Price € 1,00. Back issues € 2,00 L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANO WEEKLY EDITION IN ENGLISH Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt

Forty-eighth year, number 31 (2407) Vatican City Friday, 31 July 2015

The Pope makes an appeal at the Angelus for the release of Jesuit Paolo Dall’O glio Freedom for captives in Syria

And he is the first to enroll as a pilgrim for WYD 2016 in Krakow

people appeared beside him at the window of the Apostolic Palace, as Pope Francis invited their peers throughout the world “to experience this pilgrimage either by going to Krakow, or by taking part in this moment of grace in their own com- munities”. As Sunday was the day of the liturgical feast of Sts Joachim and Anne, Jesus’ grandparents, the Pontiff also acknowledged “all grandmothers and grandfathers, thanking them for their valuable presence in families and for the new generations”. Before the Marian prayer, the Pope spoke about Sunday’s Readings, which focused on the event of the multiplication of loaves and fish, which were provided by a boy who gave all that he had. After reciting the Angelus on for the release of this esteemed reli- Pe t e r ’s Square to join him in praying “Before the suffering, loneliness, poverty and difficulties of so many Sunday, 26 July, Pope Francis called gious man”, and remembered “the the Hail Mary. p eople”, the Holy Father asked, on local and international authorities Orthodox Bishops also abducted in Sunday’s Angelus was particularly “what can we do?”. Like the lad in to renew their commitment to secure Syria and all the other people who memorable for the Holy Father’s un- the freedom of abductees in Syria. precedented act: with several clicks the Gospel, he said, “we can offer As the second anniversary of the have been seized in the areas of con- on a tablet, he officially opened re- the little that we have”, which may kidnapping of the Jesuit Paolo flict”. As a sign of “affection and in gistration for World Youth Day in consist of time, talents, skills. D all’Oglio approaches, the Pope joining their suffering”, he asked the Poland, scheduled to take place ex- made “an earnest and urgent appeal numerous faithful present in St actly one year from now. Two young PAGE 3

Archbishop emeritus of Washington Message for the 89th World Mission Day A student remembers his teacher Martin West Cardinal Baum dies The grammar of faith The text must come first PAGE 4 PAGE 8

Renewal in the Holy Spirit Safeguarding the musical traditions Who are we of Eastern Christianity to cause division? To sing with two lungs PAGE 9

New Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenians The Pope’s message for the 89th World Mission Day to be celeb- rated on Sunday, 18 October A good shepherd for the Middle East

PAGE 6/7 Pope Francis has sent a mes- sage of congratulations to the newly elected Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenians, His Beatitude Grégoire Pierre XX Secretariat for the Economy Ghabroyan. The letter, dated The 2014 financial 25 July, also expresses the Holy Father’s concession of statements of the Holy ecclesiastical communion to See and Governorate the new patriarch.

PAGE 10 PAGE 8 PAGE 2 page 2 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 31 July 2015, number 31

Letter conceding ecclesiastical communion to Grégoire Pierre XX G h a b ro y a n Patriarch of Cilicia A good shepherd for Armenians The new Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenians is 80 years old. He for those suffering in the Middle East was born in Aleppo, Syria, on 15 November 1934. After attending We are publishing below a translation the minor seminary in Bzommar, of the letter written in French, in which Lebanon, run by the Marist Fath- Pope Francis communicated his ers in Jounieh, Lebanon, he com- concession of ecclesiastical communion pleted his studies at the Pontifical to His Beatitude Grégoire Pierre XX Gregorian University in Rome. Ghabroyan, who was elected Patriarch He was ordained a priest on 28 of Cilicia for Armenians on 24 July, March 1959 for the Institute of by the Synod of that Patriarchal the Patriarchal Clergy of Bzom- mar. On 3 January 1977, he was C h u rc h . appointed as the Apostolic Ex- arch for Armenian Catholics res- ident in France, and received the titular See of Amida for Armeni- ans. He was ordained a bishop on the following 13 February by Patriarch Hemaiagh Pierre XVII Ghedighian, CAM. On 30 June 1986, the apostolic exarchate was Miniature depicting St Gregory of Narek raised to the level of eparchy with the title of “S a i n t e - C ro i x - d e - Pa r i s des Arméniens Catholiques de good, our land will yield its increase of God who have been entrusted to Fr a n c e ”, and Msgr Ghabroyan (cf. Ps 85[84]:12)! you. The many Armenian martyrs, was appointed the first bishop of and St Gregory of Narek, Doctor of that ecclesiastical district. On 2 Your Beatitude’s election comes at February 2013, he resigned from the Church, will not fail to intercede a time in which your Church is fa- his duties in the pastoral govern- To His Beatitude cing difficulties and new challenges, on your behalf. GRÉGOIRE PIERRE XX GH A B R O YA N ment of the eparchy. particularly, the situation and great I most willingly grant, Your Following the death of Patri- Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenians trials a portion of the Armenian Beatitude, the ecclesial communion arch Nersès Bédros XIX Ta r m o u n i Your election to the See of Cilicia Catholic faithful are enduring in the which you request of me, in accord- in Beirut on 25 June, as the eldest Middle East. However, illuminated for Armenians is for me a cause of ance with the tradition of the prelate of the Permanent Synod, profound joy and I thank you for by the light of faith in the Risen H.B. Ghabroyan assumed the of- Christ, our gaze upon the world is Church and with the norms in force. the letter with which Your Beatitude fice of administrator of the Partri- filled with hope and mercy, for we Entrusting you, as well as your informed me of it, requesting ecclesi- archal Church during the sede va- are certain that the Cross of Jesus is ministry, to Jesus Christ and to the astica communio. cante. On 30 June, he gave the the tree which gives life. protection of the Most Holy Mother homily at the funeral of his pre- I join all the faithful of the Patri- I am confident that Your of God, I impart to you my heartfelt decessor, presided by the papal archate in expressing to you my Beatitude, in communion with the Apostolic Blessing, which I extend delegate, Cardinal Leonardo fraternal and cordial congratulations venerable Synod Fathers, and with to all the Patriarchate. Sandri, Prefect of the Congrega- and I implore an abundance of di- the help of the Holy Spirit, will be tion for the Eastern Churches. vine gifts for you so that your new able, with all the wisdom of the From the Vatican, 25 July 2015 His Beatitude was elected by the ministry may bear countless fruit. Gospel, to be Pater et Caput, Good Synod on Friday, 24 July, its 14th When the Lord will give what is Shepherd of the part of the People FRANCIS day in session.

VAT I C A N BULLETIN

CHANGES IN EP I S C O PAT E 2 of the Code of Canon Law (24 Ju- 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law EASTERN CHURCHES ly). (25 July). The Holy Father appointed Fr John The Holy Father appointed Fr The Holy Father accepted the resig- Moon Hee Jong as Auxiliary Bishop The Holy Father appointed Bishop Joseph Kodakallil as Eparchial Bish- nation of Bishop Joan Piris Frígola of Suwon, Korea, assigning him the Víctor Manuel Ochoa Cadavid as op of Satna for Syro-Malabars, In- titular episcopal See of Mutia. Until Bishop of Cúcuta, Colombia. Until of Lleida, Spain. It was presented in dia. Until now he has been parish now he has been parish priest and now he has been Bishop of Málaga- accord with can. 401 § 1 of the Code priest of St Vincent Cathedral (22 Director of the diocesan Department Soatá (24 July). of Canon Law (28 July). July). for Evangelization and professor at Bishop Ochoa Cadavid, 52, was The Holy Father appointed Bishop Bishop-elect Kodakallil, 49, was the Major Seminary (23 July). born in Bello, Colombia. He was or- Salvador Giménez Valls as Bishop born in Upputhode, India. He stud- Bishop-elect Moon Hee Jong, 48, dained a priest on 5 July 1986. He of Lleida, Spain. Until now he has ied philosophy and theology and was born in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. was ordained a bishop on 24 April been Bishop of Menorca, Spain (28 obtained a doctorate in liturgy. He He was ordained a priest on 21 2006, subsequent to his appointment July). was ordained a priest on 31 Decem- January 1994. He holds a licence in ber 1991. He has served in parish as titular Bishop of San Leone and Bishop Giménez Valls, 67, was liturgy. He has served in parish min- ministry and as: rector of St Thomas Auxiliary of Medellín. On 24 Janu- born in Muro di Alcoy, Spain. He istry and as: spiritual director of the Minor Seminary; professor and vice- ary 2011 he was appointed Bishop of Major Seminary at the Catholic was ordained a priest on 9 June rector of St Ephrem’s Theological University of Suwon. Málaga-Soatá. 1973. He was ordained a bishop on 2 College, and protosyncellus of the July 2005, subsequent to his ap- E p a rc h y. The Holy Father accepted the resig- The Holy Father accepted the resig- pointment as titular Bishop of Abula nation of Bishop Julio César Vidal nation of Bishop Gustavo Girón Hi- and Auxiliary of Valencia, Spain. The Holy Father granted Ecclesiastica Ortiz of Cúcuta, Colombia. It was guita, O CD, of Tumaco, Colombia. It On 21 May 2009 he was appointed presented in accord with can. 401 § was presented in accord with can. Bishop of Menorca. CONTINUED ON PA G E 11

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At the Angelus the Pope registers for the 2016 world meeting in Poland A jubilee of youth And he thanks grandparents for their precious presence in families

“There, on this electronic device I have enrolled in the Day as a pilgrim”. With a in this moment of grace in few clicks on a tablet on Sunday morning, 26 July, Pope Francis officially opened their own communities. the registration for World Youth Day, scheduled next year in Poland. Before In a few days it will be reciting the Angelus with the numerous faithful who filled St Peter’s Square in the second anniversary of spite of the heat, the Holy Father commented on the day’s readings. The following the abduction of Fr Paolo is a translation of the Holy Father’s words which were delivered in Italian. D all’Oglio in Syria. I ad- dress an earnest and urgent Dear Brothers and Sisters, logic of Jesus, the logic of giving appeal for the release of Good morning. freely, of sharing. And as poor as we this esteemed religious are, we all have something to give. man. I cannot forget the This Sunday’s Gospel presents the “To receive Communion” means to Orthodox Bishops also ab- great sign of the multiplication of ducted in Syria and all the draw from Christ the grace which the loaves, in the account of John other people who have enables us to share with others all the Evangelist (6:1-15). Jesus is on been seized in areas of con- we are and all we have. the shore of the Sea of Galilee, and flict. I hope for the re- is surrounded by “a multitude”, who The crowd is struck by the miracle newed commitment of the compet- Today, 26 July, the Church re- were attracted by “the signs which of the multiplication of the loaves; ent local and international Authorit- members Sts Joachim and Anne, the fullness he did on those who were diseased” but the gift Jesus offers is the ies, in order that freedom may soon parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary of life for a hungering mankind. Jesus (v. 2). Acting in Him is the merciful be restored to these brothers of ours. and thus, Jesus’ grandparents. On power of God, who heals every evil satiates not only material hunger, With affection and joining in their this occasion, I would like to greet of the body and spirit. But Jesus is but the most profound one, the hun- suffering, we wish to remember not only healer, he is also teacher: in- ger for the meaning of life, the hun- all grandmothers and grandfathers, them in prayer. Let us all pray to- thanking them for their valuable deed, he goes up into the hills and ger for God. Before the suffering, gether to Our Lady: Hail Mary.... sits, with the typical attitude of a loneliness, poverty and difficulties of presence in families and for the new I greet all of you, pilgrims from teacher when he teaches: he goes up so many people, what can we generations. For all grandparents Italy and from other countries. I to that natural “pulpit” created by ourselves do? Complaining doesn’t who are living, but also for those greet the international pilgrimage of resolve anything, but who are watching us from Heaven, the Sisters of St Felix, the faithful of we can offer the little let’s salute them with a round of ap- Salamanca, the youth of Brescia who that we have, like the plause.... lad in the Gospel. are performing service to the poor at We surely have a few the Caritas of Rome’s soup kitchen, I wish everyone a happy Sunday. hours of time, certain and the young people from Ponte Please do not forget to pray for me. talents, some skills.... San Giovanni, Perugia. Have a good lunch. Ar r i v e d e rc i ! Who among us do esn’t have “five loaves and two fish” of his own? We all Forty-five thousand sign up for WYD right after Pope Francis have them! If we are willing to place them in the Lord’s hands, A meeting of mercy they will be enough to bring about a little Less than 24 hours after registra- more love, peace, tion opened for next year’s World justice and especially Youth Day (WYD), 45,000 people joy in the world. had already signed up. The first to How necessary joy is register was Pope Francis himself, his Heavenly Father. At this point in the world! God is capable of mul- who had previously announced Jesus, who fully understands what tiplying our small acts of solidarity that the theme of the meeting he is about to do, puts his disciples to and allowing us to share in his gift. would revolve around mercy. Ac- the test. How can they feed all these May our prayer sustain the com- cording to the managers of the people? Philip, one of the Twelve, mon commitment that no one may website, thus far there are 250 quickly calculates: by taking up a lack the heavenly Bread which gives “m a c ro g ro u p s ” and 300 volunteers collection, they might collect 200 eternal life and the basic necessities signed up. The countdown to the denarii at most, which would not be for a dignified life, and may it affirm event is already surrounded by enough to feed 5,000 people. the logic of sharing and love. May great enthusiasm. In one year The disciples reason in “market- the Virgin Mary accompany us with young people will meet in Krakow ing” terms, but Jesus substitutes the her maternal intercession. from 26 to 31 July 2016 for the 31st logic of buying with another logic, W Y D. the logic of g i v i n g. It is here that Twenty-five years after its start, Andrew, one of the Apostles, the After the Angelus, the Pope said: WYD will return to Poland, the The online registration form for WYD K ra k o w brother of Simon Peter, presents a land of the Pontiff who created it. 2016 which the Pope used on Sunday; Dear brothers and sisters, today young lad who offers everything he Pope Wojtyła loved to say that “it to register go to www.krakow2016.com/en has: five loaves and two fish; but of registration opens for the 31st World was the young people themselves course, Andrew says, they are noth- Youth Day, which will be held next who invented WYD”. In 1991 in ing for that multitude (cf. v. 9). Je- year in Poland. I wanted to open Częstochowa, a strong wind of also underlined it in a message sus actually expecting this. He or- the enrolment personally and for faith was announced to the young published on the dicastery’s web- ders the disciples to make the this reason I asked a girl and a boy people and from them the faith site. The theme of WYD “Blessed people sit down, then he takes those to stand next to me, so they would blew beyond the iron curtain. The are the merciful, for they shall ob- loaves and those fish, gives thanks to be with me at the moment that the young Christians of eastern and tain mercy” is part of the ex- distributes registration opens, here before you. western Europe experienced the the Father and them (cf. v. traordinary holy year which will 11). These acts prefigure the Last There, on this electronic device I first large-scale encounter after the begin on 8 December. WYD in Supper, which gives the bread of Je- have now enrolled in the Day as a fall of the Berlin Wall. Pope Wo- sus its truest significance. The bread pilgrim. Being celebrated during the jtyła returned to his homeland for Krakow will complete a three-part series of themes dedicated to the of God is Jesus Himself. By receiv- Year of Mercy, this Day will be, in a WYD, which saw the participation ing Him in Communion, we receive certain sense, a jubilee of youth, of more than one million people. Beatitudes. The theme in Rio in his life within us and we become called to reflect on the theme A true jubilee of young people 2014 was “Blessed are the poor in children of the Heavenly Father and “Blessed are the merciful, for they will be celebrated on a global spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of brothers among ourselves. By receiv- shall obtain mercy” (Mt 5:7). I invite scale. Pope Francis recalled this at heaven”. This year’s theme for the ing communion we meet Jesus truly the young people of the world to the Angelus and Cardinal 30th WYD on the diocesan level is living and risen! Taking part in the experience this pilgrimage either by Stanisław Ryłko, President of the “Blessed are the pure in heart, for Eucharist means entering into the going to Krakow, or by taking part Pontifical Council for the Laity, they will see God”. page 4 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 31 July 2015, number 31

Archbishop emeritus of Washington and Major Penitentiary Cardinal Baum dies

William Wakefield Baum was born in Cardinal William Baum, the former Archbishop of Washington, died at the age Dallas, Texas on 21 November 1926. of 88 on Thursday, 23 July. On learning of his death, Pope Francis sent a When he was a child his father, telegram to Cardinal Donald William Wuerl, the current Archbishop of Harold E. White died and his family Wa s h i n g ton. The following is the text of the Pope’s telegram and the Cardinal’s moved to Kansas City, Missouri. His b i o g ra p h y. mother, Mary Leona Hayes, sub- sequently remarried Jerome C. I was saddened to learn of the death of Cardinal William Wakefield Baum, Baum. After serving as an altar boy Archbishop Emeritus of Washington, and I offer my heartfelt condolences, for many years, William entered St John’s Minor Seminary in Kansas together with the assurance of my prayers, to you and to all the faithful of City in 1939 and then continued his the Archdiocese. With gratitude for the late Cardinal’s years of episcopal studies at Kenrick Seminary in Saint service in Springfield-Cape Girardeau and in Washington, and for his long Louis. He was ordained a priest on service to the Apostolic See as Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic 12 May 1951 for the Diocese of Kan- Education and subsequently Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Peniten- sas City-Saint Joseph. He then tiary, I join you in commending the late Cardinal’s soul to God the Father served in the Parish of St Aloysius of mercies. To all present at the Mass of Christian Burial and to all who in Kansas City, and as a professor of mourn Cardinal Baum in the hope of the Resurrection, I cordially impart theology and ecclesiastical history in my Apostolic Blessing as a pledge of strength and consolation in the Lord. the College of St Teresa. In 1965 he moved to Rome, where he studied FRANCISCUS P P. theology at the Angelicum, earning both a licence and doctorate. On re- turning to Kansas City he was ap- Apostolic Constitution on U.S. ation for the Eastern Churches, and priest for 64 years, a bishop for 45 pointed parish priest of Sugar Catholic universities, Ex Corde Eccle- the Congregation for the Institutes and a cardinal for nearly 40. Creek, serving also as a notary of siae. After 10 years in the Congrega- of Consecrated Life and Societies of Cardinal Baum’s funeral will be the ecclesiastical tribunal, secretary tion for Catholic Education, he was Apostolic Life. After serving for celebrated on Friday afternoon, 31 appointed Major Penitentiary on 6 more than 20 years in the Roman of the Diocesan Commission for the July, in the Cathedral of St Matthew Apostolate of Liturgy and vice-chan- April 1990. He maintained this post Curia, he retired and returned to the Apostle in Washington. He will cellor of the Episcopal Curia. until 22 November 2001. As cardinal Washington, D.C. Because of his interest in Christi- he was also a member of the Con- The longest serving Cardinal in be buried in the crypt next to the an unity, he participated as a peritus gregation for Bishops, the Congreg- U.S. history, Cardinal Baum was a Chapel of St Francis d’Assisi. in Vatican II, making a special con- tribution to the Decree on Ecumen- ism, Unitatis Redintegratio. He also served several times as a member of Members and substitutes elected by Episcopal Conferences the joint commission in the meetings of the World Council of Churches. From 1964-1967 he was secretary of the executive committee for ecumen- Towards the Synod ical affairs of the episcopal confer- ence, in the meantime he also served The following is a list of members and substitutes elected by several episcopal Substitute: Archbishop Louis as parish priest of St James Church conferences and confirmed by Pope Francis on Friday, 24 July, for the 14th Or- Chamniern Santisukniran of Thare and chancellor of the Episcopal dinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, which will take place from 4- and Nonseng Curia. 25 October 2015, with the theme “The vocation and mission of the family in the On 18 February 1970 Paul VI ap- Church and in the contemporary world”. East Timor pointed him Bishop of Springfield- Me m b e r : Bishop Basílio do Nasci- Cape Girardeau. He was ordained a mento of Baucau, President of the FRICA SIA bishop on 6 April 1970 and chose A A Bishop’s Conference “Ministry of Reconciliation” (2 Cor Substitute: Bishop Norberto do 5:18) as his motto. On 5 March 1973 Amaral of Maliana he was appointed Archbishop of Ivory Coast India Washington. Around the same time Me m b e r : Bishop Ignace Bessi 2nd Substitute: Bishop Lawrence he was appointed president of the Pius Dorairaj of Dharmapuri Dogbo of Katiola, President of the EUROPE Commission for Ecumenical Affairs National Episcopal Commission for of the USCCB. During the consistory Iran the Apostolate of the Laity of 24 May 1976, Paul VI created him Me m b e r : Archbishop Ramzi Gar- International Bishops’ C o n f e re n c e a cardinal with the title of Santa mou of Teheran for Chaldeans, Ad- of Sts Cyril and Methodius Croce in Via Flaminia. Together Equitorial Guinea ministrator of the Patriarchate of with Joseph Ratzinger he was the Me m b e r : Bishop Juan Matogo Ahwaz for Chaldeans Me m b e r : Bishop Ladislav Nemet, only cardinal created by Paul VI to Oyana, C M F, of Bata Substitute: Archbishop Neshan SVD, of Zrenjanin, Serbia participate in two conclaves, both in Karakéhéyan, titular Archbishop of 1978 and in 2005. In fact on 19 April Sudan Adana for Armenians, Administrat- Latvia 2005 Benedict XVI asked Cardinal or of the Patriarchate of Ispahan, Me m b e r : Archbishop Zbigņevs Me m b e r : Archbishop Paulino Baum to stand beside the newly- Esfáan for Armenians Stankevičs of Riga elected Pope as he greeted the Lukudu Loro, M C C J, of Juba Substitute: Bishop Jānis Bulis of Thailand Square from the Central Loggia for Substitute: Bishop Michael Didi Rēzekne-Aglona, President of the the first time as pope. Adgum Mangoria of El Obeid Me m b e r : Bishop Silvio Siripong Bishops’ C o n f e re n c e At the age of 49, he was one of Charatsri of Chanthaburi the youngest cardinals of the time. Zimbabwe Scandinavia As archbishop, he was on the front Me m b e r : Bishop Xavier Johnsai Me m b e r : Bishop Teemu Sippo, lines of dialogue with leaders of oth- Munyongani of Gweru SCI, of Helsinki, Finland er religions, especially Judaism, and Substitute: Bishop Czeslaw Kozon promoted minority rights, launching of Copenhagen, Denmark secretariats for African-American and Spanish-speaking Catholics. AMERICA After welcoming John Paul II to his diocese in 1979, Cardinal Baum was OCEANIA called to Rome on 15 January 1980 Pa r a g u a y as prefect of the Congregation for Me m b e r : Bishop Miguel Ángel Catholic Education. From 1981-1986 Papua New Guinea and the he conducted the first apostolic visit Cabello Almada of Concepción en Solomon Islands to U.S. seminaries by Pope Wojtyła Pa r a g u a y Me m b e r : Bishop Anton Bal of and collaborated on the Catechism Substitute: Bishop Pierre Jubin- Kundiawa, head of the Commission of the Catholic Church and the ville, CSSp, of San Pedro for Family Life number 31, Friday, 31 July 2015 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 5

The place of Jesus’ baptism is now a UNESCO World Heritage site Chaldean Church Beyond the Jordan sends humanitarian aid to Muslim The Bethany of Jesus’ baptism is situated just “b ey- textual matter, pilgrimages to the banks of the ond the Jordan”. Less than 10 kilometres from the Jordan just a few kilometres north of the Dead Sea refugees in Iraq Dead Sea, the site has now been added to UNESCO’s are believed to have been carried out since the third World Heritage list. It is the site of the mysterious century. It was here that Jesus is believed to have A great gesture of solidarity and brother- manifestation where the preacher from Nazareth been baptized by John, and it is — by no coincid- hood from the Chaldean Church in Iraq took the first steps of his public life. All four Gos- ence — the same place where tradition points Eli- to the Muslim community. On 20 July, pels acknowledge that this event took place in the jah’s mysterious ascent into heaven. the Patriarch of Babylon for Chaldeans Jordan River but their agreement stops there. The Louis Raphaël I Sako, along with the only evangelist to be more specific is John, who Vicar, Msgr Basel Yaldo, and his secretary, speaks of a “Bethany beyond the Jordan”. Another Fr Thomas Benham, as well as several Bethany, the birthplace of Lazarus and his sisters representatives of Caritas Iraq, personally Martha and Mary, can be found just outside of Jer- brought foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals to usalem, which is not near the river. However in the 250 families of Muslim refugees from the third century no place outside of the Jordan had Anbar and Salahuddin provinces, who are such a name. In fact Origen was convinced that residing in a camp along the Euphrates there was an error in the transmission of the texts R i v e r. and thus proposed, in order to correct the error, These goods were brought outside of substituting Bethany with the name “Bethabara”, the city of Ramadi for Eid al Fitr, the day “where it is reported that John was baptizing”. This which marks the last day of Ramadan. variation can be seen in various Gospel manuscripts, After expressing his best wishes for the while the place of the same name is depicted in the feast, the Patriarch — according to the splendid mosaic of the sixth century discovered in blog, Baghdad Hope — expressed his wish 1987 in Madaba (what is now Jordan), with an in- for the families to return to their homes as scription in Greek explaining “the place of the bap- soon as possible. It was the sixth time tism of St John”, facing “Ainon where Sapsafas is that the Chaldean Patriarch and Caritas now found” on the river’s east bank. Beyond this Iraq have brought aid to Muslim refugees. At the beginning of Ramadan, Patriarch Sako sent a message to the Muslim com- munity in which he underlined “the ur- gency for national reconciliation which, Three women religious forced to leave Islamabad through the implementation of political reforms, may not exclude no part of Iraqi The three Filipino missionaries of At the end of the investigation service to education, for the com- so ciety”. True heroism, the Patriarch said, the Congregation of the Religious the government refused to renew mon good of Pakistan”. The sis- “does not belong to those who fight wars of the Virgin Mary, who were re- the visas of the three nuns. The ters must renew their visas every or kill the most. A true hero is someone cently denied visa renewal by Convent School will continue its two years and had been awaiting who works for peace on behalf of freedom Pakistan, are now being forced to educational activity, thanks to the a response since April. and dignity for all”. leave the country. They will be teaching staff, who are almost all unable to continue teaching at Pa k i s t a n i . the Convent School in Is- “We do not know why we were lamabad. According to the Fides denied the renewal of our visas. Agency on 1 July, the High Court Our work is always the same, that Australian faithful work to open a Catholic university in Erbil in the capital city of Pakistan has of education, for the benefit of confirmed the Ministry of the In- the youth in Pakistan, of all reli- Educating against hatred and weapons terior’s decision to deny them res- gions. But we cannot stay in a i d e n c y. country if we are considered illeg- Following the Ministry’s initial al”, said Sr Delia Coyoca Rubio, decision, the Church in Is- headteacher of the school. The lamabad appealed to the Court reasoning stated for the denial of and the bishop sent a letter re- visa renewal was a “change in questing an explanation. The work”. court ruled that the government Sr Delia, who is from the Phil- of Pakistan has “the right to grant ippines, continued: “Our educa- or deny visas to foreigners”. Ac- tional institution has been open cording to the Ministry’s spokes- since 1992. I have been here since person the expulsion was motiv- 2006 and our work has always Medical students ated by complaints from some been the same: to organize the at Basra parents regarding the administra- school and teach. We have 2,300 University College tion of the Convent School which young people on campus, and in Iraq has been founded and run by the 1,000 in the second school: chil- nuns. The Ministry ordered an dren and young people of all reli- investigation and sent inspectors. gions and social classes. Ours is a Catholics in Iraq are challenging the The Chaldean Church provided the Islamic State, not with weapons or vi- 30,000 square metres where the uni- olence but through education and versity will stand. teaching, thanks to the contribution The goal from the outset was to and support of the Australian Cathol- create a private university open to all, Franciscan kidnapped in Syria is freed ic University. This October courses which meets the needs of the people. will begin at the Catholic University The university will also serve as a of Erbil, which was desired by the Fr Dhiya Azziz, the Iraqi Franciscan who was recently kidnapped in centre for scientific research. Almost Chaldean Church in Iraq as a con- Syria, has been released. The Custodian of the Holy Land made the three years after the dramatic events crete way to aid the Christian youth announcement on 11 July. The friar had been taken from his parish in that swept the northern regions of Ir- in the Middle East. Yacoubieh, in the Orontes Valley, where several Christian villages are aq and led thousands of Christian In recent days, Archbishop Bashar located. Early suspicions were focused on Al-Nusra, a jihadist group refugees to flee from Islamic State ji- active in the region. However, the Custodian reported, “this group Matti Warda of Erbil for Chaldeans met with representatives of the Aus- hadists to Erbil, the University will be denied any involvement in his kidnapping and presumably aided po- a concrete sign of support to young lice investigations in nearby villages” until Fr Azziz’s release. Accord- tralian Catholic University (ACU) and Iraqi Christians, inevitably tempted to ing to friars of the Custodian, led by Fr Pierbattista Pizzaballa, who the President of the Australian Cath- immediately after the event expressed his concern that “Fr Dhiya olic Bishops Conference and Arch- quit the country and leave behind the would be kidnapped by another jihadist group wanting to profit from bishop Denis James Hart of Mel- horrors of war and the uncertainties his liberation”. In the region there are “a plethora of groups operating bourne in order to better coordinate and threats that impact their future. with various interests”. In other words, the goal was to demand the necessary aid to complete con- Four of the university’s faculties, in- ransom. In any case, the Franciscan “would have been treated well struction on the university located in cluding the College of Economics, are during his sequester”. the city which is mostly Christian. expected to open in October. number 31, Friday, 31 July 2015 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 6/7

The Holy Father’s message for World Mission Day The grammar of faith for consecrated life

“Being a missionary is not about sponds to his call to take up the cross of evangelization; as witnesses and at proselytizing or mere strategy; mission is and follow him, to imitate his dedica- the same time as living instruments, part of the ‘g ra m m a r ’ of faith, something tion to the Father and his service and they share in her saving mission” (Ad essential for those who listen to the voice love, to lose our life so as to gain it. Gentes, 41). Consecrated missionaries of the Spirit who whispers ‘Come’ and ‘Go Since Christ’s entire existence had a need to generously welcome those who forth’”. Pope Francis wrote this in his missionary character, so too, all those are willing to work with them, even for message for the upcoming 89th World who follow him closely must possess a limited period of time, for an experi- Mission Day to be celebrated on Sunday, this missionary quality. ence in the field. They are brothers and 18 October 2015. The following is the The missionary dimension, which be- sisters who want to share the missionary English text of the Pope’s message. longs to the very nature of the Church, vocation inherent in Baptism. The houses is also intrinsic to all forms of consecrated and structures of the missions are nat- life, and cannot be neglected without ural places to welcome them and to detracting from and disfiguring its cha- provide for their human, spiritual and rism. Being a missionary is not about apostolic support. proselytizing or mere strategy; mission The C h u rc h ’s Institutes and Missionary is part of the “grammar” of faith, Congregations are completely at the ser- something essential for those who listen vice of those who do not know the to the voice of the Spirit who whispers Gospel of Jesus. This means that they “Come” and “Go forth”. Those who need to count on the charisms and mis- follow Christ cannot fail to be mission- sionary commitment of their consec- aries, for they know that Jesus “walks rated members. But consecrated men with them, speaks to them, breathes and women also need a structure of with them. They sense Jesus alive with service, an expression of the concern of them in the midst of the missionary en- the Bishop of Rome, in order to ensure Dear Brothers and Sisters, terprise” (Evangelii Gaudium, 266). koinonia, for cooperation and synergy are an integral part of the missionary The World Mission Sunday 2015 takes Mission is a passion for Jesus and at witness. Jesus made the unity of his place in the context of the Year of the same time a passion for his people. disciples a condition so that the world Consecrated Life, which provides a fur- When we pray before Jesus crucified, ther stimulus for prayer and reflection. we see the depth of his love which may believe (cf. Jn 17:21). This conver- For if every baptized person is called to gives us dignity and sustains us. At the gence is not the same as legalism or in- bear witness to the Lord Jesus by pro- sametime, werealizethat thelove stitutionalism, much less a stifling of claiming the faith received as a gift, flowing from Jesus’ pierced heart ex- Georges Rouault, “Jesus and the disciples” the creativity of the Spirit, who inspires this is especially so for each consec- pands to embrace the People of God diversity. It is about giving a greater rated man and woman. There is a clear and all humanity. We realize once more fruitfulness to the Gospel message and connection between consecrated life and that he wants to make use of us to rated Life. For contemplative com- oneself to the proclamation of the Gos- to enter into the mystery of God’s wis- promoting that unity of purpose which mission. The desire to follow Jesus draw closer to his beloved people (cf. munities, St Theresa of the Child Je- pel. On this point there can be no dom and to accept the Gospel of Jesus, is also the fruit of the Spirit. closely, which led to the emergence of ibid., 268) and all those who seek him sus, Patroness of the Missions, appears compromise: those who by God’s grace who is light and transforming strength The Missionary Societies of the Suc- consecrated life in the Church, re- with a sincere heart. In Jesus’ com- in a new light; she speaks with renewed accept the mission, are called to live the for all cultures. cessor of Peter have a universal apostolic mand to “go forth”, we see the scen- eloquence and inspires reflection upon mission. For them, the proclamation of Within this complex dynamic, we horizon. This is why they also need the arios and ever-present new challenges the deep connection between contem- Christ in the many peripheries of the ask ourselves: “Who are the first to many charisms of consecrated life, to ad- of the Church’s evangelizing mission. plative life and mission. For many act- world becomes their dress the vast horizons of evangeliza- All her members are called to proclaim ive religious communities, the mission- way of following him, tion and to be able to ensure adequate Towards the world meeting for young consecrated men and women the Gospel by their witness of life. In a ary impulse which emerged from the one which more than Ask yourself why you chose the religious presence in whatever lands they are particular way, consecrated men and Council was met with an extraordinary repays them for the missionary life and take stock of your readiness sent. women are asked to listen to the voice openness to the mission ad gentes, often many difficulties and to accept it for what it is: a gift of love at the Dear brothers and sisters, a true mis- The essentials of the Spirit who calls them to go to accompanied by an openness to broth- sacrifices they make. sionary is passionate for the Gospel. St the peripheries, to those to whom the ers and sisters from the lands and cul- Any tendency to devi- service of the proclamation of the Gospel... the Paul said: “Woe to me if I do not “Wake up the world!”. These words of morning sessions in the Paul VI Hall. passes, there is a risk that it may all Gospel has not yet been proclaimed. tures encountered in evangelization, to ate from this vocation, source of joy, liberation and salvation for all preach the Gospel!” (1 Cor 9:16). The Pope Francis to consecrated men and It is a so-called “time for listening”. become secondary. The challenge is The 50th anniversary of the Second the point that today one can speak of a even if motivated by Gospel is the source of joy, liberation women throughout the world, at the Afternoon and evening meetings, strengthening an identity which finds Vatican Council’s Decree Ad Gentes is widespread “i n t e rc u l t u r a l i s m ”in the noble reasons due to and salvation for all men and women. opening of the special year dedicated however, will be held on the basis of its unity in the essential elements of an invitation to all of us to reread this consecrated life. Hence there is an ur- countless pastoral, ecclesial or humanit- whom the Gospel message must be pro- The Church is aware of this gift, and to them, will figure thematically at the language groups: Italian, French, Eng- consecrated life: vows, fraternity and document and to reflect on its con- gent need to reaffirm that the central arian needs, is not consistent with the claimed?” The answer, found so often therefore she ceaselessly proclaims to World Meeting for Young Consec- lish, Spanish and Portuguese. It is a mission”. For this reason, it is neces- tents. The Decree called for a powerful ideal of mission is Jesus Christ, and L o rd ’s call to be personally at the ser- throughout the Gospel, is clear: it is everyone “what was from the begin- rated Men and Women, which will be time for giving back, celebrating and sary to have “profound unity on these missionary impulse in Institutes of Consec- that this ideal demands the total gift of vice of the Gospel. In Missionary Insti- the poor, the little ones and the sick, ning, what we have heard, what we held in Rome from 15 to 19 Septem- witnessing. The programme provides points and freedom on the tutes, formators are called to indicate those who are often looked down upon have seen with our eyes” (1 Jn 1:1). The b er. for in-depth analysis, listening to testi- re s t ”. clearly and frankly this plan of life and or forgotten, those who cannot repay mission of the servants of the Word — As stated in the subtitle, “Gosp el- mony, and for dialogue with and Meanwhile, speaking to a action, and to discern authentic mis- us (cf. Lk 14:13-14). Evangelization dir- bishops, priests, religious and laity — is sionary vocations. I appeal in particular ected preferentially to the least among Prophecy-Hop e” are the core ideas on among young men and women. There symposium underway at the to allow everyone, without exception, to young people, who are capable of us is a sign of the Kingdom that Jesus which the meeting, sponsored by the will also be events open to the general Redemptorist Center in Put- to enter into a personal relationship courageous witness and generous came to bring: “There is an inseparable Congregation for the Institutes of public, such as the prayer vigil on taya, Thailand, Cardinal Pre- with Christ. In the full range of the deeds, even when these are countercul- bond between our faith and the poor. Consecrated Life and Societies of Tuesday, 15 September, at 8:30 pm in fect João Braz de Aviz asked C h u rc h ’s missionary activity, all the tural: Do not allow others to rob you of May we never abandon them” (Evan- Apostolic Life, will be focused. For St Peter’s Square, and the concluding religious to return to a broad- faithful are called to live their baptis- the ideal of a true mission, of following gelii Gaudium, 48). This must be clear many, the event will be taking place in Mass on Saturday, 19 September, at er reconsideration of their vo- mal commitment to the fullest, in ac- the period immediately before the 11:30 am in St Peter’s Basilica. cation and their mission: “We Jesus through the total gift of yourself. above all to those who embrace the In the depths of your conscience, ask consecrated missionary life: by the vow cordance with the personal situation of novitiate, during the probationary In an interview with the Servizio in- cannot evangelize”, he said, each. A generous response to this uni- term of discernment, in the period of formazione religiosa (SIR) agency, Arch- “using weapons or politics, yourself why you chose the religious of poverty, they choose to follow Christ missionary life and take stock of your in his preference for the poor, not ideo- versal vocation can be offered by con- temporary profession and within 10 bishop José Rodríguez Carballo, Sec- but we must love the people secrated men and women through an years of perpetual or final incorpora- retary of the Congregation for the reli- readiness to accept it for what it is: a logically, but in the same way that he we serve by putting Christ at intense life of prayer and union with tion into institutes and congregations. gious, presented information about gift of love at the service of the pro- identified himself with the poor: by liv- the centre of our lives”. The the Lord and his redeeming sacrifice. The purpose is to provide formation, the meeting. He explained that the es- cardinal asked that no one clamation of the Gospel. Remember ing like them amid the uncertainties of through an in-depth biblical, theolo- sential themes to be discussed will in- feel superior as the result of that, even before being necessary for everyday life and renouncing all claims To Mary, Mother of the Church and gical, charismatic and ecclesiological clude “consecration, fraternal life and their choice, because, he em- those who have not yet heard it, the to power, and in this way becoming model of missionary outreach, I entrust analysis of the essential elements of mission”. The young people “will be phasized, the fundamental proclamation of the Gospel is a neces- brothers and sisters of the poor, bring- all men and women who, in every state consecrated life. It is also intended as called upon to describe their joys and nature of the Gospel “is for sity for those who love the Master. ing them the witness of the joy of the of life work to proclaim the Gospel, ad an opportunity for attendees to share hopes. We expect at least 5,000 of everyone, and there are no Today, the Church’s mission is faced Gospel and a sign of God’s love. gentes or in their own lands. To all mis- their own realities, aspirations and them from all over the world”. The first- and second-class Christi- by the challenge of meeting the needs Living as Christian witnesses and as sionaries of the Gospel I willingly im- educational expectations, not to men- prelate also noted that at times the fo- ans”. It is important, he ad- of all people to return to their roots and signs of the Father’s love among the part my Apostolic Blessing. tion to celebrate and witness to the vi- cus is not “on the fundamental ele- vised, to change one’s manner to protect the values of their respective cul- poor and underprivileged, consecrated tality of the religious vocation. ments of consecrated life but on minor of relating to power and t u re s . This means knowing and respect- persons are called to promote the pres- From the Vatican, 24 May 2015 The meeting, which is among the asp ects”. The secondary is often money, to be willing to dia- ing other traditions and philosophical ence of the lay faithful in the service of Solemnity of Pentecost initiatives for the Year of Consecrated mixed up with the essential. Basically, logue and discuss, and to systems, and realizing that all peoples the Church’s mission. As the Second Life, provides for community time, he added, “in the beginning place oneself at the service of and cultures have the right to be Vatican Council stated: “The laity which will take place during the everything is essential but, as time the peripheries of the world. helped from within their own traditions should cooperate in the Church’s work page 8 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 31 July 2015, number 31

A student remembers Martin West The text must come first

NICHOLAS RICHARDSON from Germany in the 1930s. With his insistence that ‘the text must artin West, one of the most come first’ Fraenkel emphasised the The 2014 financial statements M distinguished classical scholars primary importance of establishing of his generation, died suddenly on improved texts of ancient authors, of the Holy See and Governorate 13 July 2015, aged 77. by a thorough review of all the He was an undergraduate at Bal- evidence, rather than simply acqui- At the meeting of the Council for ilities in the closing balances for liol College, Oxford (1955-9), Re- escing in the choices of previous ed- the Economy on 14 July 2015, Car- 2014. For the entities included in search Fellow at St John’s (1960- itors. Martin claimed to have fol- dinal Pell and the staff from the the scope of consolidation, assets 63), and subsequently Fellow and lowed in his footsteps by making Secretariat for the Economy presen- previously off the Balance sheet Praelector in Classics at University many textual improvements of this ted the Consolidated Financial amounted to 1.114 million euros and College, Oxford (1963-74). From kind. He also stressed the value of Statements of the Holy See and the liabilities amounted to 222 million Oxford he moved to the post of a good commentary, especially Financial Statements of the Gov- euros. While the patrimonial situ- Professor of Greek at the University those that ‘have the ambition to ernorate. The Statements were pre- ation in the Pension Fund was not of London (Royal Holloway and build bridges out from the work pared by the Prefecture for Eco- reflected in the closing Balance Bedford New College, 1974 to 1991). under discussion to the rest of an- nomic Affairs and reviewed and sheet, it was reported that the new For the last part of his career he re- cient literature’. His own early com- verified by the Secretariat, the Pension Fund Board will be asked turned to Oxford as a Senior Re- mentaries on the poems of Hesiod Audit Committee of the Council to prepare an updated assessment search Fellow at All Souls’ College could be seen as excellent examples and an external auditor. of the overall situation. (1991 to 2004). He remained at- of this principle. It was noted that 2014 was a year As in previous years, the most tached to All Souls after his retire- In literary history, as in textual of transition to new Financial Man- significant expense included in the ment, and was made an Honorary work, Martin again insisted on the agement policies based on Interna- Holy See Financial Statements is Fellow in 2014. need to reconsider in a fresh and tional Public Sector Accounting the cost of staff (126.6 million Martin’s scholarly output was critical way the traditional accounts Standards (IPSAS). The former ac- euros) and the Statements indicate phenomenal. He recently gave as handed down from antiquity, and to counting principles and scope of total staffing of 2880 in the 64 his main research interests ‘ancient be prepared to engage in new and consolidation (comprising 64 Holy Holy See entities included in the Greek language, literature and mu- bold hypotheses. As he himself ad- See entities) were used in the pre- consolidation. sic, Indo-European poetry and mitted, his own speculations and paration of the 2014 Statements. The Financial Statements for the myth, and early Zoroastrianism’. He conclusions often proved to be con- Managers were, however, asked to Governorate for 2014 indicate a sur- was the author of many editions of troversial, but he defended this by ensure they had included all assets plus of 63,519,000 euros which is a major works of Greek literature, es- claiming that ‘one must sometimes and liabilities and to provide appro- significant improvement on the 2013 pecially in the field of poetry from deploy one’s imagination, while priate certification as to complete- surplus of 33,042,000 euros, largely Homer to the end of the fifth cen- maintaining a critical (and self-crit- ness and accuracy. Working with due to continued recurring revenues tury, and of numerous books and ical) spirit’. It was this combination the external auditor, third party from cultural activities (especially articles on other subjects relating to of critical acumen with imaginative confirmation of balances was re- the Museums) and favourable scope that gave his work its origin- quested so that, consistent with movements in investments. Net As- a l i t y. sound audit practice, amounts sets increased by 63.5 million euros Martin was happiest when he was could be independently verified. In and there were no adjustments ne- at All Souls’ College, which offered order to include all assets and liab- cessary to include additional assets him all the freedom he needed to ilities in the year-end balances and and liabilities in the closing balance pursue his research, undisturbed by to prepare for the new policies, cer- sheets for 2014. The Statements in- those irksome pressures which can tain entries were included, which dicate that the total number of em- disrupt the work of a scholar in make direct comparison with 2013 ployees came to 1,930. to day’s academic environment. His figures difficult. Where necessary, Following the meeting of the achievement was recognised by main figures for comparison were Council for the Economy, the Sec- many honours both at home and provided to the Council. retariat for the Economy was ad- abroad, especially the International The course of transitioning to vised that the Auditor confirmed Balzan Prize for Classical Antiquity new policies is progressing well and the issuance of a clear audit certific- (2000), and the Kenyon Medal for the Secretariat was able to report ate for the Financial Statements of Classical Studies of the British high levels of interest and coopera- Academy (2002). It was crowned in the Holy See and Governorate. tion in the various entities. The 2014 when he was awarded the Or- The Council also received a fur- 2014 Financial Statements reflect an der of Merit, an honour given to in- ther update on the 2015 Budget. enormous amount of work by staff classical literature, language, textual dividuals ‘of great achievement’, The Budgets were prepared under in many Holy See entities, particu- criticism, metre and music. But he which is in the sole grant of the the new Financial Management larly in the Prefecture for Economic also developed an interest in the re- Sovereign, and can only be held by Policies approved last year by the Affairs. The Secretariat for the Eco- lationship of classical Greek and twenty-four living members of the Holy Father. The Council in late nomy and Council members ex- Latin culture to the wider back- Commonwealth at any time. He pressed their gratitude for the rigor- May received a detailed budget pro- ground both of other Indo- was working, before he died, on a ous and professional work and the posal prepared by the Secretariat. European and also of Near Eastern new critical edition of the O d y s s e y, strong commitment in implement- The proposal highlighted planned (or as he preferred to say West Asi- to complement his earlier edition of ing the financial reforms approved activities as well as the revenue and atic) civilisations. His two major the Iliad, and was planning further by the Holy Father. expenditure expected for the com- works in these areas are The East editions of other early Greek poetic The Holy See’s Financial State- ing year. It also included specific Face of Helicon. West Asiatic Ele- texts. ments for 2014 indicate a deficit of proposal for each of the 136 entities ments in Greek Poetry and Myth In conversation Martin could be Indo-European Poetry and 25,621,000 euros, which is similar to on the list, as approved by the Holy (1997) and a man of few words. In fact in earli- Myth (2007). In this respect Mar- the deficit of 24,471,00 euros, repor- Father, who are subject to the con- er days his silences were legendary. tin’s work might possibly be com- ted in 2013. Had the same account- trol and vigilance of the Council But he had a good sense of humour pared with that of some of the an- ing treatment applied in 2014 been and Secretariat. The Budgets indic- and a neat turn of phrase. An early thropologists writing a century ago, applied in 2013, the 2013 deficit ate that the deficits experienced in instance of his wit and ingenuity is recent years are likely to continue in particularly Sir James Frazer, whose would have been reported as Golden Bough attempted to set the pair of hexameter versions he 37,209,000 euros — the improve- 2015. published in 1964 of J a b b e r w o c k y, While rapid progress is being Greek religion and myths within a ment in 2014 was largely due to fa- much wider comparative context. the nonsense poem of Lewis Car- made in implementing the reforms vourable movements in investments Like Frazer, he combined the ability roll, done in the styles of Homer made by the Holy See. The main requested by the Holy Father, the to bring together a vast amount of and the late Greek poet Nonnus. sources of income in 2014, in addi- complete transition to the IPSAS is material, drawn from other cultures, His wife, Stephanie, is herself a tion to investments, include contri- likely to take several years. The 2015 with expertise and precision in the well-known classical scholar. (They butions made pursuant to Canon Budgets and the 2015 Statements traditional skills of the classical originally met at one of Fraenkel’s 1271 of the Code of Canon Law (21 are the first important steps. Begin- s c h o l a r. seminars.) To her, and to all their million euros) and the contribution ning in 2015, the Consolidated Writing (in 2000) of his own family, the deepest sympathy of all from the Institute for the Works of Statements of the Holy See will in- scholarly aims and achievements their friends and colleagues is ex- Religion (50 million euros). clude the new practices and addi- Martin described the impact made tended at his sudden loss. It is a Net Assets increased by 939 mil- tional entities, as required under the on him and other young classicists loss that will also be keenly felt lion euros as adjustments were new Financial Management Policies by the great refugee scholar Eduard throughout the international world made to include all assets and liab- and IPSAS S t a n d a rd s . Fraenkel, who had come to Oxford of classical scholarship. number 31, Friday, 31 July 2015 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 9

Tyndale Bible auctioned at Sotheby’s

On 15 July a rare copy of the first Bible printed in Great Britain was auctioned at Sotheby’s. According to experts, the copy, which was translated by William Tyndale, was appraised at 25,000 to 35,000 pounds. Instead it sold at 60,000. The precious document was acquired for 25 shillings by anonymous student in a secondhand bookshop in Cambridge in the 1960s. The Bible was printed in 1537 and Tyndale was subsequently convicted of heresy sentenced to Safeguarding the musical traditions of Eastern Christianity death by strangulation. Several copies of the Bible were burnt. In the years that followed, Henry VIII ordered new translations of To sing with two lungs the Bible to be published in the United Kingdom. Peter Selly, the MARY NOLAN ent communities against the “grave and Prof. Karl Prassl of the Pontific- threats of deterioration, disappear- al Institute of Sacred Music, parti- senior specialist in books and manuscripts at Sotheby’s, If the Church, as St John Paul II ance and destruction”, served as a cipants in the congress, also agree wrote in Ut Unum Sint,“must springboard for discussion on how that both institutions have a crucial explained that this copy of the breathe with her two lungs” (54), to implement the training needed to role to play in serving the musical Bible represents a treasure for the she certainly must also learn to sing ensure that these valuable traditions needs of the Catholic Church world- English language because it with both. A recent conference in survive. Local Christian communit- wide. serves to enrich the vast Rome dedicated to “S a f e g u a rd i n g ies were encouraged to use this doc- “Speaking of the Churches of the patrimony of headwords and the Musical Traditions of Eastern ument as a framework for organizing East”, St John Paul continues in Ut syntactic formulae. The copy Christianity” focused on ways to their own efforts to protect and Unum Sint, “the [Second Vatican] itself evokes history, torment and keep the Eastern lung strong and hand down their respective musical Council acknowledged their great intrigue. healthy in the years to come. heritage to younger generations. liturgical and spiritual tradition, the The conference, the first of its Preserving the musical treasures of specific nature of their historical de- kind to be held at the University of Eastern Christianity was indeed the velopment, the disciplines coming Notre Dame’s Rome Global Gate- practical aim of the conference, from the earliest times ... and their way, brought together scholars and which stressed how music plays an own particular way of expressing musicians from a dozen countries. indispensable role in building and their teaching. The Council made They met from 24-26 May to discuss shaping communities. The sweeping this acknowledgment in the convic- tide of modern technology, popular the musical traditions of 25 Eastern tion that legitimate diversity is in no culture, and political persecution Christian communities. Learning way opposed to the Church’s unity, place these traditions in serious these musical traditions requires a but rather enhances her splendor jeopardy, diminishing interest among highly specialized linguistic and lex- and contributes greatly to the fulfill- icographical training rarely found young people and depleting the pro- fessional and educational resources ment of her mission” (50). Parti- among young people today, due to cipants in this conference dedicated complex cultural and political needed to pass these traditions on. The congress included the parti- to Eastern chant came away with the factors that threaten the survival of firm conviction that sacred music — these traditions. But, as the congress cipation of 40 professors and stu- dents from the University of Notre sung with both lungs — is a power- demonstrated with live performances D ame’s Program in Sacred Music, ful means of revealing God’s by the Nazrani Choir (Syro-Malab- and also served as an opportunity splendor and spreading His Gospel. ar), the Mgaloblebi Choir (Georgian for students of this burgeoning Orthodox), and the Coro dei graduate program to experience the Papadhes di Piana degli Albanesi cultural richness of Europe and to (Italo-Albanian Greek), a new gener- share their own talents. The choir On the 200th anniversary of Don Bosco’s birth ation of musicians has been inspired performed a concert of Spanish to study these sacred musical tradi- Renaissance polyphony at Rome’s tions simply by being exposed to national Spanish church, Santa Dedication to a younger generation their celestial beauty. Maria in Monserrato, and assisted at The conference, which was co- the Papal Mass celebrated at St sponsored by the Pontifical Oriental A missionary saint who “goes out”, tireless, courageous, faithful to God Pe t e r ’s Basilica on the Feast of and to young people. Pope Francis described Don Bosco this way in a Institute, also featured an introduc- Pentecost. World-class organist message to the rector major of the Salesians, Fr Ángel Fernández Artime, tion to the fundamental principles of Craig Cramer of Notre Dame and on the bicentenary of the Founder’s Byzantine Chant by the Axion Estin his students played historic instru- Foundation of New York. Speakers ments at the church of Santa Bar- birth. The letter — dated 24 June, included Kay Kaufman Shelemay, bara dei Librai and Chiesa Nuova the Solemnity of St John the Nicola Tangari, Peter Jeffery and during their time in the Eternal City. Baptist, Don Bosco’s namesake — Joseph Palackal, all of whom pro- The trip also forged bonds of co- was delivered to the Salesians the posed concrete ways to preserve the operation between the University of day after the Pope made his pastor- specific strands of Eastern sacred Notre Dame and the Pontifical In- al visit in Turin on 21 and 22 June. music. The International Centre for stitute for Sacred Music. Peter Jef- In the letter, the saint is defined the Study of the Preservation and fery, organizer of the conference and as a courageous man, capable of Restoration of Cultural Property a scholar of both Western and East- making difficult decisions, ones and the Pontifical Council for Cul- ern chant at Notre Dame, and Mar- which go against the tide, such as ture were both represented at the got Fassler, director of the uni- dedicating himself against the congress. Scholars and institutions versity’s Program in Sacred Music younger generation of the poor, in together confronted the challenge of and herself a specialist in the sacred order to realize “a vast movement preserving chant as members of music of multiple periods, are con- Eastern Christian communities fident that the relationship will be- of poor for the poor”. The decision spread across the globe in a new era nefit both institutions and promote by the saint “to extend the service of diaspora. greater awareness of the traditions of beyond the frontiers of language, The UNESCO Convention for the chant and polyphony in both the race, culture and religion thanks to Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural East and West as well as their im- a tireless missionary impulse” was Heritage, signed in 2003 to safe- portance in the liturgical life of the similarly prophetic for a multicul- guard the cultural heritage of differ- Church. Maestro Walter Marzilli tural and global society. page 10 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 31 July 2015, number 31

Before leaving for Latin America the Holy Father spoke to members of Renewal in the Holy Spirit Who are we to cause division?

On Friday afternoon, 3 July, in St geneous and it includes a great vari- this unity, is greater than the part, become an organization an NGO; Peter’s Square, the Holy Father met ety of realities; it is a current of and the part cannot attribute the and power leads us — excuse me but with members of the Renewal in the grace, a renewing breath of the Spir- whole to itself. For instance, one I will say it: how many leaders be- Holy Spirit, who had come to Rome it for all members of the Church, cannot say: “We are the current come vain peacocks? — power leads for their 38th annual Convention. The laity, religious, priests and bishops. called the Catholic Charismatic Re- to vanity! And then one feels one following is the Pope’s address, which It is a challenge for us all. One does newal and you are not”. This cannot can do anything, and then one slides was given in Italian. not form part of the Renewal, be said. Please, brothers, this is how into business dealings, because the rather, the Renewal becomes a part it is; it does not come from the Spir- devil always enters through the wal- Dearest Brothers and Sisters, of us provided that we accept the it; the Holy Spirit blows where he let: this is the devil’s way in. grace it offers us”. wills, when he wills and as he wills. Good afternoon and welcome. Even The founders who received the Unity in diversity and in truth that the water [referring to the rain] is Here Cardinal Suenens spoke of charism of foundation from the is Jesus himself. What is the com- welcome, because the Lord made it. the sovereign work of the Spirit who Holy Spirit are different. Because mon sign of those who are reborn of I greatly appreciate your response to without human founders, aroused they received it, they have the oblig- this current of grace? To become my invitation in January to meet the current of grace in 1967. Re- ation to look after it, making it ma- new men and women, this is Bap- here in St Peter’s Square. Thank you newed men and women who, after ture in their communities and asso- tism in the Spirit. I ask you to read for this enthusiastic and warm re- having received the grace of Baptism ciations. The founders remain such John 3, verses 7-8: Jesus to sponse. Last year in the stadium I in the Spirit, as fruit of this grace for life, that is, they are the ones Nicodemus, rebirth in the Spirit. shared with all those present several gave life to associations, covenant who inspire, who give inspiration, reflections which I would like to re- communities, schools of formation, There is another point that it is but let the inspiration go forward. member today — because it is always schools of evangelization, religious very important to clarify, in this cur- In Buenos Aires I knew a good good to remember, to recall; the congregations, ecumenical com- rent of grace: those who lead. Dear founder, who at a certain point be- identity of the Catholic Charismatic munities, communities of help to the brothers and sisters, there is great came the advisor, and let others be- Renewal, from which gave rise to poor and the needy. temptation for the leaders — I re- come the leaders. the Renewal in the Spirit associ- I myself went to the community peat, I prefer the term servants, This current of grace leads us for- ation. I shall do so with the words of Kkottongnae, during my trip to those who serve — and this tempta- ward on a path of the Church that of Cardinal Léon-Joseph Suenens, Korea, and I also visited them in the tion for the servants comes from the in Italy has borne much fruit, I the great defender of the Charismat- Philippines. This current of grace devil, the temptation to believe they thank you. I encourage you to go ic Renewal, as he described it in the has two international organizations are indispensable, no matter what forward. In particular, I ask you for second volume of his memoirs. recognized by the Holy See which the task is. The devil leads them to your important contribution, espe- believe they are the ones in com- To start with, in this place, he re- are at its service and at the service of cially to undertake to share with all mand, who are at the centre and called the extraordinary figure of a all its expressions throughout the in the Church the Baptism you have world: “ICCRS” and “Catholic Fra- thus, step by step, they slip into au- woman who did so much at the be- received. You have lived this experi- ginning of the Charismatic Renewal; thoritarianism, into per- ence; share it in the Church. And she was his co-worker who also en- sonalism and do not let this is the most important service — joyed the trust and affection of Pope the renewed Communities the most important that can be giv- Paul VI. I am referring to Veronica live in the Spirit. This en to everyone in the Church. To O’Brien: she was the one who asked temptation is such as to help the People of God in their per- the Cardinal to go to the United make “eternal” the posi- sonal encounter with Jesus Christ, States to see what was happening, to tion of those who consider who changes us into new men and see with his own eyes what she con- themselves irreplaceable, a women, in little groups, humble but sidered to be the work of the Holy position that always has effective, because it is the Spirit at Spirit. It was then that Cardinal some form of power or work. dominance over others. Suenens got to know the Charismat- Do not look so much at having This is clear to us: the ic Renewal, which he described as a large gatherings which often end only irreplaceable one in “flow of grace”, and he was the key there, but to “homemade” re l a t i o n - person for maintaining it in the the Church is the Holy ships which stem from witness, in Church. At the Mass on Pentecost Spirit, and Jesus is the the family, at work, in social life, in Monday in 1975, Pope Paul VI only Lord. parishes, in prayer groups, with all! thanked him with these words: “In I ask you: who is the And here I ask you to take the initi- the name of the Lord I thank you only irreplaceable one in ative to create bonds of trust and co- for having brought the Charismatic the Church? [from the operation with the Bishops, who Renewal into the heart of the Square: “the Holy Spirit!”] have the pastoral responsibility to C h u rc h ”. And who is the only guide the Body of Christ, including It is not a novelty of some years Lord? [from the Square: Charismatic Renewal. Begin to take ago; the Charismatic Renewal has a “Jesus!”] Let us say that the necessary initiatives so that all long history, and in the homily of the Lord Jesus is the Lord, the Italian charismatic realities born that very Mass, the Cardinal said: ternity”. This explains the history a let us praise Jesus, loudly! Jesus is of the current of grace, may bind “May the Charismatic Renewal dis- bit, the roots. Lord! There are no others. There themselves with these bonds of trust appear as such and be transformed Last year in the stadium I also have been sad cases in this regard. and cooperation directly with their into a Pentecostal grace for the spoke of unity in diversity. I gave There must be a limited term of of- Bishops, there where they are. whole Church: to be faithful to its the example of an orchestra. In fice for posts which in reality are There is another strong sign of origin, the river must lose itself in Evangelii Gaudium I spoke of the services. An important service of the Spirit in Charismatic Renewal: the ocean”. sphere and of the polyhedron. It is leaders, of lay leaders, is to make the search for unity of the Body of The river must be lost in the not enough to speak of unity, it is those who will fill their posts at the Christ. You, Charismatics, have a ocean. Yes, if the river comes to a not any sort of unity. It is not uni- end of their service grow and mature special grace to pray and work for halt the water becomes stagnant; formity. Said thus it can be under- spiritually and pastorally. It is ap- Christian unity, so that the current should the Renewal, this current of stood as the unity of a sphere where propriate that every service in the of grace may pass through all Chris- grace, not end in the ocean of God, every point is equidistant from the Church have an expiry date; there tian Churches. Christian unity is the in the love of God, it would work centre and there are no differences are no lifelong leaders in the work of the Holy Spirit and we for itself and this is not of Jesus between one point and another. The Church. This happens in some must pray together — spiritual ecu- Christ, this is of the Evil One, of model is the polyhedron, which re- countries where there is dictatorship. menism, the ecumenism of prayer. the father of lies. The Renewal con- flects the confluence of all the parts “Learn from me, for I am meek and “But, Father, can I pray with an tinues, it comes from God and goes which maintain their originality in it humble of heart”, says Jesus. This Evangelical, with an Orthodox, with to God. and these are the charisms, in unity temptation, which is from the devil, a Lutheran?” — “You must, you Pope Paul VI blessed this. The but in their own diversity — unity in makes one go from servant to mas- must! You have received the same Cardinal continued, saying: “The d i v e r s i t y. ter, one dominates that community, Baptism”. We have all received the first error that must be avoided is in- The distinction is important be- that group. This temptation also same Baptism; we are all going on cluding the Charismatic Renewal in cause we are speaking of the work of makes one slide into vanity. And Jesus’ path, we want Jesus. We have the category of a Movement. It is the Holy Spirit, not our own. Unity there are so many people — we have all made these divisions in history, not a specific Movement; the Re- in the diversity of expressions of heard these two testimonies, of the for so many reasons, but not good newal is not a Movement in the reality, as many as the Holy Spirit couple and Hugo’s — how many ones. But now, in fact, is the time in common sociological sense; it does wills to arouse. It is also necessary temptations lead to making a com- which the Spirit makes us think that not have founders, it is not homo- to remember that the whole, namely, munity suffer and hinder works, and these divisions are not good, that number 31, Friday, 31 July 2015 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 11

the Square: “Jesus!”]. Jesus is the please, do not forget to pray for me, Lord! I remind you: Charismatic because I need it. Thank you. Renewal is a Pentecostal grace for the whole Church. Agreed? [from Before the final Blessing, the Pope the Square: “Ye s ! ”]. If someone does spoke the following words: not agree, raise your hand! Unity in the diversity of the Spir- And with Bibles, with the Word of it, not any unity — the sphere and God, go, preach the novelty that Je- the polyhedron — remember this sus has given us. Preach to the poor, well, the common experience of to the marginalized, to the blind, to Baptism in the Holy Spirit and the the sick, to the imprisoned, to all fraternal and direct bond with the men and women. Within each one is diocesan bishop, because the whole the Spirit, who wishes to be helped is greater than the parts. Then, unity to open wide the door to make him in the Body of Christ: pray together flourish again. May the Lord accom- with other Christians, work together pany you in this mission, with the with other Christians for the poor Bible always in hand, with the Gos- and the needy. We all have the same pel always in your pocket, with the Baptism. Organize seminars of life Word of Christ. in the Spirit for brothers and sisters these divisions are a counter- are brothers, they are our martyrs! — living on the street, also for brothers testimony, and we must do the ecumenism of blood. Fifty years and sisters marginalized by so much everything in order to journey to- ago, at the canonization of the suffering in life. Allow me to recall gether: spiritual ecumenism, the ecu- young martyrs of Uganda, Blessed Hugo’s witness. The Lord called menism of prayer, the ecumenism of Paul VI made reference to the fact him precisely because the Holy Spir- D ifferences work, but of charity at the same that their Anglican companion cat- it made him see the joy of following be reconciled time; the ecumenism of reading the echists had also poured out their Jesus. Organize seminars of life in Bible together.... To go together to- blood for the same reason; they were the Holy Spirit for people who live During the meeting in St Peter’s wards unity. “But Father, do we have Christians, they were martyrs. Ex- on the street. to sign a document for this?” — “Let cuse me, do not be scandalized, they Square with the Movement of yourself be carried forward by the are our martyrs! Because they gave And then, if the Lord gives us Renewal in the Holy Spirit, Pope Holy Spirit: pray, work, love and their life for Christ and this is the life, I expect you all together at the Francis recited the following prayer: ecumenism of blood — pray, remem- meeting of the ICCRS and of the then the Spirit will do the rest!”. We adore You, Almighty God, bering our common martyrs. Catholic Fraternity, which are This current of grace passes already organizing it, all of you and Father, Son and Holy Spirit. through all Christian Confessions, Unity in working together for the all those who wish to come at Pente- Father, send us the Holy Spirit all of us who believe in Christ — poor and the needy, who are also in cost in 2017 — it is not so far off! — that Jesus promised us. He will unity first of all in prayer. The work need of the Baptism of the Holy here in St Peter’s Square to celebrate guide us to unity. He is the One for Christian unity begins with pray- Spirit. It would be so beautiful to the Golden Jubilee of this current of who gives the charisms, who er. Pray together. organize seminars of life in the Spir- it, together with other Christian grace — an opportunity for the works variety in the Church, and Unity, for the blood of today’s Church, as Blessed Paul VI said in it is He who brings about unity. martyrs makes us one. There is the Charismatic realities, for brothers and sisters who live on the street: St Peter’s Basilica in 1975. We will Send us the Holy Spirit, that He ecumenism of blood. We know that gather to give thanks to the Holy may teach us all that Jesus taught when those who hate Jesus Christ they too have the Spirit within who impels them, so that someone will Spirit for the gift of this current of us and that He may give us the kill a Christian, before killing him, grace, which is for the Church and memory of what Jesus said. Jesus, they do not ask him: “Are you a open wide the door from the outside. It seems that the rain has for the world, and to celebrate the Lord, You asked for us all the Lutheran, are you an Orthodox, are wonders that the Holy Spirit has grace of unity in this Church you an Evangelical, are you a stopped. The heat is over. The Lord worked in the course of these 50 which is yours, not ours. History Baptist, are you a Methodist?” Yo u is good, first he gives us heat, then a good shower! He is with us. Let years, changing the life of millions has divided us. Jesus, help us to are Christian! And they sever the of Christians. head. They are not confused; they yourselves be guided by the Holy go on the path of unity or of know there is a root there, which Spirit, by this current of grace, Thank you again for having re- reconciled diversity. Lord, You gives life to all of us and which is which goes forward always in search sponded joyfully to my invitation. always do what you promise, give called Jesus Christ, and that it is the of unity. No one is the master. There May Jesus bless you and may the us the unity of all Christians. Holy Spirit who leads us to unity! is only one Lord. Who is it? [from Holy Virgin protect you. And, Amen. Those who hate Jesus Christ, led by the Evil One, do not confuse one with the other. They know and there- fore kill without asking questions. And this is something that I en- VAT I C A N BULLETIN trust to you, perhaps I have already told you this, but it is a true story. It CONTINUED FROM PA G E 2 ular episcopal See of Amida for Ar- The Holy Father appointed Cardin- is a true story. In Hamburg, a city of menians on 3 January 1977. He was al Angelo Scola, Archbishop of Germany, there was a parish priest Communio as requested in accord appointed Bishop of Sainte-Croix- Milan, Italy, as his Special Envoy who studied the writings to carry with can. 76 § 2 of the Code of de-Paris on 30 June 1986, when the to the Holy Mass to be celebrated forward the cause for the beatifica- Canons of the Eastern Churches to Apostolic Exarchate became an Ep- held in Bobbio, Italy, on 30 Au- tion of a priest killed by Nazis, guil- H.B. Grégoire Pierre XX G h a b ro y - archy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris. gust, on the occasion of the 18th lotined. The reason: he taught chil- an, canonically elected Patriarch of International Meeting of the dren the catechism. And, as he stud- Cilicia for Armenians on 24 July Colombian Community, on the ied, he discovered that after the 2015 by the Synod of that Patri- PA PA L LE G AT E 1400th anniversary of the death of priest, five minutes later, a Lutheran archal Church (25 July). St Colombanus (26 July). pastor was guillotined for the same The Synod of Bishops of the Ar- The Holy Father appointed Cardin- The Holy Father appointed Cardin- reason. And the blood of both was menian Catholic Church, met in al Pietro Parolin, Secretary of State, al Kurt Koch, President of the mixed: both were martyrs, both were Bzormmar, Lebanon, from 14-24 Ju- as his Papal Legate to the celebra- Pontifical Council for Promoting martyrs. It is the ecumenism of ly 2015, and elected Bishop tion for the fifth centenary of the Christian Unity, as his Special En- blood. If the enemy unites us in Grégoire Ghabroyan as the new evangelization of East Timor, to be voy to the closing celebrations for death, who are we to be divided in Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenians. held in Dili, East Timor, on 15 Au- the 1,500th anniversary of the life? Let us allow the Spirit to enter, Until now he has been Eparchial gust 2015 (25 July). foundation of the Abbey of St let us pray to go forward all togeth- Maurice, Switzerland, which will er. “But there are differences!”. Let Bishop emeritus of Sainte-Croix-de- Paris, France, and Administrator of take place on 22 September next us leave them aside; let us walk with SPECIAL ENVOY (26 July). what we have in common, which is the same Patriarchal Church. The enough: there is the Holy Trinity; new Patriarch took the name The Holy Father appointed Cardin- there is Baptism. Let us go forward Grégoire Pierre XX Ghabroyan (25 al Josip Bozanić, Archbishop of NECROLO GY in the strength of the Holy Spirit. July). Zagreb, Croatia, as his Special En- A few months ago, there were Patriarch Ghabroyan, 80, was voy to the celebration for the 300th Bishop Simon Pierre Saint-Hillien, those 23 Egyptians who were also born in Aleppo, Syria. He was or- anniversary of the founding of the CSC, of Hinche, Haiti, at age 64 (22 July). beheaded on the beach in Libya, dained a priest on 28 March 1959. Shrine of the Miraculous Madonna who in that moment said Jesus’ He was appointed Apostolic Ex- of Sinj in the Archdiocese of Split- Card. William Wakefield Baum, name. “But they were not Catholics arch for Armenian Catholics resid- Makarska, to be held on 15 August Archbishop emeritus of Washing- ...”. But they were Christians, they ent in France, and assigned the tit- 2015 (21 July). ton, USA, at age 88 (24 July). page 12 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 31 July 2015, number 31

A reflection on the epic in Hebrew Scriptures From the conquest of idols to the worship of the true God

JANE DOMINIC LAU R E L , OP* Seeing our own vulnerabilities and defenses, we can at last be moved to Among all the contemporaneous be compassionate toward the vulner- writings of their time, the Hebrew abilities and defenses of another. We Scriptures stand alone in their see our common humanity, and we unique conception of the holy, of finally begin to understand the com- the true God. Employing an ingeni- mandment: “Love your neighbor for ous yet incredibly human and even he is as you are”. Made in the image charming pedagogy, they teach us and likeness of the God who tells us the nature of the true holy. Perhaps He is mercy and compassion, we re- one of the most accessible images to cognize that mercy and compassion describe this pedagogy is offered by must be the measure and guide for Rabbi Jack Bemporad: the image of all our actions. We see who the Lord the epic. Incorporating his insights has been for us, full of patience and into the context of the Catholic kindness. We see who we must be faith, a beautiful image emerges. for others. In the typical epic, the protagon- This is freedom from slavery. To ist leaves home, takes up a mission love as the Lord God loves. This is of momentous proportion, and, once the holiness of the true God. There the mission has been accomplished, is a sacredness to each human per- returns home changed by the jour- son, for each is made in the image ney. If Israel as a corporate person- and likeness of God. He shares in ality can be seen as the protagonist, the dignity of God, and so he has a and if we can see ourselves in Israel, the epic journey of the Hebrew responsibility to live according to Scriptures comes to life in a new that dignity, loving the other per- w a y. sons who share that same image not In Adam, we sin and so we are as objects but as subjects. The Lord also justly forced to leave home, the loves us not as objects but as sub- intimate presence of God enjoyed by jects, relates to us through compas- man in the Garden of Eden. The sion, kindness, and patience, not mission we are sent to accomplish is through manipulation and use. Thus in the very exercise of the ethical di- indeed one of momentous propor- March Chagall, “Moses receives the Ten Commandments” (The Chagall Museum in Nice, France) tion: to uncover the mystery of who vine attributes, we come close to God is. The antagonist, cleverly dis- God Himself. Being compassionate guised, presents himself under the image that is in every idol, every sin, They were the means by which we and gracious, patient and merciful identities of various pagan idols. we ever worshipped. The false self- made ourselves gods and judges, to other human persons, we begin to We, Israel, the unsuspecting and image coaxed us into the pressing disparagers and gossipers — sup erior see into the soul of the other — we oftentimes naïve protagonist, fall in- begin to see and to understand also need to be victorious, right, superi- to the one, superior to the others. to the trap of idol worship; for, the God Himself. The eyes of our hearts or, comfortable, wealthy, and respec- Through them we exalted our own antagonist draws us in by inciting us false self-image, wove the lies we are continually purified, and we are ted. to fear or enticing us to desire. For told to ourselves about ourselves, continually transformed until at last This is the confrontation at the example, when King Ahaz was full living in the realm of an oppressive we can return home to the Father’s of crippling fear, surrounded by en- heart of this epic within the Hebrew u n re a l i t y. house victorious and utterly changed emies on every side, he burnt up his Scriptures: we must face who we are, Nietzsche says that what distin- within. own son as a sacrifice to a false idol who we pretend to be, and then guishes humans from other animals Still another epic, a greater epic, (2 Kings 16); and, is the fact that we can lie. We feel circumscribes our own epic when Solomon was full that by this means we can manipu- struggles: the epic of the God who of desire for sensuous This is the confrontation at the heart of late and use others, and yet this very does not fail. He who is the measure foreign wives, he built this epic within the Hebrew Scriptures: we modus operandi immediately makes of all compassion, all kindness, pa- temples to the gods must face who we are, who we pretend to us vulnerable to others. If the other tience, mercy, and fidelity begins Chemosh and Molech discovers the lie, what evil will they His ‘journey’ in our time by creating (1 Kings 11:7). But be, and then what we must do inflict upon us? Suffering under the not only that time but also us, other neither the fear nor the lies of others and by our own lies, subjects made to be like Him. At desire need be so dra- we become painfully aware of our the most decisive moment in history, matic; the subtle has its own appeal. what we must do. Like Miriam and own vulnerability and fragility. Only this God Himself leaves His heav- The simpler fear of not having so Namaan we bear the leprosy of the once we have come to this realiza- enly home most radically in the In- abundant a harvest or the mere de- false self-image; like David we are tion do we begin to desire to escape carnation — to put into flesh and sire for notoriety and a more com- confronted by Nathan and forced to the slavery of idolatry, this worship words, blood and sweat, the com- fortable way of living leads to idol look at the rationalizations we have of the false self-image. passion that is holiness, the compas- worship too. Bribing and propitiat- made for our sins. Painfully, we Now, the Lord God can come and sion wherein He makes His own our ing, deceiving and being deceived, must begin to refashion our own rescue us out of this slavery. He vulnerability and fragility. The su- become a way of life. Before we self-consciousness. gives to us as our leader, Moses, “by preme epic hero weeps over Jerus- know it, the antagonist has made us With the help of the law, the far the meekest man on the face of alem and allows Himself to be cruci- into his slaves, people who live only prophets, and our corporate history, the earth” (Num 12:3). Moses leads fied. By His death He shows the by fear and desire. we begin to see that we had re- us through the desert of purification vulnerability of love in this act of Trapped in the sin of idolatry, arranged our world so that we and transformation, and he asks the supreme compassion. And yet, His how is Israel to escape? Only by un- would be at the center of it and not Lord on our behalf, “Show me Your omnipotence — His love and com- covering the identity of the antagon- God. We chose what was important; face” — ‘Show me Your inner es- passion — is such that violence and ist. Thus, there is then the call to we chose what suited us (Is 44:9 ff.). sence.’” The Lord does not answer arms, the courageous struggle, the We see why the prophets warned us by describing Himself in metaphys- hatred, envy and fear, do not have suffering in battle. By divine provid- again and again that we ought never ical terms; rather, He answers de- the last word. He rises. He unites us ence present in the battle, the enemy to feel good at the expense of another — scribing Himself in ethical terms: to Himself, walks with us, suffers is pinned to the ground. He can fi- because every scapegoat, every “The Lord, the Lord, a merciful and with us, strengthens and nourishes nally be unmasked. In half-dread group of people that became an ob- gracious God, slow to anger and us, and transforms us inwardly, all and half-delight, we pull the mask ject of our hatred, every person that rich in kindness and fidelity” (Ex the while leading us back home to off his face only to discover in an we used or manipulated, and every 34:6). This is the secret of the way Our Father’s house. ironically unbearable twist of plot — individual whom we considered to to freedom — the path we had been that he bears our own face. It is our be wrong, weak, sinful, or incorri- seeking, our way to victory. By un- *from the Congregation of St Cecilia; own false self-image that is the ant- gible actually became the means dergoing suffering we can at last be Asst Professor of theology at Aquinas agonist. It is our own false self- through which we were idolaters. moved by the suffering of another. College in Nashville, Tennessee, USA