1/11/2017
Sustainability: PERMACULTURE for Everyone Lynda Garvin, Agriculture Agent NMSU Cooperative extension Service
Sustainability
Definition EPA: Our survival and wellbeing depends on our natural environment (and vice versa) Create & maintain the conditions where humans and nature can exist in productive harmony to support present and future generations
Time well spent blog
1 1/11/2017
Why is sustainability Important?
Activity 1:
Take a few minutes to write down what sustainability means to you: In your indoor and outdoor space Name 3 things you are already doing that contribute to sustainability. Name 1 thing you can do in the future to contribute to the sustainability of your community.
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Sustainability
It’s a mindset It’s behavioral It’s a moral imperative It’s essential for the survival of our planet & all species It’s our responsibility
Lets talk about stuff
Don’t touch my stuff!
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What does this have to do with sustainability?
“…the greatest change we can make is from consumption to production, even if on a small scale. If only 10% of us do this, there is enough for everyone.” Bill Mollison Father of the permaculture movement
Advertising
2015 $80 billion spent You need this stuff to be: Good enough Validated Beautiful Competitive Successful Fulfilled Happy
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Planned Obsolescence
Manufacturing stuff uses water, fossil fuels, human labor, resources…creates waste & pollution Built in Stop making that design Cheaper to buy new than fix Technology no longer supported
Cheap manufactured goods – We don’t pay the true labor and environmental costs
5 1/11/2017
Housing
US living spaces doubled since the 1950’s (980 sq. feet) US 2010 census average size 2,392 sq. feet
What happens when you have more space?
Self Storage Industry
2.2 billion dollar industry 2,300,000,000 square feet
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Main contributor to species loss
Loss of habitat Human encroachment on their habitats (timber, agriculture, development, fishing…) Shrinking natural areas to feed, breed, and find shelter Other causes – Oil spills (other pollution) Acid rain Heating and cooling of the plant Hunting Natural disasters
More about stuff & what you can do
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Sustainable Living & Permaculture
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1974 while teaching at the University of Tasmania, Bill Mollison and David Holmgren developed a joint framework for a Sustainable Agriculture System
PERMACULTURE
Permanent + Agriculture Permanent + Culture Mainly for household and community self- reliance
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PERMACULTURE
Culture cannot survive without a sustainable agriculture base and landuse ethic
Permanent
≠ fixed ≠ stagnant Sustainable Flowing Evolving Adapting over time
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Permaculture
Mind set Lifestyle Holistic driven behaviors Socially responsible life choices Process
PERMACULTURE ETHICS
Earth Care People Care Share Surplus
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EARTH CARE
Hippocratic Oath for the planet: “…I will abstain from all intentional wrong-doing and harm” Work with nature Build and protect resources Simplicity & diversity Do more with less
PEOPLE CARE
Everything and everyone is connected Meet basic needs: Food, water, shelter, education, meaningful livelihood, connection Help people become self-reliant and promote community responsibility
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Share Surplus
Contribution of surplus: Time Products Money Energy To achieve the aims of earth and people care
Permaculture Principles
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Activity 2:
Draw a simple diagram representing your living space and homescape as it is now On the same sheet of paper draw a stick figure representing you
Let’s look at your diagrams
Who has their stick figure self next to your homescape? Who has their stick figure self inside their homescape?
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Where do I stand in the system/landscape/foodscape?
Humans are not superior to other living forms. We are not masters over nature. See ourselves as nature; not separate from it. “Everything we do to other life forms we do to ourselves.” Bill Mollison Do you see yourself in the system or outside the system?
Awareness is the first step to making change
Seed2Need Leslie Davis
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Take time to observe and be in your homescape/foodscape/landscape
Work with nature not against it What was the land and natural environment like in the past? Read natural history books Native vegetation and wildlife
Take time to observe natural patterns and flows on the land throughout the seasons: Where do you like to hang out, walk, ponder Water Wind Sun Shade Warm and cool areas Wildlife Plant communities
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A note about microclimates
Every plant Every structure Every object within the homescape (and around it) creates a microclimate – Temperature variation Moisture retention or drying Sheltered or exposure Otero Master Gardeners
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Design is making connections between things
The parts of the home scape are viewed in relation to other things in the homescape, not in isolation Looking for and enhance relationships within the homescape so they work together efficiently
Rod Geston mudhubllc.com
Work with Nature not against it; cooperation not competition
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Work is Pollution
“Tidiness is maintained disorder and a waste of energy.” Ben Haggard
Optimize the edge – greatest diversity and fertility
Relative Location
Going with the flow of Water Land Personal habits
Start small and get it right!
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A tale of the wrong place
Go to Google map
Garden
Water spigot
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Everything Performs Many Services
How do things interact with each other? What benefits do they provide to each other, the homescape, and household? Take time to look at and map these functions, interactions, & relationships to maximize all the resources & help in decision making Good practice: make sure every element you want has at least two functions
Everything in the home scape performs many services
Worm bin
Kitchen Kitchen Garden
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New Mexican Olive Services/Functions: Oxygen maker Privacy Screen Windbreak Habitat and food for wildlife (chickens?) Nectar plant for pollinators Erosion control Soil builder Adds color and texture Carbon sink
Don’t Forget
You are a major resource and serve many functions/services within your permaculture system (homescape)
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Activity 3: Make a resource map of one thing in your garden/homescape
Each important function is supported by many elements (have a backup)
Irrigation water: Water Tanks filled with rainwater from roof gravity fed to drip system Well with pump connect hose from spigot to drip system Hand water herb garden from house tap Pond water
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Backup systems
Energy: Solar panels Batteries to store energy for use at night or rainy days (we wish) Public electricity Gas water heater as backup Heat water on stove for shower Leave black bucket outside to warm water for shower Tree turbines
Efficient Energy Planning
Zone and placement of elements looking at: slope, sun & shade wind, water flow, temperature gradients… to maximize time, energy, and money
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http://www.newwind.fr/Arbre-vent_31.html
Tesla solar Roof Panels
Heating and cooking
Solar Cooker
Rocket Stove for heat Rocket stove for cooking
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Heat sinks for growing less cold tolerant plants and year long production
Green building
Straw bale house
Cob House (adobe)
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Refuse, Reduce, Reuse/Repurpose, Recycle
Zone Planning
Intensity & frequency of use and management from highest (zone 0) to lowest (Zone 5).
Smart use of your energy and mother nature’s.
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You may have only zone 0 & 1
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Our most limiting resource - WATER
Where can you find it on your property? Where does it flow when it rains? Slow it down Collect it Reuse it - waste & gray water
Slow it down and keep it on site
Straw bales
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Swales – slow flow and hold water
Straw bales
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Soil sponges
Dig a hole Fill with organic matter Paper Cotton clothes Wood chips Leaves….. Absorbs and hold soil moisture Good for trees
Build and maintain healthy soils
The key to successful gardening Deep organically rich soil encourages the growth of healthy extensive roots Provides a beneficial environment for billions of organisms found in the soil food web
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pH & Nutrients – get your soil tested our pH is 7+
Optimum for plants 6.0-7.2 It influences how easily plants can take up nutrients from the soil When pH exceeds 7.5, iron, manganese, and phosphorus are less available. Plants have pH preferences
Add Organic Matter
Compost pile at Seed2Need
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Green Manure
Plant fall & grow over winter. Cut and work it back into the soil Adds organic matter and nutrients Legumes add nitrogen: Clover, hairy vetch, peas, alfalfa, beans
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Cover Crops
Sainfoin Sesbania
New Zealand white clover
Nitrogen fixing plants
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Fertilizers
Finally lets talk about growing food
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Building Soil Health
Healthy Soils Healthy Plants Healthy People -Rodale Institute
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You are what you eat
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Diet related chronic diseases
Coronary Heart Disease Obesity Diabetes (Type 2) High Blood Pressure Stroke Osteoporosis & bone fracture Osteoarthritis Cancer Sleep Apnea Respiratory problems Gall Bladder Teeth and gum
Disease, Weeds, & Insect Pest Best Management Tools
Healthy soils and plants. Plants adapted to our climate.
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Use Biological Resources
Create habitat for beneficial insects
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Mason Bee Houses
Permaculture Plant Guild – built around a central plant
Food Forest
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Small Scale Intensive Systems Diverse Planting is Key
Prevents build up of pest, weed, and disease populations Confuse insect pests Adds variety to the garden and your plate Include nectary plants
Intensive Garden Spacing
• Square-foot gardening • Bio-intensive- closer spacing in a particular pattern • Weed suppression
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Disease, Weeds, & Insect Pest Best Management Tools
Healthy soils and plants. Plants adapted to our climate.
Use Biological Resources
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Create habitat for beneficial insects
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Mason Bee Houses
Adding edibles to your landscape/ home scape
https://www.pinterest.com/agirlagarden/landscape-design-edible-landscaping-ideas/
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Add perennials
Trees – nitrogen fixers, fruit, & nut Shrubs Woody vines Vegetables – Asparagus Garlic Sun chokes/artichokes
Use edibles as landscape plants
landscap.syrupdenver.com/best-edible-landscapes- ideas/garden-edible-landscaping Rosalind Creasy Edible Landscapes
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Companion Planting
Plants that get along together Don’t compete for resources Provide benefits to each other
Fill vertical spaces with edibles
Space saving Time saving Back saving
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Time Stacking – provide production all year long – succession planting
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Microclimates
Seasonal Extension
Cold frames Row Covers
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Hoop Houses
Green houses (passive)
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Permaculture Resources
Free online classes: www.openpermaculture.com - NC State University www.permies.com www.geofflawton.com http://tobyhemenway.com/resources/permaculture- reading-list/
Putting our surplus food to work
Seed2Need photo Leslie Davis
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Poverty Rates 2014
Nationwide New Mexico
15.6% = 46.7 million people live in 21% live at or below poverty level poverty (436,153 people) Ranks 2nd overall poverty
Child Poverty 21% - 15.5 million Highest ranking in child poverty at 30%, 1 in 5
http://www.census.gov
Food Security – Share the surplus
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Food Security Food Secure Households: none or only minimal anxiety or concern about adequate food, but quality, variety, and quantity were not reduced
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx
Food Insecure
Low Food Security: reduced quality, variety, and desirability of diet, but little indication of reduced food intake (over weight/obesity) Very Low Food Security: During the year, eating patterns were disrupted and food intake reduced due to lack of money or resources for food
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Food assistance myth
SNAP Recipients Non SNAP Recipients 1. Meat, poultry and seafood: 19.2 percent 1. Meat, poultry, and seafood: 15.9 percent 2. Sweetened beverages: 9.3 percent 2. Vegetables: 9.1 percent 3. Vegetables: 7.2 percent 3. Cheese: 7.9 percent 4. Frozen prepared meals: 6.9 percent 4. Fruits: 7.2 percent 5. Prepared deserts: 6.9 percent 5. Sweetened beverages: 7.1 percent 6. Cheese: 6.5 percent 6. Prepared deserts: 6.4 percent 7. Bread and crackers: 5.4 percent 7. Bread and crackers: 6.3 percent 8. Fruit: 4.7 percent 8. Frozen prepared foods: 5.1 percent 9. Milk: 3.5 percent 9. Milk: 3.8 percent 10. Salty snacks: 3.4 percent 10. Salty snacks: 3.1 percent
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Application of Sustainability & Permaculture in our MG Projects
Existing Classes, workshops, outreach tables, Demonstration gardens – Waterwise RR, Placitas Library, … School programs Seed2Need Bernalillo Community Garden Tree Stewards Garden2Table Sandoval – recipe demos & gardening advice Sandoval County Seed Library
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