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Gender Roles in Costa Rica: the Effect of the Presence of Males Or Females
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 288 160 CG 020 334 AUTHOR Kaschak, Ellyn; Sharratt, Sara TITLE Gender Roles in Costa Rica: The Effect of the Presence of Males or Females. PUB DATE Aug 85 NOTE 14p.; Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (93rd, Los Angeles, CA, August 23-27, 1985). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. LESCRIPTORS Androgyny; College Students; *Cultural Context; *Culture Fair Tests; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Latin American Culture; *Latin Americans; Sex Differences; *Sex Role; *Test Construction IDENTIFIERS *Costa Rica ABSTRACT Self-report instruments developed to assess adherence to gender roles are usually culture bound and applicable only in a particular cultural context. The Kaschak-Sharratt Sex-Role Inventory (KSSRI) was developed as a Spanish-language instrument appropriate for use in a Latin American culture. This study investigated situational demands or context and their effect upon gender roles by administering the KSSRI to 50 male and 50 female Costa Rican university students from three universities. Subjects completed the KSSRI three times, imagining themselves in a social situation with a male friend, a female friend, or one male and one female friend. While overall scores for females were consistently androgynous and achieved by high scores in both masculinity and femininity, females did score higher in femininity in the situation involving the presence of a male and in-between in situations with both sexes present, supporting the notion that for women, the presence of a male results not it lowered masculine behaviors, but in increased feminine behaviors. -
The Relationship of Gender and Perceived Sex Role Identity to the Leadership Style, Range, and Adaptability of Selected Graduate
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF James Keith Wall for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education presented on May 20, 1982 Title: The Relationship of Gender and Perceived Sex Role Identity to the Leadership Style, Range, and Adaptability of Selected Graduate Students Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Dr. Charles Stamps This study examined the relationship and strength of association of the two independent variables of gender (male, female) and per- ceived sex role identity (masculine, androgynous, feminine, and undifferentiated) on the leadership style, leadership range (number of back-up styles), and leadership adaptability (effectiveness) of non- foreign graduate students at a Land Grant Institution. A sex role scale (The Personal Attribute Questionnaire) and a leadership scale (The Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Descrip- tion) were administered to a randomly selected sample of 700 (350 males, 350 females) graduate students. Usable responses were obtained from 65 percent (455) of the subjects. Chi-square, Cramer's V, and lambda analyses were performed on the categorical data. A significant relationship (.05 level) and low strength of association was found between males and females and their selection of a primary leadership style and their leadership range or the number of support styles. Males tended to select an instrumental (task oriented) and females an expressive (relationship oriented) primary style and males in this study tended to utilizea broader range of back-up or support styles. No significant difference or strength of relationship was found between gender and effective- ness. In terms of perceived sex role identity alone, no significant difference or strength of relationship was found in leadership style, range, or effectiveness. -
Gender, Racial, Ethnic, Sexual, and Class Identities
FRABIDENTAnnu. Rev.LEITIES Psychol. 1997. 48:139–62 Copyright © 1997 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved GENDER, RACIAL, ETHNIC, SEXUAL, AND CLASS IDENTITIES Deborrah E. S. Frable Women’s Studies Program, University of Michigan, 234 West Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 KEY WORDS: gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, class, multiple social identities ABSTRACT Identity is the individual’s psychological relationship to particular social cate- gory systems. This chapter summarizes how people create and negotiate their gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities. Theories, methods, and priorities in each of these content areas differ. However, each systematically excludes particular research participants and thus ignores the complexity of people’s multiple social identities. Research suggests that gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities are fluid, multidimensional, personalized social constructions that reflect the individual’s current context and sociohistorical cohort. However, far too little empirical work captures the richly textured, theoretical conceptions of identity development, maintenance, and change. Innovative methods for assessing the content and structure of people’s identities now exist. Future research should include groups other than young children or college students; should explore functions of identity other than just self-esteem, adjustment, or well-being; and should implement methodologies that are longi- tudinal and that assess people’s many social identities. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1997.48:139-162. -
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) for a Swedish Research Context (BSRI-SE)
Exploring the meaning of gender: Evaluating and revising the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) for a Swedish research context (BSRI-SE) Roland S. Persson INSIKT 1999:1 Vetenskapliga rapporter från HLK Abstract This research evaluates the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) for use in a Swedish setting, and in the process of so doing also compares the distribution of American and Swedish gender roles as elicited by the inventory. A sample of 118 individuals (48 males and 70 females) was used in order to arrive at norms better suited to a Swedish context than those provided by Bem (1974). Reliability and factor analyses were performed and a revised version of the inventory, with acceptable psychometric properties for the Swedish sample, was arrived at and termed BSRI-SE. Comparisons between the original American and the Swedish sample show that differences in the way that femininity, masculinity, androgyny and undifferentiated gender are distributed are not statistically significant. Raw score data for the BSRI-SE, as well as the scoring sheet, are provided for continued standardisation of the inventory. Methods for classification and further research are discussed. ____________________________________________________________ Field of study: Social psychology Keywords: Gender, Androgyny, Masculinity, Femininity, Psychological Measurement, Cross-cultural comparisons, Identity, Differentiation, Personality. 2 Index Introduction, 4 The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), 8 The BSRI in a Swedish context, 17 The nature of the Swedish sample, 17 Reliability of the inventory scales, 20 Procedure for classification and standardisation, 27 The median split method, 28 The M-F Difference score, 29 Are Swedes masculine, feminine or androgynous? 32 Sex-typing in the sample subgroups, 35 Concluding remarks, 36 References, 40 Appendices I Test sheet for the BSRI-SE II Raw scores of the Swedish sample 3 Introduction Few issues in recent years have been subject to so much debate, research, exploitation and politics as have gender roles, their meaning and social impact. -
35 IS 35 Newsletter Article 061509
35 IS 35! The Past, Present, and Future of Feminist Psychology Overview Martha E. Banks This is a year of celebration as Division 35, The Society for the Psychology of Women (SPW), turns 35 years old. As we look back, around, and forward, we realize that we represent the evolution of feminist psychology and that, in true feminist style, we have collaborated with other groups and grown internally as we have become increasingly diverse and inclusive. Before Division 35 existed, feminist psychology was addressed by the Association for Women in Psychology and APA’s Committee on Women in Psychology. As SPW developed, there was recognition of the differences as well as the commonalities among women; over the years, there have been 5 sections formed to ensure inclusiveness of multiple perspectives. The sections included I: Section on the Psychology of Black Women, II: Section on Feminist Professional Training and Practice (currently the Committee for Feminist Professional Training and Practice), III: Section on Concerns of Hispanic Women, IV: Section for Lesbian and Bisexual Women’s Issues, and V: Section on Concerns of Asian Pacific American Women. In addition, SPW has a Native American Women Committee, which is working toward becoming a section. Throughout most of the existence of Division 35, feminist psychology has been exemplified through the Psychology of Women Quarterly. SPW has been instrumental in many initiatives during our 35 years as reflected in our numerous awards, inclusion of students and early career psychologists, mentoring programs, newsletter, website, and much more. A few of the initiatives described below include the Feminist Therapy Institute, the International and Global Issues Perspectives Committee, collaboration in the formation of APA Division 51: Men and Masculinity, development of Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Girls and Women, and the current presidential initiative on inclusion of Women with Disabilities as a focus of feminist psychology. -
Masculine Defaults: Identifying and Mitigating Hidden Cultural Biases
Psychological Review © 2020 American Psychological Association 2020, Vol. 127, No. 6, 1022–1052 ISSN: 0033-295X http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209 Masculine Defaults: Identifying and Mitigating Hidden Cultural Biases Sapna Cheryan Hazel Rose Markus University of Washington Stanford University Understanding and remedying women’s underrepresentation in majority-male fields and occupations require the recognition of a lesser-known form of cultural bias called masculine defaults. Masculine defaults exist when aspects of a culture value, reward, or regard as standard, normal, neutral, or necessary characteristics or behaviors associated with the male gender role. Although feminist theorists have previously described and analyzed masculine defaults (e.g., Bem, 1984; de Beauvoir, 1953; Gilligan, 1982; Warren, 1977), here we define masculine defaults in more detail, distinguish them from more well-researched forms of bias, and describe how they contribute to women’s underrepresentation. We additionally discuss how to counteract masculine defaults and possible challenges to addressing them. Efforts to increase women’s participation in majority-male departments and companies would benefit from identifying and counteracting masculine defaults on multiple levels of organizational culture (i.e., ideas, institutional policies, interactions, individuals). Keywords: masculine, default, bias, culture, gender Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209.supp While organizations were being defined as sex-neutral machines, kova, Spell, Perry, & Jehn, 2016). They have anonymized resumes to masculine principles were dominating their authority structures. make hiring managers blind to gender (Joseph, 2016) and incorpo- —Rosabeth Moss Kanter (1975,p.46) rated clear criteria into their promotions processes (Stamarski & Son Men in power . have used their position of public power to create Hing, 2015). -
Prayer As Interpersonal Coping in the Lives of Mothers with HIV E
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Communication & Theatre Arts Faculty Communication & Theatre Arts Publications 2003 Prayer as Interpersonal Coping in the Lives of Mothers with HIV E. James Baesler Old Dominion University, [email protected] Valerian J. Derlega Old Dominion University, [email protected] Barbara A. Winstead Old Dominion University, [email protected] Anita Barbee Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/communication_fac_pubs Part of the Communication Commons, and the Religion Commons Repository Citation Baesler, E. James; Derlega, Valerian J.; Winstead, Barbara A.; and Barbee, Anita, "Prayer as Interpersonal Coping in the Lives of Mothers with HIV" (2003). Communication & Theatre Arts Faculty Publications. 12. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/communication_fac_pubs/12 Original Publication Citation Baesler, E. J., Derlega, V. J., Winstead, B. A., & Barbee, A. (2003). Prayer as interpersonal coping in the lives of mothers with HIV. In M. E. Banks & E. Kaschak (Eds.), Women with visible and invisible disabilities multiple intersections, multiple issues, multiple therapies (pp. 283-295). New York: Haworth Press. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Communication & Theatre Arts at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication & Theatre Arts Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY, HISTORY, AND WOMEN’S WAYS OF KNOWING INTO THERAPY Prayer as Interpersonal Coping in the Lives of Mothers with HIV E. James Baesler Valerian J. Derlega Barbara A. Winstead Anita Barbee E. James Baesler (PhD, University of Arizona) is Associate Professor of Communi- cation in the Department of Communication and Theatre Arts, Old Dominion Univer- sity. -
Use of Gender Aschematicity in the Reassessment of Gender Concepts
Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 6-1-2013 Use of Gender Aschematicity in the Reassessment of Gender Concepts Ashley A. Ward Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ward, Ashley A., "Use of Gender Aschematicity in the Reassessment of Gender Concepts" (2013). University Honors Theses. Paper 34. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.36 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Running head: GENDER ASCHEMATICITY AND ASSESSING GENDER CONCEPTS 1 Use of Gender Aschematicity in the Reassessment of Gender Concepts by Ashley A. Ward An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in University Honors and Psychology Thesis Adviser Linda Gallahan Portland State University 2013 GENDER ASCHEMATICITY AND ASSESSING GENDER CONCEPTS 2 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to reevaluate the binary constructs of sex and gender; and the biological and social influence these constructs have on males, females, and non-normative individuals. Throughout this examination, biological, specifically chromosomal and anatomical, differences between sexes will help foster a definition of sex. Psychological theories will then be examined, calculating the psychological and social factors surrounding gender. A reevaluation of gender constructs will shed light on previously held misconceptions about gender and help lay groundwork for non-normative gender acceptance in the future. -
Feminist Periodicals
The Un versity o f W scons n System Feminist Periodicals A current listing of contents WOMEN'S STUDIES Volume 21, Number 3, Fall 2001 Published by Phyllis HolmanWeisbard LIBRARIAN Women's Studies Librarian Feminist Periodicals A current listing ofcontents Volume 21, Number 3 Fall 2001 Periodical literature is the cutting edge ofwomen's scholarship, feminist theory, and much ofwomen's culture. Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing of Contents is published by the Office of the U(liversity of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian on a quarterly basis with the intent of increasing public awareness of feminist periodicals. It is our hope that Feminist Periodicals will serve several purposes: to keep the reader abreast of current topics in feminist literature; to increase readers' familiarity with a wide spectrum offeminist periodicals; and to provide the requisite bibliographic information should a reader wish to subscribe to ajournal or to obtain a particular article at her library or through interlibrary loan. (Users will need to be aware of the limitations of the new copyright law with regard to photocopying of copyrighted materials.) Table ofcontents pages from currentissues ofmajor feministjournals are reproduced in each issue of Feminist Periodicals, preceded by a comprehensive annotated listing of all journals we have selected. As publication schedules vary enormously, not every periodical will have table of contents pages reproduced in each issue of FP. The annotated listing provides the following information on each journal: 1. Year of first pUblication. 2. Frequency of publication. 3. U.S. subscription price(s). 4. Subscription address. 5. Current editor. 6. Editorial address (if different from SUbscription address). -
Discovering the Gender Lens
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by IUScholarWorks DISCOVERING THE GENDER LENS: THE INFLUENCE OF AN INTRODUCTORY GENDER STUDIES COURSE ON PERSONAL CHANGE Linda Hoke–Sinex Submitted to the faculty of the faculty of the University Graduate School In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Educational Psychology Indiana University January 2006 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. __________________________________________ Anne Dopkins Stright, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Judith Allen, Ph.D. Doctoral Committee __________________________________________ Ellen Brantlinger, Ph.D. December 15, 2005 __________________________________________ Susan Eklund, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Myrtle Scott, Ph.D. ii © 2006 Linda Hoke-Sinex ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgements This milestone could not have been achieved without the support of many people. I would like to thank my director/chair, Anne Stright, for her time and effort in the relentless pursuit of project completion. I am also thankful for her guidance in my preparation for an academic career (from practicing job talks to attending conferences). All of my committee members are exceptional models of feminine achievement and I am grateful to them for many reasons. My sincere thanks goes to Judith Allen, who believed in my commitment to the study of gender and gave me the once in a lifetime opportunity to pursue my dreams of making a difference in the lives of my gender studies students. I am grateful to Ellen Brantlinger for her kind encouragement and support in my many times of need. -
Psychological Review
Psychological Review Masculine Defaults: Identifying and Mitigating Hidden Cultural Biases Sapna Cheryan and Hazel Rose Markus Online First Publication, August 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209 CITATION Cheryan, S., & Markus, H. R. (2020, August 17). Masculine Defaults: Identifying and Mitigating Hidden Cultural Biases. Psychological Review. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209 Psychological Review © 2020 American Psychological Association 2020, Vol. 2, No. 999, 000 ISSN: 0033-295X http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209 Masculine Defaults: Identifying and Mitigating Hidden Cultural Biases Sapna Cheryan Hazel Rose Markus University of Washington Stanford University Understanding and remedying women’s underrepresentation in majority-male fields and occupations require the recognition of a lesser-known form of cultural bias called masculine defaults. Masculine defaults exist when aspects of a culture value, reward, or regard as standard, normal, neutral, or necessary characteristics or behaviors associated with the male gender role. Although feminist theorists have previously described and analyzed masculine defaults (e.g., Bem, 1984; de Beauvoir, 1953; Gilligan, 1982; Warren, 1977), here we define masculine defaults in more detail, distinguish them from more well-researched forms of bias, and describe how they contribute to women’s underrepresentation. We additionally discuss how to counteract masculine defaults and possible challenges to addressing them. Efforts to increase women’s participation in majority-male departments and companies would benefit from identifying and counteracting masculine defaults on multiple levels of organizational culture (i.e., ideas, institutional policies, interactions, individuals). Keywords: masculine, default, bias, culture, gender Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000209.supp While organizations were being defined as sex-neutral machines, kova, Spell, Perry, & Jehn, 2016). -
Journals in Social Work and Related Disciplines Manuscript Submission Information with Impact Factors, Five-Year Impact Factors, H-Index and G-Index
Journals in Social Work and Related Disciplines Manuscript Submission Information With Impact Factors, Five-Year Impact Factors, h-index and g-index Compiled by Patrick Leung, PhD Monit Cheung, PhD, LCSW Gerson & Sabina David Endowed Professor for Global Aging Mary R. Lewis Endowed Professor in Children and Youth Director, Office for International Social Work Education & Principal Investigator, Child Welfare Education Project [email protected] Director, Child & Family Center for Innovative Research [email protected] Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA First Published: September 1, 2004 Latest Edition: August 27, 2019 Red* (journal title followed by an asterisk) indicates that this journal is listed in the 2018 InCitiesTM Journal Citation Reports® (Published by Clarivate Analtics) within the category of “Social Work.” Based on JCR Social Science Edition, the Five-Year Impact Factor, current and past annual Impact Factors are also listed under each of these journals. Blue represents the Five-Year Impact Factor of the journal. The Five-Year Impact Factor is calculated by the following formula: [Citations in current year to articles/items published in the last five years] divided by [Total number of articles/items published in the last five years] Orange represents the h-index (Hirsch index) 1 and g-index of the journal 2. For journal ranking use, the h-index is defined as the h number of articles in the journal received at least h citations in the coverage years 3; the g-index is defined as the highest number g of papers that together received g2 or more citations 4.