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The Spread of Hindu-Arabic Numerals in the European Tradition of Practical Mathematics (13 Th -16 Th Centuries)
Figuring Out: The Spread of Hindu-Arabic Numerals in the European Tradition of Practical Mathematics (13 th -16 th centuries) Raffaele Danna PhD Candidate Faculty of History, University of Cambridge [email protected] CWPESH no. 35 1 Abstract: The paper contributes to the literature focusing on the role of ideas, practices and human capital in pre-modern European economic development. It argues that studying the spread of Hindu- Arabic numerals among European practitioners allows to open up a perspective on a progressive transmission of useful knowledge from the commercial revolution to the early modern period. The analysis is based on an original database recording detailed information on over 1200 texts, both manuscript and printed. This database provides the most detailed reconstruction available of the European tradition of practical arithmetic from the late 13 th to the end of the 16 th century. It can be argued that this is the tradition which drove the adoption of Hindu-Arabic numerals in Europe. The dataset is analysed with statistical and spatial tools. Since the spread of these texts is grounded on inland patterns, the evidence suggests that a continuous transmission of useful knowledge may have played a role during the shift of the core of European trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. 2 Introduction Given their almost universal diffusion, Hindu-Arabic numerals can easily be taken for granted. Nevertheless, for a long stretch of European history numbers have been represented using Roman numerals, as the positional numeral system reached western Europe at a relatively late stage. This paper provides new evidence to reconstruct the transition of European practitioners from Roman to Hindu-Arabic numerals. -
The Printing Revolution in Europe, 1455-1500 Author Index 1
Incunabula: The Printing Revolution in Europe, 1455-1500 Author Index Aaron Hakohen. Abraham ibn Ezra. Orhot Hayyim. Perush ha-Torah. [Spain or Portugal: Printer of Alfasi's Halakhot. [before Naples: Joseph ben Jacob Ashkenazi Gunzenhauser and his 1492?] son [Azriel]. 2 May 1488 ia00000500: GW 486; Offenberg 2; Thesaurus Tipog. ia00009300: H 23; Fava & Bresciano 262; Sander 4; IGI 6 = Hebraicae B37. VI E2; IDL 2448; Sajó-Soltész 1; Voulliéme, Berlin 3178; Fiche: IH 52 Ohly-Sack 4; Madsen 2; Proctor 6729; Cowley p.14; De Rossi (p.58) 21; Encyclopaedia Judaica 122; Freimann p.115; Abbey of the Holy Ghost. Freimann, Frankfurt 1; Goldstein 52; HSTC 73; Jacobs 53; Westminster: Wynkyn de Worde. [about 1497] Marx 1; Offenberg 56; Offenberg, Rosenthal 13; Schwab 46; ia00001500: Duff 1; H 19; STC 13609; Oates 4142; Proctor Steinschneider, Bodley 4221(1); Thesaurus Tipog. Hebraicae 9721; GW 1; Fac: ed. F. Jenkinson, Cambridge, 1907. A60; Wach II 158; Zedner p.22; GW 114. Fiche: EN 129 Fiche: IH 1 Abiosus, Johannes Baptista. Abrégé de la destruction de Troie. Dialogus in astrologiae defensionem cum vaticinio a Paris: Michel Le Noir. 1500 diluvio ad annos 1702. With additions by Domicus Palladius ia00009700: CIBN A-4, GW 119. Soranus. Fiche: RM 78 Venice: Franciscus Lapicida. 20 Oct. 1494 ia00008000: H 24*; GfT 2207; Klebs 1.1; Pellechet 17; CIBN Abstemius, Laurentius. A-2; IGI 2; IBP 1; IBE 2; Essling 756; Sander 1; Walsh Fabulae (Ed: Domicus Palladius Soranus). Aded: Aesopus: 2626A; Sheppard 4581; Proctor 5543; BSB-Ink A-2; GW 6. Fabulae (Tr: Laurentius Valla). -
Uber Die Algebra Bei Heinrich Schreyber
Uber die Algebra bei Heinrich Schreyber Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rechenkunst zu Beginn der Neuzeit Von Wolfgang Kaunzner Vorwort In allgemeinen Darstellungen wurde schon oft über Heinrich Schreyber aus Erfurt geschrieben, meistens dann, wenn auch der anderen mathematischen Schriftsteller des 16. Jahrhunderts gedacht wurde. Eine Arbeit von Christian Friedrich Müller: Henricus Grammatem und sein Algorismus de integris, Zwickau 1896, bringt zwar die Lebensdaten in ziemlich geschlossener Form, geht allerdings nicht weiter auf das hier betrachtete Buch: Ayn new kunstlich Buech welches gar gewiß vnd behend lernet nach der gemainen regel Detre9 welschen practic, regeln falsi vnd etlichen regeln Gosse mancherlay schöne vnd zuwissen notürfftig rechnung auff kauffmanschafft. Auch nach den pro- portion der kunst des gesanngs jm diatonischen geschlecht auß zutaylen mo- nochordum, orgelpfeyffen vnd ander jnstrument auß der erfindung Pythagore. Weytter ist hierjnnen begriffen buechhaltten durch das Zornal, Kaps, vnd schuldbuch, Visier zumachen durch den quadrat vnnd triangel mit vil andern lustigen stücken der Geometrey. Gemacht auff der löblichen hoen schul zu Wienn in Osterreich durch Henricum Grammateum, oder schreyber von Erf- furdt der sieben freyen künsten Maister ein, welches im folgenden Rechen• buch genannt wird. Trotzdem finden wir bei Müller, 18 f, den interessanten Hinweis, daß dieses Werk Schreybers erst 1521 in Nürnberg gedruckt wurde1, obwohl die Widmung an Johannsen Tschertte, — Mitglied des Senats und Hospitalmeister zu Wien, — von 1518 stammt2; das heißt, dieses Buch war bereits drei Jahre vor seinem Druck fertig. Vielleicht widersetzte man sich deshalb anfangs der Herausgabe, weil Schreybers Konzept erstmals mehrere Gebiete der Rechenkunst umfaßte, der theoretischen und der praktischen. Es lassen sich einige Nachdrucke mit teils verändertem Titel, aber fast unver• ändertem Text aufzeigen3. -
Trace of a Forgotten Locus of Mathematical Sophistication Høyrup, Jens
Roskilde University The `Unknown Heritage´ Trace of a Forgotten Locus of Mathematical Sophistication Høyrup, Jens Publication date: 2007 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Høyrup, J. (2007). The `Unknown Heritage´: Trace of a Forgotten Locus of Mathematical Sophistication. Roskilde Universitet. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 ROSKILDE UNIVERSITETSCENTER ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY Faggruppen for filosofi og Section for philosophy videnskabsteori and science studies The “Unknown Heritage” Trace of a forgotten locus of mathematical sophistication JENS HØYRUP FILOSOFI OG VIDENSKABSTEORI PÅ ROSKILDE UNIVERSITETSCENTER 3. Række: Preprints og reprints 2007 Nr. 1 Referee: Arne Thing Mortensen In memoriam Marshall Clagett and David Pingree Abstract The “unknown heritage” is the name usually given to a problem type in whose archetype a 1 father leaves to his first son 1 monetary unit and /n (n usually being 7 or 10) of what remains, to 1 the second 2 units and /n of what remains, etc. -
A Comparative Study of Kerala and European Schools of Mathematics 1K
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 116 No. 22 2017, 301-313 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu A Comparative Study of Kerala and European Schools of Mathematics 1K. Rejikumar and 2C.M. Indukala 1Deptment of Mathematics, N.S.S. College Pandalam, Kerala, India. [email protected] 2University of Kerala, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. [email protected] Abstract Kerala School of Mathematics is famous for its contributions to early developments in the field of mathematics. Notable contributions have been made by prominent figures in the field of astronomy and calculus. It has been argued that the knowledge explosion in the field of classical mathematics that took place in Europe during the period from 1500AD – 1800 AD was greatly influenced by the contributions of Kerala School. There existed many connections between the two cultures either directly or via Arabs. In this article we make an analysis of these connections and conduct a study based on social network and analyze the during the period 1300 AD -1499 AD. Key Words:Kerala school of mathematics, european school of mathematics, institutions of higher learning. 301 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 1. Introduction From the beginning itself, Kerala have been producing a number of scholars, who have made significant contributions in Mathematics and Astronomy. The social structure of Kerala played important role for the uninterrupted developments of Mathematics and Astronomy, which led to the formation of a very large number of treatises in these disciplines. -
Leben Und Werk Eines Tübinger Theologen (Ca
Arno Mentzel-Reuters »Notanda reliquit doctor Martinus Plantsch« Leben und Werk eines Tübinger Theologen (ca. 1460 - 1533) Vorbemerkung Im März 1994 konnte nach einer Bearbeitungszeit von weniger als neun Jahren die Katalogisierung der lateinischen Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen abgeschlossen werden. Hierbei trat eine große Fülle von bislang un bekannten Quellen und Zeugnissen zur Geschichte der Eberhard-Karls-Univer- sität ans Licht. Gerade für die ersten einhundertvierzig Jahre von der Gründung durch Eberhard im Barte 1477 bis zum Tode des Polyhistors Martin Crusius im Jahre 1607 wurde bedeutendes Material erschlossen, Der spektakulärste Fund dürfte die Wiederentdeckung des handschriftlichen Nachlasses von Martin Plantsch sein, der in der dramatischen Phase zwischen dem Tod Gabriel Biels 1495 und der 1534/35 erfolgten Reformation das geistige Leben von Univer sität und Stadt Tübingen entscheidend prägte und über die Gründung des Sti pendium Martinianum und die Stiftung seiner Bibliothek auch auf spätere Jahr hunderte Einfluß nahm'. 1 Grundlegende Literatur zu Plantsch: MARTIN Crusius: Annales Suevici. 3 Bde. und Liber paralcipomcnos. Frankfurt 1595-1596, hier: Liber Paralip., S. 22. JOHANN JA KOB MOSER: Vitae professorum TVibingensium ordinis theologici. Tübingen 1718, S. 47-59. H einrich Herm eunk: Die theologische Fakultät in Tübingen vor der Refor mation 1477-1534. Tübingen 1906, insbes. S, 197f. JOHANNES HALLER: Die Anfänge der Universität Tübingen : 1477-1537. 2 Bde. Stuttgart 1927-29, Bd. 1, S. 194f. und Bd, 2, S. 70*f. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Bd. 26, S. 241. HEIKO AUGUSTINUS O berman; Werden und Wertung der Reformation. Vom Wegestreit zum Glaubens kampf. Tübingen 1977 (Spätscholastik und Reformation 2), passim. - Ich möchte an dieser Stelle allen in Tübingen danken, die mir bei den aufwendigen Recherchen behilflich waren. -
Rare and Valuable Books on Statistics and Mathematics
Catalogue 3-2018 17 New Arrivals : Rare and Valuable Books on Statistics and Mathematics To access our website for more images, click on the author's name! Analytical mechanics: ........................................................................................................ 5 Arithmetics, Algebra: ....................................................................................... 4, 12, 14, 17 Geometry: ........................................................................................................... 11, 15, 16 Number and game theory: .......................................................................................... 2, 13 Computing: ........................................................................................................................ 8 General mathematics: ..................................................................................................... 10 Statistics: ............................................................................................................... 1, 3, 6, 7 Logarithms: ........................................................................................................................ 9 Milestones of Science Books phone +49 (0) 421 1754235 www.milestone-books.de . [email protected] Member of ILAB and VDA Catalogue 03-2018 Copyright © 2018 Milestones of Science Books. All rights reserved Page 2 of 18 One of the First Statistical Works of its Kind 1 DEPARCIEUX, Antoine. Essai sur les Probabilités de la Durée de la Vie Humaine; d’où l’on déduit la