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Port Alberni EEM Cycle 7 Environmental Specialist Since 1974 Port Alberni Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Cycle Seven Interpretive Report March 2016 Prepared for: Catalyst Paper Corporation Port Alberni, British Columbia #200 - 850 Harbourside Drive, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7P 0A3 • Tel: 1.604.926.3261 • Fax: 1.604.926.5389 • www.hatfieldgroup.com PORT ALBERNI ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING CYCLE SEVEN INTERPRETIVE REPORT Prepared for: CATALYST PAPER CORPORATION PORT ALBERNI DIVISION 4000 STAMP AVENUE PORT ALBERNI, BC V9Y 5J7 Prepared by: HATFIELD CONSULTANTS #200 - 850 HARBOURSIDE DRIVE NORTH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA V7P 0A3 MARCH 2016 PA6429 VERSION 3 #200 - 850 Harbourside Drive, North Vancouver, BC, Canada V7P 0A3 • Tel: 1.604.926.3261 • Toll Free: 1.866.926.3261 • Fax: 1.604.926.5389 • www.hatfieldgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... iv LIST OF APPENDICES .........................................................................................v LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................... viii DISTRIBUTION LIST ........................................................................................... ix AMENDMENT RECORD ..................................................................................... ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1 2.0 MILL OPERATIONS AND STUDY AREA ....................................................3 2.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS AND UPDATES ...................................................... 3 2.2 EFFLUENT QUALITY ........................................................................................... 6 2.3 SPILLS TO THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ................................................... 6 2.4 STUDY AREA UPDATES ..................................................................................... 6 2.5 CYCLE SEVEN STUDY DESIGN UPDATE ......................................................... 6 3.0 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY OF EFFLUENT ....................................................9 3.1 METHODS .......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 General Methods and Definitions ......................................................... 10 3.1.2 Sublethal Toxicity Test Methods ........................................................... 10 3.1.3 Zones of Effluent Concentration ........................................................... 11 3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................ 12 3.2.1 Echinoderm Fertilization Test ............................................................... 12 3.2.2 Champia parvula Algal Reproduction Test ........................................... 12 3.2.3 Potential Zone of Sublethal Effect ........................................................ 13 3.3 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 15 4.0 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY ...................................................... 16 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 16 4.2 STUDY DESIGN AND STATION SELECTION .................................................. 16 4.3 METHODS .......................................................................................................... 17 4.3.1 Field Sampling Procedures ................................................................... 17 4.3.2 Taxonomic Analysis .............................................................................. 20 4.3.3 Data and Statistical Analysis ................................................................ 20 4.4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 24 4.4.1 Density and Taxa Richness .................................................................. 25 4.4.2 Evenness Index and Simpson’s Diversity ............................................. 25 Port Alberni EEM i Hatfield Cycle Seven Interpretive Report 4.4.3 Bray-Curtis Index .................................................................................. 25 4.4.4 Community Composition ....................................................................... 29 4.4.5 Cluster Analysis .................................................................................... 29 4.4.6 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................ 33 4.4.7 QA/QC Verifications .............................................................................. 35 4.5 SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ............................................... 35 4.5.1 Water Quality ........................................................................................ 35 4.5.2 Sediment ............................................................................................... 35 4.5.3 Statistical Assessment of Supporting Data ........................................... 44 4.6 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 45 4.6.1 Comparison with Previous Cycles ........................................................ 45 4.6.2 Effects Along the Exposure Gradient .................................................... 49 5.0 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................ 51 5.1 SUBLETHAL TOXICITY OF EFFLUENT ........................................................... 51 5.2 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY ................................................................ 51 6.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 52 Port Alberni EEM ii Hatfield Cycle Seven Interpretive Report LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Annual averages of process effluent variables for Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division, 1999 to 2015. ....................................................................................................... 7 Table 3.1 Potential zone of sublethal effect and geometric mean for Port Alberni, EEM Cycles One though Cycle Seven. ..................................................................................... 14 Table 4.1 Station location, distance from outfall and data sampled for the benthic invertebrate survey, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 2015. ...................................... 17 Table 4.2 Benthic invertebrate community statistics, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 20151. ................................................................................................................................ 24 Table 4.3 Juvenile invertebrate density and taxa richness, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 2015. .......................................................................................................................... 28 Table 4.4 Total and mean densities of the most abundant taxa in the Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven benthic invertebrate community survey (90% of total abundance), March 2015. ...................................................................................................................... 31 Table 4.5 Relationships between benthic invertebrate metrics and absolute distance from the mill outfall, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 2015. .............................................. 34 Table 4.6 Relationships between benthic invertebrate metrics and C/N ratio, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven EEM, July 2015. .................................................................................. 34 Table 4.7 Near-bottom water quality, habitat characteristic and sediment quality at benthic invertebrate sampling stations, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 2015 ...................... 43 Table 4.8 Relationships between supporting environmental variables and absolute distance from the outfall, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven, July 2015. ............................................. 44 Table 4.9 Spearman’s rank correlations (rs) between benthic community metrics and supporting environmental variables, Port Alberni Cycle Seven, July 2015. ..................... 45 Table 4.10 Mean density and richness of benthic invertebrate communities in Alberni Inlet, Port Alberni EEM Cycles Three (2003), Four (2006) and Seven (2015). ......................... 46 Table 4.11 Environment Canada criteria for classifying impacts of organic carbon concentrations and oxidative state in marine sediments (Environment Canada 2010). ................................................................................................................................ 47 Table 4.12 Evaluation of sediment variables at each station based on Environment Canada impact criteria, Port Alberni EEM Cycles Three, Four, Five and Seven. .......................... 48 Table 4.13 Summary of benthic invertebrate endpoint analyses, Port Alberni EEM Cycle Seven. ............................................................................................................................... 49 Port Alberni EEM iii Hatfield
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