Appendix 9A (vi)

Initial Environmental Examination (DRAFT)

April 2015

IND: Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program: Tranche 2 Pattamundai Subproject (Tranche-2 Preparation)

IEE & Public Consultation Report (compliant with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009)

Prepared by Department of Water Resources (DoWR), Project Management Unit (PMU) for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Department of Water Resources (DoWR) Project Management Unit (PMU)

Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Programme (OIIAWMIP) ( ADB Loan No. 2444 and OFID Loan No. 1251-P)

Pattamundai Subproject (Tranche-2 Preparation)

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) & Public Consultation Report (compliant with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009)

August 2014

assisted by Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Consultants (ISPMC)

Hydrosult, Division of SNC- Lavalin Inc. in association with Sutra Consulting Pvt. Ltd., SBH Consultants Pvt. Ltd and N.K. Buildcon Pvt. Ltd

i IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI PREFACE

This “IEE & Public Consultation Report” for the proposed Pattamundai Subproject is intended to comply with the prerequisites for Preparation of Tranche-2 subproject of the OIIAWIMP.

This document, initially drafted during OIIAWIMP (Project 1, Tranche-1) preparations, is updated and revised to comply with ADB Guidelines related to the Safeguard Policy Statement 2009; and to incorporate the suggestions and reflect on comments made by ADB in the mail dated 21st January 2012 and in the Aide Memoire of February 2012, as well as respond to detailed specific IEE requirements in ADB correspondence on 20th February 2012 and subsequently general comments given during July 2014 for other IEEs.

A tabular guidance on the responses and compliance with the above mentioned ADB comments/requirements is presented on the following pages.

This Report supersedes the Report on IEE & Public Consultation prepared for the proposed Subproject under ADB TA - 4814-INDIA during May 2008 by STUP Consultants.

August 2014 ISPMC

(‘’Compliance to ADB Comments Dated 21st January 2012’’’ & July 2014 table to follow this page)

ii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Compliance to ADB comments on Pattamundai IEE Report (21 January 2012 & July 2014, Similar comments made in other IEEs)

The entire report was modified as per ADB SPS 2009 format, the necessary changes to the chapter name has been changed wherever relevant. The compliance is as follows in response to ADB communication through email dated 21st January 2012, ADB environment expert field visit during ADB mission visit and Aide memoire comments and subsequent comments made during July 2014 for other IEEs.

On Content:

Reference ADB's comments EA's response

Comments Dated July 2014 (similar to other IEEs ) The EARF had changed to Odisha – if Executive summary incorporated that is the case you may want to be with abbreviations where ever consistent across all documents necessary and also a list of Please elaborate on the acronym abbreviations provided after contents Not implementing agency. Suggest you Chapter I -Introduction state the work will be sourced to private incorporated with last three line in contractors. the project will be Para 3, pg. 1 implemented Para on ADB safeguard statement - Chapter –II. Para 11 content delete deleted pg. 5 Please elaborate on the acronym OSG revised to Government of Odisha in Para 20 line 2. Pg. 6 In general baseline data is very old? No Chapter IV – Updated with latest recent ones to add – because 2006 data information para 116,118, is of no use for a 2014 project. If not for 179,188,189,190;Table all atleast for those that are extremely 7,11,12,13,16,17,20,23,25,26,27,2 relevant to the project such as water 8,29,31,32,33,34; Figure 4,5 and 6 quality etc and Pg. 24 to 49 We would also need to disclose the key Chapter VI Para 251 shifted from findings of the IEE at least a one or two 65 to 70 page document in the SIO Office Add Environmental officer also Chapter VII: Para 252 incorporated with Environmental officer and Para 254 last three lines added Chapter VIII: minor revisions incorporated in para 261, 262,263,264,270,282,2ABLE 40 Sl.No 2 & 4; Table 42 sl.no 5 , 13, 15, 21; Table 45 Sl.no 1 cross reference to budget made and Table 46 and 48 revised

Comments Dated 21st January 2012 Chapter 2 This chapter describes the drainage Incorporated, Please refer the structures in the project area, but does revised document Chapter – III not clearly describe what the proposed Project Description from pg 14 to project is. Only table 4, provides 23. Reference ADB's comments EA's response

structures to be renovated. Apart from this what are the activities to be completed under the project? Details on what constitutes the sub- projects, what type of activities it will entail, clearing, dredging, strengthening embankments, rehabilitation of regulators, etc., , types of resources required (for example earth, gravel requirements) and where resources will be accessed from should be clearly described. The information presented at present, does not give the reviewer a clear idea of what will be accomplished under the project, specific locations, associated facilities required etc,

Para 83 Refers to proposed road projects- are Corrected from road to subproject there going to be any roads constructed refer Para 17 Pg 6 of Chapter – II. under this project? Para 86 This is the same para, as that is Incorporated, Please refer Para -21 provided in para 11 of the EARF. The Pg. 6 of Chapter – II. para states that most of the sub-projects falling under OIIAWMP will be……..and International Environmental will not require EC as per notification. agreements incorporated refer Please clarify if the sub-projects under Section 18, Para 44, Page 11 of Pattmundai meet this requirement. This Chapter – II. is why the preceding chapter is important, to inform the reader on what types of activities are being considered in this sub-project. Since the sub- projects are known at this stage, this chapter should clearly describe which of the listed legislation is relevant to this project or not. Any international environmental agreements which are related to this sector, that the country is party to?

Para 150 Are there water quality standards for Suggestion Incorporated, Irrigation irrigation water? Also in the preceding Water quality falls under Class “ E” paragraphs, where mention is made on of Central Pollution Control Board Class C water- please provide what (CPCB) Standards presented in uses Class C water is recommended for Table 15; Pg 37 of Chapter - IV (as per the classification system)

Table 33 This table can be improved by including Suggestion incorporated please and Paras a column stating activity/phase. Also, it refer revised and improved EMP 196 appears rather generic at present, given Tables 39 to 45 of Chapter – VIII. onwards that locations of sub projects and Pg 77 to 100. activities would most probably be known Reference ADB's comments EA's response

by now, please make it more project specific. Have potential borrow areas being identified? Where the canal dredging would be disposed of? If so these should be listed- In fact an improved version of this table could be used as part of the EMP, but including a column as to who would be responsible for mitigation, location, duration (short, medium or long term) of impact, and costs. It is difficult to comment on the actual content as the chapter on project description has not clearly described what the project investments will include. For example, item 15 notes that use of access roads may cause deterioration of quality and among the mitigatory measures proposed it staes, that all access roads are in very poor shape, therefore engineering design that should be takein into consideration for smooth implementation”…recommendation is unclear, are we suggesting that the access roads be also rehabilitated under the project, or the contractor/implementing agency should identify suitable roads that can be used for transportation of construction vehicles. Please be more specific. Paras 196- should be discussed before table 33.

Para 196 Refers to “insignificant resettlement” – Incorporated cross reference to please indicate the numbers and identify encroachment as per RP plan was what is the impact (i.e. loss of land, loss made refer Para 201, 202, pages of home, loss of livelihood etc, ) and 52 & 53. Table 39 Pg. 77 of cross refer to the Resettlement Planning Chapter VIII documents.

Table 33 Item 3 and later item 6 under operations- This may be under taken by the recommends that community will be guidance of PPSU with the encouraged to prepare compost with the available funds under Livelihood water hyacinth weeds, and there is support and in consultation with the mention regarding the use of bio agriculture department on a pilot fertilizer, vermi compost etc, are these basis. Refer Para 233 page 63 being supported under the project (such No sensitive receptor are adjacent as pilot demonstrations) or if not who will to the canal system, hence no support this? change in revised Para 223 page 60 Item 3 under construction- air quality issues- please identify if there are any Reference ADB's comments EA's response

sensitive receivers such as schools etc, In the downstream no fisheries adjacent to any site where major earth activity were noticed and mostly works are planned land use is agriculture / crop lands

Item 6- what are the downstream activities? What is the downstream aquatic environment, how will this be maintained? Are there many users, and does the community depend on the downstream for fisheries?

Para 197 Makes reference of planning and Incorporated, Modified refer scoping to legalize encroachers. Is this revised section Para 201 & 203 – feasible? Has this been discussed with Pg. 52 & 53 of Chapter V. the relevant authorities?

Para 203 States that silt may be reused for canal Incorporated refer Section M, Para slope work. If the material is unsuitable 99 & 100 Pg. 21 of Chapter III and for this, what will be done with excess Table 43 sl.no 4, page 85 andTable material excavated from canal bed? 44,Sl.no 3 Pg 94 of Chapter VIII. Have suitable disposal/reuse options/sites being discussed/identified?

Para 214 Should also identify downstream users Incorporated discussed in para 99 and potential impacts. With respect to & 100; Page 21 Section M of labor camps, please include guidelines Chapter III, Pg. 58 of Chapter – V on where camps can be located, and and Table 41, sl.no:1 of pg 82 of basic amenities required (such as water Chapter VIII. requirements, waste disposal and appropriate ventilations). Where will the excess construction material be disposed of? Any use/ locations Incorporated discussed in Para identified? 218, 219, 220 Pg. 59 of Chapter V and Table 42 Sl. No 11 Pg. 88 of What about issues of transport of Chapter VIII. material to site- does the existing road network have the capacity to carry the expected loads? If not what are the alternates being proposed?

Para 215 Apart from clearing, what measures are Regular clearing and weed removal proposed to minimize the regrowth (i.e. is part of maintenance activities of minimize pollutants entering the the DoWR. These will be taken system). Improved agricultural practices care by the drainage division. as suggested in a subsequent paragraph is one measure, are there any other ongoing project/ or plans to improve sanitation in the area? If so please mention these as well. This section should also describe Incorporated, the community health impacts on community health and safety and safety aspects related to Reference ADB's comments EA's response

and occupational health and safety and construction presented in section describe mitigatory measures. IV, subsection 9 & 10, Para 229, 230,231, 232, Pg 62 and 63 for operation phase in Pg 63 of Chapter V. EMP - Pg Section on haul road management- Incorporated refer Table 42, Sl.no 62 please include the need to adhere to 10, mitigation measure, Pg. 88 of appropriate speed limits when Chapter VIII. transporting material in the construction area

With respect to the monitoring expected Incorporated, kindly refer to by the contractor during construction this Chapter VIII, Section H, Para appears to be a bit excessive as several 279,280,281 Table 46 Pages 101 & parameters monitored (such as 102 pesticides) etc., are not going to be affected due to construction activities, but is more appropriate to be monitored during operations, but who and where will the funds for this monitoring be assured from. Issues on increased pesticide usage results during operations. Ideally at the end of construction these parameters should be monitored to obtain a baseline and then during operations annual monitoring would give an indication on how the improved works have impacted on these parameters. Happy to discuss the basis for these during the mission.

Table 36 also makes reference to the Incorporated refer revised Table newly drilled tube wells under the 40, Sl. No 4 Pg 81 of Chapter VIII. project, if this is the case please include in chapter on project activities, and then also discuss impacts of drilling tube wells under the section on impacts.

Para 234 We would require confirmation that this The present arrangement is as per will be adhered to. (staffing within the the current staffing structure of PMU) PMU refer Section B and D para 258 to 275. Public States one of the issues is lack of Incorporated refer Chapter VI Pg Consultation awareness of project- what are the 65 to 70. and proposed plans for information Information disclosure? Disclosure – Table 39 Key issues described here are those No issues had emerged related to the standard questions being posed to the community. Upon describing the project, were there any Reference ADB's comments EA's response

concerns/issues raised by the community (that were not covered in the standard list of questions) and if yes, please describe it

- Item 17, notes the request for Incorporated refer Table 38, Item potable water supply and under number 18, Pg. 69 of Chapter VI. column of action taken it states that it will be addressed in the feasibility report – to my understanding water supply will not be covered under this project- please clarify. - This chapter should also Incorporated kindly referrer Para describe how information in the 249,250 and 251 of Chapter VI, Pg. IEE will be made available in a 69 to 70. form understandable to the stakeholders, and proposed mechanisms for continued engagement/consultations with stakeholders due - Para 248 is unclear- it states that procedures for public Incorporated kindly refer revised consultation and disclosure are Para 248, 249, 250, 251of Pg. 69 incorporated in sub-project & 70 of Chapter VI. implementation guidelines - Were downstream users- who may not necessarily be project beneficiaries also consulted in the process? -

CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 14 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 24 V. ANITICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 51 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 65 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS 71 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 72 IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 109 X. CONCLUSION 110

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ANNEXURE PHOTO PLATES

iii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

List of Tables

Table 1: List of National Parks and Sanctuaries in OIIAWMP Area ...... 9 Table 2: Salient Features of Mahanadi Barrage ...... 16 Table 3: Pattamundai Canal Scheme ...... 16 Table 4: Showing Canal Categorization ...... 17 Table 5: Main Canal Structures ...... 18 Table 6: List of Structures to be Repaired and New Construction ...... 19 Table 7: : Rainfall Data, Pattamundai 2004-2013 ( Rainfall in mm) ...... 24 Table 8: Mean Monthly Temperatures and Relative Humidity, Cuttack ...... 25 Table 9: Land Distribution by Elevation ...... 26 Table 10: Soil Reaction and Nutrient Availability in Subproject Area ...... 27 Table 11: Land Use Pattern in Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada Districts ...... 27 Table 12 : Block wise land use Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada District (Area in ha) ...... 29 Table 13: List of Past flood and area damaged by Flood in Mahanadi basin ...... 31 Table 14: Drainage Area of Mahanadi River by State ...... 34 Table 15: Indian Standard for the Surface Water (CPCB Standard) ...... 37 Table 16: River Water Quality U/S and D/S of Cuttack ...... 37 Table 17: Biomonitoring of River Mahanadi ...... 38 Table 18: : Water Quality of Pattamundai canal – Location Jagatpur Block ...... 38 Table 19 : Ground water utilization in Blocks covering Pattamundai, March 2004...... 40 Table 20: Ground Water Characteristics of different locations near Cuttack ...... 41 Table 21: Common fresh water fishes of Mahanadi basin ...... 42 Table 22:Fauna of the study area and IUCN status...... 43 Table 23: : Forest cover in Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapara District ...... 43 Table 24: Fauna of the Bhitarkanika Sanctuary ...... 44 Table 25: Small Scale Industries in Cuttack District ...... 44 Table 26: Small Scale, Cottage and Handloom Industries in Jajpur District ...... 45 Table 27: : Small Scale, Cottage and Handloom Industries in Kendrapara District ...... 45 Table 28:Length of Different Categories of Roads in Jajpur District ...... 46 Table 29:Length of Different Categories of Roads in Kendrapara District ...... 46 Table 30:Current and Proposed Cropping Pattern (with full project development) ...... 47 Table 31: Working mines, area and production at Jajpur district...... 48 Table 32 : Demographic Pattern of Cuttack District ...... 48 Table 33 : Demographic Pattern of Jajpur District ...... 49 Table 34: Demographic Pattern of Kendrapara District ...... 49 Table 35: Population details of the blocks covered under the project ...... 49 Table 36: List of Structures to be Repaired and New Construction ...... 52 Table 37: Showing the Approximate quantities of Material required for the sub-project ...... 55 Table 38: Issues of the Public Consultation ...... 67 Table 39:Environmental Parameters Checklist for Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project - Pre Construction Activity (Impacts due to Location)-Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 77 Table 40: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project - Pre Construction Activity (Impacts During Design and Survey) - Environmental Mitigation Plan ..... 80 Table 41:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Main canal, Distributaries and Minors executed by Contractors) - Pre Construction Activity (Construction Contractor) - Environmental Mitigation Plan...... 82 Table 42: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Main canal, Distributaries and Minors executed by Contractors) - Construction Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 85 Table 43:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Sub Minors executed by WUAS) – Pre construction Activity - Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 93 Table 44:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Sub Minors executed by WUAS) –Construction Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 94 Table 45: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project – Operation and Maintenance Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan ...... 98 Table 46: Showing the Suggested Environmental Monitoring ...... 102 Table 47: Showing the Performance Indicators ...... 104 Table 48 : Showing Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 106 Table 49: Proposed Training Module for Capacity building of SIO and WUAs ...... 107 Table 50: Showing the training budget ...... 108

iv IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

List of Figures

Figure 1: Sub project location ...... 3 Figure 2: A typical design cross section of the main canal at RD 36.8 km ...... 17 Figure 3: Monthly Rainfall & Evaporation ...... 26 Figure 4: Land Use Pattern in Cuttack District ...... 28 Figure 5: Land Use Pattern in Jajpur District ...... 28 Figure 6: Land Use Pattern in Kendrapada District ...... 29 Figure 7 :Earth Quake Zones of Odisha ...... 30 Figure 8 : Annual Flows at Naraj (000 HaM), 1969-2006 ...... 35 Figure 9: Water Balance Upstream of Mahanadi Barrage ...... 36 Figure 10 : Depth to Water Table in Cuttack Block, 1999-2006 ...... 40 Figure 11: Organization structure of the DoWR for the OIIAWMIP Project...... 72

v IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

List of Annexure

ANNEXURE 1: Index Map Showing Pattamundai Sub-Project ayacut area and Location. ANNEXURE 2: List of Odisha State Pollution Control Board approved Crushers ANNEXURE 3: Schematic line diagram showing distribution system of Pattamundia Sub-Project ANNEXURE 4: Map for Pattamundai Canal System showing quarry locations. ANNEXURE 5: Villagers present during public consultation- Pattamundai subproject ANNEXURE 6: Findings of Focus Group Discussion ANNEXURE 7: List of Participants for public consultation – December 2011 ANNEXURE 8 Latest Public Consultation- December 2011 ANNEXURE 9 Key persons met and Data Sources ANNEXURE 10: Environmental Monitoring – Check list - Contractors ANNEXURE 10a: Environmental Monitoring – Check list - WUAs ANNEXURE 11: Parameters for Ground water Analysis as per IS : 10500 : 1991 ANNEXURE 11a: Parameters for Surface water Analysis as per IS : 2296:1992 ANNEXURE 11b: Parameters for Soil /Silt Analysis

vi IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

List of Abbreviations $ US. Dollar % Percentage ADB Asian Development Bank C Centigrade CAD Command Area Development CCA Cultural Command Area CFO Consent for Operation CFE Consent for Establishment CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CTA Component Technical Assistance Cu.mecs Cubic meters D.S.L Dead Storage Level DFO Divisional Forest Officer DG Diesel Generator DOWR Department of Water Resources DPR Detailed Project Report Dy.SIO Deputy Sub project Implementation Officer E East EARF Environmental Assessment & Review Framework EC Environmental Clearance EHS Environment, Health and Safety EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERM Extension, Renovation and Modernization FB Foot Bridge FGD Focus Group Discussion F.R.L Full Reservoir Level Ft Feet GoI Government of India ha Hectares Ham Hectare Meter HMP Hot Mix plant HR Head Regulator IEE Initial Environmental Examination IND India IS Indian Standard ISPM Institutional Strengthening and Project Management IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management KM/ km/ Km Kilo meters KVA Kilo - Volt - ampere l Litres LA Land Acquisition LAA Land Acquisition Act M Meters M3 / cu.m Cubic Metre MFF Multi-tranche Financing Facility MFI Multilateral Financing Institutions Mg Milli grams mm Millimetres MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests N North NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratory NBSS National Bureau of Soil Survey NBSS&LUP National Bureau of Soil Survey and Landuse Planning NGO Non Governmental Organisation

vii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI NIC National Informatics Centre NRRP National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy NWP National Water Policy O&M Operation and Maintenance OIIAWMIP Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program OM Operation Manaul O&M Operation and Maintenance OP Operational Policies OSPCB Odisha State Pollution Control Board PA Protected Areas PF Protected Forest PIM Participatory Irrigation Management PMU Project Management Unit PP Pani Panchayat PPE / PPG Personnel Protective Equipments / Personnel Protective Gears PPME Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation PPTA Project Planning and Technical Assistance PRR Powered Road Roller PUC Pollution under Control Certificate RD Reduced Distance REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RF Reserved Forest RoW Right of Way RPM Respirable Particulate Matter R & R Resettlement & Rehabilitation SC Schedule Caste Sec Seconds SIO’s Sub- Project Implementation Officers SOI Survey of India SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPS Safeguard Policy Statement ST Schedule Tribes SRC Special Relief Commisioner WMM Wet Mix Macadam WUAs Water Users Association

viii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND i. The “Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program” (OIIAWMIP) is an initiative by the Department of Water Resources (DoWR) of the Government of Odisha (GoO). It is intended to undertake the improvement of irrigation service delivery with Pani Panchayat (PP) empowerment and to enhance the productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture, thereby contributing to rural poverty reduction by increasing rural economic growth in the four northern river basins (Brahmani, Baitarani, Burhabalanga, and Subrenerekha river basins) and a part of Mahanadi Delta areas. The Government of Odisha had obtained a multi-tranche financing facility(MFF) loan from the Asian Development Bank(ADB), titled MFF N0. 0022 and Loan No. 2444 IND(India). The loan includes funds for upgrading or undertaking extension, renovation and modernization (ERM) work in 6 major, 9 medium and 4 creek irrigation projects. ii. The “Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program” (OIIAWMIP) is classified as Category B according to the Environment Policy (2002) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Initial environmental examinations (IEEs) were undertaken for two major and three medium irrigation schemes, and two sample community-based minor lift irrigation schemes during the Project Planning and Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage; IEEs for four major and 2 medium were prepared during the Component Technical Assistance(CTA) stage. An environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) was also prepared during the PPTA stage, to guide the environmental assessment of further subprojects. Pattamundai is one of the subprojects included in the CTA for preparation of IEEs. The present report deals with the Initial Environmental Examination Report for the Pattamundai subproject, as per the new ADB Safeguard Statement, June, 2009. 2. EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY iii. The IEE is normally part of the Appraisal Report. However, for the Pattamundai sub- project, an IEE was prepared during CTA period. This report has been prepared on the basis of site visits and the completion of ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and updated to meet the requirements of ADBs SPS 2009. 3. METHODOLOGY iv. The general methodology adopted to accomplish the Initial Environmental Examination includes: • Review of legal and statutory requirements; • Review of feasibility study; • Preliminary reconnaissance to identity environmentally sensitive issues relating to the subproject and base line conditions; • Collection of Primary and secondary data; • Stakeholders Consultations; • Identify and assess the potential impacts of the subproject on the base line conditions and recommend mitigation measures to offset the identified adverse impacts; • Formulate Environmental Management Plan including review of Institutional set up and • Capacity Building. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT v. The Pattamundai major irrigation sub-project is one of the sub-projects that have been proposed under the OIIAWMIP The Pattamundai irrigation Subproject is in the flat, low-lying delta region in the Lower Mahanadi river basin. It offtakes from Kendrapada canal bifurcation structure at Reducing Distance(RD) 2.90 Kilometer(km), 200 25’ 45”N, 85058’17”E. The Kendrapada main canal offtakes from the Mahanadi Barrage at Cuttack, 200.28’ 46”N, 850.54’76”E. The 80.50km long Pattamundai Main canal runs parallel to the Birupa river for

i IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI much of its length and inspection is facilitated by the National Highway 5A and Cuttack- Pattamundai road. The command area is bounded by the Birupa and Brahmani rivers to the North and west, the Gobari nullah to the south, and the Saluan nallah to the east. Smaller natural drainage nullahs within the command area facilitate drainage to the Bay of Bengal. The Kendrapada Canal scheme lies to the south and west of Pattamundai command. vi. Pattamundai was designed and built foremost as a navigation canal in the mid-19th Century, connecting rivers Mahanadi and Brahmani and extending from Cuttack city to Alava Lock on Brahmani serving the Cuttack, Jajpur & Kendrapara area. It was an East India Company commercial project. The Company started construction but sold the project to the British Government in 1871. The British Government expanded the scope and completed the scheme vii. The command area of the Pattamundai scheme, currently about 32,693ha, extends over eight blocks in three districts: (i) Mahanga, Salepur, Tangi blocks in Cuttack District, and (ii) Derabish, Kendrapara, Pattamundai, Mahakalpara blocks in Kendrapara District and Barachana block in Jajpur District viii. The total area covered by the scheme is about 60,500ha, and the original Culturable Command Area(CCA) was 51,460 hectares(ha). With growth of villages and commercial development the current command area is estimated at 32,693ha (including Birupa-Genguti system). ix. The Pattamundai canal is passing through crop lands of deltaic region and it passes in most the sections in parallel to Birupa river. The 80.5 km long Pattamundai main canal takes off from the Kendrapara main at RD 2.90km. The Pattamundai canal system consists of 13 distributaries1, 40 minors and 115 sub-minor canals. canal is largely unlined. The Pattamundai scheme benefits 439 approx villages within 59 PP. 5. SCOPE OF WORK x. The Initial Environment Examination(IEE) has been prepared for Pattamundai subproject which covers: • The difficulties inherent in operating and maintaining the existing system, coupled with no major rehabilitation or upgrading since original construction, has resulted in most of the command area getting little irrigation water. So, rehabilitation of Pattamundai canal system is absolutely necessary for economic up-liftment of villagers of Cuttack, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts district of Odisha. • Renovation and modernization of the canal system by regulators, without increasing the command area. This entails the restoration back to the designed command area, without extending and widening the canal systems, and minimizing the losses by repairing the existing structures, and if necessary, the construction of additional structures as per the field requirement • Bringing the canals to the original design section and providing necessary lining or guard walls as necessity and site conditions in the vulnerable reaches of the main canal and upstream and downstream of structures, • Remodeling of existing Hydraulic control structures for improved flow control and flow measurement in the main canal and distributaries. • Construction of new Cross Drainage (CDs)( canal siphon, drainage siphon and aqueducts) and repair of existing CDs to avoid water logging and properly designing drainage inlets to minimize entry of sediment into the canals. • Providing additional new bridges and repairing the existing ones for improved access across canals. • Renovating the outlets of the main canal, distributaries, minor and sub-minors. • Improving the service banks a provision for improvement of service road is built within the sub-project, the approx length of 11.5 km will be improved under the subproject. • Providing some tube wells along the entire length main canal and its distribution system was kept to provide water during canal closure period.

1 Based on DoWR guide lines for classification of canals

ii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 6. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT xi. This sub- project is also classified as “Category B” as per Environmental Guidelines for Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009. This project is one of the sub-projects of the CTA, which were prepared earlier. This sub-project does not have any major environmentally sensitive issues within the existing project area. There are no wild life sanctuaries or national parks, eco-sensitive zones, protected monuments, endangered or exotic species of plants are present in the region. Although expansion and modernization of existing sub-projects (Irrigation / River valley) may involve Ministry of Environment & Forests(MoEF) clearance, the present sub-project does not extend to an additional command areas; hence, no clearance is required. Since the project components include mainly renovation works, with no extension and widening of the canal system, the impact on natural resources is negligible, temporary and mitigable.

7. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES xii. The project has little or no scope for alternatives in terms of locations, as it is an existing project and the scope of the present project is to improve the performance of an existing system without increasing the command and to cater to the needs of the people. The originally designed areas will be improved, through the rehabilitation of sections of the canals and by modernizing the system with regulators, minimizing the losses by repairing structures and constructing additional structures as per requirements. The investment costs are largely for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing systems. As the original design appears to be adequate, alternative solutions for rehabilitation are not foreseen at this time.

8. CLEARANCES REQUIRED FOR THE SUBPROJECT xiii. After reviewing the various applicable environmental acts and statutes, as applicable to Government of India, Govt. of Odisha and ADB some of the clearances that are to be obtained by Sub-project Implementation Officer (SIO- Superintendent Engineer for Major and Executive Engineer for medium sub projects) / Contractor are: • Permission from State Forest Department- There are some trees that exist on the canal embankments to the possible extent trees would be saved if tree cutting is necessary, they require permission from State Divisional Forest Officer(DFO) for cutting before commencement of the civil work. • Consent from Odisha State Pollution Control Board(OSPCB) - All the construction contractors should obtain consent under the water and air act from Odisha State pollution control board before commencement of construction work for the plant and machinery (Hot Mix, wet mix macadam(WMM), Batching, Crusher, Diesel Generator greater than 15 kilo-volt- ampere(KVA) they establish for the projector if they are procuring from the vendor, the contractor should ensure that the vendors has the requisite consents from the State Pollution Control Board of Odisha. The list of crushers falling under Regional Office Cuttack (Cuttack, Jagatsingpur, Kendrapara) whose consents has been issued by OSPCB, Cuttack as on November 2011 ( information shared ) is enclosed as Annexure-2 • Permissions from Department of Mines and Geology : i. Contractor would obtain permission for transporting the soil from the Department of Mines and Geology or local bodies as applicable, along with the mutual agreement with the land owner in case of private lands. ii. Contractor would obtain permission for extracting boulders before quarrying; if the extraction of the boulder is being procured from the existing quarry/supplier, it shall be ensured that, the requisite license/ lease has been obtained from the concerned Authority. iii. Contractor would obtain permission for extracting sand before quarrying ; if the extraction of boulder is being procured from the existing quarry/supplier, it shall be ensured that the requisite license/ lease has been obtained from the concerned Authority.

iii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Permission from Commissioner of Explosives - If the Contractor stores diesel or stores blasting materials he has to obtain permission or if procuring or executing through vendors he must ensure that the vendor has obtained permission. • Permission from District Health Officer - Contractor would obtain permission for establishing labour camps. • Pollution under Control Certificates - Vehicles and machineries engaged in the construction of the project will comply with the Motors Vehicle act and will be required to obtain pollution under control certificate. • Clearance of Encroachments - There are some encroachments which need to be addressed as per resettlement and rehabilitation (R & R) policy of the government, SIO, DoWR should ensure there won’t be any issues pertaining to the resettlement before handing over the site to the contractor. 9. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS xiv. The baseline environmental overview is as follows : a. Topography- The elevation in the project command area varies from 12 to 20 meter(m); the slope is varying from north – eastwards. There are small hillocks in the command area and several nullahs draining into the Bada Genguti, Kelua and then Brahmani rivers. The nullahs have insufficient capacity to drain storm water, Pattamundai being contour canal, railway lines, national highways and road embankments hinder drainage flows to some extent. b. Climate. The mean annual rainfall of the area is 1616 mm, rainfall occurs from south –west monsoon between June to November. The analysis of rain fall data for over 10 years ( 2004 to 2014) for different sub project blocks ranges from 1505 mm to 1869 mm, out of which 1483 millimetres(mm) is received during monsoon, around 76 mm during pre-monsoon months of February to May. Temperature varies with minimums ranging from 120C to 160 C and maximums from 340C to 440C. c. Geology & Soils - The oldest rocks found in the study area are khondalities, charnockites and granite gneiss. Khondalities are mainly found Tigira block of Cuttack district Jajpur district and Gneisss are found in the north of Mahanadi basin from Narsingpur to T. The soils in the subproject command is in upper Mahanadi deltaic plain and sediments were deposited under fluvial influence, the soil are classified as clay loam, lateritic, sandy loam, alluvial loam, coastal alluvial loam and mixed red and black soils. The subproject falls under earthquake risk zone III i.e. moderate damage risk zone and the tail end portion under earthquake risk zone – II i.e. Low damage risk zone. d. Landuse - Pattamundaicanal mainly passes through the agricultural lands, at places it crosses small nallas, highways, roads, railway line and passes adjacent to the settlements in certain sections of the canals. The available existing acquired land for the canal i.e. Right Of Way (ROW) for the main canal ranges from 70 to 120 m i.e. 35 to 60 m on either side of the canal centre. For distributaries the available ROW is ranging from 36 to 40 m covering both sides of the canal; for minors the available ROW is approx. 26 m covering both the sides of the canal and for sub-minors the available ROW is around 16m ( both sides of the canal) No additional land acquisition is required. e. Agro-climatic condition - The Pattamundaisubproject falls in the North-Eastern Coastal Plain” Agro-Climatic Zone of Odisha. The district is primarily an agricultural district but even large scale industrial units are present in Cuttack and Jajpur and huge numbers of stone crushers are located in the Jajpur district. f. Water Resources - The water quality of the Pattamundai subproject is not monitored. The water quality for Mahanadi river shows that the water quality of Class C or even deteriorates further by not meeting Class C also near the vicinities of the Pattamundai town due to the release of untreated effluents from the Cuttack town ship. g. Biodiversity – The forest cover of the Pattamundai project districts i.e. Cuttack and Jajpur is very less, only 787 square kilometres(sq.km) and 725 sq.km out of which demarcated protected forest is around 101 sq.km in Cuttack district and 299 sq.km in Jajpur district. There are no reserved or protected forest in the subproject area. There are no endangered plants in the subproject area the dominant tree species are Anogeissus latifolia, Azadiracta indica, Albizia

iv IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI lebbeck, Buchanania lanjan, Butea monosperma etc., There are no endangered fauna in the subproject area, the fauna found in the area are pea foul, red jungle fowl, red spur fowl, black patridge, grey horn bill, green pigeon and ducks all under least concern category of red data book. There are no government notified core habitations like elephant reserves or sanctuaries with in the area of influence of the project area. h. Demography – The sub project area is covered in three blocks of Cuttack district and 2 % and ST population of blocks of Jajpur district. The subproject covered blocks have a population of 881525 with a scheduled caste(SC) population of 19.8% and scheduled tribes(ST) population of 6 There are 214 benefited villages with approx. 49,805 beneficiaries.01 % as per 2001 census. 10. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES: xv. The potential positive and negative impacts were identified in relation to design, construction and operation for the proposed renovation works. The negative environmental impacts, both direct and indirect, associated with the project location and mitigative measures, and the impacts arising due to the construction phase of the project will be temporary and short term in nature. xvi. The direct and short term impacts concern the implementation stage of the ERM works which can be mitigable with environmental management plan(EMP) implementation. Mitigation reduce measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Special measures like dust suppression measures, traffic management and safety measures for workers have been addressed in the EMP 11. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION xvii. In the most recent notification of the Ministry of Environment and Forests of 14 September 2006, (referred to in section III E of this IEE) modernization of irrigation projects does not require Public Consultation. However, Public Consultation and Information Disclosure is an essential element of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, and included in the internal project procedures. The process of stakeholder, public consultation as well as outcome of consultations and information disclosure adopted for the subproject have been developed. xviii. The subproject stake holders of the project include: • Project benefitted communities or stakeholders or Pani Panchayat members, • Institutional stake holders such as Pollution Control Board (PCB), government institutions like Water Resource Department, State Pollution Control Board, etc., xix. House hold survey for 240 households in Solara, Champapur, Birol, Jaganathpur, Bharatpur, Brahamanpada, Paikerapur, Sabo, Sardola, Mirjapur, Gothamuhanpatna and Narendrapur covering head, middle and tail villages. And the focus group discussion(FGDs) were held at Birol, Champapur, Gangudia- Bharatpur and Jaganathpur villages. The consultation and discussions were held with groups of beneficiaries during initial field visits and the preparation of feasibility studies for the core sub-projects. During these discussions, the scheme was discussed with groups of beneficiaries, typically 10 to 20 persons in size, and their views sought on key issues including (i) anticipated effects of the proposed scheme improvement, (ii) the extent and nature of changes in land use that may occur with improved supplies of irrigation water (iii) presence of any sites of archaeological or cultural importance (iv) land stability in the around the existing scheme and (v) potential land use conflicts. No serious concerns were raised by villagers during these discussions. Focus group discussion for individual village and household surveys were conducted in selected villages to understand the present problem of irrigation system. xx. The Institutional stake holders that were consulted were: State Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, and Cuttack. The feedback and suggestions obtained from the departments were used in screening the subproject and planning the activities. xxi. Summary findings of Consultation sessions with benefited communities are: • Villagers will cooperate in all aspects for implementation of the prestigious project • Non availability of the canal water during construction work- villagers requested planning of construction work during lien period when irrigation water not much required

v IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • They will accommodate the short term impacts during construction phase • They need real help from government side for regular testing of agricultural soil and irrigation water • Introduction of organic manure, bio-fertilizer and vermi compost will be required. Farmers have no knowledge on beneficial effect of utilization of bio-fertilizer • Environmental awareness program will be required for non use of banned pesticide as well as personal safety during application of pesticide • Minimization of conflict among water users through PP intervention • Solving of drainage problem at water logging area

12. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM xxii. The grievance mechanism for the subproject has been developed and discussed in the IEE report.

13. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) xxiii. An EMP is mandatory and consists of the following features : (i) Institutional Arrangement required for the subproject; (ii) staffing requirement for EMP implementation; (iii) Reporting System and the responsibilities of different institutions involved in EMP implementation (iv) Environmental Monitoring plan with the check list of anticipated impacts and suggested mitigation measures and the responsibility of different institutions and also stages of implementation (v) Suggesting Environmental monitoring plan with showing locations of monitoring, frequency and stage of monitoring; (vi) performance indicators for the subproject (vii) Environmental Monitoring and Management Costs and (viii) Capacity building requirements. 14. RECOMMENDATION xxiv. Recommends the subproject to be rated Category B for the following reasons: (i)There are no significant adverse impacts associated with this project in the local environmental condition due to construction and operation of the project. Instead the project is expected to improve irrigation facilities and enhance economic growth of the area; (ii) Increased irrigation will also help in planting of more trees thereby increasing the environmental conditions of the area adding to the greenery and general aesthetics of the area; (iii) The indirect benefits of the project will be lowered levels of out migration as the communities will have more opportunity of securing income from within the village; (iv) There will be growth in living standard of people, which will encourage proper education, social awareness, health facility and prosperity amongst the people; (v) The IEE clearly states in its findings that there will be no significant impact in the local environmental condition due to construction and operation of the project and preference shall be given to the local labour for carrying out the work. xxv. Any impact associated with the project activities will be minor in nature and will be restricted. Adequate safety, dust suppression measures and traffic management need to be taken up by the contractor while executing the construction works canal crosses nullahs and roads and the road is on the river embankment; there are many village road bridges (VRBs) across this canal to access country side. Clearing of weeds and grasses involving community and awareness raising about the impacts of weeds during operation phase will enhance system efficiency. Scope for increased levels in ground water increase in soil salinity, increased levels of insecticides and pesticides might be some of the impacts need to be monitored during project operation. Increased ground water level is a beneficial impact and hence no mitigation measures are recommended. It is suggested that local villagers should be educated through pani panchayat about rational use of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to reduce soil salinity and protect surface and ground water quality.

vi IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 15. CONCLUSION xxvi. The IEE has assessed potential environmental impacts associated with the subproject. There are no adverse impacts that are significant and complex in nature expected from implementation of this subproject. xxvii. The subproject is expected to improve the existing degraded irrigation infrastructure and will be put to beneficial use to the society. This will boost agriculture growth in the area and will bring prosperity to the region. xxviii. The potential adverse impacts are minimal as no additional land is required, and the impacts that may arise with construction can be mitigated through following standard working procedures with adequate safety and dust suppression measures and monitoring for the works carried out by the Contractor and water users associations (WUAs) and implementing the suggested EMP measures xxix. By improving the irrigation infrastructure economic disparity between head end and tail end users will be reduced. xxx. IEE assessment confirmed the subproject Category B classification and will not require detailed EIA to be undertaken except obtaining required permits and certification as suggested in the IEE report.

vii IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI I. I NTRODUCTI ON A. Overview

1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has agreed with national and state governments to fund the project in Odisha, which will include support for irrigated agriculture development and integrated water resources management with a a loan of $189 million in the form of a sector loan to utilize multi-tranche financing facility (MFF). The Government of India is promoting state- level sector reforms through its National Water Policy (NWP) 1987 and 2002, which advocates PIM and IWRM to promote and sustain more efficient water use. 2. To support the process, in the late 1990s, the Government of Odisha has started gradually developed the policy, planning and institutional basis for the irrigation and water resources. Specific steps taken include (i) promulgation of the State Water Policy and State Water Plan adopting Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles, (ii) establishment of a legal framework for WUAs, (iii) substantial increase in the water tariff and O&M financing, and (iv) capacity strengthening of the Department of Water Resources (DoWR). 3. As an effort towards attaining these objectives had applied for MFF No. 0022 and Loan No 2444 IND and as a result has started “Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program (OIIAWMIP) to be implemented under different tranches. The project has a wider objective to improve the irrigation service delivery with Pani Panchayat (PP) empowerment to enhance the productivity and sustainability of irrigated agriculture, thereby contributing to rural poverty reduction by increasing rural economic growth and reduce poverty in the four northern river basins (Brahmani, Baitarani, Burhabalanga, and Subrenerekha river basins) and a part of Mahanadi Delta areas. The executing agency is the Department of Water Resources (DoWR). The DoWR, Odihsa will be the implementing agency and the projects are operated through a Project Management Unit (PMU), and the works will be outsourced to private contractors selected under National Competitive Bidding. 4. The project will assist in preparation of operation plans and procedures and an improved canal operation project monitoring and evaluation(PME) system to provide canal managers with (minimal) data. Assistance for O&M, and regular training, will continue during and after system ERM to facilitate adoption of improved procedures by both the DoWR managers and Pani Panchayts (PPs). 5. The major components of the OIIAWMP include: ƒ the rehabilitation of irrigation systems within five major river basins, namely the Subernarekha, Burhabalang, Mahanadi, Baitarani and Brahmani covering a total area of 300,407 ha; ƒ supporting the practical implementation of integrated water resources management using a river basin approach; ƒ strengthening the capacity of irrigation water delivery agencies; ƒ promoting participatory irrigation management through water user association; ƒ Supporting improvements in the quality of and access to agricultural support services. 6. The Pattamundai scheme benefits 439 approx villages within 59 PP. There are a number of government welfare schemes operating in the project villages. Some are run by Government Cooperative Agencies for the benefit of the vulnerable groups. The schemes are Antodaya Annapurna Yojna, Indira Avas Yojana(IAY), Old Age Pension and Widow Allowance. General awareness about these welfare schemes is high. Only very few non-governmental organization(NGOs) and Community based organizations are operational in the scheme area.

1 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI B. Purpose of the Report

7. Pattamundai canal irrigation system is one of the sub-projects to be funded under Tranche -2. The rehabilitation and resectioning of an existing major canal irrigation scheme: Pattamundai, located in Cuttack, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts is being considered. The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report investigates the environmental impacts based on the preliminary design and estimates. It is mandatory that the sub-project considered for implementation complies with all relevant environmental requirements of the Government of India, the State Government of Odisha, and ADB’s safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification of 2006, Govt. of India is the basis for environmental assessment. The expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification with addition of capacity beyond the limits specified for the concerned sector, project or activities which cross the threshold limits given in the Schedule, after expansion or modernization require environmental clearance. As this sub-project involves renovation of the existing canals to its original designed capacity, repair of existing structures and construction of some new additional structures (Village Road Bridges, Bathing ghats etc) are involved in the project without increase in the command areas or no new canal are proposed, so doesn’t require any environmental clearances.

C. The Study Methodology

8. The IEE report was prepared based on the detailed screening and analysis of all environmental parameters, field visits to the project site to assess the present condition of the system and level of intervention required. The data to establish baseline environmental status of the project was collected from various secondary sources like published literature, reports, official web sites and meeting with the key personnel. Public consultation was undertaken at six villages in the project area. The villages were selected in such a way that they were chosen to be representative of the head, middle and tail end of the project to get views of the project affected community. An environmental management plan was suggested to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project.

D. Project Location

9. The Project extends over eight blocks in three districts: (i) Mahanga, Salepur, Tangi blocks in Cuttack District, and (ii) Derabish, Kendrapara, Pattamundai, Mahakalpara blocks in Kendrapara District and Barachana block in Jajpur District which lies in the north-eastern part of Odisha State. The Pattamundai irrigation Subproject is in the flat, low-lying delta region in the Lower Mahanadi river basin (Figure-1). It offtakes from Kendrapada canal birfurcation structure at RD 2.90 km, 20o 25’ 45”N latitude and 85o 58’ 17”E longitude. The Kendrapada main canal offtakes from the Mahanadi Barrage at Cuttack, 20o.28’ 46”N latitude, 85o.54’76”E longitude. The Figure 1 shows the subproject location and ayacut area shown in index map shown in Annexure -1.

2 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Figure 1: Sub project location

Pattamundai Sub‐Project

E. Structure of IEE Report

In line with the ADB’s SPS 2009, the IEE report has 10 chapters. The details are as:

3 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 1. Executive Summary: The section deals briefly with the critical facts, significant findings and recommendations. 2. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes with overview of the project, purpose of the report, study methodology and project location 3. Chapter 2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Frame work for Environment Management chapter provides environmental management and protection policies, regulations as per the Ministry of Environment, Govt. of India, Govt. of Odisha and ADB environmental policies and the required clearance for the subproject. 4. Chapter -3: Description This chapter briefly describes the present condition of the various structures under the Pattamundai irrigation sub project and a description of the proposed engineering recommendations. 5. Chapter 4: Description of the Environment. The section includes baseline conditions for the physical and natural environment, socio economic and demographic profile of the project area. The data presented in the report is gathered from secondary sources. 6. Chapter 5: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Chapter describes the extent of the impacts of the project activity on the existing environment. The focus of section is on the adverse impacts however the beneficial impacts are also reported in this chapter. 7. Chapter 6: The Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation chapter gives information on consultation, stages and levels of consultation process and findings of the public consultation conducted in six villages as part of the project. 8. Chapter 7 Grievance Redress Mechanism Chapter provides the proposed mechanism for grievances. 9. Chapter 8: Environmental Management Plan Chapter describes the measures recommended for mitigating the adverse impacts arising out of the project. This chapter also emphasizes on the roles and responsibilities, regular monitoring activities, supervision and reporting of monitoring of various environmental components during different phases of the project. 10. Chapter 9 Gives findings and recommendations of the IEE study. 11. Chapter 10 includes the conclusion of the IEE study.

4 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI II. POLI CY, LEGAL AND ADMI NI STRATI VE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVI RONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

10. The environmental management and protection policies, regulations and administrative framework governing the project are reviewed in this section. The review includes sector- specific environmental policies and regulations of the Government of India, State Govt of Odisha, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, June, 2009, and the administrative framework of various agencies, such as the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), the Pollution Control Boards and other bodies associated with the implementation of the proposed subproject. A. Mandatory Requirements (Funding Agency) 1 Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (June 2009) 11. The following are the requirements under Asian Development Bank’s safeguard policy.

2 Environment Categorization 12. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories based on the Operations Manual Section F1 and Operational Procedures (OP) March 2010:

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts which are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts. Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of a lesser degree and or significance than those of category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or “IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed. Category F1: Projects are classified as category F1, if they involve a credit line though a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply on environmental management system; otherwise all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts. 3 Environmental Management Plan 13. It addresses the potential impacts and risks identified through the process of environmental assessment and the level of details and complexity of the EMP. It identifies impacts and risks and the priority measures and actions that will commensurate with the project. 4 Public Disclosure 14. The IEE summary will be translated in to local language and disclosed to Water Users Association (WUA) level. The copy of the full IEE will be available with subproject Implementation Office (SIO) and Project Management Unit (PMU) and will be made available for the stakeholders as and when asked for. A copy of the IEE Summary will be disclosed through the DOWR website and in ADB website as well.

5 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI B. Mandatory Requirements (National)

5 Environmental Regulatory and Policy Framework for Subproject Selection 15. The environmental regulations of the Government of India have laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations pertaining to the sustenance of environment. The acts that are applicable to this project are summarized in the sections below.

6 Constitutional Provisions 16. The Constitution of India, in Article 48, of Directive Principles of the State, states that “the state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife of the country”. Further Article 51-A (g), of fundamental duties, emphasizes that, “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”. These two provisions of the constitution are the guiding principles for the environmental legislation in India. 17. The Government of India has laid down various policy guidelines, regulations, acts and legislations pertaining to the sustainability and protection of the environment and its various components. The statutory requirements for the proposed sub project are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs. 7 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 14th September 2006 18. The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 is the umbrella legislation providing for the protection of the environment in the country. This act provides the Environment (Protection) Rules, which were formulated in 1986. The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 and the various amendments thereto have been notified under this act. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has enacted a new notification under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 related to environmental clearance (EC) of the developmental projects with effect from September 14, 2006. 19. According to this notification, developmental projects are classified as category A and Category B based on their size, nature, location and possible environmental impacts. All the projects included in Category A require environmental clearance from the MoEF, Government of India. The list of projects or activities requiring environmental clearance and their categorization is given in the schedule of this notification. According to this notification, expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the schedule to this notification with addition of capacity beyond the limits specified for the concerned sector, project or activities which cross the threshold limits given in the Schedule after expansion or modernization requires environmental clearance. 20. During discussions held with officials of the department of environment and forests Government of Odisha(GoO). The state department of environment (DOEn) is of the view that new irrigation projects encompassing a command area less than 500 ha need not require EC. In view of this all the new major, medium and minor projects that are likely to increase the command area more than 500 ha and will need an EC from the State environment impact assessment authority(SEIAA) and projects whose command area increases equal to or more than 10,000 ha will need an EC from the central government. 21. This Pattamundai sub-project is an existing major project where renovation of existing canals to its original designed capacity, repair of existing structures and construction of new additional structures like village bridges, bathing ghats etc are involved in the project activities. Since no new canals and no additional command area is being increased under this sub-project so doesn’t require environmental clearance as per the provisions of EIA notification 2006.

6 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 8 The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts 22. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State level Pollution Control Boards, (CPCB and SPCB) whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for the construction and operation of developmental projects requiring water as a resource. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, empowers the SPCBs to enforce air quality standards set by the CPCB. 23. During the construction phase of the project, if plants like concrete mixing plants, hot mix plants, crushers, diesel generators etc are installed., will require consent {consent for establishment (CFE) and consent for Operation (CFO)} from the Odisha State Pollution Control Board(OSPCB) pursuant to the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act of 1974, The Water Cess Act of 1977 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981. 24. This consent will be taken by the construction contractor. If the contractor is procuring the material from the vendors, he must ensure that the vendor’s have consent from the OSPCB. This would be applicable to all the major, medium and minor sub projects of this loan programme. 9 The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 25. The Central Government formulated these rules under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Under Section 7 of these rules it is required that the operator or occupier of a facility dealing with hazardous waste ensures that hazardous waste is packaged in a suitable manner for storage and transport and that the labeling and packaging shall be easily visible and be able to withstand physical conditions and climatic factors.

26. Bituminous and other materials used in construction are considered as hazardous in nature. Section 9 of these Rules also requires that in case of an accident during transportation of hazardous wastes, the operator or occupier of a facility shall immediately report to the SPCB in the prescribed form. This statute applies to the contractor’s if they are involved, in handling (including storing) and transshipment of hazardous bituminous materials during construction or black topping of the project dam roads. 10 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 27. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest area for non-forestry use. The forest management rules, 2003 provide the guidelines for conversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. According to these rules the process of obtaining forest clearance under the new amendment varies with the legal status of the forestland to be diverted. There are two types of forests namely, reserved and protected, whose forest land can be diverted for non forest purposes. Reserved Forest (RF) is an area notified under the provisions of the Indian Forest Act or the State Forest Acts, with a full degree of protection. In Reserved Forest, all activities are prohibited unless permitted. Protected Forest (PF) is an area notified under the provisions of Indian Forest Act or the State Forest Acts with a limited degree of protection. In Protected Forests all activities are permitted unless prohibited through a government notification. It also restricts felling of trees and regulates diversion of forestland for non-forest use.

a In the case of Reserved Forest (i) If the area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 40 ha then prior permission will be granted by MoEF, GOI, New Delhi. (ii) If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is between ‘5 to 40’ ha, then the case would be put to the state advisory committee for consideration. The

7 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI committee after studying the case will make its recommendation to the MoEF, GOI for formal approval. (iii) If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is below or equal to 5 ha, then the MoEF regional office is empowered to give the approval. (iv) If the area to be clear-felled has a forest density of more than 40%, permission to undertake any work is needed from the Central Government, irrespective of the area to be cleared. b. In the case of Protected Forest 28. The MoEF regional office is empowered to accord Forest clearance for an area up to 5 hectares, which is to be cleared. The procedure for getting the forest clearance is as follows: (i) The user agency will submit an application to the District Forests Officer (DFO) seeking conversion of forest land for non forests purpose. (ii) The DFO will scrutinise the application and forward it to the state conservator of forests (CFO) with his recommendations. (iii) The state forest department will estimate the cost of compensatory afforestation as twice the cost of area likely to be submerged/ acquired and suggest the user agency to deposit this amount to the state forests department. (iv) The state forests department will also identify the land for compensatory afforestation and submit the application along with a compensatory afforestation plan to the Secretary MoEF, Government of India. (v) The expert committee scrutinizes the application and state government’s proposal for compensatory afforestation. If required, the committee will also under take site visits. (vi) The committee accords approval provided the application and compensatory afforestation proposals are satisfactory (vii) The state government submits the compliance report stating the status of implementation of compensatory afforestation plan and conditions given in MoEF’s first stage clearance. (viii) After review of the compliance report MoEF accords formal forest clearance. 29. This sub-project is an existing project without any forest areas, so doesn’t require any forest clearance. However, there are some trees on the canal embankments i.e. within ROW if any tree need to cut under unavoidable situation, then SIO should obtain permission for tree cutting from State Forest Department. 11 The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 30. The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972 has allowed the government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 25 years, to protect and conserve the flora and fauna of the state. The act will be applicable to this project if the command area of any sub project encroach any National Park or Sanctuary wh houses habitats of wild animals. The wild life sanctuaries and national parks in the river basins under consideration are given in Table 1 below. 31. This sub projects identified for tranche -2 funding do not fall within these Protected Areas (Pas).

8 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Table 1: List of National Parks and Sanctuaries in OIIAWMP Area

Sl. No. Name of the Protected Area (PA) Area Sq. km. National Parks 1. Bhitarkanika 145.00 2. Similipal 845.70 Sanctuaries 1. Bhitarkanika 672.00 2. Similipal 2200.00 3. Satakosia Gorge 795.52 4. Hadagarh 191.06 5. Khalasuni 116.00 6. Kuldiha 272.75 7. Gahirmatha (Marine) 1435.00

(Source: Wild life, Odisha, Forest Department, Government of Orrisa, 2004) 12 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 32. In 1988, the Indian Motor Vehicles Act empowered the State Transport Authority (usually the Road Transport Office) to enforce standards for vehicular pollution and prevention control. The authority also checks emission standards of registered vehicles, collects road taxes, and issues licenses. In August 1997, the Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUC) programme was launched in an attempt to crack down on the vehicular emissions in the States. Since this act is applicable for all states, this will be applicable for this project. 33. All the vehicles that will be used in construction of the subprojects will have to comply with the PUC norms set down under this act. 13 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 34. According to this Act, the area within the radii of 100 meters (m) and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as a “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area”, without prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), if the site/remains/ monuments are protected by ASI. The likely subprojects command area does not have any protected property and therefore, this act will not be applicable for the project. However, there may be a possibility that artifacts of coins, structures, fabrics or any other archaeological relics may be identified during the construction phase. If such a situation would arise this Act would then apply. However, in case of chance finds, the contractors will be required to follow a protocol; as defined in the Environmental Management Plan.

14. Land Acquisition and Resettlement & Rehabilitation: 35. The following acts and policies would be applicable to the sub-projects under OIIAWMIP. i. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA-1894) 36. In India, compensation for land acquisition (LA) and resettlement assistance for project- affected people is governed by the Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 which has been amended from time to time. Under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, compensation is paid only to the legal titleholders and does not provide any compensation package to the non-titleholders like encroachers, squatters etc. LAA, as amended in 1984 provides the legal framework for land acquisition for a public purpose in India. It enables the State Government to acquire private lands for a public purpose, and seeks to ensure that no person is deprived of land except under the Act

9 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

ii.National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 (NRRP-2007)

37. The National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 (NRRP-2007) was adopted by the Government of India in 31st October, 2007 to address development-induced resettlement issues. The policy provides for the basic minimum requirements, and all projects leading to involuntary displacement of people must address the rehabilitation and resettlement issues comprehensively. The State Governments, Public Sector Undertakings or agencies, and other requiring bodies shall be at liberty to put in place greater benefit levels than those prescribed in the NRRP-2007. The principles of this policy may also apply to the rehabilitation and resettlement of persons involuntarily displaced permanently due to any other reason.

iii.The Orissa Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2006

38. The State Government of Odisha in 2006 have framed and adopted a comprehensive resettlement and rehabilitation policy named “The Orissa Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2006” in order to ensure sustained development through a participatory and transparent process. It shall apply to all those projects, for which acquisition of private land under Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or under any other law's for the timebeing in force or proclamation inviting objections in case of Government land is notified. This shall also be applicable to all projects for which land is acquired through negotiation under the provisions of this Policy.

iv. Involuntary Resettlement Policy of Asian Development Bank 39. The Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) of Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) is being followed for preparing this resettlement plan. The main objectives of the ADB policy include: • to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; • to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; • to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all affected persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the affected poor and other vulnerable groups 40. This sub-project Pattamundai doesn’t require any land acquisition but there are some encroachments which would be surveyed and addressed separately in the Resettlement Report. 15. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 41. This Act provides for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing immediate relief to the persons affected by an accident occurring while handling any hazardous substance and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The transportation of hazardous substances by vehicle use is also included. This statute would apply on the implementers of the Project. 16. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 42. It is a statutory authority attached to the MoEF located at New Delhi. The main responsibilities of CPCB include the planning and implementation of water and air pollution programmes; advising the Central Government on water and air pollution programmes; setting air and water standards and co-ordinating with the SPCBs. 17. Odisha State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB) 43. The OSPCB is the government agency responsible for ensuring the compliance to relevant standards related to discharges in the environment. The activities of the OSPCB

10 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI include, planning and executing state level air and water quality initiatives; advising the state government on air, water and industry issues; establishing standards based on National Minimum standards and enforcing and monitoring of all activities within the state under the Air Act, the Water Act and the Cess Act. 18. Applicability of International Environmental Agreements 44. In addition, international conventions such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources2 (IUCN), Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals(CMS)3 and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance4 are applicable for selection and screening of sub-projects under restricted / sensitive areas. India is a party to these conventions 19.Odisha State Legislations and Acts and Other relevant Guidelines/ Standards 45. Over and above, the project also gives due importance to the Indian standards, norms, guidelines and management procedures related to canal or irrigation projects such as IS 4701 reaffirmed 1995 i.e. Code of Practice for Earth work on canals and IS 4839 (part -1)1992, etc. 46. The Government of India in the Ministry of Labour & Employment have enacted the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service of the Buildings and other Construction Workers and to provide their safety, health and welfare measures. To enforce the same the Government of Odisha has formulated rules namely the Orissa Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and conditions of Service) Rules, 2002. As per the act Government has to deposit 1 % cess of the cost approved as per the tendered notification. The amount needs to be deducted from the bill at the time of making payment to the contractor. 47. According to the Child Labour Act, children at the age of 14 to 18 years, if employed shall not be engages in hazardous working conditions. 48. The constitution of India has provisions for ensuring the health and wellbeing of all employees need to be protected and the state has the duty to ensure protection. For this sub- project, the mitigation measures were based on the World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. 20. Orissa minor mineral concession Rules 1990 amended 2004 49. As per the act, no person shall undertake any quarrying operations for the purpose of extraction, collection and /or removal of minor minerals except under and in accordance with terms and conditions of the quarry lease, permit and / or auction sale, various rules which are important and relevant to the project activities are stated below: ¾ Extraction, collection, and / or removal of minor minerals by a person from his own land for normal agricultural operations or other bonafide domestic consumptions shall not be construed as quarrying operations. ¾ The government may have restrictions in granting a quarry lease; for an area upto 5 Ha, the permit and lease should be obtained from Tahasildhar, Revenue Department, Govt. of Odisha and above 5 Ha, from the Sub-Collector, and in the case of Forest Lands, it

2 The IUCN provides Red List of Threatened Species which provides comprehensive information on the global conservation status of plants and animal species. The IUCN Red List is applicable for assessing global risk of extinction for species world over. The objective of the list is to highlight and convey the need for species conservation issues to public, policy makers and researchers 3 CMS also known as Bonn Convention, recognized that states must be the protectors of migratory species that live within or pass through their national jurisdictions, and aim to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species through out their ranges. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on the Appendix I of the Convention. The signatories have to strive towards protecting these species. 4 The convention on Wetlands of International importance ( Ramsar Convention) provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources, As per this there are 25 designated wetlands in India, Chilka in Orissa is one among them

11 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI should be from Divisional Forest Officer and for the Minor minerals other than those specified in item I(1) of Schedule III, regardless of location, from the Mining Officer and Deputy Director of Mines, Department of Steel & Mines. ¾ Chapter II section 14 sub. Section 8 states the conditions of quarry lease; it states that the lease shall not carry on or be allowed to be carried out on , any quarrying operations at any point with in a distance of: (a). One hundred meters from any railway line, national highway, state highway or any reservoir; or (b) with in a distance of 50 meters from any tank, canal, road (other than National or State highways) except under and under in accordance with the permission of the Collector. ¾ Section 21 and 23 states lessee shall ensure major erosion and observe all such environmental safeguards as provided in the act and in case of granite quarry, proper reclamation should be done with plantation. ¾ It also states if the land leased out is a private land, the lessee shall pay a reasonable compensation, as agreed upon between the lessee and the owner of the land. ¾ It also states that the depth of quarry below the surface shall not exceed six meters.

C. Clearances required for the subproject

50. After reviewing the various applicable environmental acts and statutes, as applicable to Government of India, Govt. of Orrisa and ADB some of the clearances that are to be obtained by SIO / Contractor are: • Permission from State Forest Department- There are some trees that exist on the canal embankments to the possible extent trees would be saved if tree cutting is necessary, they require permission from State DFO for cutting before commencement of the civil work. • Consent from Odisha State Pollution Control Board - All the construction contractors should obtain consent under the water and air act from Odisha State pollution control board before commencement of construction work for the plant and machinery (Hot Mix, WMM, Batching, Crusher, Diesel Generator greater than 15 KVA) they establish for the projector if they are procuring from the vendor, the contractor should ensure that the vendors has the requisite consents from the State Pollution Control Board of Odisha. The list of crushers falling under Regional Office Cuttack (Cuttack, Jagatsingpur, Kendrapara and Jajpur) whose consents has been issued by OSPCB, Cuttack as on November 2011 ( information shared ) is enclosed as Annexure-2. • Permissions from Department of Mines and Geology : iv. Contractor would obtain permission for transporting the soil from the Department of Mines and Geology or local bodies as applicable, along with the mutual agreement with the land owner in case of private lands. v. Contractor would obtain permission for extracting boulders before quarrying; if the extraction of the boulder is being procured from the existing quarry/supplier, it shall be ensured that, the requisite license/ lease has been obtained from the concerned Authority. vi. Contractor would obtain permission for extracting sand before quarrying ; if the extraction of boulder is being procured from the existing quarry/supplier, it shall be ensured that the requisite license/ lease has been obtained from the concerned Authority. • Permission from Commissioner of Explosives - If the Contractor stores diesel or stores blasting materials he has to obtain permission or if procuring or executing through vendors he must ensure that the vendor has obtained permission.

12 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Permission from District Health Officer - Contractor would obtain permission for establishing labour camps. • Pollution under Control Certificates - Vehicles and machineries engaged in the construction of the project will comply with the Motors Vehicle act and will be required to obtain pollution under control certificate. • Clearance of Encroachments - There are encroachments which need to be addressed as per R & R policy of the government and ADB, SIO, DoWR may ensure there won’t be any issues pertaining to the resettlement before handing over the site to the contractor.

13 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI III. PROJECT DESCRI PTI ON A. Type and need of the Project

51. The Pattamundai irrigation Subproject is in the flat, low-lying delta region in the Lower Mahanadi river basin. It offtakes from Kendrapada canal birfurcation structure at RD 2.90 km, 20o 25’ 45”N, 85o 58’ 17”E. The Kendrapada main canal offtakes from the Mahanadi Barrage at Cuttack, 20o.28’ 46”N, 85o.54’76”E. 52. The 80.50km long Pattamundai Main canal runs parallel to the Birupa river for much of its length and inspection is facilitated by the National Highway 5A and Cuttack-Pattamundai road. The command area is bounded by the Birupa and Brahmani rivers to the North and west, the Gobari nullah to the south, and the Saluan nallah to the east. Smaller natural drainage nullahs within the command area facilitate drainage to the Bay of Bengal. The Kendrapada Canal scheme lies to the south and west of Pattamundai command. 53. The command area of the Pattamundai scheme, currently about 32,693ha, extends over eight blocks in three districts: (i) Mahanga, Salepur, Tangi blocks in Cuttack District, and (ii) Derabish, Kendrapara, Pattamundai, Mahakalpara blocks in Kendrapara District and Barachana block in Jajpur District and index map showing the ayacut area of the subproject is enclosed as Annexure . 54. The Mahandadi delta is densely populated and extends over 100 km from Cuttack to the Bay of Bengal. Over 300,000ha is irrigated through major canal systems (Taladanda, Machhagan, High Level Canal-1 and Kendrapara) which off take at Mahanadi and the adjacent weir on the Birupa. The lower part of the delta is within the tidal influence zone with a tidal range of up to 2 m. 55. The Subproject is located within the upper delta, predominantly a freshwater zone. The Mahanadi contributes freshwater to Chilika Lake5 through tributaries of Kathjori river offtaking just downstream Naraj barrage. Flows downstream of the Mahanadi barrage contribute to environmental sustainability of the delta area. Although no comprehensive study has been undertaken to quantify requirements for these two areas, the Mahanadi River Basin Plan (2004) provides an indicative value of 150m3/s as the minimum environmental flow requirement downstream of Mahanadi barrage. 56. The old canal system has not been renovated since long except some minor repair out of O & M grant. The paucity of funds stands a bar in taking up major renovation work. Lack of maintenance and renovation causes uneven & ill distribution of water, thus affecting the efficiency of irrigation. The uneven distribution of water leads to tampering of regulating devices by the public with a view to get more water. It is proposed to improve the regulation devices along with the controlling & regulating structures. The main canal and distributaries are silted reducing their carrying capacities. Several other problems such as percolation losses, obstruction of water-way due to weak and under-section canal embankments and damaged & defunct controlling and regulating structures leads to heavy loss of canal water and there by supply of irrigation water to the entire ayacut is affected.

B. Category of the project

57. This project does not have any major environmentally sensitive issues. There are no reserved forest, wild life sanctuaries, eco-sensitive zones, protected monuments, endangered or exotic species of plants or animals in the region. There are some rehabilitation problems addressed in the Resettlement Plan. This project is classified as category B as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

5 Chilika Lake is a part freshwater part saline water estuarine lagoon located along the Orissa coast. Freshwater supplies are entirely dependent on Mahanadi river. The lake was declared a Ramsar site in 1981.

14 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

C. Scope of work

58. The difficulties inherent in operating and maintaining the existing system, coupled with no major rehabilitation or upgrading since original construction, has resulted in most of the command area getting little irrigation water. So, rehabilitation project of Pattamundai canal is absolutely necessary for economic upliftment of villagers of Cuttack, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts of Odisha. D. Scheme Development History

59. Pattamundai was designed and built foremost as a navigation canal in the mid-19th Century, connecting rivers Mahanadi and Brahmani and extending from Cuttack city to Alava Lock on Brahmani serving the Cuttack, Jajpur & Kendrapara area. It was an East India Company commercial project. The Company started construction but sold the project to the British Government in 1871. The British Government expanded the scope and completed the scheme. 60. Pattamundai and other early irrigation developments to safeguard against famine are collectively known as the Mahanadi Delta Stage-I project. With construction in the Mahanadi middle basin of Hirakud reservoir in 1946-1957, additional perennial water came available. Irrigation scheme coverage was extended into Puri district in developments collectively known as the Mahanadi Delta Stage-II Project. 61. Navigation use declined leaving a main canal system conveying silt-laden water for irrigation. Maintenance of lock gates ceased and they fell into disrepair. However the irrigation infrastructure has been maintained with modest improvements over the year. The lock diversion weirs were gated and adapted to regulate water for irrigation, but remain ill suited to this purpose. 62. The total area covered by the scheme is about 60,500ha, and the original CCA was 51,460ha. With growth of villages and commercial development the current command area is estimated at 32,693ha (including Birupa-Genguti system). 63. Irrigation canal water supplements rainfall. In kharif most (>90%) of the command area receives canal water and paddy is the dominant crop. Follow on Rabi crops, dominated by gram, rely heavily of soil moisture available following harvest of the paddy crop. 64. Subproject infrastructure includes: (i) Mahanadi barrage complex (ii) Pattamundai canal system comprising a main canal and distributary and minor canals (iii) Canal structures including road bridges, regulators and cross drainage structures (iv) Watercourse and (field) outlets (v) Drainage system (vi) Flood embankments

E. Mahanadi Barrage Complex

65. The river bifurcates into two just upstream of Naraj barrage: (i) Mahanadi; and (ii) Kathjori. The Mahanadi further divides into the Mahanadi and the Birupa rivers. These three principal branches of the Mahanadi sub-divide into numerous branches forming an extensive fertile delta of about 9,000 km2.

66. Three barrages across these main river branches form a common pond for off takinganals. The barrage is just upstream of Cuttack city at Naraj; the Mahanadi barrage and Birupa barrages are near the downstream end of Cuttack, across the Mahandi and Birupa rivers

15 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI respectively. The Mahanadi is by far the largest of the three barrages with 95 bays, compared with 46 bays for Naraj and just 15 for Birupa. 67. Three canals offtake from the Mahanadi-Birupa pond: (i) HLC-1 on the left bank of the Birupa; (ii) Kendrapara on the left bank of the Mahanadi; and (iii) Taladanda on the right bank of the Mahanadi. Salient features of the Mahanadi barrage are tabulated below.

Table 2: Salient Features of Mahanadi Barrage No Description Dimensions 1. Catchment area (Total) 1,32,085 Sq. km. at Naraj 2. Pond Level 21.20 m. (M) 3. Design Flood 15,300 (m3/sec) 4. Length 1928 m. 5. Number of bay’s (Spillway) 79 nos. of 18.0 m. X 2.85 m. 6. Number of under sluice bay’s 16 nos. of 18 m. X 5.35 m. 7. Year of Construction 1990 8. Nos. of Vents of HR 4 nos. of 10m X 2.95m. 9. HR Design Capacity 142 m3/sec Source: DoWR, March 2007

68. The barrages are in reasonable condition and no works on these are included in the subproject.

F. Description of the Canal System and scope of Work

1. General 69. The Pattamundai canal is passing through crop lands of deltaic region and it passes in most the sections in parallel to Birupa river. The 80.5 km long Pattamundai main canal takes off from the Kendrapara main at RD 2.90km. The Pattamundai canal system consists of 13 distributaries6, 40 minors and 115 sub-minor canals. Salient features of the canal system are tabulated in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Pattamundai Canal Scheme No Description 1 Original Command area 51,460ha 2 Revised (2008) command area( including B-G system) 32,693ha 3 Revised Design Discharge (2008) 36.0m3/s 4 Length of Main canal 80.500 km 5 Distributary Canals off taking from Main canal 08 6 Minors off taking from Main canal 16 7 Sub-minors off taking from Main canal 21 8 Field channels offtaking from main canal 133 9 No. of locks (cross regulator falls) 09 10 No. of Escapes 02 11 Total number of outlets in command area 2,065 12 Average command area per outlet 16 ha Pattamundai Main Canal 70. The head regulator for Pattamundai at the bifurcation has a (design) capacity of 36.00m3/s through six gated sluiceways. Each sluiceway has 1 gate. 71. The 80.5km long main canal is aligned along or quite close to the right bank of Birupa and Bramhani rivers, following high ground, and its left bank forms the right bank embankment of the Birupa and Bramhani river in its entire reaches. The canal is largely unlined. Some

6 Based on DoWR guide lines for classification of canals

16 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI reaches pass through coarse sandy material and seepage and canal bank stability is threatened. Classification of Canals under OIIAWMIP 72. Classification of canals in accordance to discharge is necessary because: (i) the works and O&M of main, branch & distributary canals will remain the responsibility of the DoWR; While (ii) O &M of minors and sub-minor system will become responsibility of the PPs in accordance with the PIM Act, 2002 and Rules, 2003. Canal classification adopted under the OIIAWMIP is in Table 4. Table 4: Showing Canal Categorization No Name of Canal Category of Discharge Typical Command O&M Canal (m3/s) Area (ha) Responsibility Main System Infrastructure: O & M DoWR 1 Varies: Main/ Branch/ Main Canal/ >10 15,000 to DoWR ( Appex Distributary Branch 40,000 and Distributary Canal Level PPs 2 Distributary 1.0 - 10.0 1,500 to 15,000 Minor System Infrastructure: O & M (WUAs) 3 Distributary/ Minor/ Minor 0.2 – 1.0 250 to 1,500 PP Irrigator 4 Sub-minor/ Water Sub-minor/ 0.04 – 0.20 40 - 250 (Chak) Group courses Water Course On- farm System Infrastructure: O &M by PP ( Irrigator Group) ( Field system only to be developed if desired by PP for warabundi) 5 CAD / Field Channels Field 0.030-0.040 30 – 40 ( Chak / PP Irrigator Channels Sub- Chak Group 6 Lateral 0.010 – 0.030 2 to 8 ( Sub- Farmers Channel Chak 73. In the sub-project as per the above classification it has 1nos of main canal, 13 nos of distributaries, 33 no.s of minors and 28 no.s of sub-minors Land use and Right of Way (ROW) of the canal system 74. Pattamundai canal mainly passes through the agricultural lands, at places in crosses small nallas, roads and passes adjacent to the settlements in certain sections of the canals. 75. The available existing acquired land for the canal i.e. Right Of Way (ROW) for the main canal ranges from 88 to 92 m, ( i.e. 44 to 46 m on either sides of the main canal from the centre). No additional land acquisition is required. Resectioning of the main canal has been proposed under this sub-project, the L.S and D.S has been approved by the Chief Engineer Design on 25.05.2011 (As per Detailed estimate for Pattamundai Oct. 2011). A typical design cross section of the main canal at RD 36.8 km is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: A typical design cross section of the main canal at RD 36.8 km

15 14 13 -17.50 -12.50 12 12.50 15.50 11 10 -7.93 9 07.93 -23.41 8 21.41 7 6 5 -25-24-23-22-21-20-19-18-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678910111213141516171819202122232425

17 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Distributary, Minor and sub-minor Canal Systems 76. There are 8 distributaries, 16 minors and 21sub-minor canals off-taking from the Main canal. These feed the command area. 77. For some decades the distributary canals have operated below design flow and consequently many have silted up and lost prism shape. Also vehicle access along most of the distributary canals is poor due to bank erosion and farmer cuts. 78. In the distributaries the approximate available acquired land is ranging from 12 to 22 m from the centre from both sides and in the minors its around 10m from the centre on both sides. No additional land acquisition is required. Resectioning of the distributaries and minors and sub-minor canals has been proposed under this sub-project. Main Canal Structures 79. Existing main canal structures as per DPR October 2011 are tabulated in Table 5 and described below.

Table 5: Main Canal Structures No Type of structure No of structures 1 Cross Regulators 9 2 Escapes 2 3 Cross Drain Structure / Drainage Syphon 12 4 Head regulators 38 5 Village Road Bridges 29 6 New Village Road Bridges (proposed) 26 7 VRB cum CR 2 8 Bathing Ghats 22 9 Fall 2 10 Field Outlets 140

A. Main Canal - Head and Cross Regulators

80. There are 38 head regulators in the main canal supplying water to distributary and minor canals. Most of these were constructed in brick with manually operated vertical lift steel gates or stop logs to close off orifice flow through the structure. None have gauges in working order and offtake flows are not measured. The largest head regulator is for distributary Number 16 (original design flow 3.8 m3/s). This is a two span-gated orifice structure. 81. While the brickwork for these structures remains sound, the overall condition is poor, particularly with respect to gates, gauges and flow measurement ability. So the repair of 38 head regulators is proposed under the project. 82. The existing nine cross regulators are: (i) Rameswar C/R(RD 15.30km); (ii) Triveniswar C/R(RD 24.05km), (iii) Nrutanga C/R(RD 26.295km), (iv) Balichandrapur C/R(RD 36.85km) ,(v) Benipur C/R(RD 48.875km) ,(vi) Charpada Weir(RD 56.007km) ,(vii) C/R at D/S of Dist-12 (RD 63.648km) ,(viii) Pattamundai Weir(RD 76.44km) &(ix) Alava Lock (RD 80.500km). 83. The main canal head regulator and the nine cross regulators are similar in design. The piers, abutment and wing walls were all constructed from laterite blocks. Over the years gates have been provided, the steel joist supported timber deck bridges replaced / strengthened with RCC, and the downstream cistern (apron) floor of stone masonry covered with concrete. In all cases the laterite blocks are in admirable condition except some minor damage. The existing 38 head regulators and nine cross regulators repair would be taken up under the project.

18 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI B. Escapes

84. There is only one escape in the main canal at RD 24. km discharging into the Birupa river. However there exists another canal escape at RD 8.25 km of Gobari Extension Canal located near tail end of main canal. These two structure quite old and repair of wing wall and replacement of gates are proposed under the project C. Cross Drainage Structure

85. There are twelve cross drainage / drainage siphons out this only eleven are to be repaired located at RD 14.22, 22.373, 28.700, 34.415, 41.769,46.980 ,51.700 ,57.559 ,61.027 ,67.842 & 72.72 km. These are old concrete hume pipe constructions and need replacement. D. Road Bridges

86. There are 48 existing bridges on the main canal which includes 23 number wooden constructions. Ten numbers of existing bridges would be repaired and 26 new numbers of new bridges are proposed under the project which includes replacement of existing wooden bridges. E. Field Outlets

87. There are 140 direct field outlets from the main canal. Where possible these should be closed off to facilitate equitable supply of measured flows to PPs. Out of these 140 outlets 82 outlets are proposed for repair.

F. Distributary System Structures

88. The schematic diagram showing the distribution system is enclosed as Annexure 3. Distributary system structures are mostly brick constructions in need of major repair or replacement. The summary of total structures that are to be repaired, renovated and new construction proposed are shown in Table 6 below: Table 6: List of Structures to be Repaired and New Construction

S.No Type of Structure Total as per To be Repaired New Inventory Construction / Renovation 1 Head Regulator 138 110 24 2 V.R Bridge 335 205 79 3 Fall 19 7 1 4 Aqueduct 15 10 0 5 Canal syphon 6 6 3 6 Drainage Syphon / CD 278 230 46 7 Escape 6 6 1 8 Cross Regulator 44 40 2 9 CR cum Escape 5 3 2 10 VRB cum Fall 4 4 0 11 VRB cum CR 4 0 0 12 Outlet 2147 1691 464 (Source: DPR Pattamundai Oct. 2011)

G. Bathing Ghats

89. The repair and renovation of 60 bathing ghats of the main canal and 30 number of new bathing ghats are proposed in the distributaries under the project.

19 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI H. Earth work and Turfing

90. Earth work in the main canal, distributaries, minors and sub-minors would be carried out for resection of the canals. Most of the canal sections have eroded over period resulting in under section due to rain cuts and failure of slopes in many places, hence it is necessary to strengthen the canal banks to its design section. This involves filling of the earth material, the approx. quantities required in the main canal is around 17.57 lakh cum and for distributaries, minors and sub-minors it requires approx. 4.13 lakh cum. 91. The canal system uptake from the barrage in the deltaic region and the river carries a lot of silt in the rainy season and the same is deposited in the canal bed over the years resulting in increased bed level and reducing the flow. So in order to bring back the canal to its design bed level requires desilting and cutting of canal bed. The approximate quantity of cutting would be around 2.6 lakh cum in the main canal and approx. 7.5 lakhs cum in the distributaries, minors and sub-minors. The 40 % of this quantity will be reused in the filling material. 92. Provision for compaction of the main canals has been built under the project by Powered Road Roller (PRR) and the ordinary compaction to be done in distributaries, minor and sub-minors. 93. In the sections of the canal where earth work has been completed a provision for turfing has been made, I. Linning

94. In the vulnerable reaches of the main canal and upstream and downstream of structure locations a provision for lining is built in the project. J. Service roads

95. A provision for improvement of service road is built in to the sub-project for a length of 11.57 km out of which 6 km length is of black topping. K. Drilling of bore wells

96. A provision for drilling 50 number of tube wells along the entire of length of main canal and its distribution system was kept to provide water during canal closure period. L. Construction Materials

97. The below are the list of provisional construction materials that the Contractor may need to procure for the sub-project. The preliminary estimate provides a provision to approximate carriage and conveyance of materials i.e. lead distance involved are given below and the quarry map showing the locations are shown in Annexure -4. 98. The estimate provides a provision for carriage and conveyance i.e. lead distance involved: ¾ Cement, steel and wood (shuttering and centering) shall be procured from a approx. distance of 58 km i..e Cuttack town. ¾ Granite products shall be procured from the quarry Haridaspur the lead provided is 92 kms. Hard stone other than granite shall be procured from Neulpur from 87 km. In addition the tentative list of approved crushers (State Pollution Control Board )available within the lead distance are as:

¾ Tapti Tie-up Pvt. Ltd.,At : Barada & Dankari,PO – Mahisara,Dist: Jajpur ¾ RSS Infrastructure Projects Ltd.,At Dankari., P.O. Mahisara, Dist: Jajpur ¾ Chitra Builders (P) Ltd., Plot . No- D-7, At: Ranasinghabati Tahasil- Dharmasala, Dist: Jajpur ¾ Anand Exports ( Crusher unit), Nimpalli, Golagaon, Jajpur

20 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ¾ Rout Stone Crushers, At. Godisahi, Cuttack

¾ Laterite Stone, gravel and morum shall be procured from Bairi – 78 km away. ¾ Sand shall be procured from a distance of 19 km from the river Mahanadi ¾ Bricks shall be procured from a distance of 15 km from Chandikhol. ¾ Earth may be procured by the contractor from private lands; the estimate has a provision for hiring earth from private lands. The contractor before commencement of works shall identify the borrow areas and take approval from the SIO. The EMP for the subproject stipulates the criteria of selection for borrow areas to avoid any damage to the environment.. Contractor would try to procure earth within lead of 5 km length of the canal system in small quantities.

M. Disposal of Debris & Spoil

99. The material generated from dismantling old structures shall be reused to the possible extent. Any materials like wood or iron would be taken in to the dead stock of water resources department and auctioned by the competent authority. 100. The generated cutting material suitable for the filling shall be utilized to the possible extent. The remaining material (silt) generated shall be tested for suitability and necessary material testing shall be carried out it shall be utilized in the spoil banks of the existing canal and in the low lying sections of the Dowel Bundh on the canal bank which acts as flood protected embankment of river Birupa with in the available ROW after carrying out suitability and necessary testing of the material . However, if any additional material is generated it would be disposed by identifying a suitable places like old borrow areas, quarry sites and low lying govt. land by taking appropriate permission from the SIO and competent authority. The silt shall be tested for heavy metals and pesticide residues also before disposal. N. Access roads

101. The sub-project is well connected with the exiting PWD roads and National highway ( NH-5 and NH-5A) and in addition the canal service road serve as connecting roads in the project area. These roads can be utilized for transporting the material to the project site. However, the access service roads would be maintained if necessary by the contractor while transporting the material. O. Plantation

102. To increase the aesthetic value of the area and also to compensate any tree loss that may arise due to unavoidable tree cutting, the subproject is built with a provision for 8050 trees plantation in the area i.e. along the canal.

P. Existing Drainage System in the project area

1. Regional Drainage

103. The Pattamundai together with the Kendrapara system falls in the Mahanadi Chitrotpala Luna Birupa Brahmani Doab II drainage system, one of 17 drainage doabs draining the coatal belt of Odisha. This doab is bounded by river Birupa and Brahmani on North and the Chithotpala-Luna on South. The GCA of the Doab is about 98,225ha, the irrigation command area about 64,665ha and the drainage congested area about 24,075ha. Gobari drainage sub- system is the principal system within the Doab II. 2. Drainage of Pattamundai Command Area 104. The existing surface drainage system comprises: (i) natural nullah channels, many of which have been improved and make more effective with secondary drains and cross drainage

21 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI structures; and (ii) new drainage channels or cuts. Excess rainfall falling on the right bank of the Pattamundai main canal drains southwards to the Gobari river system. The left bank forms the river embankment of Birupa/Brahmani Rivers and the small command lying to the left drains to these rivers. 105. These rivers / channels / nullahs lead drainage flows from the command area into Gobari main drain finally leading to the Bay of Bengal. 106. Smaller natural drainage nullahs drain water from within the command area, and form natural boundaries to distributary canal commands. Man-made drainage cuts have been excavated to link the natural nullahs. Principal drainage cuts are (i) Sedhajore Bisibilipat Drainage cut (ii) Tamilia (iii) Pat (iv) Dhumatpat to Bisibilpat (v) Sobalatanila (vi) Gondhakul, Kataramal (vii) Osangara to Kataramal (viii) Malagagan to San krupa (ix) Baulaga (x) Napanga 107. Bridges have been built over the drainage cuts. To prevent back up of water in the nullahs and drains during high tides and storm surges, some bunds and sluices have been constructed towards the coast, or are planned. Q. Flood Embankments

108. The Mahanadi Brahmani Baitarani delta experiences frequent major floods, particularly when flood levels are exacerbated by storm surges increasing sea levels. The construction of Hirakud reservoir in 1957 and Rengali reservoir in 1980 moderate peak flows in the delta and also allows flows to be accurately gauged and flood warnings issued. 109. The Pattamundai command is protected by a flood embankment on the right bank of the Birupa and Bramhani rivers, which also forms the left embankment of the Pattamundai main canal. 110. The earthen / stone protected flood embankments of the Mahanadi river and its branches were designed for a flood of 9 lakh cusecs (25,480 m3/s) measured at the head of delta. Floods higher than this threaten marginal embankments. Data collected from DoWR from 1967 to 2006 show that the design flood has been exceeded in 16 out of 40 years. Flood peaks larger than 35,000 m3/sec occurred 4 times. Brahmani flood embankments are designed for a flood peak of 4 lakh cusecs. R. Implementation Arrangement

111. Procurement of civil works for the sub-project related to main canal, distributaries and minors shall be divided into different contract packages and tendered. Water Resources Department through PMU in consultation through the concerned C.E’s/ S.E/E.Es as per the provisions of OPWD code and in line with ADBs procurement policy shall call for tenders and through national competitive bidding, different contractors shall be selected and they will be executing the civil works under the supervision of respective Subproject Implementing Officers (SIOs). 112. For sub-minors execution of civil work shall be carried out by different Water Users Associations (PPs) of the respective subproject through an agreement between SIO / Executive Engineer of the respective sub-project.

22 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI S. Onfarm Development Works (OFD)

113. The onfarm development works include watercourses, field channels and field drains. In the traditional system of irrigation the responsibility of distribution system ends at outlet. So distribution of water beyond the outlets remains the responsibility of the farmers. OFD works under Jajpur sub-project command area had been contemplated to be taken up separately insteps by Command Area Development (CAD) wing of Water Resources Department separately in consultation with the farmers of the concerned WUAs. The CAD water management activities will be funded by the OSG through the centrally sponsored program (CSP) for CAD works without availing OIIAWMIP funds.

23 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI I V. DESCRI PTI ON OF THE ENVI RONMENT 114. The baseline environmental status of the project area is described in this section. A. Physical Resources

1 . Climate

A. Climatic Zone

115. The Pattamundai command area is within two Agro-Climatic Zones namely ‘East and South Eastern Coastal Plain’ (Kendrapada and Cuttack districts) and ‘North Eastern Coastal Plain’ (Jajpur district). ‘East and South Eastern Coastal Plain’ Agro-Climatic Zone is characterised by hot and humid climate, with mean annual rainfall of 1,577 mm, mean summer maximum of 39oC and mean winter minimum of 11.5oC; and ‘North Eastern Coastal Plain’ Agro- Climatic Zone is characterised by moist sub-humid climate, with mean annual rainfall of 1,568 mm, mean summer maximum of 36oC and mean winter minimum of 14.8oC;. B. Rainfall

116. Rainfall from the south-west monsoon occurs from early June to October. Over 10 years from 2004 to 2013 at Pattamundai sub project covered blocks (Table 7), average annual rainfall is around 1635.38mm the rainfall varies from block to block lowest reported in 1505 mm in Derabish block of Kendrapara district and highest in 1869 mm in Mahanga block of Cuttacj district. The distribution is as follows: (i) 1,027mm (96%) during the monsoon (ii) 26mm (2.5%) during the pre-monsoon months of February to May; and (iii) 12mm (1.5%) during the post monsoon period from November to January. The average number of rainfall days was 70 per annum, varying from 115 days in 2001 to just 29 days in 1996. During the monsoon months, the average number of rainfall days was 66, varying from 85 to just 14days. Average number of rainfall days during the pre-monsoon months from February to May was 3, varying from 0 to just 25 days. 117. Using data from all two stations, annual rainfall values with probabilities of exceedance of 75%, 50%, and 25% were 671mm, 962mm and 1,278mm respectively.

Table 7: : Rainfall Data, Pattamundai 2004-2013 ( Rainfall in mm) Year Cuttack District Jajpur Kendrapara District District Mahan Salipur Tangi Badchana Kendrapara Derabish Mahakal Patamundei ga pada 2004 1928 1217 1469 1355 1627 1676.5 1396 1476 2005 2219 1454 1729 1422 1761 1980 1827 1962 2006 2401 1769 2260 1599 1647 1590 1509 1429 2007 2343 1951 1729 1900 1595.2 1144.3 1719 1761 2008 2212 1647 1532 1469 1636.5 1597.3 1751 1502 2009 2395 1554 2884 1683 1637 1773 1690 1627 2010 1314 1274 1206 1428 1126 1249.5 1180 1285 2011 1448 1612 1493 879 1849.5 1847 1393 1348 2012 1037 1489 853 1502 1223 916.5 1180 1436 2013 1397 1288 3149 1816 2032 2077 1732 2336 Avg 1869.4 1525.5 1830.4 1505.3 1613.42 1585.11 1537.7 1616.2 . (Source: Special Relief Commissioner, Bhubaneswar)

118. From1965 – 2012 Odisha experienced nearly 17 droughts. This is in part due to low rainfall in these years, but also due to the erratic nature of rainfall within a year. For example in the 2000 drought year monsoon rainfall was 755mm (58% of the average of 1304 mm) but

24 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI monthly deviations were June 260 mm (126%), July 172mm (55%), August 180 mm (48%), September 64 mm (28%), October 79 mm (43%). The rainfall pattern caused crop loss and depressed yields. Out of 52 years only 13 years have been normal years, this almost puts the state with a 75% probability of being visited by natural calamity of any kind as per status of agriculture in Odisha, Directorate of Agriculture, Odisha. 119. Rainfall in the command area can be intense, leading to extensive flooding in low-lying areas mostly adjacent to the nullahs, particularly if water tables are high and paddy fields already ponded at the onset of the rainstorm.

C. Temperature and Humidity

120. Temperature varies with minimums ranging from 12oC to 16oC and maximums from 34oC to 44oC. Relative humidity varies from 67% in summer to 90% during the monsoon shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Mean Monthly Temperatures and Relative Humidity, Cuttack

Month Average Temperatures Relative Humidity

Max oC Min oC % at 08.30 hrs % at 17.30 hrs

1 2 3 4 6 January 33.9 7.5 75.8 53.9 February 37.9 8.5 77.2 51.9 March 41.1 16.0 75.0 52.3 April 42.5 13.5 73.8 58.3 May 44.1 16.5 73.6 64.0 June 43.1 18.5 78.9 72.7 July 37.6 18.5 79.9 76.5 August 39.1 18.5 81.4 76.0 September 41.1 17.5 78.7 72.6 October 36.7 16.5 74.8 69.1 November 36.4 10.5 72.0 62.1 December 33.7 10.0 70.5 55.5 Source: DoWR, and CTA calculations D. Evaporation 121. Class A pan evaporation data is available at Cuttack meteorological station and has been used to estimate crop water requirements.

122. Rainfall in command area and evaporation at Cuttack is shown in the figure below. Evaporation is well above rainfall during Rabi, and the reverse in Kharif.

25 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Figure 3: Monthly Rainfall & Evaporation

Rainfall and pan Evaporation

350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 Pan Evaporation 150.00 Average Rainfall 100.00 50.00 Rainfall/Pan Evap (mm) Evap Rainfall/Pan 0.00 02468101214 Month of the Year

E. Physiographic, Soils, Geology and Land use i. Physiography

123. The scheme area is very flat without much undulation. Elevations vary from about 20m at the head of the scheme in the north-west to about 1m in the tail of the command area to the south-east, about 80km distance. The average slope is about 1 in 4,000. There are no hills but some natural nullahs in the command area, most from north to south. These nullahs have insufficient capacity to drain storm water. There are eight major and several minor drainage cuts draining water to south mostly to the Gobari Drain forming the southern boundary of the command area. The Gobari main drain does not have enough capacity and excess water accumulates on the lower parts of the ‘doabs’ (the land between Birupa- Brahmani and Gobari nullah) for periods of 1-3 weeks. 124. Information shows the area of high, middle and low land in the area, a weighted average, based on the area by Block, for the Pattamundai subproject Command Area. The command has about 8% of high land, 49% of medium land and 43% of low land (weighted by area in blocks). Generally lighter, sandy soils are found in the high and medium land, whilst low land consists of heavier, impermeable, clays, but with higher moisture retention.

Table 9: Land Distribution by Elevation Area High Medium Low Block (‘000’ha) (%) (%) (%) Badachana 17 386 Derabish 13 193 Kendrapada 16 187 Pattamundai 20 2 7 11 Mahakalapada 27 1 14 12 Tangi 19 3 6 10 Salipur 16 1123 Mahanga 13 175 Pattamundai Command 29.915 8 49 43 Source: “A Profile on Agriculture in Odisha-2006”, Published by the DA&FP, Odisha.

125. Land elevation controls the feasible cropping patterns. High and medium land permits short and medium duration high yielding varieties of paddy, vegetable crops and maize in the Kharif season, and light and medium duty commercial crops in Rabi. Land preparation and planting of paddy rice requires availability of substantial pre irrigation.

26 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ii. Soils

126. The soils in the subproject command have been classified as Clay loam, Lateritic, Sandy loam, Alluvial loam, Coastal alluvial loam and Mixed red and black soils. Saline soils are noticed in some parts of Mahakalapada block in Kendrapada district. 127. The soils in the region are permeable to moderately permeable. Availability of organic nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium is medium (Table 10). Soils in many areas are acidic and needs treatment to obtain maximum productivity from groundnut, some vegetables, potato and sugarcane. The soils are suitable for most of the commercial and economically important crops.

Table 10: Soil Reaction and Nutrient Availability in Subproject Area

Soil reaction Nutrient availability (% of area) Acid Neutral Alkaline Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium 96 4 0 Medium Medium Medium Source: Mitra, G.N et al: Macro and Micro Nutrient Soils of Odisha. Published by IFFCO, December 2002.

128. The District Agriculture Office is encouraging farmers to test their soils to determine fertilizer requirements for different crops. Farmers are interested in soil testing and 1808 tests were undertaken in the sub project Blocks in 2006-7 and soil health cards issued to the farmers. The OSG has made soil testing facilities available in every Block from 2006, apart from the district and state soil testing laboratories that are equipped for more number of samples and for higher quality tests. Presently one soil testing kit has been supplied to each Junior Agriculture Officer in the Blocks. iii. Geology

129. The oldest rocks found in the study area are Khondalites, Charnockites and Granite Gneiss. Khondalites is mainly found in Jajpur and Kendrapada districts while the Granite Gneiss are found in the north of Mahanadi basin of Cuttack District. iv. Land use

130. Land use pattern of Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada districts is shown in Table 11 and Figures 4, 5 & 6. Table 11: Land Use Pattern in Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada Districts

No. Land Utilization Cuttack District Jajpur District Kendrapara District Area in % to Area in ‘000 % to Area in % to ‘000 ha Geogra ha Geograp ‘000 ha Geographi phical hical cal area area area 1 Forest are 79 20.10 72 24.83 25 9.47 2 Mis. Trees & 11 2.79 4 1.38 5 1.89 Grooves 3 Permanent 11 2.79 4 1.38 8 3.03 pastures 4 Culturable waste 10 2.54 4 1.38 6 2.27 5 Land put to non - 83 21.12 51 17.59 49 18.56 agriculture

27 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI No. Land Utilization Cuttack District Jajpur District Kendrapara District Area in % to Area in ‘000 % to Area in % to ‘000 ha Geogra ha Geograp ‘000 ha Geographi phical hical cal area area area 6 Barren & 10 2.54 5 1.72 5 1.89 unculturable land 7 Current Fallow 25 6.36 7 2.41 12 4.54 8 Other Fallow 1 0.25 5 1.72 14 5.30 9 Net Sown Area 163 41.47 138 47.58 140 53.03 10 Geographical Area 393 100 290 100 264 100

(Source: Odisha, Agricultural Statistics 2012 - 2013)

Figure 4: Land Use Pattern in Cuttack District

Forest are Mis. Trees & Grooves 25% Permanent pastures Culturable waste 1% 48% Land put to non ‐agriculture 1% Barren & unculturable land 1% Current Fallow 18% Other Falllow Net Sown Area

2% 2% 2%

Figure 5: Land Use Pattern in Jajpur District

28 2% 9% 3% Foreste ar 2% Mis. Trees & Grooves Permanent pastures Culturable waste

19% Landt pu to non ‐agriculture 53% Barren & unculturable land Current Fallow Other Fallow 5% 2% 5% Netn Sow Area

Figure 6: Land Use Pattern in Kendrapada District

131. Block wise land use for the blocks fallen within the command areas of Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada districts are shown in Table 12 below. It is noted from the table that agricultural / cropping land is the predominant land use within the blocks. Table 12 : Block wise land use Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapada District (Area in ha)

Sl Category Cuttack District Jajpur Kendrapada District No District Tangi Salipur Mahan Badac Derab Kendr Patta Mahak ga hana ish apara munda alpada i 1 Forest Area 1538 3 0 3175 0 0 0 2210 2 Misc. Tree crops & 450 414 435 974 279 210 50 558 groves not included in net area sown 3 Permanent pastre 1590 788 574 1669 696 932 1233 2847 and other grazing lands 4 Culturable waste 3923 452 446 1648 173 41 223 1099 5 Land put to non- 4622 9430 4270 5921 3469 4713 3605 10348 agricultural uses 6 Barren and non- 1794 0 537 2126 0 0 0 1292 cultivable land 7 Current fallows 2784 286 677 1018 1105 1152 1566 1364 8 Old fallows 2098 822 592 1813 335 161 470 2557 9 Net Area sown 13475 12147 13047 19472 11119 15921 18602 25811 10 Total Area under 32274 24342 20578 37816 17176 23130 25749 48086 survey

Note; The Estimate excludes Urban area, Reserve Forests project Area, Protected Forests, Hill Block, Village submerged under river and sea (Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Odisha- District Statistical Handbook, 2009)

29 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI F. Ambient Air Quality

132. The Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Board maintain database on the ambient air quality of the state. However, such database is limited to major cities/ urban centres and some selected industrial areas. No secondary data is available for the project districts particularly representing the rural areas. 133. Along the proposed canal construction proposals, neither there is any industrial activity nor significant vehicular traffic contributing to air pollution. Therefore the ambient air quality is expected to be within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for all parameters (oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbaon, benzene, carbon monoxide) excepting the dust or particulate matter. The occasional vehicular movement on unpaved roads lead to formation of dust clouds over short periods The airborne dust increases the concentration of both the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM< 10 micron) beyond the limits of the NAAQS.

G. Earthquake Zone / Sensitivity

The Bureau of Indian Standards has categorized the entire India into 5 seismic zones depending upon the degree of proneness to earthquakes. The Zone I signify lesser degree while Zone V is of highest order. The northern and southern most parts of Odisha are classified as Zone I and remaining parts of the state are classified under Zone II & Zone III. The subproject falls under earthquake risk zone –III (moderate damage risk zone) Figure -5.

(Source: Odisha State Disaster Management Authority website) Figure 7 :Earth Quake Zones of Odisha

30 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI H. Regional Drainage

134. Drainage pattern of the canal region is discussed under Section I of Chapter 3.

135. Regional drainage of the canal area falls in Mahanadi – Chitrotpala – Luna- Birupa – Brahmani Doab – II. The short description of doab given below. 136. This doab7 is bounded by the rivers Mahanadi – Chitrotpala and Luna in one side and Birupa – Badagenguti – Brahmani on the other. He gross command area (GCA) is 1.27 lakh ha. and CCA is 0.83 lakh ha. The area is irrigated by Kendrapara canal taking off from Birupa weir and running adjacent to Mahanadi river and Pattamundai canal which branches out fall Kendrapara canal, running adjacent to Brahmani river, with Gobari canal and Gobari extension canal. 137. Gobari system- This is the major drainage system of the doab having a length of 113 km. and drainage area 1,23,600 ha. The drain starts from Jagatpur and outfalls into the sea. There are 95 nos. secondary drains with a total length of 565 km. Now it is proposed to improve 113 km outfall drains along with secondary drains for a length of 452 km and link drains. I. Flood condition of Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani Basin

138. The Mahanadi delta experiences frequent major floods, particularly when flood levels are exacerbated by storm surges increasing sea levels. The construction of Hirakud reservoir in 1957 moderates peak flows in the delta and also allows flows to be accurately gauged and flood warnings issued. 139. More or less in alternate years flood condition is recorded by concerned department. Table 13 below indicates flood status of the project area of Odisha.

Table 13: List of Past flood and area damaged by Flood in Mahanadi basin Sr. Year and Rivers Affected Dist./ Area Loss/Damage Reported No. month under project area Average Average Public Utility Human Livestock 1 1960 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Not available Not Average 6 lakh (August) Brahmani and available acre of cropped Baitarani area damaged 2 1961 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Not available Not Average 0.48 (Sept) Brahmani and available lakh acre of Baitarani cropped area damaged 3 1964 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Not available Not Average 1.35 (July- Aug) Brahmani and Sambalpur available lakh acre of Baitarani cropped area damaged 4 1971 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Sundergarh 8 75 Average 3.34 (July- Oct.) Brahmani and lakh acre of Baitarani cropped area damaged 5 1974 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal Not available Not Average 2.16 (August) Brahmani and available lakh ha cropped Baitarani area damaged 6 1980 (Sept.) Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal 16 3300 Average 0.638 Brahmani and lakh ha. cropped Baitarani area damaged 7 1982 (Aug- Mahanadi Cuttack, Dhenkanal 32 6500 Average 3.0 Sept.) lakh ha. cropped area damaged 8 1984 (June Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal 7 0 Average 1 lakh

7 Doab means area surrounded in between two rivers

31 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sr. Year and Rivers Affected Dist./ Area Loss/Damage Reported No. month under project area Average Average Public Utility Human Livestock – Sept.) Brahmani and ha. of cropped Baitarani area damaged 9 1985 Mahanadi, Cuttack 3 587 Average 0.33 (Aug- Sept.) Brahmani and lakh ha. of Baitarani cropped area damaged 10 1986 Mahanadi Cuttack, Dhenkanal 3 74 Average 0.24 lakh ha. of cropped area damaged 11 1991 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal 10 229 Average 1.3 (July- Brahmani and lakh ha. of August) Baitarani cropped area damaged 12 1992 (June Mahanadi Cuttack, Dhenkanal 8 250 Average 0.8 – August) lakh ha. of cropped area damaged 13 1994 (July- Mahanadi, Cuttack, Jajpur, 10 Average 2.5 September) Brahmani Jagatsinghpur, lakh ha. of Kendrapara, Sundergarh cropped area damaged 14 1995 (May – Mahanadi Cuttack, Dhenkanal, 11 Average 3.5 November) Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, lakh ha. of Kendrapara cropped area damaged 15 1997 (June Mahanadi Cuttack, Dhenkanal, 10 17 Average 1.8 & August) Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, lakh ha. of Kendrapara, Sundergarh cropped area damaged 16 1999 (July - Mahanadi, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, 4 Average 0.8 August Brahmani, Kendrapara, Jajpur lakh ha. of Baitarani cropped area damaged 17 2001 (July- Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, 25 4537 Average 2 lakh August) Brahmani Jajpur, Jagatsingpur, ha. of cropped kendrapara, Sundergarh area damaged 18 2003 (July – Mahanadi, Cuttack, Jajpur, 14 450 Average 0.8 October) Baitarani Jagatsinghpur, lakh ha. of Kendrapara cropped area damaged 19 2006 (July – Mahanadi, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, 15 300 Average 0.6 August) Brahmani, Jajpur, Jagatsingpur, lakh ha. of Baitarani Kendrapara cropped area damaged 20 2007 (July- 27, 12, 15 districts Aug – Sept) respectively 21 2008( Jun & Subarnarekha, Angul, Balasore, Bhadrak, 110 50163 258155 houses Sept) Burhabalang, Boudh, damaged, Baitarani, Bolangir, Bargarh, 4.45 lakh Ha. Mahanadi, Cuttack, cropped area, Rushikulya, Gajpati, Jagatsinghpur, 0.14 th Ha Vansadhara Jajpur, sandcast, 651 Kendrapara, Khurda, breaches in Kalahandi, rivers, 1276 Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, breaches in Nuapara, canals. Nayagarh, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Sonepur - 22 2009( Aug & Balasore, Bhadrakh, 59 NA Rs.483.02 Cr of Sept.) Bolangir, Cuttack, Public utility Ganjam, Jajpur, damage.

32 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sr. Year and Rivers Affected Dist./ Area Loss/Damage Reported No. month under project area Average Average Public Utility Human Livestock Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Kendrapara, Koenjhar, Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh, Puri, Subarnapur, Sundargarh. 16 Districts 23 2010( Aug.) Kalahandi, Nabarangpur, 14 1454 Crop damage Koraput, Boudh, Rs.2921.2 Rayagada, Malkangiri. Hectare 24 2011( June, Subarnarekha, Angul ,Balasore,Bargarh, 82 1493 Crop damage Aug, Sept) Jalaka, Bhadrakh, Boudh, 260256.52 Mahanadi, Cuttack, Deogarh, Hectare Brahamani, Dhenkanal, Baitarani, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Budhabalanga. Jharsuguda, Kendrapara, koenjhar, Khurda, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh, Nuapada, Puri, Sambalpur, Subarnapur, Sundargarh. Districts 25 2012( Aug. Khordha, 3 Crop damage & Nov.) Khandhamal,Nayagarh,K 1061.82 alahandi & Ganjam. 5 Hectare. Districts Rs.21386.37 lakh Public utility damage 26 2013( June, Baitarani, Kalahandi ,Nabarangpur, 70 Crop damage July, Aug & Budhabalanga, Koraput, Gajapati, 12.80 Lakh Oct) Rusikulya, Rayagada, Malkangiri, Hectare. Subarnarekha & Mayurbhanj, Bhadrakh, Rs.21766.87 Jalaka. Balasore, Koenjhar, Crores Public Jajpur, Deogarh, Puri, utility damage Khordha, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh, Cuttack, Bolangir & Ganjam. 19 Districts. (Source: Official website of State of Odisha & Office of Special Relief Commissioner , Bhubaneswar) Remark : From the year 1960 to 1992 the districts mentioned in the column No.5 related to undivided 13 districts of the States of Orissa.) Note : This year 2011 had experienced severe floods in the Birupa river at RD 43.60 km of Pattamundai canal at Gopalpur i.e. 10.90 m against the danger level of 10.50 m. While the Brahmani rover recorder highest flood level of 9.54 m against the danger level of 8.50 m at Indupur at RD 58+000 km of Pattamundai canal.

J. Surface Water Resources and Quality

i. Mahanadi Basin

140. The scheme utilizes flows of the Mahanadi river through the Kendrapara canal which offtakes on the left side of the Mahanadi barrage. The river is the 6th largest in India flowing in an easterly direction from its source in Chhatishgarh to its outfall in the Bay of Bengal. The river also drains neighboring states of Maharastra, Jharkhand and Bihar to a lesser degree. The total length of the Mahanadi is 851km of which 494km is in Odisha. The catchment area of the river at the delta is 141,134km2 ,shown in Table 14.

33 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Table 14: Drainage Area of Mahanadi River by State

State Area of Drainage % of Total km2 Basin Madhya Pradesh & Chatishgarh 75,136 53.2 Maharastra 238 0.2 Jharkhand 132 0.1 Odisha 65,628 46.5 Total 141,134 100%

141. The Hirakud dam reservoir in Sambalpur district, north-west Odisha provides the only major storage of Mahanadi river flow. The dam was constructed in 1948-1957. The dam intercepts 83,400 km2 of the Mahanadi catchment and has 4,823 MCM of storage. Water is released to irrigate over 260,000ha in 4 districts and 251,000 ha in the Mahanadi delta8, and for power generation, local water supply and flood protection of 9,500 ha.

142. The Mahanadi deposits silt as it loses energy within the delta. Evidence of siltation is visible in the low-lying island formations and the braiding river channels within the flood embankments. Sediment accretion in the Mahanadi impedes drainage north from the command area. ii. Mahanadi River Flows

143. Rainfall from the south-west monsoon results in high runoff in August and September. 144. Due to low elevation, flat slopes and storm surges about a third of the Mahanadi Basin area suffers flooding and drainage congestion. Storm surges9 in the 1999 super cyclone were estimated in excess of 6-7m. Flood levels and protection embankments along rivers and nullahs are closely monitored during the monsoon. 145. CWC has a telemetry station downstream of Munduli weir (at Naraj). Hourly river flows are automatically recorded and transmitted10 in real time to the CWC at Hirakud, Bhubaneswar and Delhi. No major tributaries join the river downstream of Naraj and these data are therefore adopted as the inflows to Mahanadi barrage. 146. Annual peak flows are shown below. In recent years there have been several large flood events, in particular: 1994-95, 2001-02 and 2003-04 with 10-day flood volumes of 1,450,360ham (16,790m3/s), 1,222,220ham (14,150m3/s) and 1,011,460ham (11,710m3/s), respectively. The annual average flood for this period was 510,020ham (5,900m3/s). The design flood for the Mahanadi barrage is 15,300m3/s.

8 Data are sourced from the “3rd Spiral Study Report of Mahanadi Basin Plan (Volume-I)”, Department of Water Resources, Government of Orissa, 2001 9 Information provided in “Orissa State Water Plan (Annexures)”, Orissa Water Planning Organization, Department of Water Resources, 2004 10 The information is conveyed to DoWR Bhubaneswar via CWC and DoWR at Burla

34 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Figure 8 : Annual Flows at Naraj (000 HaM), 1969-2006

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05

iii. Water Users

147. Main river water use is for irrigation, industry and domestic water supply. In addition there is a minimal environment requirement. 148. The irrigation systems offtaking at the Mahanadi and adjacent Birupa barrages are: HLC-I, Kendrapara, Taladanda and Machhagan. Pattamundai (includes Birupa-Genguti system) and MCII systems offtake from Kendrapara Canal. Volumetric water requirements for each system are based on decadal crop water requirements for the design command areas. 149. Industrial requirements (equivalent to 7.5 cumecs) are based on current DoWR estimates11 for the main industries currently abstracting from the river and likely future demand. 150. An additional 10% utilization has been assumed for domestic consumers since much of the water supply for the major cities of Cuttack and Bhubaneswar are abstracted from the river. 151. Minimum environmental flows are 150m3/s are recommended in the Mahanadi River Basin Plan (2004)12. It is assumed that this flow is for both the Mahanadi delta downstream of Mahanadi barrage as well as for the Kathjori river offtaking at the Naraj barrage13. The Kathjori contributes freshwater to Chilika Lake through its two branches, Bhargavi and Daya. 152. Chilika lake, at the southern end of the Mahanadi delta, currently receives 45% of its fresh water inflow from the Mahanadi River during the monsoon season. Although flow from the Mahanadi is a substantial proportion of inflow to the lake, it represents less than 6% of the Mahanadi’s flow.

iv. River Water Balance

153. River water balance for the Mahanadi barrage complex has been carried out, balancing decadal average inflows from 1969 to 2006 at Naraj with irrigation and other user requirements.

11 Current utilization as reported by DoWR is 3 cumecs with a further 3 having been requested. The total requirement of 7.5 cumecs provides an additional allowance 12 This is assumed to be flow requirement downstream of Mahanadi barrage rather than the overall systems’ environmental flow requirement. 13 Component of OWRCP and commissioned in 2006

35 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 154. As shown in the figure below, there is substantial surplus supply in the middle of Kharif, with shortages only in early Kharif in June. In Rabi there is little surplus and low river flows constrain Rabi cropping. Water balance upstream of Mahanadi Barrage is shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Water Balance Upstream of Mahanadi Barrage

Decadal Average Inflow s and Requirements at Mahanadi Barrage

600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 Volume (HAM) 0

I I I I t I n I Jul ep I ov I eb I ay I Jun I Aug S Oc N Dec Ja F Mar I Apr M Period

Available Inflow Total Demand

v. Water Quality

155. Studies14 indicate the Mahanadi river water it is not directly potable, except in its middle reach. Pollution is from municipal wastewater and from large industries including fertilizer and paper mills. The Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974 governs water quality management.

156. The State Pollution Control Board has established 9 river monitoring stations. Seasonal observations are made of pH, BOD, DO and TC. Other parameters such as Am-N, EC, SAR and B are observed annually.

157. Water quality data for the Mahanadi and the Kathjori, which offtakes from the Mahanadi just upstream of Cuttack city, show that water quality deteriorates as it passes through the city (Table 16). This is due to discharge of untreated effluent from the city into the river. Upstream of Cuttack, the river water confirms to Class C quality and is potable with conventional treatment following by disinfection. Downstream, in the Mahanadi it sometimes confirms to Class C, while downstream in the Kathjori it does not. In India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has developed a concept of designated best use and classified water based on the surface water quality (IS: 2296- 1992) into five classes i.e. A – E (Table 15). The different classes are: A- Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection; B- Outdoor bathing (Organised); C- Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection; D- Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries and E -Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal.

14 University College of Engineering, Burla and School of Life Science, Burla

36 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Table 15: Indian Standard for the Surface Water (CPCB Standard) Sl.No Parameters A B C D E 1 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0 2 Colour ,Hazen unit, 10 300 300 - - max 3 Total Suspended Not Not Not Not Not specified Solid specified in specified in specified specified in Standard Standard Standard in Standard In Standard 4 Total Dissolved 500 - 1500 - 2100 Solid, mg/l, max 5 Free Ammonia (as - - - 1.2 - N),mg/l, max 6 Sulphate 400 - 400 - 1000 (as SO4), mg/l, max 7 Total Hardness as Not Not Not Not Not specified CaCO3 specified specified specified specified 8 Total Alkalinity as Not Not Not Not Not specified CaCO3 specified specified specified specified 9 Lead(as Pb) mg/l, 0.1 - 0.1 - - max 10 Dissolved Oxygen, 6 5 4 4 - mg/l, max 11 BOD, mg/l, min 2 3 3 - - 12 COD Not Not Not Not Not specified specified specified specified specified Note: A- Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection. B- Outdoors bathing C- Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection. D- Propagation of wildlife, fisheries. E- Irrigation, Industrial cooling, controlled, controlling waste disposal The Result of biomonitoring of Mahanadi river water depicts in Table 16. & Table 17 shows the trend of BOD level in Mahanadi during 2002 to 2006.

Table 16: River Water Quality U/S and D/S of Cuttack

Annual average values (Range of Desig Sl. Values) Existin Source of Location year nated no DO BOD TC MPN/100 g Class Pollution pH Class mg/l mg/l ml 2007 7.6 7.8 2.62 13.3 Doesn’t Mahanadi 2008 7.6 7.9 1.2 13.95 conform River -U/S of 2009 7.7 8 1 13.35 1 C to class Human activities Cuttack 2010 7.8 7.8 1.25 44.47 C (NWMP) 2011 8 8 1.4 1038(330-17000 2012 8 8.2 1.5 3256(470-11000) 2007 7.7 7.8 1.1 13.29 Kathajori 2008 7.6 7.9 1.2 14 River U/S of 2009 7.8 8 1 13.3 Doesn’t Waste water 2 Cuttack 2010 9.8 7.8 1.2 11.1 C conform from Cuttack (Board 2011 8.1 7.9 1.8 1222(390-17000 to class Station) 69333(21000- C 2012 7.6 4.1 8.2 160000) 2007 7.62 5.8 1.7 48.16 Mahanadi 2008 8.8 7.8 1.5 76 Waste water of River-Cuttack 3 C Cuttack city FDS (Board 2009 8.2 8.7 1.4 46

Station) 2010 7.85 5.2 1.6 61 C

37 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Annual average values (Range of Desig Sl. Values) Existin Source of Location year nated no DO BOD TC MPN/100 g Class Pollution pH Class mg/l mg/l ml 14925(1100- 2011 8.1 7 1.9 92000) 24517(92000- 2012 8.1 7.7 2 54000) 2007 7.7 7.4 2.25 322.2 Mahanadi 2008 7.9 7.65 2.1 262.1 Doesn’t River -D/s of 2009 7.8 7.75 2.2 170 4 C conform Cuttack 2010 7.8 7.3 2.15 176.5 to class (NWMP) 55417(2400- C Waste water of 7.7 2.5 2012 8 160000) Cuttack city 2007 7.9 7 3.7 1051 Kathajori 2008 7.8 7 3.72 1297 5 Waste water of River D/S of 2009 8.1 7.45 3.6 882 Doesn’t Cuttack city Cuttack 2010 7.6 6.8 3.6 1110 C conform (Board 2011 to class Station) 55417(2400- C 7.7 2.5 2012 8 160000) CLASS C WATER Drinking water sources with QUALITY 6.5- 4 and 3 or 5000 or less conventional treatment followed by CRITERIA (IS- 8.5 above less disinfection 2296-1982) ( Source: Water Quality of Major Rivers Of Odisha during 2007-2010, State Pollution Control Board Odisha 2013 & www.ospcboard.org)

Table 17: Biomonitoring of River Mahanadi Annual average values(range of Values) Existing Designate Biological Station Year Saprobility Index Diversity Index d class Water Quality Class 2007 5.4 (4.8-6.0) 0.33 (0.30-0.36) C 2008 5.0 0.48 C C Cuttack D/s 2009 5.6 (5.5-5.6) 0.46 (0.43-0.51) C C 2010 5.2 (4.0-5.8) 0.55 (0.42-0.70) C C 2007 5.4 (4.5-6.0) 0.36 (0.32-0.39) C C 2008 5.2 (4.5-5.7) 0.4 (0.38-0.45) C C Kathajodi D/s 2009 5.7 (5.4-6.0) 0.47 (0.45-0.50) C C 2010 5.5 (5.2-5.7) 0.44 (0.31-0.52) C C ( Source: Water Quality of Major Rivers Of Odisha during 2007-2010, State Pollution Control Board Odisha 2013 &) 158. The Pattamundai obtains water from the Kendrapara canal which offtakes from the barrage pond at Cuttack. Water quality is monitored along the canal confirms to Class C. However the total coliform concentration of the canal is high conforming domestic waste discharges. Physico-chemical and chemical quality of the canal water is shown in Table 18. Table 18: : Water Quality of Pattamundai canal – Location Jagatpur Block

Sr. No. Parameters Value 1 pH 8.03 2 Electrical conductivity In m 230 mhos/cm 3 TDS in mg/l 177.0 4 Total alkalinity as CaCO3 in 70.0 mg/l 5 Total Hardness as CaCO3 in 70.0 mg/l 6 Calcium Hardness as 40.0

38 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sr. No. Parameters Value CaCO 3 in mg/l 7 Calcium mg/l 16.0 8 Magnesium mg/l 7.29 9 Sodium mg/l 13.0 10 Potassium mg/l 4.2 11 Chloride mg/l 14.18 12 Sulphate mg/l 10.9 13 Carbonate mg/l Nil 14 Bicarbonate mg/l 85.4 15 Nitrate mg/l 4.67 16 Fluoride mg/l BDL 17 Iron mg/l 5.717 18 SAR mg/l 0.67 (Source: Executive Engineer Mahanadi North Division, Jagatpur, Water Resource Department

K. Ground Water Resources and Quality

159. Information prepared by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC), published by the Directorate of Groundwater Survey and Investigation, DoWR15, provides data disaggregated by district and block. The Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrpada districts, including the Pattamundai command, comprises semi-consolidated lower Precambrian metamorphosed rock or consolidated Precambrian intrusive and extrusive lavas and traps. The area is suitable for extraction of groundwater by dug wells. Groundwater has less than 500 ppm dissolved solids. There are local variations in groundwater availability. 160. The 2004 State Water Plan gives the annual fresh groundwater resource for Cuttack and Kendrapara districts as 245,070ham (2,451Mm3). Of this 9,520ham (95.2Mm3 or 3.9%) is used for industrial and domestic purposes and 22,180ham (222Mm3 or 9.1%) for irrigation. Total annual abstraction for 2001 was 28,540ham (285Mm3), just 12% of identified groundwater resources. 161. Groundwater resource (estimated in 1999) and groundwater use to March 2004 for blocks in the Pattamundai command area are tabulated below. Total annual groundwater potential is 138,890ham (1,389Mm3). Groundwater abstraction is dominated by pumping for agriculture at 8,710ham (87Mm3), 6% of available annual supply. There are however marked variations in groundwater utilization between blocks, from 5% to 42%.

2 Ground Water Resources of Orissa (Approved by the study group), Department of Water Resources, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, December 2001.

39 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

Table 19 : Ground water utilization in Blocks covering Pattamundai, March 2004.

Annual GW Draft (HM) as on 31.03.2004 Ground Ground Water Water Stage GW Sl. Irrig District Block Resources Indu Resources Developm No. atio Domestic Assessed strial Total Balance ent (%) n Use 1999 (HM) Use 2004 (HM) Use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Mahanga 12313 1272 340 8 1620 10693 13.16% 2 Cuttack Salepur 14771 1020 364 20 1404 13367 9.51% 3 Tangi 8189 230 296 30 556 7633 6.79% 4 Derabisah 7530 2063 269 5 2337 5193 31.04% 5 Kendrapar Kendrapara 11312 877 286 5 1168 10144 10.33% 6 a Pattamundai 6986 2812 306 17 3135 3851 44.88% 7 Mahakalpara N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 8 Jajpur Barachana 6820 1278 435 50 1763 5057 25.85%

162. There are 51,752 wells registered in the eight blocks covering the Pattamundai command. About 83% are shallow dug wells only a few meters deep and affected by seasonal moisture fluctuations, and 14% are filter point tube wells up to about 10m deep. Less than 4% are tube wells. 163. In addition to wells there are farmer built ponds mostly within or near to the household areas. Average depths to groundwater vary from 1-6.5m below ground level at the start of kharif to 1- 4m at the end depending on elevation, topography, proximity to drainage nullahs, etc. The seasonal fluctuation is about 1m. Depths to the water table are plotted below for three tube wells and one dug well in Cuttack block. Figure 10 : Depth to Water Table in Cuttack Block, 1999-2006

Ground Water Levels (Cuttack)

8.00 7.00 6.00 Bentakar-I * 5.00 Bentakar-II* 4.00 Bentakar-III* 3.00 Phulanakhara 2.00 Depth to GL (m) GL to Depth 1.00 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Year

164. The State Pollution Control Board, Odisha is monitoring the ground water quality of Cuttack city at 15 different locations under Central pollution Control Board sponsored National

40 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Water Management Project. The observed values are reported in Table 20 below. It is observed that conductivity and nitrate concentration are within the limits stipulated in Indian drinking water standards. The low conductivity in Cuttack shows that the ground water is not affected by saline water intrusion as Cuttack is away from the sea coast. Table 20: Ground Water Characteristics of different locations near Cuttack

No Location Month Stations Parameter(Permissible Jagatpur Madhupatna Bidanasi Badambadi Ranihat – limit, max. IS 10,500: Industrial Kalyan nagar – area Mangalabag 1991) Area area Tulsipur area area 1 pH (6.5 to 8.5) A 7.3 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.3 O 7.1 7.4 7.8 8.0 7.6 2 Conductivity, µS/cm A 504 317 146 348 231 O 509 252 167 304 282 3 Biological Oxygen A 0.8 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 Demand, mg/l O 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 4 Chemical Oxygen A 5.7 7.6 3.8 7.6 7.6 Demand, mg/l O 10.1 8.1 4.0 6.1 6.1 5 Turbidity, NTU (10) A 5 60 1 18 40 O 3.8 3.2 4.1 4.8 2.1 6 Total Dissolved Solids, A 275 177 95 221 150 mg/l (2000) O 323 163 108 184 179 7 Total Fixed Solids, mg/l A 276 210 88 214 162 O 317 158 102 178 170 8 Total Alkalinity, mg/l A 382 112 56 126 118 (600) O 76 98 68 96 124 9 T. Hardness (as A 72 112 50 112 100 CaCO3), mg/l (600) O 80 92 62 110 130 10 Ca, mg/l (200) A 15.2 27.2 15.2 22.4 24 O 19.2 27.2 19.2 24.8 28.8 11 Mg, mg/l(100) A 8.3 10.7 2.9 13.6 9.7 O 7.8 5.8 3.4 11.7 14.1 12 Chloride, mg/l (1000) A 110.5 28.8 14.4 46.9 13.4 O 125 28 14 32 24 13 Sulphate, mg/l (400) A 7.13 8.61 9.11 15.45 5.64 O 5.2 7.7 10.7 16.1 5.7 14 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l A 1.0 2.5 2.2 2.7 3.1 (45) O 46.0 1.2 3.2 21.8 3.3 15 Ammonium-N, mg/l A 0.392 0.560 1.290 0.168 0.224 O 0.112 0.224 0.112 0.112 0.112 16 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, A 5.04 1.12 3.36 3.36 2.24 mg/l O 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.8 1.7 17 Fluoride, mg/l (1.5) A 0.302 0.209 0.129 0.644 0.225 O 0.168 0.184 0.141 0.132 0.214 18 Phosphate-P, mg/l A 0.031 0.025 0.011 0.062 0.019 O 0.036 0.022 0.020 0.028 0.046 19 Sodium, mg/l A 64.8 17.8 8.4 28.7 9.0 O 76.8 15.4 7.6 18.9 11.2 20 Potassium, mg/l A 3.1 3.1 1.9 2.2 2.6 O 12.6 4.6 2.3 6.7 2.4 21 Boron, mg/l (5.0) A 0.045 0.023 0.019 0.011 0.034 O 0.048 0.036 0.026 0.016 0.032 22 Chromium (VI), mg/l A BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (0.05) O BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Chromium, Total, mg/l A 0.012 0.02 0.025 0.038 0.046 O 0.046 0.052 0.048 0.036 0.054 24 Iron,Total, mg/l (1.0) A 1.267 11.27 0.648 2.035 2.554 O 4.74 2.64 9.56 4.61 3.98 25 Nickel , mg/l A 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.007 O - - - - - 26 Copper, mg/l(1.5) A 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002

41 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI No Location Month Stations Parameter(Permissible Jagatpur Madhupatna Bidanasi Badambadi Ranihat – limit, max. IS 10,500: Industrial Kalyan nagar – area Mangalabag 1991) Area area Tulsipur area area O - - - - - 27 Zinc, mg/l (15) A 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.008 O - - - - - 28 Cadmium, mg/l (0.01) A 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 O - - - - - 29 Mercury, mg/l(0.001) A BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL O BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 30 Lead, mg/l (0.05) A 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.005 O - - - - - 31 Total Coliform, A <2 4 <2 8 <2 MPN/100ml (10) O <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 32 Fecal Coliform, A <2 2 <2 4 <2 MPN/100ml (Absent) O <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 (Source:, Annual Report, SPCB, Odisha, 2011-2012; OSPCBoard.org, Month A- April and O - October)

D.B Ecological Resources

I. Fisheries

165. Mahanadi estuaries have large fishery resources. The present marine fish resource of the district is 34,576 tones which are captured from 11 fish landing centers. The important fish species are shrimp, hilsa and Bombay Duck. Out of the total marine fishes, 16,405 tons are marketed to different states and 1,730 tons are converted into dry fish. There is no fishing activity in Machhagaon canal but presence of fishes has been reported. The fresh water fishes of Mahanadi basin are given in Table 21 below.

Table 21: Common fresh water fishes of Mahanadi basin Sl No. Local Names Latin Names 1 Balia Wallagonia attu 2 Baligarda Glossogabius giziris 3 Bhakur Catla catla 4 Chengu Ophicaphalus gachus 5 Chitala Notoptorus chitala 6 Dandkhiri Esomus dandrica 7 Gadsi Ophioapunetatus 8 Illlishi Itilisa ilisa 9 Jalanga Panga sisus 10 Jallah Chelaargentea 11 Kantia Myotous carasistus 12 Kerandi Barbus ambasis 13 Mangura Clarias batrachus 14 Mirakali Amblypharyngodan mola 15 Neuli Gobiopterus ohund 16 Pohale (chuna) Cirrhina reba 17 Pohale (dhanga) Labeo bata 18 Pabatata Callichrous bimaculatus 19 Phali Notopterus notpterus 20 Rohi Labeo rohita 21 Serana Barbus serana 22 Seula Ophiocephalus striatus 23 Singi Heterophnaustec fossilis 24 Todi Mastacembelus armatus

42 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI (Source: Environmental issues and concerns relating to basin planning activity of Mahanadi basin, 2001)

II. Flora and Fauna

166. During discussion with local forest officials and through public consultation with local people it was learned that there are no rare and endangered plant or animal species in the project area. Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapara district is divided into three zones namely (a) the deltaic zone, which is highly rich in mangrove ecosystem (b) the cultivated plains an agriculture area and (c) the western hilly region. The command area of pattamundai canal falls in the cultivated plains area. The area is endowed with rich faunal habitats Table 22. No critically endangered species are noticed Table 22:Fauna of the study area and IUCN status Sl.No Common name Scientific name ICUN conservation status 1 Pea fowl Pavo cristatus LC Red Jungle fowl Gallus gallus LC Red Spur fowl Galloperdix spadicea LC Black Partridge Melanoperdix nige LC Grey Horn Bill Ocyceros birostris LC Green Pigeon Treron sphenura LC Ducks Anas platyrhincos LC .(Note – LC - Least Concerned) 167. Major tree species under avenue plantation in the project area includes Anogeissus latifolia, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Albizia lebbeck (Chakunda)Buchanania lanjan (Chiranji), Butea monosperma (Palas), Ficus bengalensis (Bat), Careya arborea, Cassia fistula (Sonaru), Dalbergia Latifolia (Sishu), Mangifera indica (Aam), Diospyros melanoxylon (Kendu), Madhuca Indica (Mohua), Phyllanthus emblica (Amli), Scleichera oleosa (Kusum), Samecarpus anacardium (Bhalia), Semaruba glauca, Shorea robusta (Sal), Syzygium Cummini (Jamum), Tectona grandis (Segun), Terminalia arjuna (Arjun), Terminalia belerica (Bahera), Terminalia chebula, Wrightia arborea, Zizyphus Oenoplia. 168. Similarly, important medicinal plants found in the project area are chandan (Santalum album), bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), rohini (Ssoyimida fabrifuga), fanfana, (Oroxylon indicem), kamalagudi (Malotus philipinansis), patuli (Pterospermum swave), chandeigodi (Vitex peduncularis), bidanga (Embelia ribes), modafal (Helioteres isora), bumpipali (Piper longum), karpura haldi (Curcuma aromatica), iswari (Aristolochea indica), bridha daruka (Aargeyreia durvula) etc. No endangered plant species are noticed. III. Forest

169. Forest cover in Cuttack district is high as compared to 37.33 percent of the total forest cover area in the state. There are five types of forests found in both the districts mainly reserve forest, demarcated protected forest, unclassified forest, UDPF and other type of forests. Details of forest cover in the district are given in Table 23 However there is no forest in the Pattamundai canal command area. Table 23: : Forest cover in Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapara District Sl. No. Type of Forest Cuttack (Area, Jajpur (Area, Kendrapara km2) km2) (Area, km2) 1 Reserve Forest 522.39 6.35 14.49 2 Demarcated 103.68 299.32 127.57 Protected Forest 3 Un Classified 0.45 0.01 4.50

43 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sl. No. Type of Forest Cuttack (Area, Jajpur (Area, Kendrapara km2) km2) (Area, km2) Forest 4 UDPF 0.0 0.0 62.27 5 Other Forests 163.65 419.59 39.17 Total Forest area 790.17 725.27 248.00 Total geographical 3932.00 2899.0 2644.00 area % of Forest area 20.10 25.02 9.38 (Note: UDPF- Un-demarcated protected forest, Source: District Statistical Handbook, Cuttack, Kendrapara and Jajpur, 2009)

170. Bhitarkanika National Park is a national park located in the north eastern corner of Kendrapara District of Odisha in India. The park is far( more than 70 km) away from the Pattamundai canal. The park encompasses with an area of 145 km² of the Bhitarkanika Mangroves, a mangrove swamp which lies in the river delta of the Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamara rivers. The national park is surrounded by the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. Gahirmatha Beach lies to the east, and separates the mangroves from the Bay of Bengal. 171. The park is home to the Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), white crocodile, Indian python, black ibis, and darters. Olive Ridley sea-turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) nest on Gahirmatha and other nearby beaches. The national park was created in September 1998 from the core area of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, which had been created in 1975. Table 24: Fauna of the Bhitarkanika Sanctuary Sl.No Common name Scientific name ICUN conservation status 1 Salt Water Crocodile Crocodylus porosus LC 2 White Crocodile Alligator LC mississippiensis 3 Indian python Python molurus LC 4 Black ibis Plegadis falcinellus LC 5 Darters LC 6 Olive Ridley sea- Lepidochelys olivacea E turtles (Note: LC – Least Concerned; E- Endangered)

E.C Economic Development i. Industries

172. The small scale industries sector has grown steadily over the past few years in Cuttack district and has helped in upliftment of economy in the area. The category wise Small Scale Industries (SSI) units set up in the Cuttack district below in Table 25. District has always attracted private investors due to its conducive industrial atmosphere. In the large and medium sector the proposed investment against the pipeline units is around 11458 crores. .The same figure may cross around 12000 crores, if the proposed micro & small Enterprises are taken into consideration Table 25: Small Scale Industries in Cuttack District S l No Category No.of units 1 Food & Allied 1807 2 Electrical & Electronics 482 3 Chemical based 210 4 Engineering & Metal based 1865

44 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI S l No Category No.of units 5 Forest & Wood based 1078 6 Glass & ceramics. 689 7 Textile based 190 8 Leather units 572 9 paper 249 10 Rubber & plastic 1193 11 Repairing & Servicing 1702 12 Miscellaneous 2286 13 Total 12323

(Source: official Website of Cuttack (www.cuttack.nic.in) 2013)

173. In addition to this there are many large and medium industries in Cuttack district. 174. There are 10 large scale industrial unit at Jajpur district and huge numbers of stone crusher (251 nos.) located in the district. 175. Proposed Air Separation unit factory by British Oxygen which will come up at Kalinga Nagar in Jajpur district. It will produce 1800 tons of oxygen daily. It will need 15 acres of land and will invest 838 crores. The bulk of the investment will be made in the phase-II development of its stainless steel plant of Jindal in Jajpur, Odisha. 176. MESCO Steel Group plans to invest $2.8 billion (over Rs 1,000 crore) to expand its existing steel making capacity and set up a green -field project at Kalinga nagar that would together take its total capacity to 6.5 million tonnes per annum. MESCO, which owns Mideast Integrated Steel Ltd (MISL), would enhance its existing pig iron plant here into a 3.5 million tonnes steel plant with an investment of $1.2 billion. 177. The small scale industries sector has also grown steadily over the past few years in Jajpur district and has helped in upliftment of economy in the area. The category wise Small Scale Industries (SSI) units set up in the Jajpur district is given below in Table 26

Table 26: Small Scale, Cottage and Handloom Industries in Jajpur District Type of Industry Numbers Capital Investment (Rs. in lakh) Small Scale 292 671.53 Cottage N.A N.A Handloom 935 -- (Source: District Statistical Handbook of Jajpur, 2009) 178. In Kendrapara district there is no large scale industry, all are small scale industry. Category wise small scale industries are shown in Table 27 below.

Table 27: : Small Scale, Cottage and Handloom Industries in Kendrapara District Type of Industry Numbers Capital Investment (Rs. in lakh) Small Scale 101 319.29 Cottage 35 9.10 Handloom 375 - (Source: District Statistical Handbook of Kendrapara, 2009)

45 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ii. Transportation

179. Cuttack is connected by National Highway NH-5 and runs through the district for 63.55 km and connects Cuttack to important cities like Baripada and Baleshwar. This district is also well connected with the National Highway No. 5A, comprising a running length within the district of 77 km. Apart from the national has 118 km length of state highway,190.78km length of major district road , 316.13 km length of other district roads, 204.45 km length of forest roads and 1274.78 km length of village roads As per district statistical handbook 2009. 180. Jajpur district is well connected by road & rail. The existing length of highways and roads are given in Table 28 below. Table 28:Length of Different Categories of Roads in Jajpur District Category of Road Road in km National Highway 154 State Highway 2 Major District Roads 135 Other District Roads 325 Forest Roads 43 Grampanchyat Roads 2850 Classified village roads 996 Panchyat Samity Roads 308 Village Roads 1130

(Source: District Statistical Hand Book-2009)

181. Kendrapara district is well connected by road & rail. The existing length of highways and roads are given in Table 29 below.

Table 29:Length of Different Categories of Roads in Kendrapara District Sl.No. Category of Road Road in km 1 National Highway 45 2 State High way 65 3 Major District Road 44 4 Other District Road 292 5 Forest Roads 20 6 Gram Panchayat Roads 3105 7 Classified Village Roads - 8 P.S. Roads 392 9 Village Roads 753 10 Urban Roads -

(Source: District Statistical Hand Book-2009)

46 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI DF. Agricultural and Mineral Development i. Agricultural Development

182. The subproject covers 21% of the cultivated area of these eight Blocks: mostly in Kendrapada (50%); Pattamundai (45%); Mahanga (39%); Derabisi (26%); and the remaining four blocks under 8%. 183. The conditions in the command area are suitable for growing paddy rice, pulses (green gram and black gram), oil seeds (groundnut, mustard, sunflower), maize, jute, sugarcane, vegetables (onion, potato, brassica) and spice crops (Chilli pepper, garlic), which are part of the current cropping pattern. Potential viable new or expanded crops include: certified seeds, vegetables (capsicum) seasonal flowers, potato, onion, spices, sweet corn, baby corn and sugarcane. These require improved irrigation supplies (in June) to allow earlier sowing and harvesting of paddy. Groundnut is mostly cropped with available moisture after harvest of paddy during October-November. Where irrigation is available farmers grow groundnut during December-January with irrigation. The area could be increased with improved irrigation water. Sesame is mostly grown with residual moisture. Where water is available sesame is grown after potato and vegetables as a third crop. The state department of agriculture has tried to introduce sunflower as an oilseed crop during Rabi season. The crop has economic potential and private companies are in the state to procure the produce. Wheat was, historically, grown successfully in the area but currently there is practically no area under this crop. Availability of subsidised wheat from the Public Distribution System has removed the crop from the cropping pattern. 184. The current and proposed cropping pattern (Table 30), is based on discussions with the farming community, PP functionaries and local officials of state agriculture and water resources departments considering the constraints and opportunities, agro-climate, soil, AES, water availability from the sub-project, past and present cropping patterns in the sub-project area and infrastructure for irrigation management, extension services, research, inputs, processing, storage and market demand. Block level crop area data for 2006-2007 for the eight subproject Blocks were weighted by the area in the subproject to provide current cropping patterns.

Table 30:Current and Proposed Cropping Pattern (with full project development) Crop Current Area (2006- Area with project Changes 2007) (full development) Percent of Area Percent of Area Change in Change in Change in Command (ha) Command (ha) crop area percent of crop area Area Area (ha) Command Area (%) Paddy 76.2 22,799 74.9 22,400 ‐399 ‐1.3 ‐1.8 Vegetables 18.0 5,376 18.7 5,600 224 0.7 4.2 Spices 1.9 568 2.1 620 52 0.2 9.1 Maize 0.4 105 0.4 120 15 0.1 14.4 Fibre 2.4 723 3.0 900 177 0.6 24.5 Pulses 0.2 60 0.2 60 0 0.0 0 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Kharif 99.1 29,631 99.3 29,700 69 0.2 0.2 Hybrid Paddy 2.1 632 2.0 600 ‐32 ‐0.1 ‐5.1 Vegetables 18.7 5,596 20.7 6,200 604 2.0 10.8 Pulses 56.7 16,972 60.2 18,000 1,028 3.4 6.1 Oilseed 8.6 2,561 10.0 3,000 439 1.5 17.1 Spices 3.0 907 3.3 1,000 93 0.3 10.3 Fodder 0.0 0 0.3 100 100 100

47 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Crop Current Area (2006- Area with project Changes 2007) (full development) Percent of Area Percent of Area Change in Change in Change in Command (ha) Command (ha) crop area percent of crop area Area Area (ha) Command Area (%) Others 0.5 157 0.7 200 43 0.1 27.7 Total Rabi 89.7 26,825 97.3 29,100 2,275 9.6 8.5 Sugar cane 1.0 292 1.2 360 68 0.2 23.3 Annual Total 189.7 56,747 197.8 59,160 2,413 8.1 4.3 (Source: Harmonised data from District Agricultural Strategy Committee Meeting 2007-08, Reports from local AEOs, Survey results and DoWR officials and Consultants’ estimate) ii. Mineral Development

185. At Cuttack district few fireclay mines (9 nos.) are in operation. 186. Jajpur is famous for chromite mine. Number of working mines, area covered and production output are shown in Table 31 below. Table 31: Working mines, area and production at Jajpur district Name of the Ore No. of Working Area Covered (in Production – output Mines Hq) (In ‘000 MT) Chromite 14 4112 2646.57 Iron ore 1 190.20 1593.55 Quartzite 1 2.3 15.25 Pyroxenite 1 406 231 Total 17 4710.5 4486.37 (Source: District Statistical Handbook Jajpur, 2009) 187. There is no mining activity at Kendrapara district.

EG. Social and Cultural Resources Population and Communities i. Demographic Status 188. Total population of Cuttack district is 2,624,470 out of which 1,888,423 is the rural population and 7,36,047 is the urban population, which constitutes about 28.% of urban population. The population of schedule cast 4,98,633 and schedule tribe is 93,745. A detail of demographic structure of the Cuttack district is given in Table 32. Table 32 : Demographic Pattern of Cuttack District Total Population 2,624,470 Rural Population 1,888,423 Urban Population 7,36,047 SC Population 4,98,633 ST Population 93,745 Percentage of Urban Population to Total Population 28.0 % Number of females per Thousand Male 940 Population density per Sq.Km 667 Decennial growth rate percentage 1991-2001(P) 12.1 (Source: Census 2011) 189. Total population of Jajpur district is 18,27, 192 out of which 16,92,095 is the rural population and 1,35,097 is the urban population, which constitutes about 7.4 % of urban population. The population of schedule cast is 4,33,387 and schedule tribe is 1,51,432. A detail of demographic structure of the Jajpur district is given in Table 33.

48 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

Table 33 : Demographic Pattern of Jajpur District Total Population 18.27,192 Rural Population 16,92,095 Urban Population 1,35,097 SC Population 433387 ST Population 1,51,432 Percentage of Urban Population to Total Population 7.4% Number of females per Thousand Male 973 Population density per sq.km 630 Decennial growth rate percentage 12.5 (Source: Census 2011C Demographic Pattern of Jajpur District 190. Total population of Kendrapara district is 14,40,361 out of which 13,56,827 is the rural population and 83,534 is the urban population, which constitutes about 5.8% of urban population. The population of schedule cast is 3,09,780 and schedule tribe is 9,484. A detail of demographic structure of the Kendrapara district is given in Table 34. Table 34: Demographic Pattern of Kendrapara District Total Population 14,40,361 Rural Population 13,56,827 Urban Population 83,534 SC Population 3,09,780 ST Population 9,484 Percentage of Urban Population to Total Population 5.80% Number of females per Thousand Male 1007 Population density per sq.km 545 Decennial growth rate percentage 10.6 (Source: Census 2011) 191. The command area is spread over 3 blocks of Cuttack district, and one block of Jajpur district and four blocks of Kendrapara district, the total number of villages covered under the command area are approx. 439 villages with a total number of approx. beneficiaries are 1,36,59 covering 59 pani panchayats.. The population details of the blocks covered under the project is given in Table 35. Table 35: Population details of the blocks covered under the project S.no Name of the Block and district Total Population SC Population ST Population 1 Mahanga, Cuttack district 163321 34757 728 2 Salipur, Cuttack district 174692 43515 4003 3 Tangi, Cuttack district 141838 22011 16153 4 Barachana, Jajpur district 206129 36338 16459 5 Derabish, Kendrapara 129532 31209 503 6 Kendrapara, Kendrapara 137512 33194 291 7 Pattamundai, Kendrapara 147194 39631 24 8 Mahakalpara, Kendrapara 191745 33441 2966 274096 Total 1291963 41127

( Source: 2001 census, District Handbook, Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapara districts)

49 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 192. The sub-project covered blocks have around 1291963 total populations of which SC population is around 21.22 % and ST population is around 3.2% as per 2001 census. ii. Places of Historical, Archeological and Religious Significance 193. Cuttack city houses the Barabati Fort, a nine storey palace of the Ganga dynasty lies on the bank of Mahanadi River. Qadam-I-Rasool, a sacred shrine for Muslims is situated in the centre of Cuttack city and Netaji Seva Sadan, a birth place of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is located in Oriya bazaar of town. 194. Banki, Bhattarika, Chhapachikana, Dhabaleswar, Kukudiapada, Kukudanga, Nemal, Niali Madhab, Paramhansa and Simhanath are religious places in Cuttack District. 195. From time immoral Jajpur has been identical with Viraja or Viraja Khetra. The place sacred to Viraja, the symbol of Sakti(Power) on one side and Verah, the symbol of Brahma or Purusha on the other side is one of the traditional Pancha khetras in Odisha dedicated to Brahmanical Pancha Khetras. As a seat of ancient culture and a holy shrine for Hindus it was once studded with scores of ancient stone temples as in the temple town of Bhubaneswar. But it witnessed and bore the burnt of the vandalism of the invaders from the North, who destroyed the temples and palaces. But in and around the surviving temples and the temples built after the mass destruction we come across a large number of sculptures ranging in date from the 4rth century , which not only stand as the milestone of art and architecture of the place but also provide us with ample materials to reconstruct a cultural history of Odisha. 196. A new political situation developed with the rise of the Bhaumakaras in 736 AD. The Bahumaker empire extended from the Ganges in the North to the Mahendra mountain on the south. The Bhaumas ruled over two centuries with their capital at Guheswar Patak in Viraja Khestra. Khijinga Mandal of the Bhaumas comprised modern Mayurbhanja, eastern part of Keonjhar , some portion of Dhenkanal and the modern Jajpur and Bhadrak districts. Though a great deal of geographical political and social changes have taken place since, the cultural tie of the regions is still conspicuous as the people of the region still perform their social functions and rituals in accordance with Viraja Panjika approved by the learned astrologers and scholars (Pundits) of Jajpur. Broadly speaking Odisha was mainly divided into two cultural units the one centering round Viraja khetra and the other round Shrikhetra. As in Puri there was also the Mukti Mandap and Pundit Sava at Jajpur and the ruins still bear testimony to it. 197. The important religious and tourist places at Jajpur are mentioned below. CHHATIA: situated at a distance of 25kms from Cuttack, Chhatia is famous for lord Jagannath temple

CHANDIKHOL: Chandikhol, which is at a distance of 40kms from Cuttack, is an attractive picnic spot with natural springs and sceneries.

MAHABINAYAK: at a distance of 2 kms from Chandikhol to the west, is situated the Mahabinayak. The tourists can enjoy its natural surroundings and the temples of Lord Binayak.

LALITGIRI, RATNAGIRI & UDAYAGIRI : the three Boudh Vhars are at a distance of 70kms from Cuttack. The famous buddhist complex is said to be ancient seat of puspagiri, the buddhist university of 7th century AD. Recently a statue of emperor Ashok is being discovered form Langudi hill.

198. In Kendrapara district famous religious places are located at Aul, Kendrapra, Tamalsasan. Archaeological monument is located at Aul. No famous archaeological site exists near Pattamundai canal system.

50 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI V. ANI TI CI PATED ENVI RONMENTAL I MPACTS AND MI TI GATI ON MEASURES A. General

199. The positive and negative impacts associated with this project are described in this chapter. The impacts associated during the construction phase of the project will be temporary and short term in nature. During the operation phase, impacts associated may have longer term effects. For purposes of this IEE report the environmental impacts in the study area have been discussed during the construction and operation phase of the project. Identification of these impacts is followed by recommendations of appropriate cost effective mitigation measures. These impacts along with the mitigation measures are given in the following sections.

1. Subproject Activities

200. In Pattamundai priority for infrastructure works is as follows: (i) Works to ensure safety / integrity of irrigation system, for example canal lining / left bank stability measures where high seepage from the canal which is in high fill may otherwise lead to earthworks failure. (ii) Improved hydraulic performance of first main and then distribution canals, checking for prism/ trapezoidal shape and stability and remodeling using regime principles and resectioning of the canal (iii) Deweeding especially water hyacinth and desiltation of the main canal (iv) Repair of existing structures and construction of new structures (v) Hydraulic control structures for improved flow control and flow measurement along first the main and then distributary canals to the heads of minor canals. (vi) Reconstruction of existing bridges and construction of new bridges for improved access across canals. (vii) Resectioning of distributaries, Minors and sub-minor canal systems. (viii) Improved access along inspection / patrol roads. (ix) Repair of outlets and provision of new outlets (x) Provision of tube wells for drinking water

2. Subproject Activities during construction phase

™ The cistern of weir cum falls are built with latraite stone masonry covered with cement concrete are damaged and needs replacement with RCC structures, replacement of damaged downstream protection works and repair of wing walls etc ™ Remove silt and resection of canal of the main canal, distributaries, minors and sub- minors ™ Removal of weeds especially water hyacinth and shrubs from the mian canal, distributaries, minors and sub-minors. The weeds should be dried and burnt (with diesel if partially dried) for the tail end portion of pattamundai main canal and Gobri canal and other distributaries ™ Provide lining in bed and slope and guard walls where ever needed in the fragile areas ™ Raising & strengthening of canal embankment where ever required. ™ Protection of embankments by way of turfing and plantation ™ Renovation/repair existing structures and new canal structures - head regulators, cross regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, canal siphons, escapes and field outlets, drainage structures and bridge works. ™ Providing & laying inclusive standard compaction of base sub-base for canal road ™ Repair of existing outlets and construction of new out lets as per the demand and technical feasibility

51 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ™ Regular removal of weeds or provision for lining in bed and slope especially in the tail end of the main canal from and Gobri distributary to avoid weed growth if paucity of funds under ADB, additional funding need to be explored by the SIO. ™ The different structure that are going to be rehabilitated or new construction proposed are show in Table 36.

Table 36: List of Structures to be Repaired and New Construction

S.No Type of Structure Total as per To be Repaired New Inventory Construction / Renovation 1 Head Regulator 138 110 24 2 V.R Bridge 335 205 79 3 Fall 19 7 1 4 Aqueduct 15 10 0 5 Canal syphon 6 6 3 6 Drainage Syphon / CD 278 230 46 7 Escape 6 6 1 8 Cross Regulator 44 40 2 9 CR cum Escape 5 3 2 10 VRB cum Fall 4 4 0 11 VRB cum CR 4 0 0 12 Outlet 2147 1691 464 (Source: DPR Pattamundai Oct. 2011)

3. Sub project Activities during operation phase

™ Maintenance of water availability ™ Maintenance of canal through desilting operation and deweeding ™ Maintain drainage system of agricultural field

B. Possible Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

The proposed project will have impacts on the environmental in different phases: • Impacts Due to Project Location • Impacts During Planning and design • Impacts During the construction phase Impacts During operation phase

i. Impacts due to Project Location

201. The environmental issues that may arise due to the present project location are minimal: • As per the resettlement plan(RP) the sub project would not entail land acquisition as existing right of way (ROW) is sufficient. However the project would entail loss of assets and livelihood of people settled (non title holders) on either side of the existing embankment. As per the RP prepared during April & August 2013 shows encroachments totals to 369 units in RD 0 to 37 km (out of which 20 are residential and 349 are commercial ) and 486 units in RD 37 to 80 km ( out of which 111 are residential; 353 are commercial and 21 are other assets for more details kindly refer RP plan for Pattamundai. .;

52 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • However some details of encroachments which were noticed during preliminary environmental survey are also detailed here: Pattamundai canal RD6.250,12.210,15.030,17.000, 22.045,31.000, 36to 37.0 km (Large scale encroachment at Balichandrapur Bazar like shop houses, temporary cabins, Temples (33.5km) etc; 39 to 40 km,(Large scale encroachment at Charinangal Bazar like shop houses, ,temporary cabins, etc); ,36.850, 37.0 to 39. to 40 km, 62 to 63km; 76.0 to 76.50 km, RD 2.200 of Disty no. 3, elampur minor, Nalipur s/m RD 0 to 2 km; Disty No.5 RD 1.2 to 2.1 km, and 3.0 to 49 km; Disty No. 5A RD 0.9km 3.5 to 4r.4 km; Disty No 5B at Alipur, Disty No 7A RD 3.68km; Disty No. 7A -1 RD 4.2km; Gokhasahi s/m RD 0.45 km , Disty no8; disty no 11 etc., and almost all intersections of the roads and VRB points are found within the ROW. • No forest land is involved so no impacts but some trees are found on the embankment (RD 2 to 3, 22 to 23, 40 to 42, 50 to 53 and 61 to 62 kms). • No archaeological, monumental, and cultural sites are present along the ROW except few temples(RD13.560, 31.0 and 5.400 km of gobri extension) with in ROW • Some illegal cultivation and banana plantation outside toe line within the ROW of the canal is present. • Utilities like electric poles are noticed on the embankment at Pattamundai canal RD 36.5 to 36.85km; 39 to 40km; 48 to 53km; 62.5 to 63.5 km; some poles in the distributaries, minors and subminors were found on the embankment within the ROW • There are few encroachments within the command area like community and grazing lands etc have been converted to agricultural lands 202. The mitigation measures proposed are: • Proper planning and taking precaution would be taken by the contractor while executing the works in consultation with the PP members and local people • DoWR with the help of ISPMC Resettlement Specialist had conducted a survey and a detailed RP plan has been prepared, RP implementation cost will be borne by the executing agency (EA) and the livelihood assistance cost will be borne out of the OIIAWMIP loan fund for RP implementation. The proposed RP budget works out to Rs. 72,41,336 (US$ 134,099) for the canal section from RD 0 to 37km and Rs. 64,80,852 (US$ 122,280) from RD 37 to 80 km of Pattamundai more details refer Resettlement Plan for Pattamundai prepared and submitted to ADB during April & August 2013 • While preparing micro-plans the assessment on the extent of the encroached areas need to be planned, if the encroachments are obstructing the proposed work they should be addressed as per the R & R policy and if not they shall be referred to revenue department for obtaining lease. • During design survey the design team along with SIO staff should identity the electric poles that need to be shifted.

ii. Impacts during Planning & Design Phase

203. The planning phase will include further detailed topographic and geotechnical surveys and hydrological assessments which will provide information for the detailed design of the scheme. As such impacts during this planning phase may be limited to erroneous or inadequate field assessments and data interpretation. These impacts could manifest themselves in the following manner: • Incorrect survey in order to align / resection of canal may result in errors in the alignments and change in the section.

53 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Incorrect hydrological assessment of flood magnitude, drainage problem resulting in under-design of conveyance system, leading to hydraulic/structural failure; • Incorrect and insufficient geotechnical survey which does not adequately taken into account the geology of the area may result in structural failure; • Redesigning of some drainage structures if needed or reconstruction of CD structures to improve the drainage • Adequate provision for weed removal especially water hyacinth; • Some large girth trees present on the embankment may get the effected or may require tree cutting. • No Archaeological sites are within the project area but while excavation work chance find protocol would be used. • Utilities like electric poles were found within the ROW on the canal embankment; • Identification of potential sites or locations for drilling tube wells 204. The mitigation measures proposed would include: • Thorough hydrological assessment using all available background data and making use of flood simulation software to better estimate optimum design flows. This is to be conducted as the starting point to the design process and will be checked and verified in accordance with project quality assurance procedures; • A geotechnical survey, topo survey and a soil survey particularly along the axis of the canal side should be conducted at the beginning of the design process to reduce the risk of costly design revisions during construction, or worse the failure of a scheme due to a design based on erroneous parameters; • During project planning proper drainage arrangements shall be planned in consultation with the drainage division. As part of the improvement to the drainage problem within the command, one escape, 46 drainage siphons and 6 canal siphons are reconstructed or several are proposed for repair which are damaged and are having leakages at present requires treatment and repair to overcome the drainage problem. • The design should be checked in accordance with project quality assurance and quality control procedures; • Regular weed removal provision or provision for lining especially in the tail end reaches and Gobri canal would reduce the water hyacinth growth, if the provision for lining cannot be met from the ADB funds SIO would try for other sources; • Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. • Some large girth trees present on the canal embankment may require removal or tree cutting. During survey and design SIO staff along with survey team and in consultation with design engineers shall identify the number of trees that may get affected. To the possible extent tree cutting shall be avoided, if any tree shall be be removed from the ROW before commencement of actual work it shall be done in consultation and with the permission of State Forest Department. Stacking, transport and storage of wood shall be done as per the relevant norms. All efforts shall be made to preserve the trees to the possible extent. • Utilities like electric poles lines existing within ROW may be damaged while widening or strengthening the canal embankment or may cause hindrance to the movement of construction equipment, the SIO in consultation with design team should identify the need for shifting such poles, if they need to be relocated proper planning and contingency for shifting need to be planned by the SIO in consultation with the PMU

54 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Tube wells locations shall be away from dumps, refuse piles, storage facilities, fuel storage areas, seepage pits, pit toilets, septic tanks, surface water bodies, drains, field fertilized with dung

iii. Impacts During Construction Phase

205. Most of the impacts during construction phase are temporary or short term in nature and can be mitigated by using appropriate methods. Impacts during construction phase has been assessed under the following aspects: • Pre-construction activities like selection of Camps, Borrow areas, Quarry etc • Construction Method • Source of materials and process of procurement of material like earth from borrow areas, Quarry areas, mining of sand • Transportation of construction materials used in the construction • Storage of materials and • Work site maintenance and • Labour related issues like their shelter, facilities etc 206. Most of the impacts during construction phase are temporary or short term in nature and can be mitigated by using appropriate methods

a. Construction Method 207. Rehabilitation and resection of the existing canal system will involve earth moving equipment like excavators, rollers, tippers, tractors, concrete mixers, vibrators, dozers, etc and stripping and leveling of borrow areas etc. Materials will be brought through trucks and offloaded and lifted through head load manually (head load) where the approach roads in the minors and sub minors are narrow. Excavation and manual digging and cutting would be involved. The excess material would be disposed off within the low lying areas of right of way.

b. Sources of Materials 208. The approximate quantities of different materials as identified by SIO staff as part of preliminary estimate is shown in Table 37.

Table 37: Showing the Approximate quantities of Material required for the sub-project

Sl.No Materials Approx. Estimated Quantities in cum 1 Moorum 235578.38 2 Sand 154031.34 3 Stone Boulders 38111.82 4 Laterite Stone 329254 5 Hard Stone 975 6 Granite Material (IRC G I,II, III) 32573.48 7 Granite metal chips 32001.03 8 cement 265179.03 Quintals 9 steel 3918.7 Quintals c. Pre construction activities by the contractor 209. After finalizing the contractor before the contractor commence his work the Contractor along with the SIO staff shall identify

55 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Contractor shall identify potential sites for work camps, stockpiles, storage areas and disposal sites with the help of SIO staff and takes the approval of the SIO manager. • Contractor shall identify the potential locations for sources of borrow areas, quarry and other materials if any required and take the prior approval of the SIO Manager 210. The mitigation measures proposed would include: 211. The responsibility of establishing camps, stock piles, storage areas and disposal sites mainly lies with the Contractor, however before commencement of work, with help of SIO staff shall identify the potential sites within the sub-project. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not damage any property, vegetation, irrigation, drainage and drinking water supply. Residential areas will not be considered and sensitive locations need to avoided like schools and sanctuaries if any. All locations identified for disposal need to be included in the design specifications and on plan drawings

i) Camp • Contractor shall avoid establishment of camp / plant in forest areas. • Contractor shall prioritize areas within or nearest possible vacant space within the subproject without affecting property, forest, vegetation, drinking water sources and away from the water bodies and the canal system. • All construction plants shall be sited sufficiently away from the settlements and agricultural operations or any commercial establishments. Such plants shall be located at least 100m away from the nearest dwelling preferably in the downwind direction. • The Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such plant sites established and approved by the SIO manager. • If any contractor has to establish crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants shall comply with the requirements of the relevant emission control legislations. Consent for Establishment and Operation from state pollution control board Odisha shall be obtained before establishment and operation and a copy to be submitted to the SIO Manager. • Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of wind screen, water sprinklers and dust extraction systems shall have to be provided at all such sites (plants).

ii) Borrow areas • If earth material is required or need to procure from borrow pits. • Finalisation of borrow areas for earth and all logistic arrangements as well as compliance to environmental requirements, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor. • Contractor shall identify the potential borrow areas and take permission from SIO manager before operating any borrow areas. • Contractor shall identify the potential borrow areas and take permission from SIO manager before operating any borrow areas. Earth material should be taken from barren land or selected borrow area during lean period as per IS Code 1498 after taking approval from SIO Manager. The criteria of selection is as follows:

iii) Selection Criteria of Borrow areas is as follows: IS 4701: 1982 • No borrow pits shall be dug within 5m of the toe of the embankment, if the depth of the borrow pit is less than 0.5m it shall be after 5m of the toe of the embankment and if the pit depth shall be more than 0.5m it shall be 10m of the toe of the embankment or within such a distance from the toe of the bank where a 4:1 hydraulic gradient line cuts the ground surface, which ever more. • Borrow pits shall not be more than 1m in depth and 25 m in length. • A clear distance of 1m shall be left between the pits • The bed of borrow pits shall be left reasonably smooth and even. • Contractor shall not be permitted to lift any material from the forest areas.

56 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • The Contractor shall not start borrowing earth from selected borrow area until the mutual agreement is signed between landowner and Contractor. Copy of the document shall be submitted to SIO manager. • The Contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. 1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. 2) The borrow pits should not be located along the roads. 3) The loss of productive and agricultural land should be minimum. 4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. 5) Sufficient quality of soil is available. 6) The Contractor will ensure the availability of suitable earth. The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme as approved by the concerned Engineer. It shall be ensured that the fill material compacted to the required density. • The Contractor after award of the contract may identify the potential private lands for borrow areas and he will take the approval for the borrow areas after testing the suitability and enter into mutual agreement with the land owners. As per the contractual conditions Contractor will arrange sites for borrow areas by making an agreement with the land owner, and he will also ensure to take the necessary permission for operating these borrow areas. The necessary royalty would be deducted by the SIO staff from the Contractor. Contractor would try to procure earth within a lead of 5 Km of the canal system in small quantities. • Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow areas shall be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads shall be routed to avoid agricultural areas as well as forest areas as far as possible and shall use the existing village roads wherever possible

iv) Quarry areas • The Contractor shall finalize the quarry for procurement of construction materials after assessment of the availability of sufficient materials, quality and other logistic arrangements. • A preliminary survey has been carried out by the SIO and identified the quarry as shown in Annexure -4. • If extraction shall be done, prioritize sites already permitted by the Mining or concerned department, • Contractor shall purchase materials and finalize vendors who have valid permissions. The list of potential crusher who has valid license from State Pollution Control board, Odisha is enclosed for reference as Annexure 2. • If other sites are necessary and the contractor want to use, let the contractor obtain necessary permission from the concerned regulatory authority and inform SIO Manager. • The contractor shall avoid all forest areas for quarrying v) Sand

• The sand shall be procured from identified (by SIO) sand mines as far as possible. If Contractor wishes to procure from other sources he shall obtain the lease agreement of the supplier 212. Most of the impacts during construction phase are temporary or short term in nature and can be mitigated by using appropriate methods 213. Most of the impacts during construction phase are temporary or short term in nature and can be mitigated by using appropriate methods.

57 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 1. Impact on Land Use:

214. The land acquisition will be not required for the said major irrigation project. No major adverse impact is expected on the living conditions of the inhabitants. Storage of construction materials and silt at construction sites may temporarily change local land use status. The disposal of debris and silt shall be done properly Mitigation Measures:

215. The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below:

• Construction materials / silt should be stored properly and proper appropriate measures shall be taken while disposing the debris and silt. • To the possible extent the materials like stone and other reusable materials shall be utilized in the construction. • The iron and wood if any generated shall be taken into the surplus stock and the scrap shall be auctioned as per the procedures of Odisha Water Resources Department. • The suitable material generated from cutting shall be used in the filling after material testing and obtaining necessary approval from the SIO. The remaining unsuitable material shall be disposed on the left side of the main canal after the toe line within the ROW and also in the adjacent suitable available land along the canal after obtaining necessary permission from the competent authority. 2. Impact of soil – soil erosion and siltation:

216. Soil erosion will take place during earthworks, such as filling and cutting for re-sectioning of the canals and disposal of cutting earth in the spoil bank. The impact will be localized, short- term and minor. These activities will be conducted in the dry season. Mitigating and safeguarding measures to prevent excessive dust will be taken up by the contractor. Further safeguards associated with on-site activity and clean-up will be incorporated into the procurement documents Mitigation Measures:

217. The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below: ¾ Confirming excavations operations and slope stabilization work during the dry season only and use of silt traps ¾ Careful construction planning for surface protection particularly before monsoon season ¾ Earth material and selection of Borrow area as per IS code 1498 1970 reaffirmed 1970. ¾ Earthworks operations shall be strictly limited to the areas to be occupied by the permanent Works and approved borrow areas and quarries, unless otherwise permitted by the Project Manager. Due provision shall be made for temporary drainage. Erosion and/or instability and/or sediment deposition arising from earthwork operations not in accordance with the Specifications shall be made good immediately. ¾ The Contractor shall obtain the permission of the Project Manager before opening up any borrows or quarries. Such borrow pits and quarries may be prohibited or restricted in dimensions and depth by the Project Manager where:

(i) they might affect the stability or safety of the Works or adjacent property; (ii) they might interfere with natural or artificial drainage or irrigation; (iii) they may be environmentally unsuitable.

58 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI (iv) the contractor should enter into an equitable agreement with landowner for borrow area redevelopment if any landowner requires and after completion of the borrow area the contractor obtains a “Satisfaction Letter “ or “No – objection Letter” from the land owner on a stamp paper

• At least 14 days before he intends to commence opening up any approved borrow pit or quarry, the Contractor shall submit to the Project Manager his intended method of working and restoration. These shall include but not be limited to:

(i) the location, design and method of construction of any access track; (ii) the volume and nature of materials to be removed; (iii) the sequence and method of excavation of materials; (iv) measures for controlling runoff and sediment from the site during operations; and ¾ Proposals for site restoration including approximate finished levels, drainage, erosion and sediment control, slope stabilisation and re-vegetation, including reinstatement of any access track. ¾ The operation of borrow pits or borrow areas shall not be permitted until the method of working for that particular pit or area has been approved by the Project Manager in writing. Restoration shall be to the satisfaction of the Project Manager ¾ Soil erosion will take place during earthworks, such as filling and cutting for re- sectioning of the canals. The impact will be localized, short-term and minor. These activities will be conducted in the dry season. Mitigating and safeguarding measures to prevent excessive dust will be taken up by the contractor like sprinkling of water. Further safeguards associated with on-site activity and clean-up will be incorporated into the procurement documents. ¾ The rehabilitation of the borrow areas shall be done by the contractor as per the land owners requirements. ¾ .Borrow-pits, other than those in agricultural fields, will be covered with a layer of top- soil and grass-pitching. 3. Impact on Access Roads and Haulage Roads

218. Deterioration in quality of roads and damage to some of the existing bridges on the canal anticipated while transporting the materials. 219. The mitigation measures proposed are: 220. The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below:

¾ Limited construction period, careful planning on the movement of vehicles and restrictions on construction workers movement and adequate monitoring shall be carried out by the contractor ¾ At project site –in distributaries the bridge proposed for reconstruction are in poor shape, therefore proposed for reconstruction, the contractor shall avoid all such bridges while transporting the materials. ¾ All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor or any of his suppliers of material shall maintain during construction period. Clear any materials dropped by the vehicles on the access roads. 4. Impact on Water Quality:

221. Water used in construction process is not in the large quantities. Thus impact on water quantity is negligible. However there would be other minor impacts that may arise are:

59 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Inadequate drainage in the temporary camp site resulting poor sanitation condition and surface and ground water pollution and promote breeding of mosquitoes. • Contamination of ground and surface water due to inappropriate disposal of spoil materials, debris and waste • Contamination of water due to fuels and lubricants and construction waste waters • Erosion of canal embankments due to improper compaction 222. The mitigation measures proposed are: • The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below: • Proper disposal/reuse of construction spoils and silt generated from desilting operation considering environmental safeguard • Arrangement to drain out wastewater from construction site should be planned as per the site conditions i.e. along the natural gradients. The Contractors are hiring buildings for Camp as these are scattered works. If Contractor establishes any Camp he shall ensure adequate drainage and sanitation at the site. • The contractor shall procure the fuel from the nearest authorized outlets, if any minor storage if he has to make he shall ensure he doesn’t contaminate the area. • Contractor shall avoid oil spillages etc., • Contractor shall not wash his vehicles in the canals • Contractor shall ensure or install equipments in such a way that the waste water doesn’t enter the canal during monsoon season. • Contractor shall ensure proper compaction after completion of the earthwork, for the main canal compaction has to be done by Powered Road Roller or Vibratory Roller and in the distributaries, minors and sub-minors by hand roller. • To protect the canal from erosion in the completed earth work of the sections of the canals a provision for turfing has been made.

5. Impact on Air Quality:

223. Deterioration of air quality would be mainly due to fugitive dust emission from construction activities, and gaseous emissions from construction equipments and vehicular movements. These impacts would be short term in nature and limited to the project site and construction phase only. 224. The mitigation measures proposed are: • The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below:

• Contractor shall ensure trucks carrying soil, sand and stone will be duly covered to avoid spilling. Contractor shall ensure adequate dust suppression measures such as regular sprinkling of water especially at the time of construction along the village corridor will be undertaken. Contractor shall ensure that all construction equipments and vehicles are in good working condition, properly tuned and maintained to keep emissions within permissible limits

60 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 6. Impact on Noise Level:

225. The construction phase will see the operation of only light construction machinery, which is known to emit sounds with moderate decibel (dB). Temporary impacts in the immediate vicinity of project site may occur due to noise generated from construction activities superimposed with existing vehicular noise. The magnitude of impact will depend upon specific types of equipment to be used, the construction methods employed and scheduling of the work. The construction noise will be intermittent and of short duration and mostly during day time. 226. The mitigation measures proposed are: • The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below:

• In order to reduce these impacts it will be ensured that all construction equipment and vehicles used in construction shall strictly conform to the MoEF / CPCB standards. • All vehicles exceeding the limits shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. • Regular servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during servicing the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked. • All the construction sites within in 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, operation of DG sets and any high noise construction equipments shall be stopped during night time between 10.00pm and 6.00 am. • Working hours of the construction activities around sensitive areas like schools / hospitals upt a distance of 100m shall be restricted

7. Impact on Biological Environment:

227. The project site does not include any rare or endangered species of plant and animals. Thus, no impacts on rare / endangered species are envisaged due to site operations. The increased irrigation facilities in the area will actually enhance the environmental conditions resulting in more greenery. There is also a possibility of planting more trees by farmers due to the easy availability of water. Only few canal side trees will be felled during construction phase. The mitigation measures proposed are: • The Contractor while working in main canal, distributaries and minors and WUAs while working in sub-minors shall follow the below: • The sub-project has provision for planting around 3000 trees along the canal banks against the tree loss if any • Plantation of indigenous tree species along the irrigation canal compensates loss of flora. The survival of trees needs to be monitored by the WUAs and SIO

8. Impact on Social Environment

228. Most of the social impacts related to development of irrigation project are negative as well as positive. Some of the impacts and mitigation measures are as follows, • The sub project is to be implemented on a community participative basis, with full consultation during the planning and design process. • Most impacts pertaining to the establishment of the proposed scheme are positive in nature, the soils in the area will become more stable and the area will have a source of irrigation and farm use water, which has a positive impact on the agriculture of the area, thereby enhancing farm incomes.

61 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI • Some of the negative impacts associated with project are though the subproject doesn’t entail any land acquisition as existing RoW is sufficient, however, in the sub project would entail loss of assets and livelihood of people settled (non –title holders) on either side of the existing canal embankments . The assets loss or encroachments to be cleared are 855 in total i.e. around 369 in the canal section RD 0 to 37km and 486 in the canal section RD 37 to 80 km (which includes residential, commercial and other assets )units as per the Resettlement Plan of Pattamundai prepared during April and August 2013. The proposed RP budget is Rs. 72,41,336(US$134,099) for the canal section RD 0 to 37 km and Rs. 64,80,852 (US $ 122,280), the RP implementation cost will be borne by the executing agency and the Livelihood Assistance cost will be borne out of OIIAWMIP loan fund. • During the construction phase, there may be an influx of migrant skilled and unskilled workers in the project area. This will be restricted to the construction phase of the project. Efforts will be made to recruit local workers from the area as a priority to create employment opportunities and provide a sense of well being among local people as well as social compatibility among the people. • Labour/construction camps will be sited based on consultation with local communities with the priority of causing the least disruption to the residents and the surrounding environment. Transport routes for materials to the site, given the proximity of the residents houses etc. will also be selected with community consultation such that minimal disturbance will be made to residents. Given the proximity of the houses to the entry road to the site, the final selection of the entry route to the site for construction purposes will need to be carefully monitored for impacts during the construction period.. • The location of key infrastructure under the Main Contract is located at a distance from the communities, therefore the camp sites are unlikely to cause disturbance to the communities. • For construction activities undertaken close to communities, movement of construction equipment, vehicles and personnel will be regulated to avoid traffic jams and noise. • After completion of all construction activities, excess construction material and debris, is should be removed from the site and disposed of in the low lying areas within ROW. • No civil works are to be carried out in the vicinity of villages or settlements during evening hours, times of rest or when any cultural procession or activity is underway.

9. Occupational Health and Safety

229. The potential impacts of occupational hazards are minor due to handling of cement and working in excavations. These impacts can be mitigated through proper safety measures. The Construction contractor will be required to

¾ Develop and implement site specific safety and health plan which include measures like: (a) proper safety measures while working at VRB’s (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE); (c) contractor ensuring all workers follow the documented procedures and providing health and safety training to the workers ¾ Providing first aid kits at the work sites at all times ¾ Providing insurance including medical coverage for workers ¾ Providing basic amenities like drinking water, clean eating areas, sanitation etc ¾ Safety and security of the work sites etc ¾ Providing proper lighting arrangement while working in the nights ¾ Moving equipment and vehicles equipped with back alarms or flag men

62 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ¾ Maintaining equipment properly and ensuring the workers are not exposed to noise high noise level and use of hearing protection etc if required should be enforced ¾ Providing appropriate sign boards while excavation / construction work and providing proper barricades for preventing people and animals.

10. Community Health and Safety

230. Most sections of the canals are passing through crop lands except few locations canal passes adjacent to the residential localities and canal bank serve as an access road in the areas. So construction contractor should ensure the materials he dumps or equipments he installs will not obstruct the movement of local people. If necessary he will ensure proper safety measures in the areas and take dust suppression measures adequately to prevent dust pollution etc. 231. Some sections of the canal have electric poles along the canal or some times electric lines cross across the canal. The Contractors and WUAs while working shall ensure all precautions and prevent any danger from electrical line or equipments and ensures that they doesn’t cause any inconvenience to the people. The SIO shall identify the electric poles / lines that may hinder the movement people and machines during construction and SIO shall request the local electricity department for shifting such poles/ lines by depositing the required shifting charges from the department contingency funds. 232. The contractor Camp can cause some temporary disturbance to the surrounding areas if established near the residential areas, so care should be taken while identifying the areas and ensure the place is not polluted due to the storage of oils/ fuels used for construction. While storing fuel he ensures he practices approved practices of storing fuels and train the staff in handling and recovering the materials. Provide proper lighting, sanitation and drinking water facilities for the workers and staff. If the contractor constructs any temporary structures he will follow the approved practices and clear the site and handover to the concerned and take a no – objection or satisfaction letter.

iv. Operation Phase Impact

a) Impact on Irrigation Water Quality and Quantity 233. Periodic testing of water for chemical and biological properties will help in establishing a database on water quality. This will help in taking planning decision and remedial measures for any adverse impacts on the water quality. The result of the testing if disseminated to the pani panchayats would help in bringing awareness to the local people. Weed removal should be done regularly and community should be made aware of the causes of weed growth and washing of domestic animals and letting domestic sewage into the canal should be checked with help of pani panchayats. If proper water planning not done with PP there could lead to conflicts within the WUAs. Hence WUA, Apex committee and Distibutary committees shall be involved in the water planning and distribution. The community will be made aware on handling of fertilizers and pesticides by the PPSU environmental monitoring specialist.

b) Impact on canal system due to weeds 234. Fast multiplying weeds like water hyacinth reduces or impairs flow of water and reduces water availability and damages structures and increases mosquitoes if unchecked. So regular deweeding and checking of weeds by mechanical means or by usage of herbicides if necessary. Pani Panchayat members including community members shall be made aware and encouraged to prepare compost / vermi compost etc. The State Agriculture Policy 2013 emphasizes on the provision of assistance for organic farming i.e. provision of subsidy for establishing vermi compost units, so linkages shall be established with the local agriculture department.

63 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI c) Impact due to non -maintenance 235. The responsibility of maintaining main canal, distributaries likes with the SIO staff and minor and sub-minors with WUAs. The responsibilities of PP are as: ¾ Removal of silt and proper up keep of minor/ sub-minor/ water courses / field channels and field drains ¾ Repair and maintenance of inspection path and service roads ¾ Removal of grass, shrubs and bushes from the canal embankment and canal beds ¾ Repair and maintenance of all structures in the distribution system handed over for operation and maintenance. ¾ Restoration of banks – earthwork ¾ Repairs to lining, painting, plastering and replacing damage portions to structures etc.

d) Soil modification 236. Agriculture practiced by beneficiary farmers will intensify as a result of infrastructure improvements. The nature and extent of improvements will be influenced by agriculture extension. The changes in agriculture practices may result in soil modifications, including increased susceptibility to slumping, reduced nutrient status and impaired structure if the organic matter content is not maintained. These can be mitigated by including sustainable land use practices in the agriculture extension component. These include (i) continued use of traditional terrace construction and management of water flows, (ii) the use of deep rooting grasses and shrubs to further strengthen bunds and terrace walls, and (iii) promotion of continued use of organic based practices like use of bio-fertilizers.

e) Soil and water contamination due to agrochemicals 237. The intensification of agriculture may also result in increased use of agrochemicals including mineral fertilizers and pesticides, which may result in soil and water contamination. Although the use of agrochemical is currently far less than the level applied in productive agriculture systems, these need to be carefully monitored, and mitigated through agriculture extension that promotes (i) optimum, informed use of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic manure, (ii) promotion of the concept of integrated pest management, focusing on cost effective and environmentally friendly or benign pest management techniques; and (iii) emphatic discouragement of the use of persistent and banned pesticides.

f) Biodiversity 238. Introduction of high yielding varieties (HYV) if any in the sub project area at the expense of traditional low yielding varieties might affect the agricultural biodiversity of the area. These can be mitigated by establishing linkages with local agriculture department on (i) awareness raising through the agriculture extension component and through training and support to WUAs of the importance of maintaining diversity of farming practices and local landscape, (ii) promoting under the agriculture extension component the maintenance of variety of production of both cash and subsistence crops and (iii) promoting under the agriculture extension component the use of indigenous multi-purpose trees for soil protection, watershed management and cash crop production. 239. The renovation and modernization of this project will have beneficial impacts in terms of improved irrigation and road facilities in the area that increase overall agriculture production and improved economic conditions of the area.

64 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI VI. I NFORMATI ON DI SCLOSURE, CONSULTATI ON AND PARTI CI PATI ON A. General

240. Consultation, participation and disclosure was an integral part of environmental assessment process. Stakeholders were consulted about the proposed project. It helped in identification of needs of the local population that is likely to be benefited. Aiming at promotion of public understanding and fruitful solutions of developmental problems such as local needs of farmers and problem and prospect associated with irrigation facilities, various sections of community people and other stakeholders were consulted during household survey as well as through focus group discussions. It was attended by local farmers, gram panchyat members and engineers from DOWR.. 241. Discussions were held with groups of beneficiaries during initial field visits and the preparation of feasibility studies for the core sub-projects. During these discussions, the scheme was discussed with groups of beneficiaries, typically 10 to 20 persons in size, and their views sought on key issues including (i) anticipated effects of the proposed scheme improvement, (ii) the extent and nature of changes in land use that may occur with improved supplies of irrigation water (iii) presence of any sites of archaeological or cultural importance (iv) land stability in the around the existing scheme and (v) potential land use conflicts. No serious concerns were raised by villagers during these discussions. Villagers anticipated higher yields of existing crops as well as the ability to produce a greater range of crops, including cash crops, as well marketable surpluses that would increase cash incomes. 242. The consultations were carried during initial IEE report preparation and also during revised IEE updation. The list of villagers met during focus group discussion is given in Annexure 5 & 7. The findings of focus group discussion for individual village are given in Annexure 6 (prepared during initial IEE report preparation) & Annexure 8. The sources of data are given in bibliography that is given in Annexure 9. Household surveys are also conducted in selected villages to understand the present problem of irrigation system.

B. Survey

i) Household Surveys

243. In order to access the existing environment and likely impacts on irrigation, a house hold survey for 240 households in Rameswar, Adhadeuria,Udaypur, Badasardeipur, Badasardeipur, Kariapalla, Sadanandapur, Durgapur, Samalpur, Uchadiha, Pradhanpada, Netua and Alijanga covering head, middle and tail part of village was carried out with the help of local NGO. A common approach is to interview a representative sample of affected people and ask a predefined set of questions, with a response recoded in a standard form. Survey was conducted for sample population that consisted equal representation of gender, age and economic status. Survey also ensured equal distribution of higher and backward cast groups. 244. Points as emerged from household survey is given below, 1. Most of the villagers (80%) have no knowledge about the proposed project. Only villagers of Alijanga have some knowledge on proposed project. 2. Majority of the people consulted during house hold survey feel that the proposed project will be beneficial for their economic upliftment 3. A main source of the drinking water is either dug well or tube well. In 95% cases as per villager perception quality of drinking water is good for consumption. 4. There is no dust and gaseous emission problem in villages as there is no industry nearby.

65 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI 5. Local people very much interested to involve in the project as labour. Only few villagers (about 17%) are not interested to participate in the project as labour. The villagers have no objection on migration of labour during construction. 6. Most of the villagers feel that during construction time generated dust and noise may not be a problem, since exposure time is less 7. Villagers mentioned that there is no big tree along the canal. No forest area exist nearby 8. Majority of the villagers indicate that they generally not catch fishes from canal or nearby water course. They express that fish population is very less in canal water. 9. There are no social conflicts among the villagers in respect to water use. 10. Farmers generally used Gromour, DAP, urea, potash as fertilizer without testing the soil 11. 70% of the farmers disclose that they utilise pesticide for control of pest. In 35% cases farmers have not taken any precaution during application of pesticide. 12. There is flooding (after heavy rainfall) and field drainage problem (more than 50% cases) particularly at monsoon season. 13. As such no salinity problem of the land. But at Alijanga village when Luna river water enter into field soil salinity problem may arise. Also villagers of Sadanandpur reported salinity problem of the field. ii) Focused Group Discussions

245. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were used as an effective tool in the public participation process. The FGDs were held at Pradhanpada, Uchadiha, Alijanga, Badasardeipur, Netua and Sadanandapur covering head, middle and tail part of village with the help of local NGO active in environmental field to understand the implication of the project impacts on various groups, especially those with a distinct degree of vulnerability.

Issues discussed with the village community are regarding environmental aspects are given below. ¾ Awareness and extent of the project and development components ¾ Benefits of Project for the economic and social Upliftment of Community ¾ Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour involvement ¾ Sources of water for the villager and quality of available water ¾ Overall dependency on canal system ¾ Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work ¾ Necessity of tree felling, requirement and responsibility for the maintenance of canal bund plantation ¾ Views on disposal of debris and desilted soil from canal ¾ Water logging and drainage problem if any ¾ Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site ¾ Movement of wild animal if any within the village ¾ Use of fertilizer, manure, pesticide and bio-fertilizer ¾ Precaution during application of pesticide

66 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI ¾ Soil salinity problem ¾ Necessity of testing of water and soil.

C. Issues and Action Plan

246. On the basis of FGD some action plan is being recommended for fulfillment of villager demands and issues and mitigation of short term impacts.

Table 38: Issues of the Public Consultation Sr. Key Perception of village community Action to be Taken No. Issues/Demands 1 Awareness of the People were not much aware of this project Project should be project – including and felt that Pattamundai Major irrigation consider for detail coverage area project will bring prosperity to the village. design program and to be finalize for funding

2 Presence of any As per the villagers there are no special Points are noted forest, wild life or environmental components nearby. No any sensitive / forest and sensitive locations in and around unique Pattamundai command area environmental components nearby the project area 3 Presence of As per the villagers there are no special Points are noted historical/ cultural historical/ cultural site sites 4 Occurrence of flood Occurrence of flood noted during heavy Proper designing of rainfall drainage outlet will be absolutely required during detail designing 5 Drainage problem – Water logging and drainage problem exist Water logging not from canal water seepage at few places within the command area seepage only during flooding. Proper drainage arrangement needed 6 Salinity problem As per villagers there is no salinity problem except few villages like Sadanandapur Only after river water flooding soil salinity problem may arise 7 Testing of soil and Generally soil and water not tested Routine testing of water agricultural soil and irrigation water will be essential as per EMP. Provision of soil testing at block level is absolutely necessary. Responsibly can be given to pani panchyat 8 Cultivation practices At present people is cultivating paddy as Ensure sufficient during Kharif and Kharif crop. During rabi farmer tried mung, available water in entire Rabi seasons vegetables command area during People like to cultivate economically Rabi season by said rewarding crops like ground nut, spices, irrigation scheme potato and vegetables in the farms after Application of organic implementation of project manure will improve water holding capacity

67 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sr. Key Perception of village community Action to be Taken No. Issues/Demands and soil health 9 Use of fertilizer and Cultivators used chemical fertilizer like Pesticides those have pesticides for DAP, urea, super phosphate and potasic long residual cultivation of crops fertilizer without testing of soil persistence in soil Use of organic manure, bio-fertilizer are not should be banned and common close monitoring from Farmers used pesticides like Phorate, agricultural extension Dimecrone, Themate etc. some of them are side will be required. banned due to long persistence in soil Before application of chemical fertilizers soil testing will be required to maintain good productive soil health 10 Safety aspects In 80% cases no safety precaution taken up Safety precaution like during spraying/ during application of pesticide use of noise mask/ cloth application of and hand gloves is pesticide suggested through awareness program 11 Occurrence of Contamination of surface water through Application of organic pesticide pesticide leaching and that rarely causing fertilizer (that have contamination of fish death binding characteristics), surface water and bio-fertilizer and non contamination of fish use of banned pesticide are necessary 12 Availability of labour The farmers agreed to involve in project If labour available from during construction implementation by providing labour for beneficiary village no time excavation and earth work. need to bring Availability of labour may be a problem construction worker during intense cropping season from outside. Further community consultation will be required before starting of work 13 Access road to Access road to project site (particularly at Engineering design will project site minor canal side) is either old or non be required for existence transportation of Villagers said if required they will help for construction material construction of temporary road

14 Setting up worker Places available within the village. Point is noted for further camp site within the consultation just before village setting up workers camp In most of the areas setting up of labour camp is not necessary as labour will be available locally 15 Dust and noise May not be a problem for short duration Stringent control pollution and transport of materials and villagers will measures will be disturbances during accommodate the short period impact adopted as per EMP construction work Carefully controlled and continuously implementing soil wetting will be done

16 Safety of residents As per the opinion of villagers, since Application of safety during construction transportation of construction material is measures as per EMP

68 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI Sr. Key Perception of village community Action to be Taken No. Issues/Demands phase and plying of minimum it may not be a problem in lieu of vehicle for implementation of said beneficial and highly construction needed project activities 17 Conflict among Generally no water use conflict among the Point noted beneficiaries down villagers reported stream users 18 Enhancement of Requirement of sufficient and quality Points are noted and other facilities drinking water since water quality in few the subproject has villages not as per potable water standard provision for drilling on new dub wells and testing of water quality for some tube wells. 19 Non availability of Farmers (particularly head area where In implementation canal water during irrigation water available) agreed to sacrifice schedule EMP should construction one productive season due to closure of be consulted canal during construction Farmers requested consider lien period for construction work 247. The main points that emerge from public consultation are, • Villagers will cooperate in all aspects for implementation of the prestigious project • They will accommodate the short term impacts during construction phase • They need real help from government side for regular testing of agricultural soil and irrigation water • Environmental awareness program will be required for non use of banned pesticide as well as personal safety during application of pesticide • Non availability of the canal water during construction work- villagers requested planning of construction work during lien period when irrigation water not much required • Introduction of organic manure, bio-fertilizer and vermicompost will be required. Farmers have no knowledge on beneficial effect of utilization of bio-fertilizer • Minimization of conflict among water users through PP intervention • Solving of drainage problem at water logging area • Treatment of soil to reduce salinity 248. The approach adopted for the Project ensures that all sub-projects are community driven. Design and implementation involves the groups potentially influenced by the schemes, ensuring a very high level of public awareness and involvement at each stage. 249. The IEEs will be made available at the SIO office and consultation with the stake holders will be carried out during construction phase also and the PP will be informed about the project activities and will be made aware of the environmental issues during consultation. In accordance with the main issues identified in the project implementation in the Project Completion Report (PCR), essential elements incorporated into procedures for the Project include (i) understanding the project during the planning phase, (ii) physical and financial contributions during the construction phase, and (iii) taking ownership for operation, maintenance and management of the irrigation systems after construction.

D. Future Consultation and Disclosure

250. During construction period also consultations will be carried out with affected persons, stakeholders. Small meetings with the Pani Panchayat members and farmers and other

69 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI vulnerable communities including women will consulted to address any issues related to the proposed construction. The findings would be presented in the monitoring reports that would be submitted to ADB. The brief executive summary of the IEE would be translated into local language and it would be made available to local people at SIO office. 251. As per the ADB SPS 2009, for Environment Category “B” subproject, the following documents will be submitted to ADB for disclosure on ADB’s website. ¾ Draft IEE ¾ Final IEE ¾ A new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any, and ¾ Environmental Monitoring reports

70 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI VII. GRI EVANCE REDRESS MECHANI SMS 252. A joint social and environmental redress mechanism will be implemented under the Project. The Grievance Redressal Committee will be constituted at PMU level comprising of the Project Director, Resettlement Officer, Environmental officer, representative from local non – governmental organization(NGOs), elected representative from Panchayat, elected representative from Pani Pancyat representatives of affected persons including vulnerable groups and women in the committee. It is proposed GRC will meet regularly (at least once a month) on a prefixed date. All the grievances of the people will be reviewed and resolved within 6 weeks of the date of submission. Through public consultations and disclosure, the APs will be informed that they have a right to grievance redress. The APs can call upon the support of the NGO to assist them in presenting their grievances or queries to GRC. 253. Grievances and suggestions from local and affected people may come-up related to inappropriate implementation of the project and components of EMP. Grievance re-dress mechanism shall be translated in Odia language and posted to the respective village/Panchayat office by Contractor on behalf of the OIIAWMIP at least 6 weeks prior to commencement of construction works. 254. The expected range of grievances to be handled through this mechanism will encompass but not limited to the following: i) nuisance from noise, dust, borrow earth, disposal of spoil and temporary blocking of access; ii) contamination of receiving water from runoff iii) emissions from increase vehicular traffic and stationary sources like hot mix plant, WMM etc., ;iv) conflict between local residents and migrant workers; v) ownership of vegetation for clearing; and vi) damage compensation. These issues will be addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. Grievances from public or stakeholders concerning the project and EMP implementation will be received by the concerned Executive Engineer (SIO Manager) of the sub-project. The Executive Engineer shall refer the application to PD, PMU who with the help of Construction Management Specialist, Quality Control and Assurance Specialist and Environment specialist of ISPMC then assess the grievances/suggestions and if they are found to be genuine and acceptable, shall be moved to GRC and they will be resolved within 6 weeks from the date of receipt. In site the Contractor shall provide a sign board notifying the contact details of the GRC 255. This mechanism is non-judicial in nature and does not preclude the affected people coursing their grievances to the courts. The corrective action will be started as per the action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The action taken and the outcome shall form a part of half yearly report to ADB.

71 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI VIII. ENVI RONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A General

256. This chapter describes the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) to mitigate the likely adverse impacts arising from this project. This chapter also provides institutional requirements and environmental monitoring plans required to effectively implement the environmental mitigation measures into the project.

B Institutional Arrangement

257. The Figure 11 shows the organization structure of the DoWR for the OIIAWMIP project.

(Note:EIC – Engineer in Chief; C.E –Chief Engineer; S.E- Superintendent Engineer; E.E – Executive Engineer, A.E – Assistant Engineer, J.E – Junior Engineer; CAD – Command Area Development, O &M – Operation& Maintenance; D.D – Deputy Director; PPSU – Pani Panchayat Support unit; ISPMC- Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Consultants)

Figure 11: Organization structure of the DoWR for the OIIAWMIP Project

72 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI The key agencies involved in implementation of EMP are:

258. DoWR is the Executing Agency for OIIAWMIP. The DoWR has been reorganized to constitute a Command Area Development and Participatory Irrigation Management Directorate (CAD&PIM Directorate) for more effectively integrating irrigation system management and on- farm development through participation of the Pani Panchayats. The Project is being implemented through the existing setup technically headed by EIC. Special Secretary, DoWR has been designated as the Engineer-in-Chief for OIIAWMIP. Special Secretary, DoWR will advise and guide on overall implementation matters including PIM-CAD. 259. A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established within the CAD&PIM Directorate with a Project Director of the rank of Chief Engineer operating under the overall guidance of Additional Secretary cum Director CAD - PIM with the overall responsibility of program implementation. Chief Engineer cum Project Director, PMU will exercise the powers vested by the OPWD code for execution of all civil works. At the field level Sub-project Implementation Offices (SIO) have been formed to implement the program. For Major irrigation sub-projects the concerned Superintending Engineer is the Sub-project manager and the concerned Executive Engineer is the Sub-project manager for Medium irrigation Sub-projects. The Sub-Project Manager, who is a Superintending Engineer (SE) for major irrigation systems and an EE for medium schemes, will manage the Technical Cell as well as monitor and guide the CAD and PP Support Cells for effective integration and coordination of the sub-project activities, under the support and guidance of PMU, EIC (P&D), and ISPM Consultants provided through regular PMU-SIO meetings. 260. DoWR for effective implementation of Tranche-2 sub-projects under OIIAWMIP proposes to create one Circle, four Divisions, 12 Sub-Divisions under the Chief Engineer – cum – Project Director, PMU. Circle: One Superintending Engineer S.E will be in charge of circle office. He will be responsible for the managing the Technical Cell as well as monitor and guide the CAD and PP Support Cells for effective integration and coordination of the sub-project activities. Division: Under each division one Executive Engineer (E.E) will be in charge of the division for, processing tender and bid documents executing the works, check measurement etc. He will ensure the quality of the ongoing works etc. Sub-Division: Under each sub-division Assistant Engineer / Asst. Executive Engineer shall be in charge of the sub-division office. He will be supported by field functionaries like Junior Engineer and other field for execution, check measurement, monitoring the works and ensuring the quality of the work. 261. The Junior Engineer at the field level will be responsible for day to day environmental monitoring and the overall supervision and responsibility of EMP implementation will be with the concerned SIO ( S.E for Major sub project and E.E for medium sub project).

C. Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Consultants (ISPMC) 262. The ISPMC will have an Environment Specialist, Resettlement Specialist and Indigenous group Specialist who will support the PMU in advising and monitoring the EMP measures with help of SIO Staff and WUAs. The ISPMC will assist in reviewing all the contractors monthly environmental reports submitted by Contractors through SIO in consultation with PMU. They will assist the PMU in preparing environmental monitoring reports and other reports like preparation of IEEs, RP and social assessment reports.

D Responsible for carrying out monitoring measures - Staffing Requirements 263. As per the “ Environmental Assessment and Review Frame work (EARF) prepared for the project it states that “PMU will be responsible to undertake (i) environmental screening at subproject identification stage; (ii) preparation of IEEs/EIAs at subproject appraisal stage; and (iii) environmental management and mitigation during subproject implementation and operational stage. At appraisal, IEEs /EIAs will be done with the engagement of consulting firms

73 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI who would be guided by the project environmental specialist. Environmental management and mitigation will be undertaken by the construction contractors during construction phase under the supervision of the designated staff in the subproject management offices (SIOs) and monitored by PMU environmental cell. The consultants mobilized for institutional strengthening and project management will also be entrusted to provide necessary capacity development of the DOWR engineers and SIO S.E for major sub project and E.E for medium subproject) in terms of environmental planning and management”. 264. . The PMU / SIO of DoWR assisted by the WUAs, and the Institutional Strengthening and Project Management Consultants (ISPMC) will be guiding the implementation of the EMP. During project works the responsibility to implement environmental mitigation and safeguards shall be primarily on the Contractor for main canal, distributaries and minors and monitored by the SIO staff, DoWR. The field level Junior Engineer shall be made responsible for the monitoring the EMP activities of the Contractors. The SIO (S.E for major sub project and E.E for medium subproject). The field level Junior Engineer shall be made responsible for monitoring the EMP activities of the Contractors on a day to day basis. The SIO staff and WUAs with the help of ISPMC, Environment Specialist will monitor the EMP implementation of the Contractor. 265. While the implementation of sub-minors shall be on WUAs and monitored by SIO. Pani Panchayat Support Unit (PPSU) is the state level apex agency who is responsible for strengthening the PP activities. Under PPSU one Environmental Monitoring Specialist was recruited to provide capacity building of the PPs. He may be made responsible for the monitoring of WUAs along with SIO staff and these will work under the overall guidance of ISPMC. The WUAs will end up leading O&M responsibilities with the help of Environmental Monitoring Specialist of PPSU, CAD unit. 266. The current structure of DoWR indicates that they have no environmental management system. The WUAs will end up leading O&M responsibilities. Neither DOWR nor the WUAs are currently in a position to assume EMP responsibility. Their institutional capabilities and capacities will have to be developed and strengthened under the Project. 267. So for effective monitoring there is a need to designate or made in charge one Junior Engineer (Technical / Works) from each sub-project to look into the environmental aspects, he may be named as “ Environmental Co-coordinator” who would be working under the guidance of National Environment Specialist- ISPMC in addition to his regular duties. The Environmental Co-coordinators would be trained time to time; this will ensure proper and systematic environmental monitoring and ensuring timely compliances from the contractors. In addition Junior Engineer (O&M) would also be trained along with the Junior Engineer (Technical / Works) who will monitor after the completion of works i.e. during “Operation and Maintenance Period”. 268. To make environmental monitoring integral in to the system and since the projects are of larger scale there is a need for systematic and continuous monitoring. To ensure systematic monitoring the ISPMC had developed formats presented in Annexure-.10 & 10a. The format has to be filled up and submitted by the Contractor / WUAs to SIO staff on a monthly basis. The Contractors / WUAs and SIO shall be trained for filling up the format during the project period. 269. As per the Technical Specification for construction of civil works of ADB assisted schemes, DoWR, Odisha Section – 6 Clause – 1.23 – Sub – Clause 1.23.2, Contractors shall be designate as “Safety Officers” and he shall also be made responsible for environmental issues and he shall be named as an “Environmental Co-ordinator” from the Contractors side and he shall also be trained on the environmental issues. E. Reporting System or Responsible for Reporting 270. Reporting system suggested under this project is three tier systems: ¾ Reporting of the Contractor and WUAs to the SIO staff.(For the civil works implemented by Contractors monitoring shall be done SIO with the help of ISPMC and for the civil

74 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI works carried out by WUAs monitoring shall be done by SIO with the help of PPSU Environmental Monitoring Specialist). ¾ Reporting of ISPMC, Environment Specialist after evaluating the contractor reports and evaluating the indicators at PMU level (The reports submitted by Contractors shall be evaluated by ISPMC Environment Specialist and feedback provided to SIO and PMU); In addition, ISPMC, Resettlement Specialist for resettlement issues and Vulnerable Group Specialist responsible for preparing Indigenous People Development Plan (IPDP) and for any social related issues. ¾ PMU reporting to ADB and PMU shall submit annual environmental monitoring report to ADB 271. Environmental monitoring suggested involves regular checking of the parameters suggested in the environmental management plan to ascertain the mitigation measures are achieved as the work progress. It provides the necessary feedback and midcourse corrections for project management to keep the program to achieve the expected outputs. 272. The reporting system starts with the construction Contractor who is the main executor of the implementation activities. The Contractor will report on a monthly basis to SIO staff as per the check list provided in the Annexure10 to the Junior Engineer. Junior Engineer at the field will be responsible for ensuring EMP implementation in consultation with SIO, he on the basis of daily visits to the site and observations evaluates and submit to the SIO manager. This will form the basis for evaluating the Contractor on the implementation process. 273. For the works executed by Pani Panchayat or WUAs similar simplified reporting system is proposed, the PPs have to complete a check list Annexure 10a and submit to the SIO staff, the Environment Monitoring Specialist recruited under PPSU, CAD unit will evaluate on a monthly basis and submit to the PMU and ISPMC. 274. The Environment Specialist, ISPMC during period visits spot checks the sites and evaluates the monthly reports submitted by the Junior Engineer and PPSU Environmental Monitoring Specialist and on this basis brief quarterly reports would be prepared and submitted to the PMU and on a yearly basis a detailed report with corrective action plans would be prepared. 275. The PMU will submit the annual reports prepared during the construction phase to the ADB. The PMU in the monthly meetings should discuss the implementation of EMP with the SIO staff and ISPMC and suggest remedial measures to the contractor.

F. Environmental Mitigation Plan 276. An Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) is key to ensure a safe and clean environment. The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the project can only be obtained with a management plan to assure its proper implementation & function. The EMP outlines the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities. The EMP has been prepared addressing issues such as: • Mitigation measures for abatement of adverse impacts caused during the construction and operation stage; • Details of management plans; • Institutional set up identified/recommended for implementation of the EMP; • Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken;

G. Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP 277. The major impacts due to different project activities and their mitigation measures have been identified in Chapter 5. The environmental parameters checklist for the anticipated impacts and suggested mitigation measures with implementation and supervision responsibility

75 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI during Pre construction Table 39 and 40; Pre construction activity for the works executed by contractor Table 41, Construction phase for the works executed by contractor Table 42; Preconstruction activities for the works executed by WUAs Table 43 and Construction phase for the works executed by WUAs Table 44 and Operation & maintenance phases Table 45 for the Pattamundai subproject is shown below:

76 IEE & PC PATTAMUNDAI

Table 39:Environmental Parameters Checklist for Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project - Pre Construction Activity (Impacts due to Location)-Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Signific ion vision Modera ant Minor Major te Impact 1 Land Acquisition Not likely to cause specific environmental No land acquisition is involved only SIO PMU problems as long as steps are made to select sites existing ROW is being used √ which are not located in protected/inhabited areas etc 2 Encroachments As per the Resettlement Plan for Pattamundai Detailed Enumeration survey for SIO PMU & Resettlem prepared durog April and August 2013 would encroachemnts was carried out and a ISPMC ent Plan entail, the assets loss or encroachments to be Resettlement Plan was prepared for the R & R cleared are 855 in total i.e. around 369 in the sub project. Specia prepared canal section RD 0 to 37km and 486 in the canal As per the report there are 855 number of list separetly section RD 37 to 80 km (which includes encroachments which include residential, for the sub residential, commercial and other assets )units. commercial as other assets resources. proejct. However details of encroachments Pattamundai The cut of date for enumeration survey canal RD6.250,12.210,15.030,17.000, for encroachment as per RP report was 22.045,31.000, 36to 37.0 km (Large scale from Dec. 2012 to January 2013 encrochment at Balichandrapur Bazar like shop The proposed RP budget works out to houses,temporary cabins,Temples(33.5km) etc; Rs. 72,41,336 (US$ 134,099) for the 39 to 40 km,(Large scale encroachment at canal section from RD 0 to 37km and Rs. Charinangal Bazar like shop houses, ,temporary 64,80,852 (US$ 122,280) from RD 37 to √ cabins, etc); ,36.850, 37.0 to 39. to 40 km, 62 to 80 km of Pattamundai more details refer 63km; 76.0 to 76.50 km, RD 2.200 of Disty no. 3, Resettlement Plan for Pattamundai elampur minor, Nalipur s/m RD 0 to 2 km; Disty prepared and submitted to ADB during No.5 RD 1.2 to 2.1 km, and 3.0 to 49 km; Disty April & August 2013 No. 5A RD 0.9km 3.5 to 4r.4 km; Disty No 5B at RP implementaion cost shall borne by the Alipur, Disty No 7A RD 3.68km; Disty No. 7A -1 exucuting agency and the Livelihood RD 4.2km; Gokhasahi s/m RD 0.45 km , Disty no8; Assistance cost will be borne out of disty no 11 etc., and almost all intersections of the OIIAWMIP loan fund for RP roads and VRB points are found within the ROW implementation. Encraochments in the form of fencing or cultivation after toe line with in the ROW may get affected. Banana Planation and some trees were raised with in the ROW may get affected

77

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Signific ion vision Modera ant Minor Major te Impact 3 Tree cutting Removal of trees planted on the embankment To the possible extent the desig should SIO PMU & with in the ROW reduce or avoid tree cutting. ISPMC If any trees need to be removed from the ROW before actual commencement of work, it shall be done in permission with the State Forest Department. √ Stacking, transport and storage of wood shall be done as per the relevant norm. All efforts shall be made to preserve trees including evaluation of miinor deisgns , adjustmentment / alternatives to save trees to the possible extent. 5 Utilities SIO should Identify the electric poles SIO PMU& Utilities like electric poles are noticed on the which may be a hinderance as per the ISPMC embankment at Pattamundai canal RD 36.5 to designs. During survey and detailed 36.85km; 39 to 40km; 48 to 53km; 62.5 to 63.5 estimate a contingency plan for shifting if km; some poles in the distributaries, minors and necessary should be done and the √ subminors were found on the embankment within utilities need to be shifted if necessary the ROW with the appropriate permission from the electicity department as per the provisions 5 Canal weeds Reduced water flow and delayed water supply Provision for removal of weeds during SIO PMU& noticed in the silted resectioning and PP members may be ISPMC protions of the canal encouraged to prepare vermi compost with the weeds. SIO shall establish √ linkage with the agriculture department for establishment of vermic-compost units or encouraged to prepared ornaments with weed like water hyacinth

78

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Signific ion vision Modera ant Minor Major te Impact 6 Religious and Temples at RD 13.560km , 31.000km, 5.400 km of The religious structures shall not be SIO PMU& community Gobri extention canal were found with in the ROW affected to the possible extent , the ISPMC structures amy be affected. designs shall accommodate, if necessary if the temples need to be relocated this shall be done in consultation with the local people. √

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Table 40: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project - Pre Construction Activity (Impacts During Design and Survey) - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Significa ion vision Modera nt Minor Major te Impact 1 Trees cutting Change in Aesthetic value During detailed, the SIO with the help of survey team √ SIO staff with PMU, Some trees and in consultation with Deisgn Engineers shall the help of Design are noted on assess the number of trees that may likely to affect survey team engine the canal due to the designs. Contractor er, embanKment If some trees may be required to be cut to the ISPMC s possible extent trees cut would be minimized Some part of the Project budget shall be consider for tree- planting activities wherever places available along the

canal / distributaries. The proposed tentative budget is provided in the Table 48 Suitable species suitable to the area need to be selected in consultation with horticultural department. This would also have the added value of employing water conservation methodologies and thus increased sustainability of the system and stability of canal slope. 2 Utilities The number of electric poles that need to be shifted √ SIO Staff PMU Utilities like electric poles are shallll be identified, if necessary to be shifted SIO noticed on the embankment at and shall include some contingency plan for shifting in Design Pattamundai canal RD 36.5 to consultation with the electricity department.. 36.85km; 39 to 40km; 48 to Engine 53km; 62.5 to 63.5 km; some er, poles in the distributaries, minors ISPMC and subminors were found on the embankment within the ROW

3 Impact on productivity Due to drainage problem in few During project planning proper drainage arrangement √ SIO staff with PMU, due to water stagnation locations – impact on also should be planned. As part of the improvement the help of Design after irrigation productivity. the existing 63 no of drainage syphons which are in survey team engine

bad condition are going to be renovated and er, additional 30 new drainage syphons are being ISPMC provided in new lcoations 80

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Significa ion vision Modera nt Minor Major te Impact 4 Proposed Tube well Scope for changes in ground A preliminary need assessment and identification of √ SIO Staff PMU Drilling water potential sites for the proposed drilling based on the peoples need to be carried out. The sites or locations identified shall be away from dumps, refuse piles, storage facilities, pit toilets, fields fertilized with dung, septic tanks, drains , away from flooding areas. Identify the locations which are socially acceptable Care shall be taken not to locate the tube wells adjacent to the existing tube wells , the distance between two tube wells proposed shall be as per the Odisha State Ground water department rules. Odisha state ground water department should be consulted for the proposed depth and precautions while drilling and suitability of the proposed site for quantity and quality before finalisation of the drilling site by the SIO.

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Table 41:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Main canal, Distributaries and Minors executed by Contractors) - Pre Construction Activity (Construction Contractor) - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Significa ion vision Modera nt Minor Major te Impact 1 Establsihment of Camp Disruption to traffic flow and Contractor shall avoid establishment of camp / plant in √ Contractor SIO / Plants sensitive receptors and change forest areas. Staff, landuse aswell as aesthetic value Contractor shall prioritize areas with in or nearest PMU of area possible vacant space within the subproject without and affecting property, forest, vegetatiion, drinking water ISPMC sources and away from the water bodies and the canal sytem. All construction plants shall be sited surrificiently away from the settlements and agricultural operations or any commercial establishments. Such plants shall be located at least 100m away from the nearest dwelling preferably in the downwind direction. The Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for

all such plant sites establsiehd and approved by the SIO manager. Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of wind screen, water sprinklers and dust extraction systems shall have to be provided at all such sites. If any contractor has to establish crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants shall comply with the requirements of the relevant emission control legislations. Consent for Establsihment and Operation from state pollution control board Odisha shall be obtained before establishment and operation and a copy to be submitted to the SIO Manager.

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Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Significa ion vision Modera nt Minor Major te Impact 2 Soruces of Materials Borrow areas- extraction of Finalisation of borrow areas for earth and all logistic √ Contractor SIO materials like earth etc., can arrangementsas well as compliance to environmental Staff disrupt natural drainage, requirements, as applicable shall be the sole and vegetation and resulting in respsonsibility of the Contractor. PMU accelerated erosion and leading Selection Criteria of Borrow areas is as follows: ISPMC to water stagnation, ponding and Contractor shall identify the potential borrow areas pollution and take permission from SIO manager before operating any borrow areas. The Contractor shall not start borrowing earth from selected borrow area untill the mutual agreement is signed between landowner and Contractor. Copy of the document shall be submitted to SIO manager. The Contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. 1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available.

2) The borrow pits should not be located along the roads. 3) The loss of productive and agricultural land should be minimum. 4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. 5) Sufficient quality of soil is available. 6) The Contractor will ensure the availability of suitable earth.The Contractor shall obtain representative samples form each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme as approved by the concerned Engineer. It shall be ensured that the fill material compacted to the required density. Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow areas shall be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads shall be routed to avoid a gricultural areas as well as forest areas as far as possible and shall use the existing village roads wherever possible.

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Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Super Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure Significa ion vision Modera nt Minor Major te Impact Quarry areas-Extraction of The Contractor shall finalize the quarry for √ Contractor SIO materials like earth etc., can procurement of constrcution materials after Staff disrupt natural drainage, assessment of the availability of sufficient materials, and vegetation and resulting in quality and other logistic arrangements. PMU accelerated erosion and leading A prelimianry survey has been carried out by the SIO ISPMC to water stagnation, ponding and and identified the quarry as shown in Annexure 4. pollution If extraction shall be done, prioritize sites already permitted by the Mining or concerned department, Contractor shall purchase materials and finalize vendors who have valid permissions. The list of potential crusher who has valid license from State Pollution Control board, Odisha is enclosed for reference as Annexure 2. If other sites are necessary and the contractor want to use,let the contractor obtain necessary prmission from the concerned regulatory authority and inform SIO Manager. Sand The sand shall be procured from identified (by √ Contractor SIO SIO)sand mines as far as possible. If Contractor Staff wishes to procure from other sources he shall obtain and the lease agreement of the supplier PMU ISPMC 3 Drilling of tube wells Possibility of drilling tube wells in The contractor along with SIO staff should locate all √ Contractor SIO a near distance and change in the potential sites proposed for drilling and initiate Staff water quality drilling as per the provisions of the contract. and PMU ISPMC

84

Table 42: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Main canal, Distributaries and Minors executed by Contractors) - Construction Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 1 Inadequate Potential damages to system Contractor to execute works in accordance with standard Contract √ Contractor SIO monitoring during likely to be maximised as a Specification. Provision of site supervisory staff to ensure quality Staff, construction stages result of neglect on part of control and adherence to contract requirements. Monthly progress PMU and contractor. reporting and recording of community complaints/ objections. ISPMC Issues to be resolved jointly with Project (SIO), PMU and ISPMC. 2 Tube well drilling Scope for contamination of The Contractor after tube well drilling shall purge and √ Contractor SIO water decontaminate before it is put to use Staff, PMU and Tube well shallbe sealed and its pedal shall be sealed properly to ISPMC avoid mixing of impurties mixing witih ground water A concrete pad around the tube well may be constructed 3 Site clearance – Damage to existing If any vegetation shall be removed from construction site / zone √ Contractor SIO Clearing and vegetation before commencement of construction shalll be carried out such Staff, grubbing that damage to the surrouding vegetation other than identifieid PMU and vegetation proposed for clearing is minimal. ISPMC Only ground cover/ shrubs that impinge directly at the work site shall be removed prior approval from SIO staff and in consultation with Environment Specialist 4 Disposal of debris Scope for contamination of To the possible extent the materials like stone and other reusable √ Contractor SIO from dismantling soil and blcokage of natural materials shall be utlized in the construction. Staff, structures and spoil drains and pollution of The iron and wood generated if any would be dispossed off as a PMU , ground water by dumping of surplus stock and scrap shall be autioned as per the procedures ISPMC construction spoils of Odisha Water Resoruces Department.

85

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 5 Disposal of canal silt Affect agricultural land / The generated cutting material from the canal, the suitable √ Contractor SIO Before forest land and change in material shall be used in the filling after material testing and Staff, disposal of land use for stacking of silt obtaining necessary approval from the SIO. PMU , silt The remaining material based on the suitability shall be disposed ISPMC chemical on the left side of the main canal after toe line within the ROW and testing also in the adjacent low lying government land available along the shall be main canal after obtaining necessary permission from the carried out. competent authority. However, if any excess found shall be dispossed off in old borrow areas, quarries,low lying government areas etc after taking appropriate permission from SIO staff If available in excess after testing for pesticide and heavy metails it can be distributed to farmers for using in agricultural fields. If the silt is found to be contamiinated then it should not be distributed to farmers however the contractor with the help of SIO shall identify low lying waste lands or play grounds and disposed off in that area and some plantation can be made on this area. 6 Stripping , Stocking Loss of productive soil and Before beginning the construction of embankments the surface √ Contractor SIO and Damage to top plant nutrients – impact on area of ground to be occupied shall be cleared of all roots and Staff, agricultural soil due production vegetable matter and stripped to a suitable depth as per IS: 4701 - PMU , to earth work 1982 ISPMC (i)Depth of stripping 5.0 to 7.5 cm for soil containaing light grasscover (ii) Depth upto to bottom of ploughed zone usally 15.0 to 22.5 cm in agricultural land. Top soil may be preserved and resued in turfing activities if possible in borrow areas bunds or if excess shall be distributed to farmers for using in the agricultural lands Project activities shall be carried out during lean period and non- monsoon period for minimizing loss.

86

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 7 Earth from Borrow Loss of productive soil and Contractor shall not be permitted to borrow areas in forest areas √ Contractor SIO staff, areas for plant nutrients – impact on Contractor shall identify location of borrow areas and get approval PMU and construction production from SIO staff and in consultation ISPMC. ISPMC Earth material should be taken from barren land or selected borrow area during lean period as per IS Code 1498 after taking approval from SIO Manager. Borrow areas should be dug as per IS code :4701 and prior approval from the competent authorities must be taken before execution and mutual agreement with the land owners should be taken by the contractor and ensure the borrow areas should not have any environmental issues like water logging etc. Borrow areas should be avoided in agricultural areas as well as forest areas. Required permission should be obtained from the authorized person as stipulated in the Orissa state minor minerals act and if operating in private lands mutual agreement and no objection certificate need to be produced to SIO by the contractor. 8 Quarry operation Can disrupt natural drainage, The contractor shall obtain materials from approved quarries only √ Contractor SIO staff, vegetation and results in after the consent of Department of mines and Geology and District PMU and accelerated erosion Administration. If any crusher need to be established it shall be ISPMC done after obtaining proper consents for establishment and operation from the statutory agencies. All the materials pruchased shall be from the approved vendors 9 Storage of Storage of construction Temporary impact – materials should be stored properly avoiding √ Contractor SIO staff, Only Construction materials may temporary agricultural lands. PMU and rehabilitati materials like sand, change local land use ISPMC on work stone etc no change in land use

87

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 10 Use of acces roads Deterioration in quality of Limited construction period, careful planning, restrictions on √ Contractor SIO staff, and Transporting of road condition and damage construction workers movements, adequate monitoring and PMU and Construction of forest cart roads wiithin the adhering to specified speed limits. ISPMC materails and Haul forest areas At project sites some bridges at locations are already in very poor Road Management shape, therefore proposed for reconstruction, the contractor shall avoid all such bridges All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor or any of his suppliers of material shall maintain properly during construction period and clear any materials dropped by the vehicles. 11 Transproting of Dust pollution – nuisances Contractor and his material shall cover vehicles while transporting √ Contractor SIO staff, materails and and health hazards to materials. PMU and opeation of travellers / neighbours / Careful planning to minimize and offset losses ISPMC equipment workers Construction practices in accordance with Specification, The areas adjoining to community consultation prior to detailed design and adequate construction sites would be monitoring shall be carried out subjected to the air pollution Temporary impact on air quality shall be mitigated by using water from both due to construction sprinklers. Trucks carrying dirt, earth material, sand and metal to work (including operation Of and from construction site, should be limited and wetted to prevent equipments) and vehicle material being spilled on public roads. movement with construction Necessary protection has to be taken to meet relevant emission materials standards for all construction machinery and vehicle, maintaining construction equipment in good condition and servicing diesel engines for reduction of emissions. The contractor shall ensure all the vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction are well maintained and confirm that emissions levels comply with the relevant statutory requirements of CPCB and Motor Vehicle Rules

88

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 12 Noise from vehicles, Nuisances to travelers/ All construction plants and equipment used in construction shall √ Contractor SIO staff, plants and workers and neighbors if strictly conform to the MoEF / CPCB noise standards PMU and equipments and increase in sound levels – All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with ISPMC Vibration hazards health hazard exhaust silencers Regular servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during servicing the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked All the construction sites with in 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, operation of DG sets and any high noise construction equipment shall be stopped during night time between 10.00 pm and 6.00 am. Working hours of the construction activities around sensitive areas like schools / hospitals upto a distance of 100m shall be restricted. 13 Contamination of Water pollution from fuel and The contractor shall procure fuel from the nearest oulet if any √ Contractor SIO staff, water due to fuel lubricants minor storage if he does he shall ensure the land is not PMU and and lubricants and contaminated. ISPMC construction waters Contractor shall avoid oil spillage etc. Contractor shall not wash his vehicle in the canals Contractor shall ensure or install equipment in such a way that the waste water doesn’t enter the canal during monsoon period. 14 Interference with Disruption of services and Close consultation with community during planning and design √ Contractor SIO staff, existing road land uses and settlements stages necessary, since houses of local villagers located very PMU and network and traffic, adjacent to the canal. Road close to road – therefore safety requirement is most important , ISPMC blockage of access in some sections runs construction implementation in accordance with specification, prior ways. Restriction on parallel to canals. agreement with community on alignment of access roads and movements of irrigation infrastructure, and monitoring. communities Contractor shall if necessary prepare a traffic management plan in consultation with the local police and ensure adequate safety measure.

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Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 15 Soil Erosion and Degraded embankments, Employment of stringent construction practices and monitoring √ Contractor SIO staff, Siltation damage to soil and general Confirming excavations opearions and slope stabilisation work( PMU and land value. Increased such as avoiding deep cutting of borrow areas, borrow areas shall ISPMC sedimentation build-up and be connected to natural drain)and arranging sprinkling of water clogging of surrounding during the dry season only and compaction in main canal by waterways. powered road roller and vibtratory roller and in the distributaries, minors and sub-minors by ordinary compaction Careful construction planning for surface protection particularly before monsoon season and provision of turfing and plantation. Plantation can be taken up on the canal embakments with the available funds under plantation and also with the other ongoing shcemes of Govt. Odisha like social forestry programmes etc

16 Stocking materils Damage to natural drainage Assessment of existing drainage channels during construction √ Contractor SIO or Blockage of patterns stages. Contractor to maintain natural drainage, stipulate in Staff, natural drainage Contract Specification. Provision of site supervision during PMU and with materails Presently natural Drains are construction implementation. ISPMC dominant with weeds 17 Personnel Safety Workers health would get Contractor shall provide the necessary personnel Protective √ Contractor SIO Measures for affected Equipment (PPE) like foot wear, gloves, protective goggles and Staff, Labour eye –shields etc for workers emplyed in concrete, crusehrs, PMU and welders and bitumen work ISPMC Ear plugs to workers exposed to loud noise and workers working in crushers etc if the contractor establishes. The contractor shall comply with all the regulations regarding safe scaffoldiing, ladders, working platforms, excavations and safe emans of entry and engress The contractor shall not employ any person below age of 14 years for any work and no pregnant women. The contractor shall comply with all the relevant provisions of the Orissa Buidlings and other Construction Workers ( Regulations of Employment and conditions of service) Rules 2002 and shall also comply with the precautions as required for ensurig the safety of thw worKmen as per International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No 62 as far as thise are applicable to this contract.

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Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 18 Traffic and Safety Disruption of services and The contractor shall take all necessary measures for maintining √ Contractor SIO may lead to accidents the traffic during construction and errect safety barricades, safety Staff, ribbons and safety boards including sign boards, flags and other PMU and measures as per the requirement ISPMC 19 Protection of public Loss of public / workers Project staff to provide basic health and safety trainings to all √ Contractor SIO and workers health health status construction workers and providing periodic health check ups and Staff, and safety AIDS awareness camps PMU and ISPMC 20 Risk from Electric Scope for electric socks and While giving level or marking workers should ensure they take √ Contractor SIO Poles / lines and electrocution hazard preventive measures while working with electric lines. Staff, electrical The contractor shall take all required precautions to prevent PMU and equipments danger from electrical equipmetns and esnures that he doesn’t ISPMC place or stack any material that may cause danger or inconvenince to any person or public All machines and equipments and lighting used will be as per the IS standards and shall mainatian properly withoout any defects. 21 Damage to different Along the canal side few Close consultation with community prior to detailed design to √ Contractor SIO No forest flora / fauna habitats trees are presnt- during identify important flora/fauna habitats. Careful planning of Staff, land exist renovation work those trees infrastructure alignment prior to construction/ implementation. PMU and along the will be felled Stipulate in Conditions of Contract and provision of site ISPMC canal supervision. Plantation of trees along the irrigation canal compensate loss of flora Contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workers from damaging any flora or fauna of the area including fishig or hunting of any animals in the area. If by chance if the contractor sights any animal (wild) the contractor shall inform the SIO staff and Environment Specialist and need to be reported to the State Forest Department immeidately and shall take appropriate steps / measures in consultation with Forest Department Officials

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Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 22 Temporary closure Non availability of irrigation Consultation with local Water Users Associations members or √ Contractor SIO of irrigation system water and impact on Panu Panchayt memebers befor closing the canal Staff, production and livelihood of PMU and farmers The construction activities will be scheduled after Kharif crop ISPMC period only Proper information shall be given to the farmers 23 Digging activity – By Chance if any While excavating or dismantling any structure if any fossils, coins, √ Contractor SIO Chance found Archaeological property is articles of value / antiquity and remians of archaelogical interest Staff, Archaeological found while digging discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and PMU and property shall be dealt with as oer the provisions of the relevant legislation ISPMC The Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to prevent his worKmen or any other persons from damaging or removing any such articles, if any articles found shall be brought to the notice of SIO and Environment Specialist and shall seek the direction of Archaelogical Survey of India (ASI) before contractor recommencing the work 24 Provision of Basic Scope for providing improper The Contractor shall provide the basic accomodatios as per the √ Contractor SIO Ameneties and accomodation and basic provisions of the Orissa Building and Construction Workers Rules Staff, proper amenities to workers The location and layout of the labour camps shall be provided to PMU and accomodation the SIO staff and take his approval ISPMC The Contracator will ensure all the basic amenities like provision of drinking water at work site and camps and proper sanitation facilities and arrangement for eating the food. The drinking water he provides shall be as per the IS 10,500. 25 Clearing of site Scope for not clearing The Contractor shall ensure that he clears all the unwmanted √ Contractor SIO before monsoon materials from the site materials from the canal bed which may effect or obstruct after Staff, and Demobilization especially cutting materils releasing the water into canal PMU and of contractor from the canal bed and In the tube wells drilled areas pits if any removed shall be refilled ISPMC materiasl used for All excess materials and debris shall be cleared construction 26 Tree plantation Scope for wrong species SIO shall consult horticultural department before selecting the tree √ SIO staff PMU and selection and not able to species that would be planted along the canal ISPMC survive Approriate distance shall be maintained and Regular maintenance shall be carried out.

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Table 43:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Sub Minors executed by WUAS) – Pre construction Activity - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 1 Sources of Materials Extraction of materials like WUAs shall identify the potential borrow areas and take √ PP/ WUAs SIO Staff earth etc., can disrupt appropirate permission from the regulating agencies and shall and PMU natural drainage, vegetation enter into mututal agreements with the land owners. WUAS shall ISPMC and resulting in accelerated obtain SIO manager permission before operating any borrow erosion and leading to water areas. stagnation, ponding and Selection Criteria of Borrow areas is as follows: IS 4701: 1982 pollution No borrow pits shall be dug with in 5m of the toe of the embankment, if the depth of the borrow pit is less than 0.5m it shall be after 5m of the toe of the embankment and if the pit depth shall be more than 0.5m it shall be 10m of the toe of the embankment or within such a distance from the toe of the bank where a 4:1 hydraulic gradient line cuts the ground surface, which ever more. Borrow pits shall not be more than 1m in depth and 25 m in length. A clear distance of 1m shall be left between the pits The bed of borrow pits shall be left reasonably smooth and even. WUAs shall not be permitted to lift any materials from the forest areas. WUAs shall purchase materials and finalize vendors who have valid permissions in consultation with SIO staff.

93

Table 44:Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project (Sub Minors executed by WUAS) –Construction Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 1 Inadequate Potential damages to system WUAs to execute works in accordance with standard Contract √ PP/ WUAs SIO monitoring during likely to be maximised as a Specification. Staff, construction stages result of neglect on part of PMU and contractor. ISPMC 2 Site clearance – Damage to existing If any vegetation shall be removed from construction site / zone √ PP/ WUAs SIO Clearing and grubbing vegetation before commencement of construction shalll be carried out such Staff, that damage to the surrouding vegetation other than identifieid PMU and vegetation proposed for clearing is minimal. ISPMC Only ground cover/ shrubs that impinge directly at the work site shall be removed prior approval from SIO staff and in consultation with Environment Specialist 3 Disposal of debris Scope for contamination of To the possible extent the materials like stone and other √ PP/ WUAs SIO from dismantling soil and blockage of natural reusable materials shall be utlized in the construction. Staff, structures and spoil drains and pollution of The iron and wood generated if any would be dispossed off as a PMU , ground water by dumping of dead stock and scrap shall be autioned as per the procedures PPSU construction spoils of Odisha Water Resoruces Department. and ISPMC 4 Disposal of canal silt Affect agricultural land and The sub-minors shall generated very low quantities of cutting √ PP/ WUAs SIO Before change in land use for material if any generates material suitable for filling shall be Staff, disposal of stacking of silt utlized to the possible extent. The remaining mateirals shall be PMU , silt utilized in filling in the low lying sections the canal bank within PPSU chemical the available ROW and testing will If available in excess after testing for pesticide and heavy metails ISPMC be required it can be distributed to farmers for using in agricultural fields

94

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 5 Stripping , Stocking Loss of productive soil and Before beginning the construction of embankments the surface √ PP/ WUAs and Damage to top plant nutrients – impact on area of ground to be occupied shall be cleared of all roots and agricultural soil due to production vegetable matter and stripped to a suitable depth as per IS: 4701 earth work - 1982 (i)Depth of stripping 5.0 to 7.5 cm for soil containaing light grasscover (ii) Depth upto to bottom of ploughed zone usally 15.0 to 22.5 cm in agricultural land. Top soil may be preserved and resued in turfing activities if possible in borrow areas bunds or if excess shall be distributed to farmers for using in the agricultural lands Project activities shall be carried out during lean period and non- monsoon period for minimizing loss. 6 Earth from Borrow Loss of productive soil and WUAs shall identify location of borrow areas and get approval √ PP/ WUAs areas for construction plant nutrients – impact on from SIO staff and in consultation ISPMC. production Earth material should be taken from barren land or selected borrow area during lean period as per IS Code 1498 after taking approval from SIO Manager. Borrow areas should be dug as per IS code :4701 and prior approval from the competent authorities must be taken before execution and mutual agreement with the land owners should be taken by the contractor and ensure the borrow areas should not have any environmental issues like water logging etc. Borrow areas should be avoided in agricultural areas as well as forest areas. Required permission should be obtained from the authorized person as stipulated in the Orissa state minor minerals act and if operating in private lands mutual agreement and no objection certificate need to be produced to SIO by the contractor. 7 Quarry operation Can disrupt natural drainage, The WUAS shall obtain materials from approved quarries only. √ PP/ WUAs vegetation and results in accelerated erosion All the materials pruchased shall be from the approved vendors.

95

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 8 Storage of Storage of construction Temporary impact – materials should be stored properly avoiding √ PP/ WUAs SIO Only Construction materials may temporary agricultural lands in consultation with local people Staff, rehabilitati materials like sand, change local land use PMU , on work stone etc PPSU no change and in land use ISPMC 9 Use of access roads Deterioration in quality of √ PP/ WUAs SIO and Transporting of road condition LIMITED CONSTRUCTION PERIOD AND SMALL Staff, Construction QUANTIES OF MATERIALS INVOLVED, SO PMU , materials and Haul CARE NEED TO BE TAKEN AND IF ANY PPSU Road Management DAMAGES THE WUAS SHALL MAINTAIN and ISPMC C 10 Interference with Disruption of services and Close consultation with community during planning and design √ PP/ WUAs SIO existing road network land uses stages necessary. since local communties are involved they will Staff, and traffic, blockage take precautions in protecting the interest and safety of the PMU , of access ways. people living around. PPSU Restriction on and movements of CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTATION IN ACCORDANCE ISPMC communities WITH SPECIFICATION, PRIOR AGREEMENT WITH COMMUNITY ON ALIGNMENT OF ACCESS ROADS AND IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE, AND MONITORING 11 Soil Erosion and Degraded embankments, Employment of stringent construction practices and monitoring √ PP/ WUAs SIO Siltation damage to soil and general Staff, land value. Increased Confirming excavations opearions and slope stabilisation work PMU , sedimentation build-up and during the dry season PPSU clogging of surrounding Careful construction planning for surface protection particularly and waterways. before monsoon season and provision of turfing and plantation ISPMC 12 Stocking materials or Damage to natural drainage Assessment of existing drainage channels during construction √ PP/ WUAs SIO Co- Blockage of natural patterns stages. WUAs to maintain natural drainage, stipulate in Contract Staff, odrination drainage with Presently natural Drains are Specification. Provision of site supervision during construction PMU , with CADA materials with weeds implementation. PPSU division and recommen ISPMC ded

96

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 13 Protection of public Loss of public / workers Awareness to workers / staff to provide basic health and safety √ PPSU SIO and workers health health status trainings to all construction workers Staff, and safety PMU , PPSU and ISPMC 14 Risk from Electric Scope for electric socks and While giving level or marking workers should ensure they take √ PP/ WUAs SIO Poles / lines and electrocution hazard preventive measures while working with electric lines. Staff, electrical equipments PMU , The WUAs shall take all required precautions to prevent danger PPSU from electrical equipmetns and esnures that he doesn’t place or and stack any material that may cause danger or inconvenince to ISPMC any person or public

15 Damage to different Along the canal side few WUAS shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workers √ PP/ WUAs SIO Canal RD - flora/fauna habitats trees are presnt- during from damaging any flora or fauna of the area including fishig or Staff, ---through renovation work those trees hunting of any animals in the area. PMU , RF and will be felled PPSU …..through If by chance if the WUAS sights any animal (wild) the WUAs and village shall inform the SIO staff and Environment Specialist and need ISPMC forest to be reported to the State Forest Department immeidately and shall take appropriate steps / measures in consultation with Forest Department Officials

16 Digging activity – By Chance if any While excavating or dismantling any structure if any fossils, √ PP/ WUAs SIO Chance found Archaeological property is coins, articles of value / antiquity and remians of archaelogical Staff, Archaeological found while digging interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the PMU , property Government and shall be dealt with as oer the provisions of the PPSU relevant legislation and ISPMC The WUAs shall take reasonable precautions to prevent his worKmen or any other persons from damaging or removing any such articles, if any articles found shall be brought to the notice of SIO and Environment Specialist and shall seek the direction of Archaelogical Survey of India (ASI) before WUAs recommencing the work

97

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 17 Clearing of site Scope for not clearing The WUAs shall ensure that he clears all the unwmanted √ WUAs SIO Staff before monsoon and materials from the site materials from the canal bed which may effect or obstruct after Demobilization of especially cutting materils releasing the water into canal contractor from the canal bed and materiasl used for construction

Table 45: Environmental Parameters Checklist for anticipated impacts and Mitigation Measures for Pattamundai Sub-project – Operation and Maintenance Phase - Environmental Mitigation Plan

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 1 Overall Environmental Competent O&M plus Monitoring of irrigation water quality and soil quality will be √ WUAs & SIO PMU and Presently problem monitoring necessary. required during operation phase for maintaining best productive staff PPSU soil and environment. Env. irrigation The proposed sampling locations, parameters to be monitored Monitorin water not and frequency are provided in Table 46 and proposed buget and g tested stage of testing is provided in Table 48 of this chapter. Specialis t 2 Impact on canal Fast multiply water hyacinth Regular deweeding and checking of weeds by mechanical √ WUAs & SIO PMU and system due weeds reduces or impairs flow of means or by usage of herbicides if necessary. staff PPSU growth water and reduces water Involving community and PP members in undertaking regular Env. availability, damages cleaning and encouraging the PP to prepare compost with the Monitorin structures and becomes help of agriculture department. g habitat of mosquitoes Specialis t

98

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 3 Impact due to non- Damages to the earthwork The responsibility of maintaining main canal, distributaries likes √ WUAs & SIO PMU and maintainance due to raincuts, damage to with the SIO staff and minor and sub-minors with WUAs. staff PPSU the structures etc The responsibilities of PP are as: Env. Removal of silt and proper up keeping off minor/ sub-minor/ Monitorin water courses / field channels and field drains g Repair and maintenance of inspection path and service roads Specialis Removal of grass, shrubs and bushes from the canal t embankment and canal beds Repair and maintenance of all structures in the distribution system handed over for operation and maintenance. Restoration of banks – earthwork Repairs to lining, painting, plastering and replacing damage portions to structures etc. 4 Non Restoration of Ecological unbalancing Monitoring of survival of tree planted along the canal, The SIO √ Contractor/ PMU and aesthetics after with the help of contracot / local Forest Department / Horticulture WUAs & SIO PPSU construction activity Department shall monitor the survival. staff/ / local Env. overall ecological Forest Monitorin impact. After completion of works, replanting of economically and Department / g aesthetically important plants can be ensured along the canal Horticulture Specialis area. Greening of this area may offset the ecological effects of Department t the clearing and felling of trees during the construction phase. Further in course of time the population of avian fauna may go up and enhance the biological diversity. 5 Modification of soil The changes in agriculture Continued use of deep rooting grasses and shrubs to further √ WUAs & SIO PMU and practices may result in soil strengthen bunds and terrace walls, and promotion of continued staff and PPSU modifications, including use of organic based practices – use of bio fertilizer and vermi- agriculture Env. increased susceptibility to compost. dept Monitorin slumping, reduced nutrient g status and impaired structure Specialis if the organic matter content t is not maintained.

99

Sl. IEE Responsibility Remarks No No Significant Impact Implementat Supervi Signif ion sion Field / Activity Anticipated Impact Recommended Mitigation Measure icant Modera Minor Major Impa te ct 6 Soil and water Increased use of Optimum utilization of chemical fertilizer and discourage √ WUAs & SIO PMU and Presently contamination due to agrochemicals including utilization of long persistence and banned pesticide staff and PPSU use of bio- agrochemicals mineral fertilizers and Use of bio fertilizer and vermi-compost to minimize agriculture Env. fertilizer pesticides, which may result contamination dept Monitorin and in soil and water Post project water quality both surface and ground water, silt and g organic contamination. soil shall be monitored for the pollutants Specialis manure is t limited 7 Impact on biodiversity Biodiversity may be Awareness raising through the agriculture extension component √ WUAs & SIO WUAs & PMU and affected by increased and promoting under the agriculture extension component the staff and PPSU PPSU specialized mono-cropping, use of indigenous multi-purpose trees for soil protection, agriculture and use of agrochemicals, watershed management and cash crop production, optimum use dept agricultur introduction of alien of agrochemical e dept (invasive) species, introduction of high yielding varieties (HYV).

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H. Environmental Monitoring Plan

279. Environmental Monitoring is an essential component of any developmental project, it is an integral; part of any environmental assessment process. Any intervention in the form of development shall have complex-inter relationships between people, natural resources, biotic and other forces resulting in a new environment. So it is essential to monitor critical environmental parameters in the pre-post project scenario, during and post project scenario. The monitoring program includes environmental parameters, description of sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards, responsible parties is shown in Table 46 and the parameters suggested for monitoring ground water, surface water, silt and soil is presented in Annexure 11, 11a &b.

280. The monitoring can be carried out by (i) PMU outsourcing to a Laboratory for all the subprojects , or (ii) SIO outsourcing to a laboratory directly. The suggested parameters, description of sampling locations and different stages of monitoring required along with suggested frequency is shown in Table 46. 281. The environmental monitoring during the different phases of the subproject implementation can be carried out by a recognized laboratory (i.e approved by State Pollution Control Board, Odisha or National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratory (NABL) or National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) or any Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) recognized laboratory,

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Table 46: Showing the Suggested Environmental Monitoring

Sl.No Parameter to Parameter / Indicators Location Responsibility Frequency be monitored Pre- Construction Stage ( Baseline data) 1 Ground water Physico, chemical, bacteriological preferably from the SIO /Laboratory Once before start (IS: 10,600) parameters. Total of 34 parameters including newly drilled tube wells of the project for 4 pesticide residue as per IS: 10,600:1991 under the project baseline data details in Annexure 11 ( 6 locations) 2 Surface water Physico, chemical, bacteriological Barrage and canal SIO /Laboratory Once before start (IS: 2296: 1992) parameters. Total 39 parameter including 4 water of the project for pesticide residue as per IS: 2296: (6 locations) baseline data 1992,details in Annexure 11a 3 Silt Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients SIO /Laboratory Once before start and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Silt from Canal of the project for including 4 pesticide residue details in (6 locations) baseline data Annexure 11b 4 Soil Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients (Soils from canal SIO /Laboratory Once before start and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Adjacent - agricultural of the project for including 4 pesticide residue details in fields and preferably baseline data Annexure 11b water logged areas) (6 locations) Construction Stage 1 Ground water Physico, chemical, bacteriological preferably from the SIO /Laboratory Twice a year for (IS: 10,600) parameters. Total of 34 parameters including newly drilled tube wells the construction 4 pesticide residue as per IS: 10,600:1991 under the project of 3 years details in Annexure 11 (6 locations) 2 Surface water Physico, chemical, bacteriological Barrage and canal SIO /Laboratory Twice a year for (IS: 2296: 1992) parameters. Total 39 parameter including 4 water the construction pesticide residue as per IS: 2296: (6 locations) of 3 years 1992,details in Annexure 11a 3 Silt Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients SIO /Laboratory Twice a year for and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Silt from Canal the construction including 4 pesticide residue details in (6 locations) of 3 years Annexure 11b 4 Soil Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients (Soils from canal SIO /Laboratory Once in a year and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Adjacent - agricultural times during

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including 4 pesticide residue details in fields and preferably construction Annexure 11b water logged areas) period of 3 yrs ( (6 locations) i.e. Between April to May 6 Dust Monitoring Visual Observation Entire Project Corridor SIO Daily 6 Noise Observation Entire Project Corridor SIO Daily

Operation & Maintenance Phase ( Post Project)

1 Ground water Physico, chemical, bacteriological preferably from the SIO /Laboratory Once after (IS: 10,600) parameters. Total of 34 parameters including newly drilled tube wells completion of 4 pesticide residue as per IS: 10,600:1991 under the project works details in Annexure 11 (6 locations) 2 Surface water Physico, chemical, bacteriological Barrage and canal SIO /Laboratory Once after (IS: 2296: 1992) parameters. Total 39 parameter including 4 water completion of pesticide residue as per IS: 2296: 1992, (6 locations) works details in Annexure 11a 3 Silt Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients SIO /Laboratory Once after and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Silt from Canal completion of including 4 pesticide residue details in (6 locations) works Annexure 11b 4 Soil Phyiso- chemical, micro and macro nutrients (Soils from canal SIO /Laboratory Once after and pesticide residue. Total 27 parameters Adjacent - agricultural completion of including 4 pesticide residue details in fields and preferably Annexure 11b water logged areas) (6 locations) Pattamundai sub project Locations for monitoring: (1.) Barrage/ Main canal origin (2.) Satabatia , (3) Balichnadrapur fall (4) Benipur and (5) H.R Gobri Canal; (6) HR of Distributary . 11A

(Note: The proposed budget and frequency and stages of monitoring are detailed in Table 48 in this chapter)

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I . Performance I ndicators:

The monitoring programme constitutes performance indicators (Table 47) and necessary budgetary provisions.

Table 47: Showing the Performance Indicators

Indicator Description of the item Stage Responsibility

Statutory Obtaining CFE & CFO -Statutory Pre construction Contractor Clearance requirement from regulatory bodies and construction

Borrow area No. of Borrow areas identified and Pre and Post Contractor verified Construction No. of sites redevelopment and no- objection certificate produced after handing over site Quarry No. of Quarry sites identified and Pre and Post Contractor verified Construction No. of sites redevelopment and no- objection certificate produced after handing over site Disposal sites Quantity of Debris and Spoil disposed Construction and Contractor off Post Construction Dust Control No. of times watering carried out Construction Contractor period

Encroachments No. of Encroachments identified Pre and Post SIO No. of encroachers and squatters Construction rehabilitated as per RAP provisions

Environmental No .of times testing( Ground water, Pre, Contractor /SIO monitoring Silt, Surface water, Silt and Soil) carried out Construction and Ground water, during construction and operation Post Surface water and Construction Soil Use of PPE No. of work sites provided with PPE Construction Contractor

Usage of safety No. of sites safety arrangements made Construction Contractor measures and sign and sign boards installed boards Turfing Length of turfing carried out Construction and Contractor post construction

Plantation No. of trees cut and no.of trees planted Construction and Contractor and Post SIO Construction

Health camps No. of medical and health camps Construction Contractor including AIDS awareness camps conducted

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J. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) Costs 282. Most of the mitigation measures require the Construction Contractors to adopt good site practice, which should be part of their normal regular procedures, so there are unlikely to be major costs associated with compliance. In addition to this, any costs of mitigation by the construction contractors or SIO are included in the budgets for the civil works. All the environmental costs like dust suppression (sprinkling of water), borrow are rehabilitation, haulage road maintenance, safety etc are all inclusive under overheads of item rates as per revised schedule of rates, Govt. of Odisha. 283. Environmental monitoring will be integrated into the Project performance monitoring and evaluation (PPME) system. The majority of activities involved are translating actions suggested in the EMP to be implemented by the Construction Contractor and WUAs. The implementation period stipulated for the sub-projects are three years of construction phase and three years of post construction phase is suggested for environmental monitoring. The environmental monitoring suggested here is developed keeping in view of the needs of the Department of Water Resources as suggested in the EARF. The DoWR want to monitor surface water and ground water to assess the impacts of upstream urbanization and industrialization and it also want to monitor level of deterioration of water quality due to increased use of fertilizers and pesticides within and outside the command area. In addition the department wants to assess contaminants in the silt and soil in the command area. So the SIO, DoWR will be responsible for the implementation of environmental monitoring (Surface water, Ground water, Soil and Silt testing). 284. The monitoring shall be carried out by recognized laboratories { i.e., laboratories approved by State Pollution Control Board, Odisha, or National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratory (NABL) or (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) or any Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) recognized laboratory}. 285. The impacts arising out of the construction are minimal and the responsibility of implementation of the EMP mainly lies with the Contractor monitored by SIO staff. In addition to environmental safeguards taken up the contractor and sub project level environmental monitoring shall be carried out by the SIO/ PMU. The total environmental monitoring and management cost for the sub-project covering three years of construction phase and three years of post construction stage are shown in Table 48.

Environmental Suggested Frequency and Unit rate in Rs Total cost Parameter No. of period of monitoring in Rs locations

Pre - construction period monitoring( baseline data) before commencement of civil works Surface water 6 6x1 (6) 10,000 60,000 Ground water 6 6x1(6) 10,000 60,000 Silt 6 6x1(6) 12,500 75,000 Soil 6 6x1(6) 12,500 75,000 Sub-total 270000 Construction Phase Surface water 6 6x2x3(36) 10,000 360000 Ground water 6 6x2x3(36) 10,000 360000 Silt 6 6x2x3(36) 12,500 450000 Soil 6 6x1x3(18) 12,500 225000 Sub-total 13,95,000 Operation and Maintenance phase – Post construction Surface water 6 6X1(6) 10,000 60,000 Ground water 6 6X1(6) 10,000 60,000 105

Silt 6 6X1(6) 12,500 75,000 Soil 6 6X1(6) 12,500 75,000 Sub-total 270000 Grand Total 19,35,000 Cost of 8050 1200 / plant with 3 96,60,000 Plantation yrs maintenance cost Table 48 : Showing Environmental Monitoring Cost

K. Environmental Training

286. The basic requirement of the environmental training is to strengthen the knowledge of PMU/ SIO, DoWR and WUAs on environmental aspects.

L. Strengthening Environmental Knowledge & Management Capability

287. The capacity and skills of the DoWR to carry out environmental management of irrigated agriculture schemes will need to be developed to be responsive and proactive to the needs and perceptions of environmental management in their jurisdictions during and following Project completion. The institutional strengthening of environmental management will be blended within the activities. The focus will be on building the capacity and capability of the SIO, DoWR to assume their responsibilities in carrying out REAs, IEEs and implementing EMPs. The organizational framework in the DoWR for this to occur will be establishment of new environmental division as per EARF. 288. Awareness raising will initially socialize the environmental assessment and EMP procedures among the project stakeholders. In addition meetings, seminars and some short courses will be organized to raise awareness within the DoWR. ISPM Environmental consultant during the field visits will also give on-field training on the implementation of EMP to the Contractor staff and SIO staff by the ISPMC and WUAs with the help of PPSU – Environmental Monitoring Specialist. In addition training programs would be conducted to the Contractor staff and SIO staff, DoWR by the ISPMC and for WUAs by the PPSU – Environmental Monitoring Specialist with the available funds of the PMU under training. The list of appropriate training module and tentative time frame is given in Table 49 and the required budget is suggested in Table 50. 289. Participatory Mechanisms are the building blocks for the success of the Project. Besides the DoWR and WUAs, the community needs to get involved in developing the foundation of future environmental management of irrigated agriculture in the State. Results of Environmental monitoring carried out during construction would be disseminated to WUA / PP members for raising awareness through PPSU Environmental Monitoring specialist and these would be built into the PPME System Participatory Environmental Monitoring guidelines shall be developed with the assistance of the environmental monitoring specialists of PPSU through the PIM Component for use by DoWR and WUA staff during construction and O&M. Lessons learned from past environmental management initiatives will be used to reinforce public participation as an essential aspect to instill a sense of ownership and stewardship among all stakeholders that will be involved in environmental management and the use of resources. Measures to involve active participation of the community will be included to help ensure more effective and appropriate management, since the stakeholders (those using the resources) can become involved in a voluntary way in some of the basic monitoring (e.g., soil erosion point sources) and regulating various activities under the EMP.

290. An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information and helps to i) assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control 106

measures, and ii) evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP and suggest improvements in management plan, if required.

Table 49: Proposed Training Module for Capacity building of SIO and WUAs

Training Type Item/ subject of Training Target Group Time Item No Need for Initial Environmental 1 Orientation PMU, SIO staff , Pre- Examination Report and Training PPSU staff, Construction Overview of important Contractors and Environmental Regulation and WUAs while frame work to the project executing Applicable statutory construction of Environmental Clearances – by minors the SIO staff and Contractor Training on 1. Environmental & Safety 2 PMU, SIO staff , Twice Environmental & Aspects Relevant to PPSU staff, during Safety Aspects Construction Contractors and Construction Relevant to Environmental obligations as WUAs while period Construction per Contract Clauses and executing technical specification ( construction of covering issues and impacts minors related to Borrow areas, Quarries, Aggregates, Top soil usage, Disposal of construction debris, handling of hazardous materials and dust suppression measures) Safety measures and usage of PPE’s during construction

2.Implementation of

Environmental Monitoring Plans Importance of EMP and parameters to be monitored Parameters for Environmental Monitoring ( Surface water, Ground Water, Silt and Soil) Precautions to be taken while sampling Monitoring frequency Environmental issues during 3 Environmental PMU, SIO staff After operation and post project Issues during PPSU staff and Construction Parameters for Environmental maintenance and WUAs Monitoring ( Surface water, Operation Ground Water, Silt and Soil) Precautions to be taken while sampling Monitoring frequency

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M. Training Budget

291. The approximate cost involved under training is shown in Table 50.

Table 50: Showing the training budget

Sl.No Training Details Unit rate Frequency Total cost 1 Orientation training Rs. 25,000 4 times during Rs.1,00,000 on the EMP project period implementation to SIO Staff and Contractors for a group 40 to 50 people 2 Orientation training Rs. 25,000 4 times during Rs.1,00,000 on the EMP project period implementation to SIO Staff and WUAS for a group 40 to 50 people Total 2,00,000

N. Environmental monitoring reporting

292. The environmental reporting system has been discussed in detail under section E of this Chapter the contractors and WUAs shall submit monthly report to the SIO as provided in Annexure 9 and 9a of this report. The summary of status of EMP implementation shall be provided by PMU to ADB periodically through Quarterly Progress Report (QPR). PMU shall also submit Environmental Monitoring Report describing the status of EMP implementation in detail to ADB on a annual basis for Category “B” projects.

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I X. FI NDI NGS AND RECOMMENDATI ONS

293. There are no significant adverse impacts associated with this project. Instead the project is expected to improve irrigation facilities and enhance economic growth of the area. Increased irrigation will also help in planting of more trees thereby increasing the environmental conditions of the area adding to the greenery and general aesthetics of the area. The indirect benefits of the project will be lowered levels of out migration as the communities will have more opportunity of securing income from within the village. There will be growth in living standard of people, which will encourage proper education, social awareness, health facility and prosperity amongst the people.

294. The IEE clearly states in its findings that there will be no significant impact in the local environmental condition due to construction and operation of the project. Only adequate safety, dust suppression measures and traffic management need to be taken up by the contractor while executing the construction works. Encroachments are sensitive issues need to be addressed as per the R & R policy. Regular weed removal involving community or provision of lining in the reaches of the canal where water hyacinth is dominant especially tail end portion and gobri canal would enhance the performance of the system. Any impact associated with the project activities will be minor in nature and will be restricted only during the construction phase of the project. Increased levels in ground water increase in soil salinity, increased levels of insecticides and pesticides are some of the major impacts during project operation. Increased ground water level is a beneficial impact and hence no mitigation measures are recommended. It is suggested that local villagers should be educated through pani panchayat about rational use of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to reduce soil salinity and protect surface and ground water quality.

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X. CONCLUSI ON 295. There are no adverse impacts expected from this project. The project is expected to improve the existing derelict irrigation infrastructure and will be put to beneficial use to the society. This will boost agriculture growth in the area and will bring prosperity to the region. By improving the irrigation infrastructure issues like water logging, economic disparity between head end and tail end users will be reduced. The project has already been assessed as category “B” project and will not require environmental clearance from state government as no additional land is covered for irrigation under this project.

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ANNEXURE

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ANNEXURE 1

INDEX MAP SHOWING PATTAMUNDAI SUB-PROJECT AYACUT AREA & LOCATION

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ANNEXURE 2

LIST OF ODISHA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD APPROVED CRUSHER

List of the Stone Crusher Obtained Permission For Trial Run (List mentioned by Regional Office, Cuttack, Odisha Pollution Control Board As on November 2011)

1. Tapti Tie-up Pvt. Ltd., At : Barada & Dankari, PO – Mahisara Dist: Jajpur

2. ARSS Infrastructure Projects Ltd., At Dankari. P.O. Mahisara Dist: Jajpur

3. Chitra Builders (P) Ltd., Plot . No- D-7 At: Ranasinghabati Tahasil- Dharmasala Dist: Jajpur

4. Anand Exports ( Crusher unit) Nimpalli, Golagaon Jajpur

5. Rout Stone Crushers At. Godisahi Cuttack

(Note : The Above Information was collected by Author )

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ANNEXURE 3

SCHEMATIC LINE DIAGRAM SHOWING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF PATTAMUNDAI SUB-PROJECT

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ANNEXURE 4

MAP OF PATTAMUNDAI CANAL SYSTEM SHOWING QUARRY LOCATION

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ANNEXURE 5

VILLAGERS PRESENT DURING PUBLIC CONSULTATION- PATTAMUNDAI SUB-PROJECT

Date Location Name Status 15.01.08 Pradhanpada (Head Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource part) Dept. Mr. Ananta Charan Samal President PP WUA 1 Mr. Sankar Swain Treasurer PP Mr. Ashok Kr. Swain Secretary PP Mr. Keshav Chandra Swain Farmer Mr. Gangacharan Biswal Farmer Mr. Monoj Lenka Farmer Mr. Rabindranath Swain Farmer Mr. Nagendra nath Swain Member Salipur Panchyat Samity Mr. Bikal Charan Lenka Farmer Mr. Ganga charan Panja Govt. of Odisha – service, Farmer Mr. Sarat kr. Panja Farmer Mr. Hudananda Swain Farmer Mr. Sarat Maharana Farmer Mr. Sankar Pradhan Farmer Mr. Jyanta kr. Swain Teacher, Pradhanpada Primary school Mr. Gobinda Lenka Farmer Mr. Naveen Sethi Farmer

15.01.08 Uchhadihi (Head Part) Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource Dept. Mt. Sarat Chandra Das Pani panchyat member Mr. Niranjan Bhunia Secretary, WUA 3 Mr. Madhusudan Samant Farmer Mr. Arjun Bhunia Ward member, Gram Panchyat Mr. Promod Bhunia Ward member, Gram Panchyat Mr. Nabakishor Raut Roy Teacher, Uchhadihi Primary School Mr. Dol Gobinda Raut Farmer Mr. Kailash Chandra Sethi Farmer Mr. Babaji Chandra Kandi Farmer Mr. Balakrishna Samal Farmer Mr. Debendra Raut Farmer

15.01.08 Netua (Middle part) Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource Dept. Mr. Rishikesh Jana Khalashi, Water Resource Dept. Mr. Nirod Kr. Samal Farmer Mr. Shib kumar Samal Farmer Mr. Ashok Kr. Raut Farmer Mr. Gagan Behari Raut Farmer

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Date Location Name Status Mr. Madhusudan Raut Farmer Mr. Surendra Raut Mr. Bhimsen Behera Teacher, Primary school Mr. Sangram Kishori Singh Farmer Mr. Mahendra Singh Farmer Mr. Promod Kumar Samal Farmer Mr. Kishor Chandra Nayek Farmer Mr. Purushotam Raut Farmer Mr. Satruguna Nayek Farmer Mr. Arakita Das Farmer Mr. Jagabandhu Mishra Farmer Mr. Hemanta Raut Farmer Mr. Maidhar Sahoo Farmer Mr. Amiya Sahoo Farmer

19.01.08 Bada Sardeipur Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource (Middle part) Dept. Mr. Rishikesh Jana Khalashi, Water Resource Dept. Mr. Prafulla Kr. Mallick President Chhoti PP Mr. Paddanabha Mallick Farmer Mr. Khogeshor Mallick Farmer Mr. Keder Mallick Farmer Mr. Rajanikanta Mallick Farmer Mr. Karoni Charan Mallick Farmer Mr. Harekrishna Patnayek Farmer Mr. Nityananda Sahoo Secretary, Mahanga PP Mr. Karuna kar Paridha Farmer Mr. Rahit Mallick Farmer Mr. Ajay Kumar Paridha Farmer Mr. Narendra Mallick Farmer Mr. Sridhar Raut Farmer Mr. Magoni Charan Mallick Farmer Mr. Karuna karan Paridha Farmer Mr. Ananta Paridha Farmer Mr. Dushashan Paridha Farmer Mr. Bishtu Mallick Farmer

19.01.08 Alijanga (Tail part) Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource Dept. Mr. Rishikesh Jana Khalashi, Water Resource Dept. Mr. Gano Sethi Farmer Mr. Dinabandhu Jana Farmer Mr. Jagabandhu Raut Farmer Mr. Babaji Mohanti Farmer Mr. Dhirendranath Nayek Farmer Mr. Pradeep Raut Farmer Mr. Kishore Das Farmer Mr. Sukhdeb Sethi Farmer Mr. Ramesh Chandra Sethi Farmer

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Date Location Name Status Mrs. Chandraboti Mohanti Farmer

19.01.08 Sadanandpur (Middle Mr. P. K. Sahani JE, Water resource part) Dept. Mr. Rishikesh Jana Khalashi, Water Resource Dept. Mr. Purushottam Ghorai Farmer Mr. Parashuram Sahoo Farmer Mr. Panchanan Sahoo Farmer Mr. Karuna Sahoo Farmer Mr. Ajay Kumar Sahoo Farmer Mr. Madan Palui Farmer Mr. Prasant Sahoo Farmer Mr. Purushattam Sahoo Farmer Mr. Giridhari Sahoo Farmer Mr. Pradeep Sahoo Farmer Mr. Abhimanyua Sahoo Farmer Mr. Kushadhar Sahoo Farmer Mr. Anil Sahoo Farmer Mr. Ratikanto Sahoo Farmer Mrs. Ambika Sahoo Farmer

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ANNEXURE 6

FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

TABLE – A (6) 1: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- PRADHANPADA

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution: Pattamundai Main and Branch canal (Distributary 1) Village Name: Pradhanpada Location in the Scheme: Head part District: Kendrapara Block: Salepur Date of Meeting: 15.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 1024 No of Households:219 General Caste %:82 SC%: 18 ST%: 0 Dominant Caste/Group: Swain S.No. Issues Raised Discussions 1. Community Awareness About the Most of the villagers have knowledge on the Project project and some of them are aware of the project through the socio-economic team of ADB TA consultant. Officer of irrigation department also informed them. 2. Benefits of Project for the Upliftment Villagers express that canal rehabilitation will of Community help them to get sufficient water during rabi season, that will cause economic upliftment of the farmers 3. Labour Participation in the Project Most of the villagers show their interest to participate in the project as labour force.

4. Source of Water for the Village Tube well water is the only drinking water source 5. Quality of Water for basic need Villagers inform that quality of drinking water is good 6. In what way villagers depend on canal Other than irrigation villagers use canal water water for bathing, cloth and utensils washing and cattle washing Open defecation near canal is very common 7. Disturbances due to Project Villagers have no objection on disturbances that Construction Work will be created during construction work and they will bear the disturbances for their bigger interest 8. Presence of trees – tree felling Along main canal few medium girth trees like requirement Chakunda, Aswath, Bot, Khejur, Sirish, Eucalyptus noted and those need to be fell during construction 9. Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers along pani panchyat agreed to take Canal Bund Plantation responsibility for maintaining canal bund plantation 10. Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be used for Lowland strengthening canal bund and also can be used

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for road construction Water resource department indicate that there are 30 m space on both sides of canal bund under possession of the department. So no problem will be arise due to disposal of debris 11. Water Logging in the Village Area- Water logging problem and poor drainage drainage and flooding problem if any condition exist in few pockets 12. Forest in Nearby Village No forest exist 13. Sensitive Archeological / historical site No as such 14. Movement of Wild Animals Through No wildlife movement through village only Village domestic animal noted 15. Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund. Villager of the project area told that desilted soil can also be disposed in a low land 16. Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and biofertilizer potash is common. Application of bio –fertilizer not common. Use of manure like cow dung is very common. Among the pesticides farmers normally use Demecron, Phorate and Metasite. 17. Precaution taken during application of Generally no precaution taken during pesticide application of liquid and solid pesticide.

18. Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide There are some incidences of pesticide toxicity contamination nearby their village. Farmers hospitalized due to pesticide contamination 19. Salinity problem of land No as such salinity problem in the project area 20. Testing of water and soil No testing have been done for water Soil sample taken once by panchyat department

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TABLE – A(6) 2: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- UCHHADIHI

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution: Pattamundai Main to Distributary 2 Village Name: Uchhadihi Location in the Scheme: Head part District: Cuttack Block: Salepur Date of Meeting: 15.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 643 No of Households: 133 General Caste %:42 SC%: 58 ST%: <1% Dominant Caste/Group: Bhunia, Raut S.No. Issues Raised Discussions Community Awareness About the Villagers have knowledge on the project 1 Project through the socio-economic team of ADB TA consultant. From local block office information has been given to farmers 2 Benefits of Project for the Upliftment Since the location of the village at head part, of Community water available during rabi. Only tail part of the distributary scarcity of water reported during rabi. Mainly farmers cultivated paddy. During rabi farmer tried mung, vegetables 3 Labour Participation in the Project Most of the villagers show their interest to participate in the project as labour force. 4 Source of Water for the Village Villagers indicate that they drink tube well or dug well water. Private tube well/ dug well are exist in every house 5 Quality of Water for basic need At present quality of water good. 6 In what way villagers depend on Other than irrigation villagers use canal water canal water for bathing, cloth and utensils washing and cattle washing. Catching of fish in canal water is rare 7 Disturbances due to Project People have no objection on disturbances that Construction Work will be created during construction work and they will bear the disturbances for beneficial project 8 Presence of trees – tree felling No big trees along minor canal. Only few requirement medium girth trees like Krishnachura and Chakunda noted near main canal 9 Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers along with the PP members would like Canal Bund Plantation to take responsibility for maintaining canal bund plantation 10 Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be used for Lowland strengthening canal bund and also can be used for road construction and filling up low land. 11 Water Logging in the Village Area- Water logging at few locations noted , which drainage and flooding problem if any due to broken structure of the canal No as such drainage problem 12. Forest in Nearby Village No forest exist 13. Sensitive Archeological / historical No as such 121

site 14. Movement of Wild Animals Through No wildlife movement through village only Village domestic animal noted 15. Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund. Villager of the project area told that desilted soil can also be disposed in a low land and it is totally depends on the land owner. 16. Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and biofertilizer potash, sulphur is common. Application of bio –fertilizer not reported Among the pesticides farmers normally use Demecron, Phorate 17. Precaution taken during application of Generally no precaution taken during pesticide application of liquid and solid pesticide.

18. Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide No as such incidence toxicity 19. Salinity problem of land No as such salinity problem in the project area 20 Testing of water and soil No testing have been done for water and soil

* Special note- Villagers requested for small bridge/ culvert over distributary for crossing of cattle. Since most of the cultivated land exist other side of the canal, that create problem for cattle crossing

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TABLE – A(6) 3: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- NETUA

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution: Distributary 3- Barauipur minor Village Name: Netua Location in the Scheme: Middle part District: Kendrapara Block: Derabish Date of Meeting: 15.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 944 No of Households: 187 General Caste %: 81 SC%: 19 ST%: 0 Dominant Caste/Group: Samal, Nayek S.No. Issues Raised Discussions Community Awareness About the Villagers have knowledge (80% cases) on the 1 Project project and some of them are aware of the project through the socio-economic team of ADB TA consultant. 2 Benefits of Project for the Upliftment Villagers express that the rehabilitation project of Community would benefited them since at present all the branch canal in tail part dried up Farmers only produce paddy in Kharif. In 20- 30% cases they produce mung, potato, badam 3 Labour Participation in the Project Villagers assured supply of 40-50% of required labour for project work 4 Source of Water for the Village People have their own tube well/ dug well for drinking purpose 5 Quality of Water for basic need At present quality of water good. 6 In what way villagers depend on Villagers only use canal water for irrigation if canal water available. 7 Disturbances due to Project People have no objection on disturbances (dust Construction Work and noises) that they would have experience during construction work 8 Presence of trees – tree felling No big trees along minor canal. Along main requirement canal few big trees like Bot, Limbo, Chakunda need to be fell 9 Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers along with the PP members would like Canal Bund Plantation to maintain canal bund plantation 10 Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be used for Lowland strengthening canal bund and also can be used for canal side road construction 11 Water Logging in the Village Area- No as such drainage problem in village except drainage and flooding problem if any near river Birupa. After heavy rainfall water logging is reported at few of the locations 12. Forest in Nearby Village No forest exist 13. Sensitive Archeological / historical No as such site 14. Movement of Wild Animals Through No wildlife movement through village only Village domestic animal noted 15. Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund. Villager of the project area told that desilted soil can also be disposed in a low land 123

16. Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and biofertilizer potash is common. Application of bio –fertilizer not done Among the pesticides farmers normally use Demecron, Phorate , Danadar, Metacid, Mono chrotophous 17. Precaution taken during application of Generally no precaution taken during pesticide application of liquid and solid pesticide. But few villagers express that they use cloth for protection of eye and nose

18. Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide Fish death due to pond water contamination is toxicity reported 19. Salinity problem of land No as such salinity problem in the project area 20 Testing of water and soil No testing have been done for water Once soil testing done by agricultural department

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TABLE – A(6) 4: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- BADA SARDEIPUR

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution: Distributary 8- Bada Sardeipur Minor Village Name: Bada Sardeipur Location in the Scheme: Middle part District: Kendrapara Block: Derabish Date of Meeting: 19.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 329 No of Households: 77 General Caste %: 67 SC%: 33 ST%: 0 Dominant Caste/Group: Paridha, Mallick S.No. Issues Raised Discussions Community Awareness About the Most of the villagers have no knowledge on the 1 Project project and villagers indicates that no government official inform them about the project 2 Benefits of Project for the Upliftment In 90% cases villagers express that the of Community rehabilitation project would benefit them since at present most of the branch canal dried up. Only rainfed paddy production taken up, generally no Rabi crop 3 Labour Participation in the Project Local labour available- no need to bring labour from outside 4 Source of Water for the Village People have their own tube well/ dug well for drinking purpose 5 Quality of Water for basic need At present quality of water good. 6 In what way villagers depend on Villagers use canal water for irrigation (when canal water available). Due to scarcity of water in canal no other use of water 7 Disturbances due to Project People have no objection on disturbances that Construction Work will be resulted during construction work and they will bear the disturbances for beneficial project 8 Presence of trees – tree felling No big trees along minor canal. requirement 9 Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers along with the PP members would like Canal Bund Plantation to maintain canal bund plantation 10 Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be used for Lowland strengthening canal bund and also can be used for filling up low land 11 Water Logging in the Village Area- There is no drainage and water logging drainage and flooding problem if any problem 12. Forest in Nearby Village No forest area exist 13. Sensitive Archeological / historical No as such site 14. Movement of Wild Animals Through No wildlife movement through village only Village domestic animal noted 15. Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund and filling up low laying area 16. Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and 125

biofertilizer potash is common. Application of bio –fertilizer not recorded Among the pesticides farmers normally use eldrone, endosulphan and themate 17. Precaution taken during application of Generally no precaution taken during pesticide application of liquid and solid pesticide. Few farmers informed that they use gloves and cloth for protection 18. Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide No as such incidence of contamination from toxicity pesticide 19. Salinity problem of land Salinity problem exist in about 10 ha of land within the project area 20 Testing of water and soil No testing have been done for water For soil, testing is done by agricultural department once in a year

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TABLE – A (6)5: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- ALIJANGA

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution – Distributary 8 Village Name: Alijanga Location in the Scheme: Tail part District: Kendrapara Block: Kendrapara Date of Meeting: 19.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 580 No of Households: 97 General Caste/ OBC %:86 SC%:14 ST%: 0 Dominant Caste/Group: Raut, Sethi S.No. Issues Raised Discussions 1. Community Awareness About the Most of the villagers have no idea on proposed Project canal improvement project, some of them are aware of the project through the socio-economic team of ADB TA consultant.. 2. Benefits of Project for the Upliftment Villagers told that the rehabilitation project of Community would benefit them since no water available during kharif/ rabi season. Water available only through lift irrigation system 3. Labour Participation in the Project Most of the farmers show their interest to participate in the project as labour 4. Source of Water for the Village Villagers use tube well water for drinking purpose 5. Quality of Water for basic need At present quality of water is not good, in some cases presence of iron reported. 6. In what way villagers depend on canal Since no water available in canal alternative use water of canal water not arise 7. Disturbances due to Project People have no objection on disturbances that Construction Work they could experience during construction work 8. Presence of trees – tree felling No big trees along minor canal. requirement 9. Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers agreed to maintain canal bund Canal Bund Plantation plantation. 10. Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be disposed Lowland off on low land and would also help in strengthening of canal bund. 11. Water Logging in the Village Area- Water generally drained to Gobari river. No as drainage and flooding problem if any such water logging During monsoon season some locations near Gobari river get flooded by Gobari river water 12. Forest in Nearby Village No as such 13. Sensitive Archeological / historical site No as such 14. Movement of Wild Animals Through No forest area nearby, only movement of Village domestic animal noted 15. Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund. Villager of the project area told that desilted soil can also be disposed in a low land and can also use for road construction 127

16. Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and biofertilizer potash is common. Application of bio –fertilizer like Azolla is reported Very few farmers use pesticides like Demecron, Phorate, Metacit 17. Precaution taken during application of No precaution taken during application of liquid pesticide and solid pesticide 18. Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide No as such incidence toxicity 19. Salinity problem of land No salinity problem in the project area 20. Testing of water and soil Krishi Bigyan Kendra taken soil samples for testing but testing result not received No water testing has been done

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TABLE – A(6) 6: FINDINGS OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION- SADANANDPUR

Name of the Scheme: Pattamundai canal Distribution – Distributary 8A- Sadanandpur Minor Village Name: Sadanandpur Location in the Scheme: Middle part District: Kendrapara Block: Derabish Date of Meeting: 19.01.08 General Information about the Village Total Population of the Village: 836 No of Households: 170 General Caste/ OBC %:97 SC%: 3 ST%: 0 Dominant Caste/Group: Sahoo S.No. Issues Raised Discussions 1 Community Awareness About the Very few villagers have a general idea on Project proposed project through the socio-economic team of ADB TA consultant. 2 Benefits of Project for the Upliftment Villagers told that the rehabilitation project of Community would benefit them by getting enough water for irrigation and uplift their socio economic condition. Presently only for 15 days during rabi season irrigation water received by farmers. No vegetables grown. Only few cases mung cultivation tried 3 Labour Participation in the Project Most of the farmers show their interest in taking part in the project in terms of labour participation. 4 Source of Water for the Village Villagers use tube well water for drinking purpose 5 Quality of Water for basic need At present quality of water moderate – during summer quality of water get deteriorated due to less available water 6 In what way villagers depend on canal When irrigation water available villagers use water canal water for all the purpose 7 Disturbances due to Project People have no objection on short term Construction Work disturbances that may result during construction work 8 Presence of trees – tree felling Few big trees (5-6 trees in 1 km) like Chakunda, requirement Mango, Parash located along the canal 9 Responsibility for the Maintenance of Villagers agreed to maintain canal bund Canal Bund Plantation plantation 10 Sustainable Disposal of Debris in Villagers felt that the debris should be used for Lowland road construction and filling up low land. Since land availability along the canal is less use of debris for construction of road along the canal is not feasible 11 Water Logging in the Village Area- Water generally drained to Gobari river. No as drainage and flooding problem if any such water logging During monsoon season some locations near Gobari river get flooded by Gobari river water In some areas seepage problem noted 129

12 Forest in Nearby Village No as such 13 Sensitive Archeological / historical site No as such 14 Movement of Wild Animals Through No forest area nearby, only movement of Village domestic animal noted 15 Disposal of canal silt As per the villager canal silt can be used in canal bund. Villagers of the project area told that desilted soil can also be disposed in a low land 16 Use of fertilizer, pesticide and Use of fertilizer like Urea, DAP, Gromour and biofertilizer potash is common. Application of bio –fertilizer not reported Very few farmers use pesticides like Demecron, Phorate, Metacit 17 Precaution taken during application of No precaution taken during application of liquid pesticide and solid pesticide Few farmers informed that they use gloves and cloth for protection 18 Incidence of fertilizer and pesticide No as such incidence toxicity 19 Salinity problem of land Salinity problem exist in and around the command area 20 Testing of water and soil No testing of water and soil has been done

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ANNEXURE 7

LATEST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION – DECEMBER 2011

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ANNEXURE 8

SUMMARY OF LATEST PUBLIC CONSULTATION – DECEMBER 2011

The Consultation with Pani Panchayat members were conducted as part of the revision of the IEE updating on 16th December 2011, at Jagatpur, Cuttack district. The office bearers of Pattamundai Irrigation sub –division staff, President Presidents of Pani Panchayat and Secretaries of Pani Panchayat of canal head portion were present. The list of participants is enclosed as Annexure- 10a.

The summary of the Problems expressed during interaction are as follows:

¾ Main canal and distributaries silted and canal breaches and water not reaching the tail end villages ¾ Outlets damaged and choked ¾ Leakage and seepage of canals ¾ Weeds, grasses and shrubs in the canal ¾ Heavy Siltation in the canals main, distributaries and minors ¾ Encroachments along the canal ¾ Choked channels G, 10L 10 H ¾ Desiltation of main, distributaries, minors and sub-minors ¾ Canal s water overtopping as they have reached regime conditions ¾ Breaches in the canal and weak embankments affecting the flow of water ¾ CADA drainage channels blocked requires cleaning ¾ Clearing of drainage system and integrating the drainage activities with the project ¾ Tail end villages not receiving water properly in the minors and sub-minors ¾ Repair of existing outlets and refixing the location based on present suitability ¾ Repair of gates and need for regulatory systems in all the canals ¾ Repair of VRB and additional VRBs ¾ Involvement of PP in the proposed works ¾ Demarcation of right or way and stopping leasing of canal side cutting land by revenue department and clearing the lands from weeds which will improve the drainage and water logging

The above problems and issues were suggested by the members of Pani Panchayat and they expressed the works should be commenced at the earliest and quality work should be taken up by the contractor.

While enquiring about the encroachments, PP said there are few structures on the canal embankments and there are also encroachments in the form of plantation or cultivation which need to cleared, they are affecting the flow of water.

The PP expressed willing to support the proposed activities and they even said they do not have any objection if the canal closed after December or after Kharif crop and they even expressed they do not have objection if the contractor’s are establishing the camps and bring outside labour also if necessary.

The common seasonal diseases in the area are Typhoid, Malaria, Dysentery and Diahorea

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The common sources of drinking water are tube wells and protected piped water supply. The ground water depth in the area ranges from 40‘to 250’ and water quality is good in general but Iron content is more in shallow tube wells. The usage of fertilizers in the area is mostly inorganic except usage of cow dung, in general the farmers are using urea – 25 kgs / acre; Growmore – 5o kgs/ acre and Potash – 25 kgs / acre, even the farmers are using inorganic pesticides only.

They said there is no forest area and no migratory birds visit their area. They expressed integration of drainage and CADA works to be taken up under the project would result in benefits to the farmers. They said villages like Haripur and Mangalpur in PP.No 6 got affected due to floods.

The second PP interaction was conducted at Ghoguva village on 18th December 2011; it was attended by Presidents and Secretaries of the Kendrapada sub-division and SIO staff. The following were the issues expressed by the Participants:

¾ Presently flow in the canal not proper due to siltation and weeds ¾ Outlets either choked or insufficient ¾ Drainage not proper – cleaning not done properly leading to waterlogging ¾ Canal water overtops due to poor embankments ¾ Structures damaged – siphon, aquaduct and CD etc., ¾ Minors and sub-minors silted heavily and embankments weak as a result tail end villages not receiving water properly ¾ At present water they receive very late as a result crops are getting damaged ¾ Canal bed not proper affecting the flow etc., ¾ Clearing of drainage system and CADA canal needed ¾ Repair of VRBs and need for additional VRBs ¾ Outlets chocked or damaged need additional VRBs

The PP expressed they are finding water quality problems; they are mostly dependent on supplied water and only few government bore wells for drinking. They said they have to drill 700 to 800’ to get good quality water. They expressed the top layers are saline and iron content in the bore wells is high as a result they said they need to drill deep bore wells above 700’ to get sweet good quality water.

While enquiring the encroachments issues PP members expressed if any landless community are there they said as per the Government order they should be given 4 decimal government land and they can be rehabilited as per government policy. If any obstruction by other encroachers they expressed they should be removed with the help of revenue staff and a common meeting should be conducted along with PP to tackle the issues. PP members are ready to cooperate on the issue.

While, the third PP interaction took place at Gandakia village, Kendrapada district. The farmers and PP office bearers were present and the list of participants is also enclosed in Annexure 10a. The issues or problem stated by the members are as:

¾ Embankments damaged and water not reaching tail end portion of the main canal as well as distribuaries, minor and sub-minor ¾ Service road on the canal bank not proper so unable to transport agriculture produce ¾ Lot of weeds ( water hyacinth ) dominating the canal needs removal

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¾ Canal banks damaged at many places in the minors and sub-minors ¾ Gates damaged some require replacement and some repair ¾ Additional VRB’s needed ¾ CADA canal silted and leading to water logging and drainage problem in the area ¾ Field channel silted needs maintenance and lining needed ¾ Outlet position not appropriate needs replacement and some additional outlets needed ¾ Saline patches in two villages Bijaynagar and Sankupada These are some of the issues expressed pertaining to canal system, PP members expressed with the ADB funding these issues would be tackled and they expressed hope their problem would solve early if the contractor takes up work properly. The PP expressed they should be given the responsibility of implementing minor and sub-minors.

The tail end portion in some villages there is a problem of salinity where the back water comes during summer season. The PP expressed soil salinity not much but they expressed ground water is saline as a result they need to drill deep bore wells. The PP expressed in the shallow depths the ground water they receive is almost saline so not depending on ground water.

The PP expressed they are not receiving any support from agriculture department in carrying out soil testing, they expressed salinity is affecting the crop yield. The PP expressed at present they are using inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to a greater extent the present usage is Urea – 50 kgs / acre, DAP – 80 kgs acre and Potash – 20 kgs/ acre. The cow dung is also utilized as per the availability.

The area is experiencing season diseases like Diahorrea, Malaria etc. There are no migratory birds or forest in the sub-project area. The PP expressed they would be co-operating with the proposed work and they do not have any objection closing the canal temporarily during construction period and to bear the difficulties arising during construction period.

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ANNEXURE 9

KEY PERSONS MET AND DATA SOURCES

A. List of persons consulted

1. Mr. N. Mahapatra, Director, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 2. Mr. M. K. Nayek, Executive Engineer, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 3. Mr., G. Mallick, SDO, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 4. Mr. P. K. Das , SDO, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 5. Mr. P. K. Sahani, JE, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 6. Mr. K. C. Behera, JE, Water Resources Dept., Govt. of Odisha 7. Mr. B. K. Misra , Member Secretary, Odisha State Pollution Control Board 8. Mr. B. N. Bhol, Environmental Engineer, Odisha State Pollution Control Board

B. List of data sources

1. District Statistical Hand Book of Cuttack, Kendrapara, Jajpur District (2005) Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Odisha 2. Economic Survey 2005-06 (2006), Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning and Co-ordination Department, Govt. of Odisha 3. District Census data book of Odisha 4. Brief Notes on Pattamundai canal Irrigation Project for the visit of Asian Development Bank Mission (2007), Department of Water Resources, Govt of Odisha 5. Statistical Abstract of Odisha (2005) Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Odisha 6. Statistical Outline of Odisha (2007), Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Odisha 7. Official website of State of Odisha (www.Odisha.gov.in) 8. Official website for Cuttack District (www.cuttack.nic.in) 9. Official website for Jajpur District (www.jajpur.nic.in) 10. Official website for Kendrapara District (www.kendrapara.nic.in) 11. Official Website of Ministry of Environment and Forest (www.envfor.nic.in) 12. National Engineering Handbook, Hydrology (1972) Section 4 U.S.SCS 13. Annual Report 2005-06 State Pollution Control Board, Odisha 14. Champion and Seth (1968) Classification of forest type of India 15. Mitra, G.N., Misra, U.K. and Sahu, S. K (2002) Macro and Micro Nutrient Status of the soils of Odisha, Dept. of Agriculture Govt. of Odisha

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16. State of the Environment Report Odisha (2006) State Pollution Control Board, Odisha 17. Goel, R. S. (2000) Environmental Impacts Assessment of water Resources Projects- concerns, policy issues, perception and scientific analysis, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd 18. Preliminary Project Report on Odisha Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management, Department of Water Resources, Government of Odisha, December, 2005. 19. Odisha WRCP Environmental Assessment, Department of Water Resources, Government of Odisha, March, 1995. 20. Ground Water Resources of Odisha, Director of Ground Water Survey & Investigation, Odisha,2001 21. District statistical hand book Cuttack, Jajpur and Kendrapara 2007, Directorate of Economics and statistics, Odisha, Bhubaneswar 22. Census of India 2011, Provisional Population Totals, Directorate of Census Operations, Odisha. 23. Detailed Project Report for Improvement of Pattamundai canal & its Distribution system October 2011 Department of Water Resoruces, Govt. of Odisha

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Annexure 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING – CHECK LIST- CONTRACTORS (To be filled by the Contractor)

Monthly Report Reporting Month: …………….. I. Package Description 1.1 Contract Package 1.2 Name of the Contractor 1.3 Name of the Sub-project 1.4 Work Completed for the Month Earth work/ Concrete work/ Masonry / Others Specify Earth Work -Filling Qty……. Loc……. Earth Work -Cutting Qty……. Loc……. Concrete work Qty……. Loc……. Lining Qty……. Loc……. Turfing Qty……. Loc……. Service Road Qty……. Loc…….

II. Establishment of Contractors Camp Yes / No 1 Usage of Camp Plant / Machines/ Labour 1.1 If Plant Crusher unit/ HMP/ WMM / Any Other If material purchased from Vendor Name of the Vendor 1.2 If Machinery stocking Yes / No

Sl.N0 Type of Machinery in Number Fitness/ PCB Remarks – Operation certificate Repair under obtained taken at cam p / sent to Garage 1 Paver 2 Rollers 3 Excavators 4 Dumpers 5 Vehicles ( Tractors/ Trucks) Others 6

1.3 If Labour Permanent / Transit

S.No Particulars Remarks i Total Number of Labourers employed? ii Number of Male labourers? iii Number of female labourers? iv Number of local labourers? 138

v Name the village from where the labour come from? vi Number of migrant labourers? vii Number of dwelling units in the camp? viii Type of dwellings ? Pucca : No. Kutcha :No. ix Water Supply provided? x Drinking water supply provided? Tube well/ Open Well/ Tanker/ etc xi Number of Toilets provided? xii Type of Toilet ? Leach pit / Soak Pit / Septic tank xii Number of Bath rooms provided? xiii Are Separate Bath rooms provided for women? Yes / No xiv Washing plat forms provided? xv Drainage facility provided? xvi Crèche facility provided? xvii Availability of Health centre ? Nearest xviii First Aid Facility Available? xix Health Camp / HIV awareness conducted? Yes / No If yes provide details xx Fuel used in the Camp? Fire wood/ Kerosene/ LPG xxi Does the Camp has Workshop for Repair? Yes / No xxii Any Oil Spill taking Place? Yes / No xxiii Oil / Grease traps / solid plat forms provided? Yes / No

1.4 Storage of Fuel Temporary/ Permanent 1.5 Type of Fuel Stored? HSD/ Petrol 1.5.1 License Obtained? Yes/ NO 1.6 Any Blasting Material Stored? Yes/ NO 1.6.1. License Obtained ? Yes/ NO

III. Borrow Area Management 1. No. of Borrow Area approved? 2. No. of Borrow Area Rehabilitated/ Re-developed? 3. Permission Obtained for Borrow areas Private - land Owner / Govt. Land – Panchayat /Revenue (Note: Attach Copies of Permission Letter) 4.Details of Borrow Areas

Sl. Description B.A. - 1 B.A. - 2 B.A. - 3 No. 4.1 Capacity of the Borrow Area 4.2 Percentage of the capacity exhausted 4.3 Total quantity of the Earth Excavated (in cum.) 4.4 Quantity of Top Soil Removed from the 139

Borrow Area 4.5 Location of stored top Soil that was removed 4.6 Quantity of Top Soil Stored at the beginning of the month 4.7 Quantity of Top Soil utilized at the end of the month 4.8 Location(s) where Top Soil has been utilized (Specify on a Location Plan)

IV. Haulage Road Existing Road/ Temp Road Created 1. Maintenance of Haulage Road done ? Yes / No 2. Dust Suppression Measures taken ? Yes / No

V. Quarries Under Operation Yes / No 1. If Yes, Number of Quarries in Use and locations? 2. If No, Name of Vendor, the material Purchased and SPCB Certificate of Vendor to be Enclosed? 3. Are the Vehicles used for Supplying material covered ? Yes / No

VI. Erosion Control Measures: Silt Traps/ Construction in Lean Season / Compaction Taken up VII. Dump Sites: Identified - Yes / No Low lying areas Used - Yes/ No Disposal Sites – identified - Yes/ No

VIII Storage of Material: Adj . to Canal / ROW/ etc 1. Blockage of Natural drains Yes / No

IX Dust Control Measure:

Sl.No. Dust Control Devices Dust control devices are available. – Yes/ N 1 Sprinkling of Water Sprinkling of water carried out. Yes/ No 2 Cover on the vehicles Yes/ No 3 Cover on stack Yes/ No materials X. Noise Control Measure: S.No. Measure Remarks 1 Machines establishes in Habitation Yes / No

2 Away from Habitations Yes / No

3 Machines Sent for Maintenance Yes / No regularly

XI. Safety Measures Taken: 140

Sl. Description No. 1 Whether first aid post established at site? Yes/No 2 Whether safety helmets given to all workmen at site? Yes/No

3 Whether safety belts / ribbons used at work site Yes/No

4 Whether gum boots, tarring unfits, spectacles etc. Yes/No given to person handling bitumen?

XII. Environmental Monitoring Details

Sl.No Type of Test No. of Date of Test Remarks Locations last conducted 1 Ground Water 2 Surface Water 3 Silt 4 Soil

Signature of the Contractor / Representative Signature of the SIO Staff Name of the Contractor Name of the SIO Staff Date Date Verified

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Annexure – 10a ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING – CHECK LIST-WUA (To be filled by the WUAs)

Monthly Report Reporting Month: ……………..

I. Package Description

1.1 Contract Package 1.2 Name of the WUA 1.3 Name of the Sub-project 1.4 Work Completed for the Month Earth work/ Concrete work/ Masonry / Others Specify Earth Work -Filling Qty……. Loc……. Earth Work -Cutting Qty……. Loc……. Concrete work Qty……. Loc……. Lining Qty……. Loc……. Turfing Qty……. Loc……. Service Road Qty……. Loc…….

II Material purchased from Vendor Ye Yes / No Granite Yes / No Sand Yes / No Morrum Yes / No 2. Details of the Vendor 3. Labour Employed Yes / No

S.No Particulars Remarks i Total Number of Labourers employed? ii Number of Male labourers? iii Number of female labourers? iv Number of local labourers? v Name the village from where the labour comes from?

V. Storage of Fuel Yes / No VI. Borrow Area Management 4. No. of Borrow Area approved? 5. No. of Borrow Area Rehabilitated/ Re-developed? 6. Permission Obtained for Borrow areas Private - land Owner / Govt. Land – Panchayat /Revenue (Note: Attach Copies of Permission Letter)

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4.Details of Borrow Areas

Sl. Description B.A. - 1 B.A. - 2 B.A. - 3 No. 4.1 Capacity of the Borrow Area 4.2 Percentage of the capacity exhausted 4.3 Total quantity of the Earth Excavated (in cum.) 4.4 Quantity of Top Soil Removed from the Borrow Area 4.5 Location of stored top Soil that was removed 4.6 Quantity of Top Soil Stored at the beginning of the month 4.7 Quantity of Top Soil utilized at the end of the month 4.8 Location(s) where Top Soil has been utilized (Specify on a Location Plan)

VII Haulage Road Existing Road/ Temp Road Created 3. Maintenance of Haulage Road done ? Yes / No 4. Dust Suppression Measures taken ? Yes / No

VIII. Quarries Under Operation Yes / No 4. If Yes, Number of Quarries in Use and locations? 5. If No, Name of Vendor, the material Purchased and SPCB Certificate of Vendor to be Enclosed? 6. Are the Vehicles used for Supplying material covered ? Yes / No

IX. Dump Sites: Identified - Yes / No Low lying areas Used - Yes/ No Disposal Sites – identified - Yes/ No

X. Storage of Material: Adj . to Canal / ROW/ etc XI. Blockage of Natural drains Yes / No

XII. Dust Control Measure:

Sl.No. Dust Control Devices Dust control devices are available. – Yes/ N 1 Sprinkling of Water Sprinkling of water carried out. Yes/ No 2 Cover on the vehicles Yes/ No

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3 Cover on stack Yes/ No materials

XIII. Noise Control Measure:

S.No. Measure Remarks 1 Machines establishes in Habitation Yes / No

2 Away from Habitations Yes / No

3 Machines Sent for Maintenance Yes / No regularly

XIV. Safety Measures Taken:

Sl. Description No. 1 Whether first aid post established at site? Yes/No 2 Whether safety helmets given to all workmen at site? Yes/No

3 Whether safety belts / ribbons used at work site Yes/No

4 Whether gum boots, tarring unfits, spectacles etc. Yes/No given to person handling bitumen?

XV. Environmental Monitoring Details

Sl.No Type of Test No. of Date of Test Remarks Locations last conducted 1 Ground Water 2 Surface Water 3 Silt 4 Soil

Signature of the WUAs Representative Signature of the SIO Staff Name of the WUA Name of the SIO Staff Date Date Verified

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Annexure 11

PARAMETERS FOR GROUND WATER ANALYSI S AS PER I S 10500:1991

S.No Parameter Essential Characteristics 1 Colour Hazen Units, Max 2 Odour 3 Taste 4 Turbidity NTU, Max 5 pH Value 6 Total hardness( as CaCO3) mg/L, Max 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L, Max 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L, Max 9 Residual, free chlorine mg/L, Max Desirable Characteristics 10 Dissolved solids mg/L, Max 11 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L, Max 12 Copper (as Cu) mg/L, Max 13 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L, Max 14 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L, Max 15 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/L 16 Fluoride (as F) mg/L, Max 17 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/L, Max 18 Mercury (as Hg) mg/L, Max 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L, Max 20 Selemium (as Se) mg/L, Max 21 Arsenic (as As) mg/L, Max 22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/L, Max 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L, Max 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L, Max 25 Anionic Detergents (as MBAS) mg/L, Max 26 Chromium (as Cr 6+) mg/L, Max 27 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L, max 28 Mineral Oil mg/L, Max 29 Pesticides mg/L, Max DDT/ Endosulphan/ phorate/ carbofuran/ monocrotophos 30 Radioactive materials a). Alpha emitters Bq/L. Max b). Beta emitters Bq/L Max 31 Alkalinity mg/L. Max 32 Aluminium (as Al) mg/L, Max 33 Boron, mg/L, Max 34 E-coli

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Annexure 11a PARAMETERS FOR SURFACE WATER ANALYSI S AS PER I S : 2296:1992 Sl.No Characteristics 1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)mg/l, min 2 Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD)mg/l, max 3 Total coliform organisms MPN/100ml, max 4 pH value 5 Colour, Hazen units, max. 6 Odour 7 Taste 8 Total dissolved solids, mg/l, max. 9 Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. 10 Calcium hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. 11 Magnesium hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, max. 12 Copper (as Cu), mg/l, max. 13 Iron (as Fe), mg/l, max. 14 Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, max. 15 Chlorides (as Cu), mg/l, max. 16 Sulphates (as SO4), mg/l, max. 17 Nitrates (as NO3), mg/l, max. 18 Fluorides (as F), mg/l, max. 19 Phenolic compounds (as C2H5OH), mg/l, max. 20 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, max. 21 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, max. 22 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, max. 23 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, max. 24 Cyanide (as Pb), mg/l, max. 25 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, max. 26 Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, max. 27 Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l, max. 28 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/l, max. 29 Barium (as Ba), mg/l, max. 30 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/l, max 31 Electrical conductivity, micromhos/cm, max 32 Sodium absorption ratio, max 33 Boron, mg/l, max 34 Pesticides i) DDE ii) DDT iii) Endosulfan iv) Endosulphan Sulfate v) Monocrotophos vi) Carbofuran vii) Phorate 35 COD

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36 Turbidity 37 Aluminium as Al 38 Sodium as Na % 39 Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)

Annexure 11b PARAMETERS FOR SOIL / SILT ANALYSIS

S.No Parameter 1 pH 2 EC 3 Organic Carbon “C” 4 Texture 5 Phosphorous ( P) 6 Potassium ( K) 7 Sulphur (S) 8 Calcium (Ca) 9 Magnesium (Mg) Heavy metals 10 Chromium (Cr) 11 Lead (Pb) 12 Cadmium (Cd) 13 Fluoride (Fl) 14 Nickel ( Ni) 15 Arsenic (Ar) 16 Mercury (Hg) Micro-nutrients 17 Boron (B) 18 Copper(Cu) 19 Iron (Fe) 20 Manganese (Mn) 21 Molybdenum (Mo) 22 Zinc(Zn) Pesticides 23 DDT 24 Endosulphan 25 Phorate 26 Carbofuran 27 Monocrotophos

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PHOTO PLATES

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PHOTO PLATES – 15th to 18th December 2011 Visit

Off Taking Point of Pattamundai RD 0 +000 km

Main canal Silted, Eroded with weeds at RD 0+ 500 Km

Main canal silted and eroded banks at RD 2+400 km

Main Canal Silted and with weeds and trees on the bund at RD 2+450 km

Main Canal Silted with VRB and polluted water at RD 6+200 km

Distributary No ‐1 Offtaking point at RD 11+227 Silted

Distributary No ‐1 Silted canal with weeds at RD 0+100Km and shrubs on the embankment

Main canal RD

12+210 with encroachments on the canal banks

Main canal at RD 13+560 Km Temple on the embankment

Main Canal with Drainage Syphon and silt at RD 13+220 Km

Rameshwar Minor Off taking point Canal silted and eroded embankment

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Harvested Paddy Field in the Ayacut at RD 14+000 Km

Main Canal at RD 14+530 with weeds and waterlogged condition adjacent to canal

Off taking point of Distributary No ‐2 at RD 15+070 Silted

Rameshwara Fall – damaged pitching at RD 15+300

Encroachment on canal embankments at RD 15+300 Km

Distributary no‐3 Silted and eroded banks and encroachment at RD 2+200 Km

VRB under Construction at RD 17+000 km – Main canal

Cross Regulator at RD 26+050 with damaged pitching

Drainage Syphon and CR at RD 26+050 main canal ‐

Off taking point of DS at RD 26+050 Km – Silted condition

Main Canal at RD 31+000 Temple on the canal embankment

Main canal with Polluted water, weeds and garbage at RD 36+850 km

Main Canal with weeds and encroachments at RD 35+850 Km

PP Interaction at Jagatpur

Distributary No 1 Silted and weeds at RD no. 14+200 km

Tail end portion of Distributary no. 1 Silted along with PP members

Encroachments along the main canal at RD 37+000 km at Charinangal Bazar

Encroachments along the Distributary No ‐7 – at Charinangal Bazar adjacent to main canal

Distributary no 7 Parallel to Main canal at RD 40+000 km

Benipur Cross Regulator at RD 40.890Km

Off taking point of Distributary no ‐8 – with silted conditions

Eroded Banks at Mangalpur village RD 52+000 km

Proposed VRB site at Mangalpur RD 52+050 km

Off Taking point of Distributary 11 A from Main Canal

Main Canal at RD 62+000 weeds in the canal, Plantation along the bund and grasses

Encroachment s along the main canal bank at RD 62+750, Bada Ghogra village

PP Interaction at Goguva Village

Main Canal Tail end portion at Alaval Lock – silted and dominant with weeds

Temple adjacent to embankment of canal at RD 3+400 at Nala Dholia village – Gobri canal

Gunupur Escape silted and with weeds at RD 8 +410 of Gobri canal

PP Interaction at Gandakia Village Tail end portion