Incremental Learning and Testing of Reactive Systems
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Implementation of Recursively Enumerable Languages Using Universal Turing Machine in JFLAP
International Journal of Information and Computation Technology. ISSN 0974-2239 Volume 4, Number 1 (2014), pp. 79-84 © International Research Publications House http://www. irphouse.com /ijict.htm Implementation of Recursively Enumerable Languages using Universal Turing Machine in JFLAP Ankur Singh1 and Jainendra Singh2 1Department of Computer Science, IEC College of Engineering, Greater Noida, INDIA. 2 Department of Computer Science, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, C-4, Janakpuri, New Delhi, INDIA. Abstract This paper presents the implementation of recursively enumerable language using Universal Turing machine for JFLAP platform. Automata play a major role in compiler design and parsing. The class of formal languages that work for the most complex problems belongs to the set of Recursively Enumerable Language (REL).RELs are accepted by the type of automata as Turing Machine. Turing Machines are the most powerful computational machines and are the theoretical basis for modern computers. Turing Machine works for all classes of languages including regular language, Context Free Languages as well as Recursive Enumerable Languages. Still it is a tedious task to create and maintain Turing Machines for all problems. The Universal Turing Machine (UTM) is a solution to this problem. A UTM simulates any other TM, thus providing a single model and solution for all the computational problems. Universal Turing Machine is used to implementation of RELs for JFLAP platform. JFLAP is most successful and widely used tool for visualizing and simulating all types of automata. Keywords: Automata; Compiler; Turing Machine; TM; JFLAP; PDA. 1. Introduction An automaton is a mathematical model for a finite state machine (FSM). A FSM is a machine that has a set of input symbols and transitions and jumps through a series of states according to a transition function. -
JFLAP – an Interactive Formal Languages and Automata Package
JFLAP – An Interactive Formal Languages and Automata Package Susan H. Rodger Thomas W. Finley Duke University Cornell University October 18, 2005 ii To Thomas, Erich, and Markus — S. H. Rodger KYHDKIKINKOIIAGKTIYKD BLGKLGFAROADGINIRJREL MRJHKDIARARATALYMFTKY DRNERKTMATSKHWGOBBKRY RDUNDFFKCKALAAKBUTCIO MIOIAJSAIDMJEWRYRKOKF WFYUSCIYETEGAUDNMULWG NFUCRYJJTYNYHTEOJHMAM NUEWNCCTHKTYMGFDEEFUN AULWSBTYMUAIYKHONJNHJ TRRLLYEMNHBGTRTDGBCMS RYHKTGAIERFYABNCRFCLJ NLFFNKAULONGYTMBYLWLU SRAUEEYWELKCSIBMOUKDW MEHOHUGNIGNEMNLKKHMEH CNUSCNEYNIIOMANWGAWNI MTAUMKAREUSHMTSAWRSNW EWJRWFEEEBAOKGOAEEWAN FHJDWKLAUMEIAOMGIEGBH IEUSNWHISDADCOGTDRWTB WFCSCDOINCNOELTEIUBGL — T. W. Finley Contents Preface ix JFLAP Startup xiv 1 Finite Automata 1 1.1 A Simple Finite Automaton . 1 1.1.1 Create States . 2 1.1.2 Define the Initial State and the Final State . 2 1.1.3 Creating Transitions . 2 1.1.4 Deleting States and Transitions . 3 1.1.5 Attribute Editor Tool . 3 1.2 Simulation of Input . 5 1.2.1 Stepping Simulation . 5 1.2.2 Fast Simulation . 7 1.2.3 Multiple Simulation . 8 1.3 Nondeterminism . 9 1.3.1 Creating Nondeterministic Finite Automata . 9 1.3.2 Simulation . 10 1.4 Simple Analysis Operators . 12 1.4.1 Compare Equivalence . 13 1.4.2 Highlight Nondeterminism . 13 1.4.3 Highlight λ-Transitions . 13 1.5 Alternative Multiple Character Transitions∗ ....................... 13 1.6 Definition of FA in JFLAP . 14 1.7 Summary . 15 1.8 Exercises . 15 2 NFA to DFA to Minimal DFA 19 2.1 NFA to DFA . 19 iii iv CONTENTS 2.1.1 Idea for the Conversion . 19 2.1.2 Conversion Example . 20 2.1.3 Algorithm to Convert NFA M to DFA M 0 .................... 22 2.2 DFA to Minimal DFA . 23 2.2.1 Idea for the Conversion . 23 2.2.2 Conversion Example . -
Animating the Conversion of Nondeterministic Finite State
ANIMATING THE CONVERSION OF NONDETERMINISTIC FINITE STATE AUTOMATA TO DETERMINISTIC FINITE STATE AUTOMATA by William Patrick Merryman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana January 2007 ©COPYRIGHT by William Patrick Merryman 2007 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by William Patrick Merryman This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citations, bibliographic content, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Dr. Rockford Ross Approved for the Department of Computer Science Dr. Michael Oudshoorn Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. William Patrick Merryman January, 2007 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ -
Formal Verification of Hardware Peripheral with Security Property
EXAMENSARBETE INOM TEKNIK, GRUNDNIVÅ, 15 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2017 Formal Verification of Hardware Peripheral with Security Property Formell verifikation av extern hårdvara med säkerhetskrav VT 2017 NIKLAS ROSENKRANTZ JONATHAN Y HÅKANSSON KTH SKOLAN FÖR DATAVETENSKAP OCH KOMMUNIKATION Formal Verification of Hardware Peripheral with Security Property Jonathan Yao Håkansson, Niklas Rosencrantz Supervisor: Roberto Guanciale Examiner: Örjan Ekeberg CSC, KTH 2017 Abstract One problem with computers is that the operating system automatically trusts any externally connected peripheral. This can result in abuse when a peripheral technically can violate the security model because the peripheral is trusted. Because of that the security is an important issue to look at. The aim of our project is to see in which cases hardware peripherals can be trusted. We built a model of the universal asynchronous transmitter/receiver (UART), a model of the main memory (RAM) and a model of a DMA controller. We analysed interaction between hardware peripherals, user processes and the main memory. One of our results is that connections with hardware peripherals are secure if the hardware is properly configured. A threat scenario could be an eavesdropper or man-in-the-middle trying to steal data or change a cryptographic key. We consider the use-cases of DMA and protecting a cryptographic key. We prove the well-behavior of the algorithm. Some error-traces resulted from incorrect modelling that was resolved by adjusting the models. Benchmarks were done for different memory sizes. The result is that a peripheral can be trusted provided a configuration is done. Our models consist of finite state machines and their corresponding SMV modules. -
Using Jflap in Academics to Understand Automata Theory in a Better Way
International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-5, May.-2018 http://iraj.in USING JFLAP IN ACADEMICS TO UNDERSTAND AUTOMATA THEORY IN A BETTER WAY KAVITA TEWANI Assistant Professor, Institute of Technology, Nirma University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - As it is been observed that the things get much easier once we visualize it and hence this paper is just a step towards it. Usually many subjects in computer engineering curriculum like algorithms, data structures, and theory of computation are taught theoretically however it lacks the visualization that may help students to understand the concepts in a better way. The paper shows some of the practices on tool called JFLAP (Java Formal Languages and Automata Package) and the statistics on how it affected the students to learn the concepts easily. The diagrammatic representation is used to help the theory mentioned. Keywords - Automata, JFLAP, Grammar, Chomsky Heirarchy , Turing Machine, DFA, NFA I. INTRODUCTION visualization and interaction in the course is enhanced through the popular software tools[6,7]. The proper The theory of computation is a basic course in use of JFLAP and instructions are provided in the computer engineering discipline. It is the subject manual “JFLAP activities for Formal Languages and which is been taught theoretically and hands-on Automata” by Peter Linz and Susan Rodger. It problems are given to the students to enhance the includes the theoretical approach and their understanding but it lacks the programming implementation in JFLAP. [10] assignment. However the subject is the base for creation of compilers and therefore should be given III. -
Using JFLAP to Interact with Theorems in Automata Theory
Usi ng JFL AP to Interact wi th Theorems in Automata Theory Eric Gra mond and Susan H. Ro dger Duke Uni versity, Durham, NC ro dger@cs. duke. edu ract Abst son is that students do not receive immediate feedback when working problems using pencil and paper. Weaker students An automata theory course can be taught in an interactive, especially need to work additional problems to understand hands-on manner using a computer. At Duke we have been concepts, and need to know if their solutions are correct. using the software tool JFLAP to provide interaction and The notation in the automata theory course is needed to feedback in CPS 140, our automata theory course. JFLAP describe theoretical representations of languages (automata is a tool for designing and running nondeterministic ver- and grammars). Tools such as JFLAP provide students an sions of finite automata, pushdown automata, and Turing alternative visual representation and a chance to create and machines. Recently, we have enhanced JFLAP to allow one simulate these representations. As students interact and re- to study the proofs of several theorems that focus on conver- ceive feedback on concepts with the visual representations sions of languages, from one form to another, such as con- provided in JFLAP, they may become more comfortable with verting an NFA to a DFA and then to a minimum state DFA. the mathematical notation used in the formal representation. In addition, our enhancements combined with other tools al- Recently we have extended JFLAP to allow one to in- low one to interactively study LL and LR parsing methods. -
Implementation of Unrestricted Grammar in to the Recursively Enumerable Language Using Turing Machine
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) ||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 3 ||Pages|| 56-59 ||2013|| ISSN: 2319 – 1813 ISBN: 2319 – 1805 Implementation of Unrestricted Grammar in To the Recursively Enumerable Language Using Turing Machine 1,Jainendra Singh, 2, Dr. S.K. Saxena 1,Department of Computer Science, Maharaja Surajmal Institute 2,Department of Computer Engineering, Delhi Technological University -------------------------------------------------------Abstract------------------------------------------------------- This paper presents the implementation of the unrestricted grammar in to recursively enumerable language for JFLAP platform. Automata play a major role in compiler design and parsing. The class of formal languages that work for the most complex problems belongs to the set of Recursively Enumerable Language (REL).RELs are accepted by the type of automata as Turing Machine. Turing Machines are the most powerful computational machines and are the theoretical basis for modern computers. Turing Machine works for all classes of languages including regular language, CFL as well as Recursive Enumerable Languages. Unrestricted grammar are much more powerful than restricted forms like the regular and context free grammars. In facts, unrestricted grammars corresponds to the largest family of languages so we can hope to recognize by mechanical means; that is unrestricted grammars generates exactly the family of recursively enumerable languages. Turing Machine is used to implementation of unrestricted grammar & RELs for JFLAP -
Advanced SPIN Tutorial
Advanced SPIN Tutorial Theo C. Ruys1 and Gerard J. Holzmann2 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Twente. P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. http://www.cs.utwente.nl/~ruys/ 2 NASA/JPL, Laboratory for Reliable Software. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. http://spinroot.com/gerard/ Abstract. Spin [9] is a model checker for the verification of distributed systems software. The tool is freely distributed, and often described as one of the most widely used verification systems. The Advanced Spin Tu- torial is a sequel to [7] and is targeted towards intermediate to advanced Spin users. 1 Introduction Spin [2{5, 9] supports the formal verification of distributed systems code. The software was developed at Bell Labs in the formal methods and verification group starting in 1980. Spin is freely distributed, and often described as one of the most widely used verification systems. It is estimated that between 5,000 and 10,000 people routinely use Spin. Spin was awarded the ACM Software System Award for 2001 [1]. The automata-theoretic foundation for Spin is laid by [10]. The very recent [5] describes Spin 4.0, the latest version of the tool. The Spin software is written in standard ANSI C, and is portable across all versions of the UNIX operating system, including Mac OS X. It can also be compiled to run on any standard PC running Linux or Microsoft Windows. 2 Tutorial The Advanced Spin Tutorial is a sequel to [7] and is targeted towards interme- diate to advanced Spin users. The objective of the Advanced Spin Tutorial is to (further) educate the Spin 2004 attendees on model checking technology in general and Spin in particular. -
Duke University Department of Computer Science
Duke University Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Box 90129 Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0129 jfl[email protected] July 11, 2007 2007 Premier Award Greetings: Enclosed is a submission of JFLAP, a software tool for formal languages and automata theory in computer science, and a tutorial on JFLAP for consideration for the 2007 NEEDS Premier Award. Included are 15 copies of the submission packet. JFLAP was submitted to NEEDS last year. The newest version of JFLAP, Version 6.1, is available for downloading from www.jflap.org. The web tutorial on JFLAP is also available from this same page. I am the sole faculty member who has developed JFLAP and related tools over the past 17 years, supervising many students. I’m including several former and current Duke students I’ve contacted who worked on the current version of JFLAP and its tutorial: Thomas Fin- ley ([email protected]) (now at Cornell University), Stephen Reading ([email protected]), Bartlett Bressler ([email protected]), Ryan Cavalcante ([email protected]) (now at Microsoft), Jinghui Lim ([email protected]), Chris Morgan ([email protected]) and Kyung Min (Jason) Lee ([email protected]). I am authorized to submit the software for the Premier competition. My contact information is above. I hold the copyright on JFLAP. Susan Rodger authorizes NEEDS to become a non-exclusive distributor of the JFLAP software as submitted. JFLAP is software for experimenting with formal languages and automata theory and can be used with a course in Formal Languages, Discrete Mathematics, or Compilers. With JFLAP one can create and test automata, pushdown automata, multi-tape Turing machines, regular grammars, context-free grammars, unrestricted grammars and L-systems. -
Experiences from Large-Scale Model Checking: Verification of a Vehicle Control System
Experiences from Large-Scale Model Checking: Verification of a Vehicle Control System Jonas Fritzsch Tobias Schmid Stefan Wagner University of Stuttgart BMW AG University of Stuttgart Institute of Software Engineering Munich, Germany Institute of Software Engineering Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—In the age of autonomously driving vehi- safety that depends on a system or equipment operating cles, functionality and complexity of embedded systems correctly in response to its inputs” [3] is associated with the are increasing tremendously. Safety aspects become involved electrical, electronic, and programmable systems. more important and require such systems to operate with the highest possible level of fault tolerance. Simu- Car manufacturers thus need to “prove that the designed lation and systematic testing techniques have reached system fulfills the functional safety requirements according their limits in this regard. Here, formal verification to ISO 26262” [4] which is mandatory for the certification as a long established technique can be an appropriate of automated driving systems [5]. complement. However, the necessary preparatory work Traditional testing and simulation techniques, or failure like adequately modeling a system and specifying prop- erties in temporal logic are anything but trivial. In this mode and effects analysis (FMEA) alone reach their limits paper, we report on our experiences applying model in this regard. An exhaustive verification with limited checking to verify the arbitration logic of a Vehicle resources and time is difficult to achieve or even im- Control System. We balance pros and cons of different possible. -
Implementation of Recursively Enumerable Languages in Universal Turing Machine
International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol.3, No.1, February, 2011 1793-8201 Implementation of Recursively Enumerable Languages in Universal Turing Machine Sumitha C.H, Member, ICMLC and Krupa Ophelia Geddam called a Universal Turing Machine (UTM, or simply a Abstract—This paper presents the design and working of a universal machine) [4]. Universal Turing Machine (UTM) for the JFLAP platform. A UTM is the abstract model for all computational models. Automata play a major role in compiler design and parsing. A UTM T is an automaton that, given as input the The class of formal languages that work for the most complex U description of any Turing Machine T and a string w, can problems belong to the set of Recursively Enumerable M Languages (REL). RELs are accepted by the type of automata simulate the computation of M on w [6]. JFLAP represents a known as Turing Machines. Turing Machines are the most Turing Machine as a directed graph. JFLAP is extremely powerful computational machines and are the theoretical basis useful in constructing UTMs as the Turing Machine for modern computers. Still it is a tedious task to create and transducers can run with multiple inputs. Complex Turing maintain Turing Machines for all the problems. To solve this machines can also be built by using other Turing Machines as Universal Turing Machine (UTM) is designed in this paper. The components or building blocks for the same [2]. UTM works for all classes of languages including regular languages, Context Free Languages as well as Recursively Enumerable Languages. A UTM simulates any other TM, thus providing a single model and solution for all the computational II. -
Using Jflap in Academics to Understand Automata Theory in a Better Way
USING JFLAP IN ACADEMICS TO UNDERSTAND AUTOMATA THEORY IN A BETTER WAY KAVITA TEWANI Assistant Professor, Institute of Technology, Nirma University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - As it is been observed that the things get much easier once we visualize it and hence this paper is just a step towards it. Usually many subjects in computer engineering curriculum like algorithms, data structures, and theory of computation are taught theoretically however it lacks the visualization that may help students to understand the concepts in a better way. The paper shows some of the practices on tool called JFLAP (Java Formal Languages and Automata Package) and the statistics on how it affected the students to learn the concepts easily. The diagrammatic representation is used to help the theory mentioned. Keywords - Automata, JFLAP, Grammar, Chomsky Heirarchy , Turing Machine, DFA, NFA I. INTRODUCTION visualization and interaction in the course is enhanced through the popular software tools[6,7]. The proper The theory of computation is a basic course in use of JFLAP and instructions are provided in the computer engineering discipline. It is the subject manual “JFLAP activities for Formal Languages and which is been taught theoretically and hands-on Automata” by Peter Linz and Susan Rodger. It problems are given to the students to enhance the includes the theoretical approach and their understanding but it lacks the programming implementation in JFLAP. [10] assignment. However the subject is the base for creation of compilers and therefore should be given III. ABOUT JFLAP much more emphasis not just on paper problems but also in simulations.