson, 1830), the type Indonesia (Massin 1987; Massin & Darsano species of the genus Trochodota, which revealed 1989) apodids were not recorded from the conti­ that serrations of the inner rim are continuous nental slope, so this collection of apodids in the and do not form groups. My own studies of the New Caledonia region is of undeniable interest. wheels of 77 purpurea confirmed the data of The present paper gives a description of four new Hernandez. Thus, the main taxonomic character species of apodid holothurians and one used by Rowe to define the genus is not present Myriotrochus sp. The holothurians were collected in the type species of this genus. In the light of between 595 and 1675 m depth during the expe­ present knowledge Clark's system itself needs dition "BIOGEOCAL" in New Caledonia. The revision. Nevertheless, I propose to use Clark's expedition, on R.V. Coriolis, took samples South system until these two genera are revised. of Noumea in the Loyalty Islands basin from In this study the following species are considered 7 April to 7 May 1987 (Cotillon & Monniot to be in the genus Trochodota Ludwig, 1882: 1987; Richer de Forges 1990). Apodids were col­ Holothuria (Fistularia) purpurea Lesson, 1830 lected at six stations: five samples were taken by (type species); Chirodota dunedinensis Parker, usnel box-corer and one by beam trawl. Unfor­ 1881; C. japonica von Marenzeller, 1881; tunately, all the specimens are damaged and C. venusta Semon, 1887; Taeniogyrus allani known only from pieces of the anterior part of the Joshua, 1912; Trochodotaroebuckijosb.ua, 1914; body, which does not allow a complete description T. rosea Ohshima, 1914; T. diasema H. L. Clark, of morphology and anatomy. Nevertheless, the 1921; T. maculata H. L. Clark, 1921; T. dendyi form of the calcareous ossicles, which are the main Mortensen, 1925; T. shepherdi Rowe, 1976; features used in apodid , makes possible T. mira Cherbonnier, 1988; T. vivipara the description of new species. Cherbonnier, 1988; 77 inexpectata A. Smirnov, 1989 and questionably 77 havelockensis Rao, 1975.

Family CHIRIDOTIDAE Ostergren, 1898 Trochodota neocaledonica n.sp. (Fig. 1A-C) TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GENERA Taeniogyrus Semper, 1868 AND ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named after the New Trochodota Ludwig, 1892 Caledonian region. Among chiridotid genera only two, Taeniogyrus MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype from New and Trochodota, possess a combination of wheels Caledonia, Loyalty Islands basin, stn KG201, and sigmoids in the body wall, but the relation­ 22°40'S - 166°33'E, depth 595 m, usnel box-corer, ships between these two genera remain obscure. stored in the MNHN, Paris, No. EcHh 8002. Clark (1907, 1921) in his revision of these gene­ ra has referred to Trochodota the species with DESCRIPTION "wheels not gathered in papillae, scattered in the The holotype is a fragment of the anterior part skin, often numerous enough to be crowded into of body, 9 mm long. Its width varies from 1 mm ill-defined heaps, sometimes so scattered as to be anteriorly to 0.7 mm posteriorly. The anterior easily overlooked", whilst in Taeniogyrus he part is swollen and curved, so that mouth is found included the species with "wheels gathered into on side of body (Fig. 1A). The skin is semi- sharply defined papillae" (see Clark 1921: 165). transparent; the colour in alcohol is yellowish. Rowe (1976) restricted the genus Trochodota to Ten tentacles, strongly contracted so that four

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) 16 New holothurians from New Caledonia

digits are visible on only one tentacle. Details of in length (mean = 71.4, n = 56, std = 9.30); calcareous ring are not available due to poor small ones (40-55 pm) are rare. Only two wheels condition of the specimens. were found. Wheels are of typical chiridotid type Ossicles of body wall comprise sigmoids and with six spokes and serrations evenly distributed wheels. Sigmoids (Fig. 1C) are numerous, scatte­ along inner margin (Fig. IB). Diameter of red throughout body wall, but not arranged in wheels is 38 and 40 pm. Inner rim of larger one groups or found in papillae. They are 40-90 um bears forty-eight serrations.

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) 17 Smirnov A.

TABLE 1. — Ossicle sizes of some species of the genus Trochodota. Values in parentheses correspond to means.

Species Wheels diameter Sigmoids length Source um um

T. allani (Joshua, 1912) 33-216 120-150 Rowe 1976 T. diasema H. L. Clark, 1921 75-130 95-130 Clark 1921 T. dunedinensis (Parker, 1881) 60-160 (100) 100 Pawson1963 T. inexpectata A. Smirnov, 1989 67-112 (95) 67-100 (88) Smirnov 1989 T. maculata H. L. Clark, 1921 50-100 (70-80) 66-77 Clark 1921 T. mira Cherbonnier, 1988 48-73 96-107 Cherbonnier 1988 T. neocaledonica n.sp. 38-40 40-90 (71) present paper T. venusta (Semon, 1887) <80 <100 Semon1887 T. vivipara Cherbonnier, 1988 32-36 41-43 Cherbonnier 1988 T. purpurea (Lesson, 1830) 130-180 120-130 Pawson1964 T. roebucki Joshua, 1914 80 120-140 (130) Joshua 1914 T. rosea Ohshima, 1914 37-105 80-95 Ohshima 1914 T. shepherdi Rowe, 1976 84-216 144-190 Rowe1976

RELATIONSHIPS are perforated (Fig. 2B). The new species differs from T. japónica (von Tentacular rods lay in two rows in the outer and Marenzeller, 1881) and T. dendyi Mortensen, inner parts of tentacles, rod axis being more or 1925 by lacking the groups of sigmoids occur­ less perpendicular to the tentacle axis (Fig. 2C). ring in papillae (see Ohshima 1913; Mortensen Rods in the digits lay parallel to digit axis 1925). T. neocaledonica n.sp. differs from the (Fig. 2C). Rods from the outer part of tentacles other species of the genus by the very small num­ (Fig. 2E) are the largest (75-113 pm long), often ber of wheels and by the size of ossicles (Table 1). with swollen perforated ends with one to seven perforations. Rods from the inner part (Fig. 2F) are 67-82 pm in length, with ends forked or with a single perforation. Rods from digits (Fig. 2 D), Family SYNAPTIDAE Burmeister, 1837 55-67 pm long, are similar to rods from inner Rynkatorpa coriolisi n.sp. sides of tentacles. (Fig. 2A-H) Ossicles from body wall comprise anchors and ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named after the R.V. anchor plates. Anchors (Fig. 2H) bear three to Coriolis, research vessel of the BIOGEOCAL expedition. five teeth on the arms; stocks unbranched,

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype from New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands basin, 12.IV.1987, stn CP232, 21°33'81S - 166°27'07E to 21°34'04S - TABLE 2. — Parameters of anchors and anchor plates in 166°27'34E, depth 595 m, beam-trawl, stored in the Rynkatorpa coriolisi n.sp. MNHN, Paris, No. EcHh 8006. Parameter Mean Std Min. Max. DESCRIPTION Anchor (n = 10) The holotype is a fragment of the anterior part Length, urn 178.2 10.00 163 193 of body, 8 mm long (Fig. 2A). Its width varies Breadth across from 2.2 mm anteriorly to 1 mm posteriorly. the arm, pm 85.3 5.58 75 93 Length/breadth 2.09 0.10 1.90 2.27 The skin is semi-transparent and the colour in alcohol is yellowish. Twelve tentacles, each with Anchor plates (n = 10) one pair of small digits on the top (Fig. 2C). Length, urn 137.3 14.14 117 155 Calcareous ring consists of ten pieces; it has well Width, pm 88.9 20.48 63 125 Length/width 1.59 0.27 1.24 2.03 developed muscular impressions and the radials

18 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) New holothurians from New Caledonia

FIG. 2. — Ftynkatorpa coriolisi n.sp., holotype: A, anterior part of body; B, pieces of calcareous ring, r = radial; ir = interradial; C, ten­ tacle (left, inner part of tentacle; right, outer part of tentacle); D, tentacular rods from digits of tentacle; E, tentacular rods from outer part of tentacle; F, tentacular rods from inner part of tentacle; G, anchor plates; H, anchors. (A = scale 1; B = scale 2; C = scale 3; D-H = scale 4).

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) 19 Smirnov A.

concave in the middle part and densely covered tentacular digits (Clark 1907; Sluiter 1901), by with teeth. The anchor plates (Fig. 2G) have very the shape of anchors and anchor plates. irregular outline with very long projections in upper parts. Each plate has two central holes with toothed margin and one to four smaller holes, also toothed in the upper part of the plate. Labidoplax georgii n.sp. Three smooth articular holes are present with (Figs 3A-C; 4A-D) bridge laying above them. There are two to four small, smooth posterior holes. Parameters of ETYMOLOGY. — Named in the memory of Georgii ossicles are given in the table 2. Mikhailovich Belyaev, expert on apodid holothurians and hadal fauna.

RELATIONSHIPS MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype and paratypes R. coriolisi is close to R. timida (Koehler et Vaney, from New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands basin, stored in 1905) in the form of anchor plates, but differs by the MNHN, Paris. having only one pair of tentacular digits compa­ Holotype No. EcHh 8003, stn KG201, 22°40'S - red with two pairs in the latter (Koehler & Vaney 166°33'E, depth 595 m, usnel box-corer. Paratype 1 No. EcHh 8004, stn KG219, 22°39'S - 1905). The new species distinctly differs from 166°34'E, depth 570 m, usnel box-corer. R. duodactyla (H. L. Clark, 1907) and R. bicornis Paratype 2 No. EcHh 8005, stn KG222, 22°45'S - (Sluiter, 1901), both also having only one pair of 166°25'E, depth 1675 m, usnel box-corer.

20 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) New holothurians from New Caledonia

DESCRIPTION (mean = 90.7, n = 21, std = 15.54) long, slightly The holotype is a fragment of the anterior part branched at the ends (Fig. 4B). Details of calca­ of the body, 1.3 mm long and 0.9 mm in diame­ reous ring are not available due to poor condi­ ter (Fig. 3A); paratype 1 (stn KG219): fragment tion of the specimens. of the anterior part of the body 1.4 mm long and Ossicles in the body wall are numerous, many of 1 mm in diameter; paratype 2 (stn KG222): frag­ them overlapping. Anchor and anchor plates ment of the anterior part of the body 1.2 mm in typical of the genus. Completely developed diameter, containing the calcareous ring only. anchors bear two to four teeth on the arms, the Skin is semi-transparent and the colour in alco­ stock is slightly toothed (Figs 3B, 4D). Anchors hol is whitish. Eleven tentacles in all three frag­ are narrower than the anchor plates. Anchor ments. Tentacles with one terminal digit and two plates (Figs 3C, 4C) have seven (one central and smaller lateral digits (Fig. 4A). In the tentacles six peripheral) serrated holes of nearly equal size. slightly curved rods ossicles occur, 68-118 pm The narrow handle has the same width in proxi-

1 i , 0.1 mm

50 pm

o

^ir\

FIG. 4. — Labidoplax georgii n.sp., paratype 2 (No. EcHh 8005, stn KG222): A, tentacle; B, tentacular rods; C, anchor plates; D, anchors. (A = scale 1; B-D = scale 2).

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) 21 I Smirnov A.

TABLE 3. — Parameters of anchor and anchor plates in Labidoplax georgii n.sp.

Parameter Holotype Paratype 2 (stn KG222) For both

Mean Std Min. Max. Mean Std Min. Max. Mean Std Min. Max.

Anchor n = 6 n n = 12 Length, urn 110.3 16.06 87 130 97.8 7.08 90 110 104.1 13.51 87 130 Breadth across the arm, urn 43.3 8.29 32 55 52.3 3.93 50 60 47.8 7.77 32 60

Length/breadth 2.56 0.148 2.36 2.72 1.87 0.047 1.80 1.92 2.21 0.38 1.80 2.72

Anchor plates n = 12 n = 12 n = 24 Length, urn 119.3 8.14 100 132 98.4 13.69 80 120 108.8 15.32 80 132 Width, urn 91.6 5.63 80 100 66.3 8.39 53 80 79.0 14.67 53 100 Handle length, urn 38.9 4.05 30 44 39.6 4.42 32 48 39.3 4.16 30 48

Length/width 1.30 0.06 1.22 1.38 1.48 0.10 1.19 1.58 1.39 0.12 1.19 1.58 Handle length/length, % 32.6 1.68 30.0 35.0 40.5 3.73 36.1 50.0 36.5 4.94 30.0 50.0

mal and distal parts and is rounded at the proxi­ ring three digits and having rods, differs from mal end. It is perforated by two holes one above L. southwardorum Gage, 1985 which has ten­ the other, which can fuse to form a slit. Holes of tacles with two pairs of digits and lacks rods. The the handle are smooth. Parameters of anchors anchor plates present also some differences. In and anchor plates of the holotype and paratype 2 L. southwardorum they are narrower at the end are given in table 3. (Gage 1985), while in L. georgii handles are of equal width in the proximal and distal parts. RELATIONSHIPS L. georgii differs from L. similimedia Gage, 1985 Labidoplax georgii n.sp. is the first species of the by having more slender and slightly ramified ten­ genus recorded in the South Pacific. The other tacular rods and anchors with shaft near the four species of the genus Labidoplax, viz L. bus­ stock less swollen (see Gage 1985). kii, L. media, L. southwardorum and L. similime- dia are distributed in the North Atlantic Ocean. L. georgii differs from L. buskii (MTntosh, 1866) by the form of the hole of the anchor plate nea­ rest to handle. This hole has sickle-like form and Family MYPJOTROCHIDAE Théel, 1877 usually lacks serrations in L. buskii (see Clark Prototrochus belyaevi n.sp. 1924), whereas it is rounded and usually bears (Fig. 5A-C) distinct marginal teeth in L. georgii. Tentacle rods in L. buskii are thicker and more ramified at Prototrochus sp. juv. - Belyaev & Mironov 1982 : the ends than in L. georgii. The new species dif­ 90-91, figs 5b, v, g, table I, fig. 7. fers from L. media Ostergren, 1905 by having ETYMOLOGY. — Named in the memory of Georgii eleven tentacles with three digits (one terminal Mikhailovich Belyaev, expert on apodid holothurians and two smaller lateral), while L. media has twel­ and hadal fauna. ve tentacles with two pairs of digits. The second distinguishing feature is in the form of anchor MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype and paratype from plates and tentacular rods which are similar in New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands basin, stored in the MNHN, Paris. Holotype No. EcHh 8007, paratype L. media and L. buskii (Ostergren 1905; Gotto No. EcHh 8008, stn KG211, 22°42'S - 166°32'E, & Gotto 1972). L. georgii, with its tentacles bea­ depth 975 m, usnel box-corer.

22 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19 (1) New holothurians from New Caledonia

DESCRIPTION When the wheel diameter exceeds 64 pm the The holotype-fragment of the anterior part of teeth are twice as numerous as the spokes. Only the body, 0.9 mm long (Fig. 5A); the paratype- one wheel with eighteen spokes was found to fragment of the anterior part of the body, bear thirty-five teeth instead of thirty-six. Four 0,2 mm long, containing the calcareous ring wheels, 53-61 pm in diameter, have the number only. Skin is nontransparent, the colour in alco­ of teeth less than double the number of spokes. hol is whitish. The ten tentacles are strongly contracted so that RELATIONSHIPS their shape cannot be ascertained. They lack any The new species is very close to the specimen ossicles. described by Belyaev & Mironov (1982) as Calcareous ring consists of ten pieces each with Prototrocbus sp. juv. Wheels in the latter also one prominent anterior process (Fig. 5B). constantly have twice as many teeth as spokes. Numerous wheels of myriotrochid type are Other wheel parameters in the new species and found in the skin (Fig. 5C). There is no clear Prototrocbus sp. juv. are also very similar central knob on the hub of the wheel. Wheel (Table 4). parameters are given in table 4. The close relation between the new species and

Fig. 5. — Prototrochus belyaevi n.sp., holotype: A, anterior part of body; B, pieces of calcareous ring; C, wheels. (A, B = scale 1 ; C = scale 2).

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19 (1) 23 I Smirnov A.

TABLE 4. — Wheel parameters in Prototrochus belyaevin.sp. and Prototrochus sp. juv. (Belyaev erMironov, 1982). D = diameter.

Prototrochus belyaevi n.sp. Prototrochus sp. juv. (n = 26) (n = 53)

Parameter Mean Std Min Max Mean Min Max

Wheel D, pm 74.4 10.46 53 90 80 62 98 Number of spokes 13.4 1.53 11 18 13.2 11 17 Number of teeth 26.2 2.45 22 35 26 22 33 Spokes/teeth, % 51.4 3.57 50 65.4 50 48 52 Hub D/wheel D, % 27.3 1.43 24.4 30.4 28 26 32

the specimen described by Belyaev & Mironov DESCRIPTION (1982) is obvious from table 4. Prototrochus sp. The fragment of anterior part of body is 1.3 mm juv. (see Belyaev & Mironov 1982) can be cited long (Fig. 6A). Skin is transparent with intestine as an earlier record of Prototrochus belyaevi n.sp. clearly visible. Eleven tentacles, contracted; on Prototrochus sp. juv. was dredged in the North one of them two small digits are visible on the Pacific (28°53'5N - 137°21'E) at a depth of margin. There are no ossicles in the tentacles. 4000-4150 m. Calcareous ring is very fragile, presumably due to Prototrochus belyaevi differs from other species of poor fixation. Its pieces are narrow with promi­ the genus by the constant spokes/teeth nent anterior processes (Fig. 6B). Ventral and ratio = 1/2. Wheel size in P. belyaevi is similar dorsal parts of the ring do not differ significantly with P. meridionalis (Salvini-Plawen, 1977), but in height. the two species differ in the number of spokes Wheels of the myriotrochid type (Fig. 6C) are and spokes/teeth ratio. The new species differs numerous in the skin. Central knob on the hub from the very variable P. australis (Belyaev et of the wheel is not clearly distinguished. Wheel Mironov, 1981) by the larger number of spokes parameters are given in table 5. (see Belyaev & Mironov 1981). REMARKS Myriotrochus sp. is the only myriotrochid species Myriotrochus sp. which has eleven tentacles. However, this feature (Fig. 6A-C) is not an obvious taxonomic character since only the single specimen has been examined. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — One fragment from New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands basin, stn KG228, 21°31'S - 166°24'E, depth 960 m, usnel box-corer, Acknowledgements stored in the MNHN, Paris, No. EcHh 8009. I would like to thank Professor Dominique Doumenc and Professor Alain Crosnier for invi­ ting me to work at the MNHN, Paris and I am TABLE 5. — Wheel parameters of the Myriotrochus sp. (n = 46). very grateful for all the help provided during my work at the Laboratoire de Biologie des Parameter Mean Std Min. Max. Invertébrés Marins et Malacologie by Dr. Nadia Ameziane and Ms. Danièle Dondon. I am also Wheel D, pm 66.9 5.39 59 80 much indebted to Dr. Claude Massin (Institut Number of spokes 12.7 1.08 10 15 Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique) for Number of teeth 21.8 2.22 19 30 Spokes/teeth, % 58.5 5.67 48.1 70.0 revising the manuscript. This work was suppor­ Hub D/wheel D, % 23.4 2.10 19.1 30.0 ted by a grant from the Ministry of Foreign Teeth length/wheel D, % 22.3 2.06 16.7 26.5 Affairs of France.

24 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19 (1) New holothurians from New Caledonia

] 50 um

FIG. 6. — Myriotrochus sp.: A, anterior part of body; B, pieces of calcareous ring; C, wheels. (A, B = scale 1; C = scale 2).

REFERENCES its composition and its origin. Papers of the Department of Marine biology of the Carnegie Belyaev G. M. 1970. — Ultra-abyssal holothurians of Institution Washington 10: VI + 223. the genus Myriotrochus (order Apoda, fam. — 1924. — The holothurians of the Museum of ). Trudy Instituía Okeanologii 86: Comparative Zoology. The Synaptinae. Bulletin of 458-488 [in Russian]. the Museum of Comparative Zoology 65 (13): Belyaev G. M. & Mironov A. N. 1981. — Some new 457-501. deep-sea species of the Myriotrochidae (Holothu- Cotillon P. & Monniot C. 1987. — Biogeocal. rioidea) from the northern and south-western parts Compte rendu de la campagne effectuée à bord du of the Pacific Ocean. Trudy Instituía Okeanologii N/O Coriolis du 7 avril au 7 mai 1987. Rapport 115: 165-173 [in Russian with English summary]. IFREMER CNRS INSU PIROCEAN 65 p. — 1982. — The holothurians of the family Gage J. D. 1985. — New Synaptidae (Holothuroidea: Myriotrochidae (Apoda): composition, distribu­ Apoda) from the Rockall Trough. Journal of the tion, and origin. Trudy Instituía Okeanologii 117 : Marine Biology Association U. K. 65 (1): 255-261. 81-120 [in Russian with English summary]. Gotto D. M. & Gotto R. V. 1972. — Labidoplax Cherbonnier G. 1988. — Echinodermes : holothu- media Oestergren: a sea-cucumber new to British rides. Faune de Madagascar 70 : 1-292. and Irish waters, with observational notes. Irish Clark H. L. 1907. — The apodous holothurians: A Naturalist'Journal 17 (8): 250-252. monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Hernandez D. A. 1981. — Holothuroidea de Puerto Smifksonian Contributions lo Knowledge 35: 1-231. Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Revista del Museo — 1921. — The fauna of Torres Strait: Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'B. Rivadavia'.

ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1) 25 Smirnov A.

Hidrobiología A {A): 151-168. — 1964. — The Holothuroidea collected by the Joshua E. C. 1914. — Holothuroidea, with descrip­ Royal Society Expedition to Southern Chile, tions of new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society 1958-1959. Pacific Science 18 (4): 453-470. of Victoria (N.S.) 27 (1): 1-11. Richer de Forges B. 1990. — Explorations for bathyal Heding S. G. 1935. — Holothurioidea. Part I. fauna in the New Caledonian economic zone, in Apoda. Molpadioidea. Gephirothurioidea. Danish Crosnier A. (ed.), Résultats des Campagnes Ingolf Expedition A (9): 1-84. Musorstom, volume 6, Mémoires du Muséum natio­ Koehler R. & Vaney C. 1905. — Echinoderma of the nal d'Histoire naturelle (A) 145 : 9-54. Indian Museum. Holothurioidea. An account of the Rowe F. W. E. 1976. — Restriction of the chiridotid deep-sea Holothurioidea collected by the Royal Indian genus Trochodota Ludwig (1891) (Holothuroidea: Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Calcutta: 1-123+11. Apodida), with the description of a new species Mortensen Th. 1925. — of New from South Australia. Transaction of the Royal Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. III- Society of South Australia 100 (4): 203-206. V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea and Crinoidea. Salvini-Plawen L. V. 1977. — Caudofoveata (Mol­ Videnskabelige Meddelelser fa Dansk Naturhistorisk lusca), Priapulida und apode Holothurien (Labi- Forening 79 : 261-420. doplax, Myriotrochus) bei Banyuls und im Mit­ Ohshima H. 1913. — Synaptiden von Misaki. telmeer allgemein. Vie et Milieu (A) 27 (1) : 55-81. Zoological Magazine Tokyo 25: 253-266 [in Semon R. 1887. — Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Japanese with German summary]. Synaptiden des Mittelmeers. Mitteilungen der zoolo­ — 1914. — The Synaptidae of Japan. Annotationes gischen Statione Neapel 7: 272-300, 401-422. Zoologicae Japonenses 8: 467-482. Sluiter C. Ph. 1901. — Die Holothurien der Ostergren H. 1905. — Zur Kenntnis der skandinavi­ Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expedition AA: 1-142. schen und arktischen Synaptiden. Archives de Smirnov A. V. 1989. — A new species of holothu- Zoologie experiméntale et genérale 3 (4) : rians Trochodota inexpectata (Synaptida, CXXXIII-CLXIV. Chiridotidae) from the Simushir Island (Kuril Pawson D. L. 1963. — The holothurian fauna of Islands). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 68 (6): 156-160 [in Cook Strait, New Zealand. Zoology Publications Russian with English summary]. from Victoria University of Wellington 36: 1-38.

Submitted for publication on 9 January 1996; accepted on 19 September 1996.

26 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1997 • 19(1)