Tye Lane, Willisham
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I I I ARCHAEOLOGICAL I SERVICE I I Archaeological Monitoring I Report (No. 99/7) Willisham Tye I (MS/29/97, WLS00S) I I I I I I I I I Suffolk County Council P. J. Thompson Msc CEng FICE, County Director of Environment & Transport St Edmund House, County Hall, Ipswich Suffolk I IP41LZ Tel. (01473) 583000 � I I r 1 I I I I I I Archaeological Monitoring I Report (No. 99/7) Willisham Tye I (MS/29/97, WLS00S) I I I Contents: ! .. Summary I 2. Background 3. Site monitoring I 4. Conclusion Fig. 1 Site location I Fig. 2 Monitored house plots I Appendix I Pottery quantification I J.Newman&S.Anderson (findsreport) Field Team, I Archaeological Service, Environment&Transport Dept., I SuffolkC.C. I I 11 I I I I Iye Lane, Willisham Record of archaeological monitoring I (MS/29/97. WLS005. Report No99/7) I 1. Summary Tye Lane, Willisham (WLS005,TM06265102) Monitoring of groundwork's for a small residential development to the south of I Tye Lane, Willisham, revealed evidence for medieval activity of 11th-14th century date with a marked concentration of finds and features close to the tye edge as I indicated on late 18th century maps of the area. While most of the pottery finds were unstratified, two or three features were identified indicating the possible site of a tye I edge house or cottage site. 2. Background I Following a planning application (MS/29/97) to develop a 0.6 hectare parcel of land to the south ofTye Lane, Willisham, for residential use the Conservation Team within the Archaeological Service at Suffolk C.C. advised the local planning authority I that consent should be conditional on the implementation of a programme of works designed to record any evidence of past activity on the site. Interest in the site being generated by it's position straddling the southern edge of the tye, or area of common I grazing and landuse, where evidence for medieval activity might be expected. The site is centred at TM 0626 5102 on heavy boulder clay in an area of flat topography. This I monitoring work was funded by the site developers, V.A.Marriott Ltd with the full and close co-operation of their site agent. For the location of the site see Fig. I. The initial stage in the programme of archaeological works was a desk based I assessment (Field Projects Report no 97/32 by C.Abbott) which examined the map sources available in the Suffolk Record Office. This study confirmed the presence of the tye on a late 18th century map but noted that the area of common grazing had been I enclosed and new field boundaries established by the time of the tithe map in 1839. The assessment concluded that the tye edge ran in a north-west to south-east direction across the proposed development area with the greatest potential for medievalactivity I being in plots 5 to 7 where building work might affect the boundary and plots 3 andA where the line of the tye edge would cross back gardens. Following the submission of the assessment report the Conservation Team at Suffolk C. C. advised the site I developers that the programme of archaeological works should be completed by I monitoring of groundwork's and the Field Team was commissioned to do this work. I I I I I 3. Site Monitoring Monitoring of groundwork's was carried out between July and September, 1998, and in all a total of ten visits were made as each house plot was stripped of topsoil I using a wheeled machine equipped with a toothed bucket on it's back-acter. In general surface visibility was fair to good and it is unlikely that any major deposits were missed. Over each house plot the scraped subsoil surface, which was under some I 300/350mm of topsoil, was examined for archaeological features and finds. In addition spoil from the site was examined for finds. In order to record the features and finds that were observed and collected a single continuous numbering system was I used where features were allocated a unique number as were discrete house plots as the latter were usually examined on separate visits. The county sites and monuments I record number, WLS 005, was given to the site. 3.1 Monitoring record I At the eastern end of the site, which would have been well onto the medieval tye, house plots 1,2 and 3 (see Fig.2 for plot location) produced very few finds with only two pottery sherds from plots 1 and 3 and none from plot 2 (see table below for I quantified summary). As the site work moved closer to the line of the tye edge the number of finds increased with 7 sherds from the surface of plot 4; 15 sherds from a possible pit (0005) towards the rear of this plot and 9 sherds (0006) from around the I pit. A number of baked clay fragments and oyster shells were also noted at the southern end of plot 4 which are likely to be associated with medieval activity on the site. I On the adjacent plot 5, and still within the predicted tye edge, a shallow but definite ditch or gully (0008) was located running east-west before it's latter end turned north and disappeared in an area of machine scrape. Plot 5 produced 30 sherds I as surface finds with a further 18 sherds coming from the small ditch. This ditch (0008) was some 400mm wide and 250mm deep and it is noteworthy that the 18 I sherds from this context came to a greater weight (173g) than the 30 sherds from the surface of plot 5. The area of plot Swould appear to be the focus for medieval activity along this part of the tye edge notwithstanding the factthat the recorded ditch and I associated concentration of pottery sherds, fired clay fragments and 1ava quem fragment all lie inside the line of the tye edge as recreated from later map sources. To the west of plot 5 the adjacent plot 6 did not produce any finds or features I while plots 7 (13 sherds) and 9 (6 sherds) produced relatively small quantities of increasingly abraded.material with plots 8 and 10revealing no evidence for past activity at all. Finally a pipe trench (00 11) along the northern side of plots 5-8 was I examined and 6 sherds were recovered. I (contd.) I I I I I I 3.2 Table of results OP Description Pottery Fired clay Lava quern I No. WtJg. No. WtJg No. WtJg I 0002 Plot 1 2 7 0003 Plot 3 2 11 0004 Plot4 7 40 I 0005 ?Pit at rear of plot 4 15 52 0006 Scatter at rear of plot 4 9 27 0007 Plot 5 30 114 2 8 1 41 I 0008 Ditch on plot 5 18 173 4 55 0009 Plot 7 13 69 0010 Plot 9 6 19 I 0011 Pipe trench adj. plots 5-8 6 42 I Total 108 554 6 63 1 41 The finds I S.Anderson Finds were collected from ten contexts, as shown in the table above. All were I surface finds from house plots, except 0005 (?pit) and 0008 (ditch). Pottery I Most of the material was locally produced sandy and/or sparse shell tempered early and high medieval wares (11th-14th centuries). Some was attributable to production sites at Melton and Hollesley. However, there was also material similar to pottery I from Cedar's Farm, Stowmarket, and it seems likely that there was another, as yet unidentified, source close to the town. Little earlier or later pottery was identified , but there was a single small abraded sherd of possible Roman date (0006), and a fine Late I Medieval sherd with a spot of glaze on the outer surface (00 10). Most identified vessels were jars or cooking pots, some with signs of sooting. One Hollesley-type rim from a bowl was found. I The identified features can be dated to the late 13th.. 14th century (0005) and the I 12th-13th century (0008). Other finds A small fragment of abraded lava quem was found in 0007, and fired clayI daub I fragments were collected from 0007 and 0008. Discussion I The majority of material in this assemblage is of early medieval and medieval date and suggests a peak of activity in these periods. Most of the pottery was probably I I I I I produced around the Stowmarket and Hollesley areas, perhaps suggesting distribution via Stowmarket and Ipswich. I 4. Conclusion The monitoring results confirmed the high potential that the tye edge was seen to I have with the clear indication outlined above for a house or cottage site of late 11th to 14th century date on the site. While the monitoring did not record any evidence for structures on the site the two identified features and quantity of finds recovered from I plots 4 and 5 are significant indicators of settled occupation with over 500g of pottery from the site in general. The lack of structural evidence for a house or cottage of this date, and of probable low to medium status, being unsurprising given the medieval I peasant building tradition which relied on simple timber framing with little reliance on earth-fast foundation posts, beams or other solid foundations. However it is I surprising that the focus of medieval activity on plots 4 and 5 appears to lie just inside the tye edge where settlement would have been restricted and it may be that the postulated edge created from Post medieval map sources is too generalised for I detailed plotting on this scale.