A Resident's Guide on How City Planning Can Build a Healthier, More Resilient, More Inclusive, and More Competitive Indy
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B A A A A A A A B B B B A A PEOPLE’S B B B B B A A PLANNING B A ACADEMY A A B A B i A resident’s guide on how city planning can build a healthier, more resilient, more inclusive, and more competitive Indy. B A People’s Planning Academy: A resident’s guide on how city planning can build a healthier, more resilient, more inclusive, and more competitive Indy. Developed by the City of Indianapolis Department of Metropolitan Development in partnership with the Indianapolis Neighborhood Resource Center Revision 102017 © Copyright 2017 City of Indianapolis | All rights reserved. Brad Beaubien, AICP Administrator for Long Range Planning Jessica Thorpe, AICP Principal Planner for Land Use Strategy Jane Hughes Community Engagement Specialist Curriculum Development Justin Ferguson, AIA Executive Director of Outreach and Education Ball State University College of Architecture and Planning K.K. Gerhart-Fritz, FAICP President, The Planning Workshop, Inc. Maury Plambeck Neighborhood Development Director Indianapolis Neighborhood Resource Center Robert Wilch Retired Department of Metropolitan Development Division of Planning Printed with the support of Eskanazi Health and the Central Indiana Community Foundation. ii CONTENTS INTRO TO PLANNING 2 The Comprehensive Plan 3 What is Planning? 6 What is Zoning? 10 Relationship Between Planning and Zoning 12 MAKE INDY HEALTHIER 16 A Healthier City 17 Physical Wellbeing 18 Mental + Emotional Wellbeing 20 Environmental Health 22 Food Security + Access 24 MAKE INDY MORE RESILIENT 28 A More Resilient City 29 Environmental Resiliency 30 Social Resiliency 34 Economic Resiliency 34 MAKE INDY MORE INCLUSIVE 42 A More Inclusive City 43 Inclusive Housing 44 Inclusive Transportation 48 MAKE INDY MORE COMPETITIVE 52 A More Competitive City 53 Fundamentals of Neighborhood Supply and Demand 54 How Competitive is a Place? The Role of Assets. 58 Public Services 61 LAND USE PATTERN BOOK 66 References 72 1 INTRO TO PLANNING INTRO TO PLANNING 2 The Comprehensive Plan 3 The Comprehensive Plan for Indianapolis and Marion County 4 What is Planning? 6 Planning Allocates Resources 6 Planning Must Be Flexible 7 Planning Doesn’t Actually Change Anything by Itself 8 Planning Guides Future Decisions, not Yesterday’s. 9 What is Zoning? 9 Zoning Decisions 10 Relationship Between Planning and Zoning 12 Rezoning Consideration 13 Variance of Use Consideration 13 2 INTRO TO PLANNING THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN notes The comprehensive plan is a tool to address the constant change, evolution, growth, and even decline of communities. According to Professor Gary D. Taylor of Iowa State University, a comprehensive plan serves these purposes: The plan provides continuity. The plan provides continuity across time, and gives successive public bodies a common framework for addressing land-use issues. It is the means by which a community can balance competing private interests. John Public may want to store oil drums on his property. Jane Citizen, his neighbor, would like to open a restaurant on her property. Planning seeks to strike a balance among the many competing demands on land by creating development patterns that are orderly and rational, provide the greatest benefits for individuals and the community as a whole and avoid nuisance conflicts between land uses. It is the means by which a community can protect public investments. Planning is how a community avoids digging up last year’s new road to lay this year’s new sewer pipe. Well-planned, orderly and phased development patterns are also less expensive for a community to provide with public services than low-density, scattered development. It allows communities to plan development in a way that protects valued resources. Planning can identify environmental features like wetlands, agricultural lands, woods and steep slopes and suggest strategies for preserving those resources from destruction or degradation by inappropriate development. It provides guidance for shaping the appearance of the community. A plan can set forth policies that foster a distinctive sense of place. It promotes economic development. The plan contains valuable information that drives the location decisions of prospective firms. It provides justification for decisions. Plans provide a factual and objective basis to support zoning decisions and can be used by communities to defend their decisions if challenged in court. Through public dialogue, citizens express a collective vision for the future. Last, but certainly not least, the planning process provides citizens an opportunity to brainstorm, debate and discuss the future of their community. A plan developed through a robust public input process enjoys strong community support. Subsequent decisions that are consistent with the plan’s policies are less likely to become embroiled in public controversy.1 In Indiana, State Law requires a Comprehensive Plan contain 3 little more than three paragraphs: notes A statement of objectives for the future development of the jurisdiction. KEY CONCEPT A statement of policy for the land use development of the State law provides three jurisdiction. basic requirements for A statement of policy for the development of public ways, Comprehensive Plans, but allows much more. public places, public lands, public structures, and public utilities.2 In practice, however, most comprehensive plans include much more, and most utilize a map to communicate future land use desires. THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR INDIANAPOLIS AND MARION COUNTY In many jurisdictions, the comprehensive plan is actually KEY CONCEPT a single plan document. In Indy, the comprehensive The “Comp Plan” is a plan is made up of dozens and dozens of neighborhood collection of dozens of plans, plans, township plans, transportation plans, and other not simply the land use plan. infrastructure plans. If you’ve been involved in planning processes before, you may associate the “Comp Plan” as the township land use plans, but the Comp Plan is actually made Are the excluded cities of up of much, much more and we’re trying to do a better job Beech Grove, Lawrence, communicating that by referring to the land use plans across Southport, and Speedway the county as the “Marion County Land Use Plan.” included in the plan? The Comprehensive Plan for Indianapolis and Marion County Yes! All excluded cities (and is organized into seven different elements, each with a included towns) are covered primary system plan that serves as the key plan for that by the Comprehensive Plan subject. Some elements may have supporting plans as well for Indianapolis and Marion that are more specific in geography or subject. Together, all County. State law provides primary and supporting plans make up the Comprehensive that the Metropolitan Plan for Indianapolis and Marion County. Think of primary Development Commission is system plans as chapters in the Comp Plan book and the the planning authority for all supporting plans as subheadings within those chapters. of Marion County. The Marion County Land Use Plan The Marion County Land Use Plan is one element of the Comprehensive Plan for Indianapolis and Marion County. The plan is required by state statute as a basis for zoning and must include objectives and policies for future land use development. It is a policy document, not law, designed to promote the orderly development and redevelopment of the county. The Marion County Land Use Plan consists KEY CONCEPT of two major components: A Land Use Pattern Book and a Land Use Map. The Land Use Pattern Book is the written The Marion County Land Use component of the Marion County Land Use Plan, and lays Plan has two pieces, the Land out the land uses and districts that are applied in the Land Use Pattern Book and the Use Map. Land Use Map. 4 notesDID YOU KNOW? Marion County is 403 square miles! How many other cities could fit inside ours? Cincinnati: 5 Atlanta: 3 Detroit: 2.8 Chicago: 1.7 That’s because we have a consolidated city and county government (UniGov), meaning we have to plan and provide services for rural farms, small towns, suburbs, traditional neighborhoods, and a major downtown because we have them all within our city! SUPPORTING PLANS The Vision+Values Element VISION + VALUES of the Comp Plan is the ELEMENT Plan 2020 Bicentennial LAND USE Agenda, which establishes ELEMENT TRANSPORTATION four community-derived ELEMENT values that guide every other element of the Comp Plan, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN including the Land Use Plan. SPECIFIC for INDIANAPOLIS and LOVE AREA MARION COUNTY RESILIENCY ELEMENT ELEMENT PARKS + NEIGHBORHOOD RECREATION STRATEGY CONNECTCHOOSEWORK ELEMENT ELEMENT BICENTENNIALTHRIVE AGENDA SERVE + = 5 notes WHAT IS PLANNING? Many people get confused with the word “plan.” If I have plans for a family vacation to Disney World, I probably mean that I’ve booked flights and hotel and have asked for time off of work. In that sense, my “plan” is quite definite. Absent emergencies, my plan will happen. But the land use plan is a little different. Instead of what will happen, it describes what we would like to happen in the future. It’s more akin to me saying “Before I die, I plan to climb Mount Everest.” I don’t have my climbing permit in hand, my flights booked, or honestly, even any climbing gear. But someday I would like to do that. If you can remember the difference between planning to visit Mickey Mouse over spring break and planning to climb a mountain at some point in your life, you’re well on your way to understanding the role of the land use plan. PLANNING ALLOCATES RESOURCES Think about the role of land use planning as your monthly KEY CONCEPT family budget. Your budget is all about helping you achieve Like a budget, planning goals. You want to provide the best life for your family allocates limited resources to within your means, so you allocate your income to things like achieve sometimes competing housing, transportation, food, utility, and hopefully some fun community goals.