Legal Technology & Informatics: Syllabus
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Philosophy of Technology for Computational Law
© Mireille Hildebrandt, draft chapter for OUP’s The Philosophical Foundations of Information Technology Law, eds. David Mangan, Catherine Easton, Daithí Mac Síthigh A philosophy of technology for computational law Abstract: This chapter confronts the foundational challenges posed to legal theory and legal philosophy by the surge of computational law. Two types of computational law are at stake. On the one hand we have artificial intelligence in the legal realm that will be addressed as data-driven law, and on the other hand we have the coding of self-executing contracts and regulation in the blockchain, as well as other types of automated decision making (ADM), addressed as code-driven law. Data-driven law raises problems due to its autonomic operations and the ensuing opacity of its reasoning. Code-driven law presents us with a conflation of regulation, execution and adjudication. Though such implications are very different, both types of computational law share assumptions based on the calculability and computability of legal practice and legal research. Facing the assumptions and implications of data- and code-driven law the chapter will first investigate the affordances of current, text-driven law, and relate some of the core tenets of the Rule of Law to those affordances. This will lead to an enquiry into what computational law affords in terms of legal protection, assuming that one of the core functions of the law and the Rule of Law is to protect what is not computable. Keywords: positive law, rule of law, legal certainty, justice, -
Legal Technology & Informatics: Syllabus
Legal Technology & Informatics: Syllabus Think Outside The Bar Notre Dame Law School Spring Semester, 2015 Ron Dolin, JD, PhD, CoInstructor Jason Boehmig, JD, CoInstructor Synopsis: Legal technology is rapidly transforming both the practice and nature of law. This class seeks to explore both the current trends and the future possibilities of this transformation, as we begin to train the future generation of technology savvy lawyers, and technologists who understand the intricacies and potential of what the law could be. Legal informatics could be defined as a computational perspective of law: where does legal information reside, and how is it manipulated and transmitted? Note that there are no prerequisites for this class beyond an interest in the subject. There are numerous examples of technologically driven legal transformation. Case law search has moved from hard copy to closed digital systems such as Westlaw and LexisNexis, and into free cloudbased systems such as Google Scholar and Ravel Law. More and more statutes are available online. Changes can be seen in ediscovery, privacy, the delivery of (online) legal services, and the budding legal technology startup community. As a result, questions arise as to the proper statutory and ethical framework for the legal profession and the boundaries between humans and machines in implementing legal functions. Beyond the current and nearterm technologies, however, are core academic and philosophical questions that will have increasing import as machines gain in sophistication and capability. -
Practice Fusion Gets $23 Million to Compete in “Winner-Take-All” Market for Electronic Medical Records Technology Wade Roush 4/5/11
Practice Fusion Gets $23 Million To Compete in “Winner-Take-All” Market for Electronic Medical Records Technology Wade Roush 4/5/11 Practice Fusion, a San Francisco startup that claims to be the fastest-growing maker of electronic medical records systems for physicians’ practices, may be able to supercharge that growth now, thanks to a $23 million infusion from Peter Thiel’s Founders Fund and a posse of other investors. The Series B investment, announced today, brings Practice Fusion’s total venture backing to $30 million and will help the company “reach every doctor and practice in the country in our market,” says founder and CEO Ryan Howard. Founders Fund, started in 2005 by Thiel and fellow PayPal alums Ken Howery and Luke Nosek, is a first- time investor in Practice Fusion, as are syndicate partners Artis Capital Management and Glynn Capital Management. Series A investors Morgenthaler Ventures and Felicis Ventures also participated in the round. With billions in dollars in federal incentives awaiting medical practices that adopt electronic recordkeeping systems, there’s a veritable gold rush underway, with dozens of startups and established companies vying to supply doctors with systems for digitizing patient records, reviewing test results, ordering electronic prescriptions, and the like. Practice Fusion, with its free, easy-to-adopt Web-based system, is seen as one of the leaders in the field. The big jump in funding for the five-year-old startup—from a $7 million A round in early 2010 to the current $23 million B round—is in part a recognition of how quickly its system seems to be catching on with doctors. -
Venture Capitalists at Work How Vcs Identify and Build Billion-Dollar Successes
Venture Capitalists at Work How VCs Identify and Build Billion-Dollar Successes Tarang Shah Sheetal Shah Venture Capitalists at Work Copyright © 2011 by Tarang Shah and Sheetal Shah All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- ing, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-3837-9 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-3838-6 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringe- ment of the trademark. President and Publisher: Paul Manning Lead Editor: Jeff Olson Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Morgan Ertel, Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Robert Hutchinson, Michelle Lowman, James Markham, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Gwenan Spearing, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Coordinating Editor: Jessica Belanger Editorial Assistant: Rita Fernando Copy Editor: Kimberly Burton Compositor: Mary Sudul Indexer: SPi Global Cover Designer: Anna Ishschenko Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348- 4505, e-mail [email protected], or visit http://www.springeronline.com. For information on translations, please contact us by e-mail at [email protected], or visit http://www.apress.com. -
Dan Katz on Legal Informatics, Corporate Law Firm Ownership and 21St Century Legal Education September 20, 2011 Dan Katz
Dan Katz on Legal Informatics, Corporate Law Firm Ownership and 21st Century Legal Education September 20, 2011 Dan Katz A recent article argues “65 percent of today’s elementary aged kids may end up doing work that hasn’t even yet been invented.” This is a thought provoking number and it points to the disruptive nature of innovation and its impact on a variety of labor markets. There is a portion of the downturn in legal hiring that is associated with the business cycle. When economic conditions improve – there should be a rebound. However, starting even before the recession, it is reasonably clear that a serious structural change was underway. Expect this broader trend to continue. As Bruce H. Kobayashi & Larry E. Ribstein have argued, we are at the very beginning of Law’s Information Revolution. Whether we like it or not, informatics, computing and technology are going to change both what it means to practice law and to “think like a lawyer.” Yesterday’s Fast is Today’s Slow: For better or for worse, when it comes to building software, there is nothing deeply exceptional about a subset of tasks undertaken by lawyers. In this vein, law is like other industries. The bundle of skills associated with the practice of law falls on a continuum – where a number of basic tasks have already been displaced by computation / automation / “soft” artificial intelligence. Faced with cost pressures, legal information technology is being leveraged to either automate or semi-automate tasks previously performed by teams of lawyers. Namely, a series of first generation innovations such as e-discovery and automated document generation have already imposed significant consequences on the legal services market. -
Communication Models in Law1
T. Bekrycht: Communication Models in Law 157 COMMUNICATION MODELS IN LAW1 by TOMASZ BEKRYCHT* Communication processes can be generally described with the use of two models. The first one adopts cybernetic perspective, while the second one adopts social per- spective. Cybernetic perspective leads to transmission conception of communication whereas the social one to convergent concept of it. Both communication models are deeply present in the legal discourses, i.e. in lawmaking discourse and discourse of application. The issue related to the analysis of communication models in law is a part of a comprehensive area, which in the literature on the subject is related to the problem of ideology of lawmaking and law application. Dynamic nature of our social and legal reality can be described, on the one hand, by means of the conceptual network of communication models and, on the other hand, by means of many models of law- making and law application created by Jerzy Wróblewski and socio-historical model of lawmaking developed by Ewa Kustra based on the models of law set out in the conception of Phillipe Nonet and Phillip Selznick. The paper describes the position of the above-mentioned models in these discourses. KEYWORDS Modelling, discourse of lawmaking, discourse of law application, communication models 1. INTRODUCTION The issue related to the analysis of communication models in law is a part of a comprehensive area, which in the literature on the subject is related to 1 The following text was prepared as a part of a research grant financed by National Science Center (Poland), No. DEC-2012/05/B/HS5/01111. -
Selection Committee 2015
Technology Pioneers Selection Committee 2015 Linda Boland Abraham Co-Founder and Executive Vice- comScore Inc. USA President, Global Development Noubar Afeyan Managing Partner and Chief Flagship Ventures USA Executive Officer David B. Agus Professor of Medicine and USC Center for Applied USA Engineering Molecular Medicine Howard Alper Chair and President Science, Technology and Canada Innovation Council Jim Andrew Executive Vice-President; Chief Royal Philips Netherlands Strategy and Innovation Officer; Chairman, Sustainability Board; Member, Executive Committee Takao Asami Global Alliance Vice President, Renault-Nissan Alliance Japan Research and Advanced Engineering Remi Bastien Vice-President, Advanced Renault-Nissan Alliance France Research, Materials Morgan Bazilian Deputy Director Joint Institute for Strategic USA Energy Analysis Marthin de Beer Senior Vice-President, General Cisco USA Manager, Emerging Technologies Group Brian Behlendorf Managing Director Mithril Capital Management USA LLC John Bell President, Academy of Medical University of Oxford United Sciences and Regius Professor of Kingdom Medicine Henry Blodget Chief Executive Officer and Business Insider Inc. USA Editor-in-Chief Barbara Burger Vice-President of Lubricants Chevron Corporation USA Supply Chain and Base Oil Marco Cantamessa Professor, Department of Politecnico Di Torino Italy Management and Production Engineering (DIGEP) Tony F. Chan President The Hong Kong University of Hong Kong Science and Technology SAR George F. Colony Chairman of the Board and Chief Forrester Research Inc. USA Executive Officer Michael Copeland Partner Andreessen Horowitz USA Todd C. Cozzens Venture Partner Sequoia Capital USA Jeffrey M. Drazen Editor-in-Chief The New England Journal of USA Medicine Esther Dyson Founder Health Intervention USA Coordinating Council (HICCup) Jennifer Elisseeff Professor Johns Hopkins University USA Bob G. -
A Comparison of Four Ontologies for the Design of Legal Knowledge Systems ?
Artificial Intelligence and Law 6: 27–57, 1998. 27 © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. A Comparison of Four Ontologies for the Design of Legal Knowledge Systems ? PEPIJN R. S. VISSER and TREVOR J. M. BENCH-CAPON LIAL – Legal Informatics at Liverpool, Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, United Kingdom, (+44) 151 - 794 3792, E-mail: {pepijn, tbc}@csc.liv.ac.uk Abstract. There is a growing interest in how people conceptualise the legal domain for the purpose of legal knowledge systems. In this paper we discuss four such conceptualisations (referred to as on- tologies): McCarty’s language for legal discourse, Stamper’s norma formalism, Valente’s functional ontology of law, and the ontology of Van Kralingen and Visser. We present criteria for a comparison of the ontologies and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the ontologies in relation to these criteria. Moreover, we critically review the criteria. 1. Introduction In the Oxford dictionary the word ontology is defined as the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being (Allen, 1990). The word ontology is used in AI research as well, although its meaning in the latter field is only remotely related to the original metaphysical meaning of the word†. In the latter field, ontologies are loosely defined as ‘explicit conceptualisations of a domain’ (Gruber, 1992). Recently the results of gathering explicit conceptualisations of knowledge-system domains has been recognised as a valuable effort in its own right, deserving of widespread attention (e.g., Wiederhold, 1994, p. 7). This trend can also be seen in the legal domain, for instance, Moles and Dayal argue that researchers in the field of AI and Law should study the (implicit) ‘assumptions being made about the nature of law’ (Moles & Dayal, 1992, p. -
Transcript Peter Thiel: Escape the Competition (A)
Transcript Peter Thiel: Escape the Competition (A) PETER THIEL: “The greatest adventure is what lies ahead. Today and tomorrow are yet to be said. The chances the changes are all yours to make. The mold of your life is in your hands to break.” NARRATOR: That was Peter Thiel, reciting “The Greatest Adventure” by J.R.R. Tolkien. Peter Thiel is the co- founder of PayPal, and his unconventional career reflects the adventures of someone who was clearly willing to break the mold. No surprises, then, “The Greatest Adventure” is a poem he has memorized. In this first-ever “podcase,” adapted from the Masters of Scale podcast, Thiel discusses the early history of PayPal with his longtime friend, frequent collaborator, and our host, Reid Hoffman. Hoffman himself is a character in the story. He’s now best known as the Co-Founder of LinkedIn, and an iconic Silicon Valley investor at Greylock Partners. But before that, he served alongside Thiel as PayPal’s Chief Operating Officer. Thiel often refers to Hoffman as PayPal’s “Firefighter in Chief.” A bit of back story might be useful: Peter Thiel initially co-founded a company called Confinity, focused on online payments. Confinity merged with a company called X.com — which was co- founded by Elon Musk. The new company was re-named PayPal. And those founding executives have gone on to dominate the tech industry, both by launching startups and investing in them. Elon Musk went on to found Tesla and SpaceX, for example. Thiel and Hoffman were among the earliest investors in Facebook. -
Model and Autonomous Levels of AI Legal Reasoning
AI and Legal Argumentation: Aligning the Autonomous Levels of AI Legal Reasoning Dr. Lance B. Eliot Chief AI Scientist, Techbruim; Fellow, CodeX: Stanford Center for Legal Informatics Stanford, California, USA Abstract concerning how to best undertake legal argumentation Legal argumentation is a vital cornerstone of justice, and how to gauge when legal argumentation is being underpinning an adversarial form of law, and accomplished well or performed poorly [10] [41] [46]. extensive research has attempted to augment or undertake legal argumentation via the use of Taking a brief side tangent for purposes of definitional computer-based automation including Artificial clarity, there is pervasive ambiguity about the meaning Intelligence (AI). AI advances in Natural Language of the phrase “legal argumentation” as to its exact Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) have definition and denotations. Likewise, the phrase “legal especially furthered the capabilities of leveraging AI argument” also has varied connotations. To make this for aiding legal professionals, doing so in ways that discussion relatively parsimonious, this paper are modeled here as CARE, namely Crafting, considers that “legal argumentation” shall herein refer Assessing, Refining, and Engaging in legal to the broadest scope of all facets involved in the act of argumentation. In addition to AI-enabled legal argumentation within the field of law. Meanwhile, the argumentation serving to augment human-based phrase “legal argument” will be reserved for use when lawyering, an aspirational goal of this multi- discussing a particular instance or sub-element within disciplinary field consists of ultimately achieving the umbrella of legal argumentation. It is hoped that autonomously effected human-equivalent legal this will enable the discussion to be more readily argumentation. -
An Ontological AI-And-Law Framework for the Autonomous Levels of AI Legal Reasoning
An Ontological AI-and-Law Framework for the Autonomous Levels of AI Legal Reasoning Dr. Lance B. Eliot Chief AI Scientist, Techbruim; Fellow, CodeX: Stanford Center for Legal Informatics Stanford, California, USA Abstract At the core of the law is the human cognitive aspects for A framework is proposed that seeks to identify and establish legal reasoning [62], and it is presumed that legal reasoning a set of robust autonomous levels articulating the realm of ultimately underlies all the salient acts of studying, convey- Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning (AILR). Doing ing, and undertaking the practice of law [35] [36]. As such, so provides a sound and parsimonious basis for being able AI as applied to the law is predominantly about the nature to assess progress in the application of AI to the law, and of legal reasoning and how this cognitive act can be under- can be utilized by scholars in academic pursuits of AI legal taken by a computer-based system. Aptly stated by Ghosh reasoning, along with being used by law practitioners and [33]: “AI & Law is a subfield of AI research that focuses on legal professionals in gauging how advances in AI are aid- designing computer programs, or computational models, ing the practice of law and the realization of aspirational that perform or simulate legal reasoning. In other words, AI versus achieved results. A set of seven levels of autonomy & Law is the field of modeling computationally the legal for AI and Legal Reasoning are meticulously proffered and reasoning for the purpose of building tools for legal prac- mindfully discussed. -
The New Machine Age
THE NEW MACHINE AGE 1 www.language-and-skills.eu WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” ― Arthur C. Clarke “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” ― R. Buckminster Fuller “Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.” ― Pablo Picasso “What a computer is to me is the most remarkable tool that we have ever come up with. It's the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds.” ― Steve Jobs “There will come a time when it isn't 'They're spying on me through my phone' anymore. Eventually, it will be 'My phone is spying on me'.” ― Philip K. Dick “Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards.” ― Aldous Huxley, Ends and Means “The Internet is like alcohol in some sense. It accentuates what you would do anyway. If you want to be a loner, you can be more alone. If you want to connect, it makes it easier to connect.” ― Esther Dyson “As technology accumulates and people in more parts of the planet become interdependent, the hatred between them tends to decrease, for the simple reason that you can't kill someone and trade with him too.” ― Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature “Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already but too easy to arrive at; as railroads lead to Boston or New York.