DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Catechin Photostability Using Photolytic Processing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Catechin Photostability Using Photolytic Processing processes Review A Study of Catechin Photostability Using Photolytic Processing Jeu-Ming P. Yuann 1, Shwu-Yuan Lee 2, Meei-Ju Yang 3, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang 4,5, Chien-Wei Cheng 1,* and Ji-Yuan Liang 1,* 1 Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing-Wu University, New Taipei City 24452, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Tea Research and Extension Station, Taoyuan 32654, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan; [email protected] 5 Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40200, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.-W.C.); [email protected] (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-3-3507001 (ext. 3772) (C.-W.C.); +886-3-3507001 (ext. 3958) (J.-Y.L.) Abstract: Catechin exhibits numerous physiological characteristics. In this study, we determined the photosensitivity of catechin to various lights under alkaline conditions, and the mechanisms by which catechin generates free radical species and polymerizes via a photoreaction. In addition to this, the application of catechin photolysis was investigated. A solution of catechin is transparent, but turns yellowish under blue light illumination (BLI) in neutral or weak alkaline solutions. When catechin is •− subjected to BLI, a dimeric catechin (proanthocyanidin) and a superoxide anion radical (O2 ) are generated in a photolytic reaction. When ascorbic acid or gallic acid is added to catechin and the •− mixture is subjected to BLI at alkaline pH, fewer catechin dimers and less O2 are produced, because both acids inhibit the photosensitive oxidation of catechin. When AlCl3 is added to catechin and the mixture is subjected to BLI at pH 8, a photolytic reaction is suppressed by AlCl3, and AlCl3 acts as Citation: Yuann, J.-M.P.; Lee, S.-Y.; a catalyst for the disconnection of proanthocyanidin during photolysis. Under alkaline conditions, •− Yang, M.-J.; Huang, S.-T.; catechin generates O2 via photosensitive oxidation, which suppresses the growth of Acinetobacter Cheng, C.-W.; Liang, J.-Y. A Study of baumannii (A. baumannii) by at least 4 logs, and deactivates its multi-drug-resistant strain. This study Catechin Photostability Using shows that catechin photolysis is a process of oxidation, and that it can be safely applied as a tool for Photolytic Processing. Processes 2021, environmental applications. 9, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ pr9020293 Keywords: aluminum; catechin; light; proanthocyanidin; tea Academic Editor: Dariusz Dziki Received: 11 January 2021 Accepted: 29 January 2021 1. Introduction Published: 3 February 2021 Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites within plants, and most are polyhy- Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral droxyl examples. Catechin is a member of the plant polyphenols, and it mainly exists in with regard to jurisdictional claims in chocolate, grapes, green tea, and wine. The polyphenol content in green tea leaves is high, published maps and institutional affil- at approximately 10–30% by dry weight [1]. In green tea leaves, 80% of all polyphenols iations. are catechin compounds, and these feature anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-bacterial activities [2–4]. Polyphenols are composed of an aromatic component that is attached to one or more hydroxyl groups, including diverse phenolic compounds [5]. Catechin is a flavin compound, and its main frame is attached to five hydroxyl groups, Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. as shown in Figure1. Depending on the C3 position of catechin and the mechanism by Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. which esterification occurs in gallic acid, there are two types of catechin-like compounds: This article is an open access article non-esterified catechins (non-gallate-type), including catechin and epicatechin (EC), and es- distributed under the terms and terified catechins (gallate-type), including epigallocate catechin (ECG) and epigallocatechin conditions of the Creative Commons gallate (EGCG) [6]. Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Processes 2021, 9, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020293 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes ProcessesProcesses2021 2021, ,9 9,, 293 x FOR PEER REVIEW 22 of 1212 Figure 1. The structure of catechin. Figure 1. The structure of catechin. Catechin can be easily oxidized, as it is not chemically stable in an aqueous solution [7]. Catechin can be easily oxidized, as it is not chemically stable in an aqueous solution During the oxidation process, a significant change in pH causes a catechin-containing bev- [7]. During the oxidation process, a significant change in pH causes a catechin-containing erage to undergo a non-enzymatic browning reaction [8]. Research has also reported that beverage to undergo a non-enzymatic browning reaction [8]. Research has also reported green tea catechins are unstable, and are degraded almost entirely after a few minutes in anthat alkaline green solutiontea catechins (pH >are 8), unstable, but are relatively and are stabledegraded in acidic almost conditions entirely (pHafter < 4)a few [9]. Theminutes radical-scavenging in an alkaline solution ability of (pH catechin > 8), but compounds are relatively is a feature stable ofin tea,acidic but conditions tea beverages (pH are< 4) unstable [9]. The whenradical-scavenging bottled during ability manufacturing, of catechin becausecompounds catechin is a feature is unstable of tea, [10 but]. The tea oxidativebeverages brown are unstable reaction when of green bottled tea during catechin ma cannufacturing, affect the tastebecause of the catechin tea [8]. is Ascorbic unstable acid[10]. isThe often oxidative added tobrown bottled reaction tea in of order green to preventtea catechin oxidation can affect and thethe browningtaste of the reaction tea [8]. ofAscorbic the polyphenols; acid is often however, added to the bottled taste istea changed in order by to theprevent addition oxidation of the and acid, the and brown- thus sodiuming reaction carbonate of the ispolyphenols; added in order however, to adjust the thetaste pH is changed and maintain by the the addition flavor [of4, 11the]. acid The, inhibitionand thus sodium of the non-enzymatic carbonate is added browning in order reaction to adjust in beverages the pH containingand maintain catechin the flavor com- pounds[4,11]. The is important inhibition for of the the tea non-enzymatic industry. In this browning study, we reaction determined in beverages the mechanism containing for photosensitivitycatechin compounds in catechin, is important based onforthe the instability tea industry. of catechin, In this study, which we was determined demonstrated. the mechanism for photosensitivity in catechin, based on the instability of catechin, which 2.was Photoreaction demonstrated. of Catechin 2.1. Effect of Light Quality on the Photoreaction of Catechin 2. PhotoreactionWhen produced of Catechin using a process that does not involve fermentation, the catechin compounds in green tea remain almost intact. Research reported that there is a color change2.1. Effect when of Light green Quality tea is on left the inPhotoreaction a lit room orof Catechin in the dark for 72 h. A sample in the lit roomWhen had a produced darker color, using but a sampleprocess inthat the does dark not showed involve no significantfermentation, change the incatechin color; therefore,compounds light in chemicallygreen tea remain affects thealmost ingredients intact. ofResearch green tea reported beverages that [12 there]. is a color changeProanthocyanidin when green tea is composedleft in a lit room of catechin. or in the Hayashi dark for et 72 al. h. noted A sample that in the the proantho- lit room cyanidinhad a darker in fresh color, purple but ricea sample is sensitive in the to dark light irradiation,showed no andsignificant that the change color of in purple color; ricetherefore, darkens light because chemically an internal affects molecularthe ingredients bond of is green formed tea whenbeverages proanthocyanidin [12]. is oxidizedProanthocyanidin [13]. Catechin is alsocomposed sensitive of catechin to ultraviolet. Hayashi (UV) et light, al. noted which that changes the proantho- its struc- ture.cyanidin Forest in etfresh al. studiedpurple rice the UV-inducedis sensitive to epimerization light irradiation, of EC, and and that showed the color that of catechin purple photolysisrice darkens undergoes because reversiblean internal photoisomerization molecular bond is to formed produce when EC [14 proanthocyanidin]. is oxidizedMuch [13]. of the Catechin chemistry is ofalso catechin sensitive photolysis to ultraviolet is illustrated (UV) by light, the generation which changes of reactive its Bstructure. ring quinone Forest methide et al. studied intermediates the UV-ind [15].uced A study epimerization reported that of EC, the Cand ring showed within that the flavanolscatechin photolysis of catechin undergoes and EC dissolved reversible in photoisomerization methanol can be opened to produce after EC irradiation [14]. by exposureMuch to of ultraviolet the chemistry C for of 20 catechin h [15]. photolysis Shi et al. alsois illustrated noted that by catechinthe generation and EC of are re- sensitiveactive B ring to ultraviolet quinone methide B illumination, intermediates which causes[15]. A these study two reported compounds that the to C form ring yellowwithin productsthe flavanols [3]. Theof catechin illumination and EC of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INVESTIGATION of NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS for the DEVELOPMENT of OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS by Katherine M
    INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS By Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano _________________________________ Dr. Brian S. J. Blagg _________________________________ Dr. Michael F. Rafferty _________________________________ Dr. Paul R. Hanson _________________________________ Dr. Susan M. Lunte Date Defended: July 18, 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano Date approved: July 18, 2012 ii ABSTRACT Kappa opioid (KOP) receptors have been suggested as an alternative target to the mu opioid (MOP) receptor for the treatment of pain because KOP activation is associated with fewer negative side-effects (respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, and dependence). The KOP receptor has also been implicated in several abuse-related effects in the central nervous system (CNS). KOP ligands have been investigated as pharmacotherapies for drug abuse; KOP agonists have been shown to modulate dopamine concentrations in the CNS as well as attenuate the self-administration of cocaine in a variety of species, and KOP antagonists have potential in the treatment of relapse. One drawback of current opioid ligand investigation is that many compounds are based on the morphine scaffold and thus have similar properties, both positive and negative, to the parent molecule. Thus there is increasing need to discover new chemical scaffolds with opioid receptor activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine
    processes Article Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine Balázs Nagy 1, Zsuzsanna Varga 2,Réka Matolcsi 1, Nikolett Kellner 1 , Áron Szövényi 1 and Diána Nyitrainé Sárdy 1,* 1 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Oenology, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (B.N.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (Á.S.) 2 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Viticulture, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out what kind of “Bianca” wine could be produced when using organic yeast, what are the dynamics of the resulting alcoholic fermentation, and whether this method is suitable for industrial production as well. Due to the stricter rules and regulations, as well as the limited amount and selection of the permitted chemicals, resistant, also known as interspecific or innovative grape varieties, can be the ideal basic materials of alternative cultivation technologies. Well-designed analytical and organoleptic results have to provide the scientific background of resistant varieties, as these cultivars and their environmentally friendly cultivation techniques could be the raw materials of the future. The role of the yeast in wine production is crucial. We fermented wines from the “Bianca” juice samples three times where model chemical solutions were applied. In our research, we aimed to find out how organic yeast influenced the biogenic amine formation of three important compounds: histamine, tyramine, and serotonin. The main results of this study showed that all the problematic values (e.g., histamine) were under the critical limit (1 g/L), although the organic samples resulted in a significantly higher level than the control wines.
    [Show full text]
  • Crofelemer Oral Delayed Release Tablet
    Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Draft – Not for Implementation Draft Guidance on Crofelemer This draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, or the Agency) on this topic. It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. To discuss an alternative approach, contact the Office of Generic Drugs. Active Ingredient: Crofelemer Dosage Form; Route: Tablet, delayed release; oral Strength: 125 mg Recommendations for the Assessment of Identity and Quality of Botanical Raw Material (BRM): Crofelemer is a botanical drug derived from BRM, the crude red latex of Croton lechleri Müll. Arg. [Fam. Euphorbiacae], which is also called dragon’s blood (sangre de drago). Generic drug applicants should use the same plant species and perform BRM assessment: 1. Crofelemer BRM should be collected from the crude red latex of Croton lechleri. The plant species should be correctly identified and authenticated based on techniques such as macroscopic/microscopic and/or analysis of genetic material. 2. Crude red latex as BRM should be collected from the mature tree with defined eco- geographic regions (EGRs). Implementing and enforcing established good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) procedures will minimize variations in BRM and ensure batch- to-batch consistency of crofelemer. 3. BRMs should be analyzed for their crofelemer content, total phenolics and taspine content, as well as heavy metals and pesticides. Recommendations for Demonstrating API Sameness: API sameness can be established by showing equivalence between Test API and API from the reference listed drug (RLD) product with the three criteria described in detail below.
    [Show full text]
  • Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Α And
    Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer Chih-Yang Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yi-Ling Chen, Tzu-Wen Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Hui-Ping Hsu, Yan-Shen Shan, Ming-Derg Lai 1 Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and clinical outcomes of five patients with ampullary cancer Time of Tumor Time to Age Differentia survival/ Sex Staging size Morphology Recurrence recurrence Condition (years) tion expired (cm) (months) (months) T2N0, 51 F 211 Polypoid Unknown No -- Survived 193 stage Ib T2N0, 2.41.5 58 F Mixed Good Yes 14 Expired 17 stage Ib 0.6 T3N0, 4.53.5 68 M Polypoid Good No -- Survived 162 stage IIA 1.2 T3N0, 66 M 110.8 Ulcerative Good Yes 64 Expired 227 stage IIA T3N0, 60 M 21.81 Mixed Moderate Yes 5.6 Expired 16.7 stage IIA 2 Supplementary Table 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of an ampullary cancer microarray using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This table contains only pathways with p values that ranged 0.0001~0.05. KEGG Pathway p value Genes Pentose and 1.50E-04 UGT1A6, CRYL1, UGT1A8, AKR1B1, UGT2B11, UGT2A3, glucuronate UGT2B10, UGT2B7, XYLB interconversions Drug metabolism 1.63E-04 CYP3A4, XDH, UGT1A6, CYP3A5, CES2, CYP3A7, UGT1A8, NAT2, UGT2B11, DPYD, UGT2A3, UGT2B10, UGT2B7 Maturity-onset 2.43E-04 HNF1A, HNF4A, SLC2A2, PKLR, NEUROD1, HNF4G, diabetes of the PDX1, NR5A2, NKX2-2 young Starch and sucrose 6.03E-04 GBA3, UGT1A6, G6PC, UGT1A8, ENPP3, MGAM, SI, metabolism
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Chronic Problems
    MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PROBLEMS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND DRUGS A. Leary,* T. MacDonald† SUMMARY concerned. Alcohol may alter the effects of the drug; drug In western society alcohol consumption is common as is may change the effects of alcohol; or both may occur. the use of therapeutic drugs. It is not surprising therefore The interaction between alcohol and drug may be that concomitant use of these should occur frequently. The pharmacokinetic, with altered absorption, metabolism or consequences of this combination vary with the dose of elimination of the drug, alcohol or both.2 Alcohol may drug, the amount of alcohol taken, the mode of affect drug pharmacokinetics by altering gastric emptying administration and the pharmacological effects of the drug or liver metabolism. Drugs may affect alcohol kinetics by concerned. Interactions may be pharmacokinetic or altering gastric emptying or inhibiting gastric alcohol pharmacodynamic, and while coincidental use of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).3 This may lead to altered tissue may affect the metabolism or action of a drug, a drug may concentrations of one or both agents, with resultant toxicity. equally affect the metabolism or action of alcohol. Alcohol- The results of concomitant use may also be principally drug interactions may differ with acute and chronic alcohol pharmacodynamic, with combined alcohol and drug effects ingestion, particularly where toxicity is due to a metabolite occurring at the receptor level without important changes rather than the parent drug. There is both inter- and intra- in plasma concentration of either. Some interactions have individual variation in the response to concomitant drug both kinetic and dynamic components and, where this is and alcohol use.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Tea Extract Ameliorate Liver Toxicity and Immune System Dysfunction Induced by Cyproterone Acetate in Female Rats
    Journal of American Science 2010;6(5) Green Tea Extract Ameliorate Liver Toxicity and Immune System Dysfunction Induced by Cyproterone Acetate in Female Rats Heba Barakat Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition,Women`s College, Ain Shams University [email protected] Abstract: Green tea, consumed worldwide since ancient times, is considered beneficial to human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on liver damage and immune system function in female rats treated with cyproterone acetate (CPA). Forty healthy female adult albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Group (1) was fed on a standard diet as a control. Group (2) was fed on a standard diet and received an intraperitoneally injection of 25mg/Kg/day. Group (3) was fed on a standard diet supplemented with 1 g GTE% and received a daily injection. Group (4) was fed on the supplemented diet for 7 days prior to receiving the daily injection. The experimental duration lasted for 3 weeks initiated from the first injection. The results showed CPA alone led to diminish liver function, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated hepatic oxidative stress and serum IgG and IgM levels comparing with the control group of rats. However, the ingestion of GTE either along with or prior to the CPA treatment could significantly improve the function of liver, hepatic oxidative stress and hepatic antioxidant status and elevate the IgG and IgM levels. These data suggested that, GTE possesses a protective effect on the liver against the induced CPA toxicity by increasing auto immunity and countering the hepatic oxidative stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Antidepressant-Like Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of the Citrus
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Life Sciences 82 (2008) 741–751 www.elsevier.com/locate/lifescie Antidepressant-like behavioral and neurochemical effects of the citrus-associated chemical apigenin ⁎ Li-Tao Yi, Jian-Mei Li, Yu-Cheng Li, Ying Pan, Qun Xu, Ling-Dong Kong State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Received 14 July 2007; accepted 16 January 2008 Abstract Apigenin is one type of bioflavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, which possesses a variety of pharmacological actions on the central nervous system. A previous study showed that acute intraperitoneal administration of apigenin had antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test (FST) in ddY mice. To better understand its pharmacological activity, we investigated the behavioral effects of chronic oral apigenin treatment in the FST in male ICR mice and male Wistar rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). The effects of apigenin on central monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and platelet adenylyl cyclase activity were simultaneously examined in the CMS rats. Apigenin reduced immobility time in the mouse FST and reversed CMS-induced decrease in sucrose intake of rats. Apigenin also attenuated CMS-induced alterations in serotonin (5-HT), its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) levels and 5-HIAA/ 5-HT ratio in distinct rat brain regions. Moreover, apigenin reversed CMS-induced elevation in serum corticosterone concentrations and reduction in platelet adenylyl cyclase activity in rats. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like actions of oral apigenin treatment could be related to a combination of multiple biochemical effects, and might help to elucidate its mechanisms of action that are involved in normalization of stress- induced changes in brain monoamine levels, the HPA axis, and the platelet adenylyl cyclase activity.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Old Is New…
    8/20/2015 WHAT’S COMING DOWN THE PIPELINE? NEWER AND FUTURE ANESTHETIC AND ANALGESIC DRUGS FOR THE SMALL ANIMAL PRACTITIONER. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA Looking for the next “great” tool in the box New drugs and new uses for old drugs Improve patient care and maximize outcomes WHAT IS OLD IS NEW… Methadone Fentanyl (topical) Buprenorphine (transmucosal) Etomidate Meloxicam (transmucosal spray) Robenaxocib 1 8/20/2015 WHAT IS NEW IS NEW… Propoflo 28® (propofol with an increased shelf life) Remifentanil Alenza Simbadol™ ‐ Long acting buprenorphine Alfaxan®‐ CD (alfaxalone) METHADONE Pure µ agonist opioid (synthetic) NMDA antagonist May be best opioid for chronic pain Better analgesic than buprenorphine for 8 hours post operatively Less vomiting and panting than hydromorphone and morphine in dogs Does not seem to elicit aggressive behavior in cats Can be expensive, can not be administered orally (unlike in humans) Dosages Dogs 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg, IM or IV Cats 0.1 mg/kg, IM or IV FENTANYL (TOPICAL) Recuvyra™ Transdermal solution Topical application in dogs only 50 mg/ml fentanyl (Class II controlled substance) Risk Minimization Action Plan (RiskMAP) Educational materials to veterinarian, staff and owners 2 8/20/2015 FENTANYL (TOPICAL) RiskMAP Owner must read and sign client information sheet before application Only available through a restricted distribution program Certified distributors Veterinarian must take online training prior to being able to purchase High potential for human abuse and safety risks FENTANYL (TOPICAL) Use Administered by two trained veterinarians or staff Protective clothing –gloves, lab coats, and glasses or face shield Applied directly to the skin in the dorsal scapular area.
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management
    Guideline: Preoperative Medication Management Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management Purpose of Guideline: To provide guidance to physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), pharmacists, and nurses regarding medication management in the preoperative setting. Background: Appropriate perioperative medication management is essential to ensure positive surgical outcomes and prevent medication misadventures.1 Results from a prospective analysis of 1,025 patients admitted to a general surgical unit concluded that patients on at least one medication for a chronic disease are 2.7 times more likely to experience surgical complications compared with those not taking any medications. As the aging population requires more medication use and the availability of various nonprescription medications continues to increase, so does the risk of polypharmacy and the need for perioperative medication guidance.2 There are no well-designed trials to support evidence-based recommendations for perioperative medication management; however, general principles and best practice approaches are available. General considerations for perioperative medication management include a thorough medication history, understanding of the medication pharmacokinetics and potential for withdrawal symptoms, understanding the risks associated with the surgical procedure and the risks of medication discontinuation based on the intended indication. Clinical judgement must be exercised, especially if medication pharmacokinetics are not predictable or there are significant risks associated with inappropriate medication withdrawal (eg, tolerance) or continuation (eg, postsurgical infection).2 Clinical Assessment: Prior to instructing the patient on preoperative medication management, completion of a thorough medication history is recommended – including all information on prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, “as needed” medications, vitamins, supplements, and herbal medications. Allergies should also be verified and documented.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Aspects of Catechin and Its Derivatives – an Update
    ABMJ 2019, 2(1): 21-29 DOI: 10.2478/abmj-2019-0003 Acta Biologica Marisiensis THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF CATECHIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES – AN UPDATE Sanda COȘARCĂ1, Corneliu TANASE1*, Daniela Lucia MUNTEAN1 1University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, Faculty of Pharmacy, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street. *Correspondence: Corneliu TANASE [email protected] Received: 1 May 2019; Accepted: 20 June 2019; Published: 30 Iune 2019 Abstract: Catechin and its derivatives are polyphenolic benzopyran compounds. The condensation of catechin units leads to the formation of condensed tannins. It is found in appreciable amount in green tea leaves, cocoa, red wines, beer, chocolate, etc. It possesses important antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumor properties. The present review outlines recent updates and perspectives of the effects of catechins and the pharmacodynamic mechanisms involved. Keywords: catechin, antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypolipidemic. 1. Introduction Catechins are flavanols which belong to catechins have an important role in protection polyphenolic compounds. Condensed or non- against degenerative diseases (Ide et al., 2018). hydrolyzable tannins are formed by the Other studies have demonstrated an inverse condensation of catechin (epicatechin and a reaction between catechin intake and the risk of catechin epimer) (Fig. 1). Catechin, together cardiovascular diseases (Ikeda et al., 2018). It with epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate, has been reported that catechins appear to are the main flavonoids which are found in the produce greater antibacterial activity against composition of green tea (Li et al., 2018). Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative Many research results have highlighted that ones (Ajiboye et al., 2016; Gomes et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction
    pharmaceutics Review Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction Maria D. Auxtero 1, Susana Chalante 1,Mário R. Abade 1 , Rui Jorge 1,2,3 and Ana I. Fernandes 1,* 1 CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] (M.D.A.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (M.R.A.); [email protected] (R.J.) 2 Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal 3 CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +35-12-1294-6823 Abstract: Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on health- care systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treat- ment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmaco- logical interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Catechin Attenuates Behavioral Neurotoxicity Induced by 6-OHDA in Rats
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 110 (2013) 1–7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmbiochembeh Catechin attenuates behavioral neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in rats M.D.A. Teixeira a, C.M. Souza a, A.P.F. Menezes a, M.R.S. Carmo a, A.A. Fonteles a, J.P. Gurgel a, F.A.V. Lima b, G.S.B. Viana b, G.M. Andrade a,⁎ a Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1127, Fortaleza 60430270, Brazil b Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1127, Fortaleza 60430270, Brazil article info abstract Article history: This study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of catechin in a model of Parkinson's disease. Received 18 February 2013 Unilateral, intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats were pretreated with catechin (10 and Received in revised form 15 May 2013 30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 2 h before surgery and for 14 days afterwards. After treatments, Accepted 18 May 2013 apomorphine-induced rotations, locomotor activity, working memory and early and late aversive memories Available online 25 May 2013 were evaluated. The mesencephalon was used to determine the levels of monoamines and measurement of Keywords: glutathione (GSH). Immunohistochemical staining was also used to evaluate the expression of tyrosine Catechin hydroxylase (TH) in mesencephalic and striatal tissues.
    [Show full text]