Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 1 One-1 What are two principle innate methods of self- Flight or fight. protection utilized by ?

HIH, 320-1 Two-2 What is a common name for a conditioned stimulus? a cue

HIH 1240 page 1 Three-3 Where are hooks on teeth found? on the first upper cheek teeth (premolar) and last bottom cheek teeth (molar) HIH 405 Four-4 What breed of is described as a Warmblood combination of any breeds that are not 100% hot- blood or 100% cold-blood? HIH 151B-1 Five-1 Other than salt, identify two other minerals that Manganese, iron, cobalt, would be found in mineralized salt. copper, iodine or zinc

YLM ADV 302-2L Six-2 Your horse sustained a laceration and has bright Direct pressure to the wound red blood spurting from the wound. What would be your initial action to control the bleeding? HIH 440-2 Seven-3 For what maximum period of time after parturition up to 12-36 hours after birth HIH 950-3 would the foal be able to absorb the (accept anything within this immunoglobulins in colostrum? range)

Eight-4 How do you measure the size of an English ? From the saddle nail to the mid- HIH 1100-3 point of the cantle

9 What breed was formerly known as the “Karster” Lipizzan (Lipizzaner) horse?

HIH 159B-2 10 What highly contagious organism is responsible Rotavirus HIH 950-7 for approximately 90% of all foal diarrhea outbreaks?

11-Toss Up What type of inheritance affects males and Autosomal recessive females equally and results in an observed phenotype only when there are two copies of the recessive allele necessary for the trait? HIH 1060-2 12-Bonus Identify two general physiological processes in the Hair coat; female reproduction horse that are affected by the length of daylight (estrous cycles); male YLM ADV 304- reproduction (testosterone 2L; YLM ADV production, sperm production) 327-2L; HIH 910-8 Question # Question Answer Source

13 Why is a five diamond V-mesh wire fence The close weave (small HIH 350-3 considered to be the safest wire fencing to be openings) keeps even foals used with all types of horse? from Catching their foot in it

14 What is the heritability estimate? The percentage of a horse’s YLM ADV 335-2 expressed trait that is due to genetics as opposed to other factors 15 The breeding of a sire with a daughter would be an Inbreeding (also accept close example of what specific type of breeding? breeding) (do not accept linebreeding HIH 1080-1 16-Toss Up What is the common term for the external parasite Horse fly of the tabanids species?

HIH 415-2 17-Bonus Stainless steel is the most common material bits German silver, solid nickel (or are made from. Identify four other materials bits Never Rust), copper, are made from aluminum, rubber, vulcanite or happy mouth HIH 1100-10 18 What is the term for the breeding of animals or Outcrossing HIH 1080-1 crossing of lines that are unrelated?

19 What is one type of western that has a tall Barrel Racing, Roping or horn? Cutting

HIH 1100-5 20 A large infestation of what parasite can cause Bots HIH, 415-5 ulceration of the stomach? Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 2

One-1 Would a feed with a 2% or 5% crude fiber have a Feed with 2% crude fiber higher digestible energy?

HIH 745-3 Two-2 Which contains more crude fiber – complete feeds Long stem hay or long stem hay?

HIH 741-1 Three-3 The orbatid mite is the intermediate host for which Tapeworm internal parasite?

HIH 430-4 Four-4 What would be the estimated age of a horse when 20 years the Galvayne’s groove extends to the wearing surface of the corner upper incisor? HIH 240-4 Five-1 Which Western curb is considered to be the most HIH 1100-10 severe?

Six-2 What are Fasig Tipton and Keeneland? The 2 biggest Throughbred sales HIH 1320-3 organizations in the U.S.

Seven-3 What do the initials NHSRA stand for? National High School Rodeo Association

HIH 186D-2 Eight-4 During the crusades, large numbers of what breed Arabians HIH 153B-1 were imported into England and France?

9 Based on research studies for initial re-feeding of High quality alfalfa hay the starved horse, the best approach is feeding (frequent small amounts) what? HIH 785-3 10 Osselets are calcifications that occur as a result of Fetlock joint HIH 455-5 traumatic arthritis located in which joint?

11-Toss Up What two bones are adjacent to the humerus? Scapula and ulna HIH 230-6 Question # Question Answer Source

12-Bonus Identify 4 areas of the horse that would be visually Along the top of the neck; HIH 720-3, 720-4 appraised or palpated when estimating a body Along the withers; In the condition score crease down the topline; In the area adjacent to the tail head; Over the rib cage; Behind the shoulder/over the point of the shoulder; Over the hook (tuber coxae) and pin (tuber ischii) bones

13 In relation to teeth, what does floating mean? The rasping and removal of sharp enamel points on the horse's teeth. HIH, 405-2 14 What term describes a preventive injection of bacteria Vaccination. or viruses that have been modified or inactivated to immunize the horse against certain diseases?

HIH, 445-1 15 What type of shoe is being described by the Square Toed She YLM, INT 231-2 following? This type of shoe is used mostly on the hind feet to stabilize the break over of the foot. It is set flush with the toe, it functions as a lateral and medial toe extension

16-Toss Up [Two-part question] What is the corpus luteum and It is a structure that forms from HIH 910-6 what hormone does it produce? the remaining tissues after the follicle ruptures at ovulation; it produces progesterone

17-Bonus Identify three areas on the horse where a Nose, face, jaw, chin, poll, bit would exert pressure cheeks (do not accept mouth)

HIH 1100-8 18 The heart bar shoe is used on a horse with Frog HIH 515-4 laminitis to aid in pain relief and healing. To what structure does the heart bar shoe temporarily transfer the weight to? 19 Give an example of why you would use a cold poultice To decrease inflammation and on your horse. swelling caused by a blow or a kick; to reduce swelling, heat and pain of a contusion or hematoma. HIH, 440-6, 441- 5 20 Approximately how much water will a mature horse 10 - 12 gallons. drink in one day?

HIH, 710-7 Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 3

One-1 How many acres of good quality pasture are 2-3 acres (accept anything within HIH 730-1 required to meet the forage needs of a mature idle this range) horse?

Two-2 What is the name of the deepest area of the barrel Heartgirth. behind the front limbs? AYHCLM INT, 223-2 Three-3 A horse's heart is composed of how many chambers? 4.

HIH, 830-1 Four-4 What breed of horse was developed from the The Paso Fino HIH 162-1 mixture of Barb, Andalusian and Spanish Jennet?

Five-1 At what age does the Galvayne’s Groove extend 15 years of age. HIH 240-4 halfway down the upper corner incisor tooth?

Six-2 Why are short, steep pasterns not desirable in the They do not allow for the normal horse? "cushion" effect.

HIH, 230-6 Seven-3 Name the organ in the horse's body where blood is Lungs. saturated with oxygen.

HIH, 830-1 Eight-4 Muscle fibers are classified as Type I (slow-twitch) Type I (slow-twitch) HIH 840-2 or Type II (fast-twitch). Which type of muscle fibers function aerobically and provide endurance?

9 Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that results Fluid filled sac (blister) in the formation of vesicles in the mouth and on the lips, hooves and teats. What is a vesicle? HIH 685-1 10 Name two of the mucous membranes of a horse. Eyelid, inside the nostrils, inners lips and gums, vulva of the mare. AYHCLM BEG, 115-4 11-Toss Up

Fear in the horse will cause what instinctive behavioral reaction? Flight from the feared object. HIH, 320-1 950-9 12-Bonus Name four cereal grains that are fed to horses. Oats, corn, barley, wheat, grain sorghum, rice, triticale.

HIH, 760-6 13 Name two coat patterns used to describe an Overo Frame, Sabino, and Splashed HIH 1040-3 horse white; also accept Calico; do not accept tovero Question # Question Answer Source

14 You do the math… A foal normally weighs 9-10% 450-500 pounds (accept of the mare’s body weight. A foal that weighs 50 anything within that range) pounds would indicate that it’s dam weighs how much? HIH 940-5 15 You are working as a farrier and reach behind your Pull offs have knobs on the ends HIH 530-1 back to get the tool you need from your shoeing of the handles box. How will you determine whether you have the pull offs or the nippers?

16-Toss Up What does the abbreviation PSSM indicate? Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy

HIH 460-4 17-Bonus Name three ways to improve a grass pasture. Weed control; add lime; soil testing; fertilization; grazing management program. HIH, 730-2 18 What is the name for the small in a Bridoon (also accept bradoon) HIH 1100-10 Weymouth ?

19 What are the two types of balance to consider Heel to toe (front to back) and when trimming the hoof? medial/lateral (side to side)

HIH 510-1 20 What is the term given to a horse with long Coon-footed HIH 220-6 pasterns, in which the fetlocks may hit the ground Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 4

One-1 You do the math… You are feeding a weanling 2 pounds that weighs approximately 400 pounds. If you are feeding twice a day and need to feed a total of 1% of the body…How many pounds would you feed for the morning feeding?

HIH 765-2 Two-2 Half round shoes are most commonly used on what Harness racing horses, reining HIH 515-3, 525- type of horse? horses or occasionally foals 4 (only need to give one answer)

Three-3 The number of times a heart beats in a given time is Heart rate. called what?

HIH, 830-1 Four-4 Define barren mare. A mare, which had foaled the HIH 782-1 previous breeding season but failed to conceive during the current breeding season

Five-1 What do excessive weeds or brush in a pasture The pasture has been poorly indicate? managed, overgrazed, or inadequately fertilized.

HIH, 730-2 Six-2 What is the function of the broad ligament? Suspend the uterus within the body cavity.

HIH, 910-3 Seven-3 What is a hoof knife used for? To pare away the dead sole from the hoof, remove ragged parts from the frog, relieve pressure on corns and cracks, and remove foreign bodies from the hoof.

HIH, 530 Eight-4 What are 2 nutrients legume hays are higher in Protein, Calcium, and Energy HIH 760-2 compared to grass hays?

9 Foals that grind their teeth and lie on their backs with Stomach ulcer. their legs in the air may indicate what condition?

HIH, 950-3 10 Name the fat soluble vitamins. A, D, E, & K.

HIH, 760 Question # Question Answer Source

11-Toss Up

Stallions can be placed under what to increase testicular activity? Artificial light. HIH, 920-3 12-Bonus Identify four different variations of the rings on snaffle D-ring; Egg butt; Half cheek; HIH 1100-8 bits Loose ring (O-ring); Full cheek

13 An abscess of the hoof may open and drain on its Soak the foot (Epsom salts or YLM 334-2 own. What simple treatment can you do to iodine solution) (also accept encourage the abscess to dry up and heal? hoof pack or pack the hoof with a substance such as Animalintex, Ichthammol, etc.)

14 What is quidding? Dropping partially chewed feed from the mouth.

HIH, 405-3 15 Cremello is a double dilution of what color? Chestnut

HIH 1040-2 16-Toss Up Common signs of ocular disease include color Squinting or closing the eye changes such as redness or cloudiness, increased (indicates pain) tearing and blepharospasm. What is blepharospasm? HIH 465-2 17-Bonus Identify three of the five classifications of donkeys Miniature; Small Standard; according to size Standard; Large Standard; Mammoth HIH 156B-1 18 You are an equine construction specialist and are Slope of 2 to 6 percent preparing a site for a new barn. In regards to topography, what would be your recommendation for grading the soil to facilitate proper drainage and prevent erosion?

HIH 320-2 19 What determines precisely how much lime and Soil test. fertilizer should be applied to a horse pasture?

HIH, 730-1 20 What percent of protein should be in a suckling foal's 16 to 18 %. creep feed?

HIH, 950-5 Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 5

One-1 Your horse sustained a laceration and has bright Direct pressure to the wound red blood spurting from the wound. What would be your initial action to control the bleeding? HIH 440-2 Two-2 Which pony breed is referred to as the “living Exmoor fossil”?

HIH 157B-1 Three-3 Which sex is primarily affected by “X-linked” genetic Males HIH 1060-3 diseases?

Four-4 A “red bag delivery” is most commonly observed in Fescue mares that have been grazed on what type of pasture? HIH 940-4 Five-1 Larvicides are insecticides designed to kill what? Fly larvae.

HIH, 415-4 Six-2 What do you call a blockage of the intestinal tract? Impaction.

HIH, 435-1 Seven-3 In muscle movement, relaxation cannot occur without Calcium. the removal of what ions from the actin and myosin filaments? HIH, 840-2 Eight-4 What is the primary cause of runoff on horse farms? Overgrazing.

HIH, 360-4 9 You are the conditioning veterinarian judge for an Inversion (respiratory rate endurance trail ride. What condition would these higher than the pulse rate) vital signs indicate? Temperature 102 degrees, heart rate 80 beats/minute and respirations 100 breaths per minute.

YLM BEG 115-1L 10 Describe two things you can do to help prevent equine Use insecticides and repellents; encephalomyelitis. eliminate standing water; put a fine screen on stalls; immediately report an outbreak to officials.

HIH, 440-4 11-Toss Up A feed containing 10% crude protein and 15% Mature idle horse or horse with crude fiber would be appropriate for what type of minimal work horse? HIH 745-5 Question # Question Answer Source

12-Bonus The genetic conditions atresia coli and lethal white Atresia coli – the lumen of the foal syndrome are both fatal conditions due to an colon is not continuous and is inability to eliminate waste products from the described as severed, Lethal intestines. In regards to anatomy, how do each of white foal syndrome – intestine these conditions differ as to why the intestine does does not empty correctly due to not function normally? absence of nerves responsible for peristalsis in the intestines

HIH 1060-6 13 You recently purchased a new stallion for your Would expect a lower sperm breeding program. The previous owner stated that count for 65 days after the the stallion had a respiratory illness accompanied illness by a high fever 30 days ago. What impact would this have on the stallion’s fertility?

HIH 920-4 14 You do the math…Your equine transportation 7 stops (the 18 hour unloading YLM ADV company will be trailering a load of horses and will stop would coincide with a stop be traveling 24 hours to reach your destination. to offer the horses water) You plan to stop every 3 hours to offer the horses water and will unload the horses to allow them to rest after 18 hours. Not counting the stop at your final destination, how many stops will you make to care for the horses?

15 What is the cause of Cushing's Syndrome? Increase in cortisol levels due to a pituitary tumor.

HIH, 450-5 16-Toss Up This occurs when the amount of energy consumed by a Weight loss. horse is less than the amount of energy expended.

HIH, 820-1 17-Bonus Name three types of Dun Zebra, Red and Grullo HIH 1040-3

18 Name two types of closed wounds. Bruises or contusions, sprains, muscle and tendon rupture. AYHCLM BEG, 109-2 Leader 19 Animals who live on plant materials are called what? Herbivores.

HIH, 710 20 What is the oldest and most common method for Visual appraisal. selecting hay?

HIH, 750-5 Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 6

One-1 Cataracts are a condition where a cloudiness or Lens YLM 335-3L opacity forms in what structure in the horse’s eye?

Two-2 What color is recessive to both black and bay? Chestnut HIH 1040-1

Three-3 In what year and at what Olympic competition was 1996; Atlanta Olympics HIH 181-D1 freestyle dressage added to the Olympic program?

Four-4 What does the term bishoping refer to? Altering the teeth to conceal age HIH 240 – 4

Five-1 For an obese horse, weight loss should occur Approximately 50 pounds or gradually over several months. What amount of one body condition score weight loss in pounds or what change in the body condition score is recommended in one month? HIH 790-3 Six-2 In feeding management, what is the wicking effect? Uptake of ground moisture into a YLM 710-5 bale of hay

Seven-3 The entire life cycle from egg to adult of a bot fly is 1 year. how long?

HIH, 415-5 Eight-4 When a horse's diet is lacking in long stemmed Cribbing. roughage, what vice is the horse likely to develop?

HIH, 710-5 9 You are the veterinarian on call and are examining Suturing may increase the risk a horse that sustained a laceration to the front of infection due to elapsed time lower leg sometime in the past 12 hours. There is since injury (without the wound no active bleeding from the wound. What would being properly cleaned) be the main reason to not suture this wound?

HIH 440-3 10 You are an equine construction specialist and are Slope of 2 to 6 percent preparing a site for a new barn. In regards to topography, what would be your recommendation for grading the soil to facilitate proper drainage and prevent erosion? HIH 320-2 11-Toss Up Name two body systems that contain muscles that Cardiovascular (circulatory), YLM 325–2L; are involuntary or automatic in their contractions? respiratory, digestive, HIH 840-1 urogenital (urinary and reproductive) Question # Question Answer Source

12-Bonus Other than vitamin or mineral supplements, Warm Temperature; Irritation YLM 206-2L, identify 4 things that have been proven to induce a or injury to sensitive structures HIH 505-6 higher rate of hoof growth? ( founder/ laminitis); Increased exercise or wear; Optimum level of feed intake (proper nutrition); High heart rate; Age of animal (younger grows faster); Stimulation of sensitive structures by massage; Counter irritants or blistering; Do Not Accept Moisture

13 Prostaglandin is administered to the mare to cause Corpus luteum. regression of the what?

HIH, 930-3 14 A large infestation of bots can cause paralysis of what The esophagus. part of the alimentary canal?

HIH, 415-5 15 What term identifies a foal that is born between 300 Premature. and 320 days of gestation?

HIH, 950-9 16-Toss Up What causes heat cramps? Loss of electrolytes.

HIH, 410-1 17-Bonus In an intensive management system, there are 3 Compost-Remove daily and HIH 365-1 ways in which manure can be managed. Name 2 compost; Stockpile - Remove of the recommended methods for manure daily and stockpile; Daily Land management Application

18 What is the name of the area between the loin and the Croups. tail? AYHCLM INT, 223-1 19 What is another name for cheek teeth? Molars.

AYHCLM BEG, 105-1 Leader 20 When viewing a horse from behind, which three parts The gaskin, hock, and hoof. should the imaginary line bisect when dropped from the point of the buttocks to the ground?

HIH, 230-6 Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 7

One-1 Due to the chewing motion of the horse, sharp points Outside the upper jaw teeth and are formed where on the teeth? inside of the lower jaw.

HIH, 710-1 Two-2 In what part of the horse's digestive system is the Large intestine. cellulose material digested?

HIH, 635-2 Three-3 What artery supplies blood to the sensitive structures Digital arteries. of the hoof?

HIH, 505-5 Four-4 What term can be defined as the total amount of air Minute volume. expired or inspired within a minute?

HIH, 810-1 Five-1 Intense exercise correlates with an increased Equine Gastric Ulcer incidence of EGUS. What is EGUS? Syndrome

HIH 795-2 Six-2 What genetic disease is clinically referred to as: the Umbilical hernias. opening at the naval wall does not close normally, resulting in the presence of a sack into which intestines may fall? AYHCLM ADV, 335-3 Leader Seven-3 Ovulation will usually occur in a mare with a large HCG (human chorionic pre-ovulatory follicle within 48 hours after gonadotropin) intravenous administration of what commonly used gonadotropin hormone? HIH 930-4 Eight-4 When viewing a horse from the front, what should be Width of chest, muscling and evaluated? structure of the front leg and hoof, and the head and neck.

HIH, 220-1 9 The coffin bone can sink during what disease? Founder.

HIH, 640-1 10 Horses that have "exercise induced pulmonary Bleeders. hemorrhage" are referred to as what?

HIH, 810-2 11-Toss Up Identify two advantages of a synthetic saddle Less expensive, lighter weight, easier to care for

HIH 1100-3 12-Bonus Identify two of the three acceptable methods for Overdose of barbiturate euthanasia for horses. anesthesia; Gunshot; Penetrating captive bolt HIH 470-1 Question # Question Answer Source

13 You do the math…You are judging a reining class Final score 68 ½ HIH 183D-1 and have just finished scoring the last horse. You have given this horse a total maneuver score of + 3 ½ (plus 3 ½) and total penalties of -5 (minus 5). What would be the final score for penalties of -5 (minus 5). What would be the final score for this horse?

14 What are the two general types of chronic exertional Recurrent exertional HIH 795-4 rhabdomyloysis? rhabdomyloysis (RER) ; Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM)

15 Identify the 2 neurologic equine diseases that are Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) and HIH 445-2, 445-8: caused by a type of Clostridia bacteria Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)

16-Toss Up Timeline…You are a farrier and are demonstrating Clinch cutter…pull offs…hoof HIH 535-2, 535-3 how to remove a shoe and trim the hoof. What is knife…nippers…rasp the correct order to use the following five farrier tools when accomplishing this task? Nippers, Hoof Knife, Clinch cutter, Rasp, Pull Offs

17-Bonus Erosion on your pastures is affected by what four Soil type (would include clay, HIH 360-4 environmental factors? sandy, rocky, etc.), slope of the land (topography),amount of rain or snowfall (precipitation) and vegetative cover

18 What joint do osselets affect? Fetlock joint.

HIH, 455-5 19 What is the common name for Equine Spinal Ataxia? Wobbles.

HIH, 410 20 What genetic disease is clinically described as the Laryngeal hemiplagia. paralysis of muscles which move cartilages in the larynx and results in noise production in the throat with exercise and a tendency towards exercise intolerance? AYHCLM ADV, 335-3 Leader Question # Question Answer Source

ROUND 8

One-1 If a horse desires to see an object that is far away, what Lower the head. must it do with it's head?

HIH, 1220-1 Two-2 What type of horse is most likely to wear toe clips? Draft horse.

AYHCLM INT, 231-2 Leader Three-3 Name the three gaits of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Flat-foot walk, running walk, canter.

HIH, 152-1 Four-4 What disease is caused by a Streptococcus equi Strangles/ Distemper. infection?

HIH, 615 Five-1 What is the single greatest cause of infection and death Failure of passive transfer (of in foals? antibodies from colostrum) also Maladjustment Syndrome.

HIH, 950-2 Six-2 What are used for? Made to fill with gear, food, and equipment for a pack trip. AYHCLM BEG, 118-2 Leader Seven-3 Name the three items that are known as fittings for an leathers, stirrup irons, . .

HIH, 1100-3 Eight-4 What specific part of a bridle prevents injury to the Curb strap or . roof of the horse's mouth?

HIH, 1100-10 9 What are fire tongs used for? Holds hot shoes while they are being shaped.

HIH, 530-4 10 What is the purpose of a pritchel? To open the nail holes on a horse shoe.

HIH, 530-4 11-Toss Up What are the paired, long, threadlike structures in a Chromosomes. cell nucleus that contain genetic material?

HIH, 1020-1 12-Bonus Name four breeds of horses that were involved in the Thoroughbred; Standardbred; development of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Morgan; American Saddlebred.

HIH, 152 Question # Question Answer Source

13 A that is about 4 feet long with a lash 6 - 8 feet Longeing. long would be used for what?

NHEEC, 171 14 How many chromosome pairs does a horse have? 32 pairs.

HIH, 1020 15 How would you know if a vein was lacerated? Dark blood would continuously flow. AYHCLM BEG, 109-4 Leader 16-Toss Up What tool is useful in helping to visualize the ideal Compass, ruler, or hoof gauge. proportion and symmetry of the hoof?

HIH, 510-2 17-Bonus There are 7 different types of western saddles. Name Pleasure/trail; endurance; 5. equitation; reining; gymkhana; roping; cutting; barrel racing.

HIH, 1100-4-5 18 What are the most persistent pests to horses? Flies.

HIH, 415-1 19 What is another name for the grain sorghum? Milo.

HIH, 760-6 20 Name the type of stall bedding that is the most Peat moss. absorbent of all materials used for bedding horses.

HIH, 340-1