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1 Unit 9: Culture Reading: Ethnicity Difference Between Unit 9: Culture Reading: Ethnicity Difference Between Ethnicity and Race Very few of us accurately describe the difference between ethnicity and race, simply because we tend to lump them into the same definition. While the dictionary can represent each of these words to be highly similar, there are differences. Ethnicity is not just a person’s race. We can say that a Caucasian is white, but that doesn’t describe his ethnicity. If we lined up a Caucasian from Ireland, Israel and Canada in a photograph, it would be difficult to discern from which country each person originates. Yet, if we gave them appropriate items from their culture, it becomes easier to determine their country of origin. Ethnicity is about tradition, learned behavior and customs. It is about learning where you come from, and celebrating the traditions and ideas that are part of that region. At one time it was easy to tell one’s ethnicity, but as the global conglomeration offered more choice and change (as well as borrowing styles and ideas from other cultures), it has become impossible to identify ethnicity based solely on distinctive features. Ethnicity gives us room to change because we can reject our own and embrace another. You can move from one region to another and assimilate your beliefs, actions and customs to identify with that ethnic orientation. You cannot do the same with race. Race is your biologically engineered features. It can include skin color, skin tone, eye and hair color, as well as a tendency toward developing certain diseases. It is not something that can be changed or disguised. Race does not have customs or globally learned behavior. Going back to our three Caucasians, each could be cloned and placed in different cultures throughout the world that were primarily not Caucasian. While their behavior would change, their physical and biological features would not. Race can be used to describe other elements of biological and regional differences. For instance, you can be born Jewish (which is usually referred to as a religion), but it does not mean that you have embraced the Jewish customs or religious beliefs. In such cases, the same term can be used to describe either ethnicity or race. Ethnicity does not always describe color either. One can claim to be African, which indicates an entire multi-regional, multi-cultural continent. You can enhance the definition by assigning a sub culture to the ethnicity, such as South African, or Ethiopian. There can be a wide range of skin colors and tones throughout Africa, ranging from the white skin and fair haired faces many associate with the Aryan race to the dark skin, black haired faces that many associate with African regions. Difference Between White and Caucasian Caucasian (also Caucasoid) is a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon, and depending on which race classifications is used, have usually included some or all of the ancient and modern populations of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. 1 In biological anthropology, Caucasoid has been used as an umbrella term for similar groups from these different regions, with a focus on skeletal anatomy, and especially cranial morphology, over skin tone. Ancient and modern "Caucasoid" populations were thus held to have ranged in complexion from white to dark brown. In the United States, the root term Caucasian has also often been used in a different, societal context as a synonym for "white" or "of European ancestry". The main difference between White and Caucasian is related to the skin color. A White person can be called Caucasian, but not all Caucasian people are white. The concept of a white race or white people originated in the 17th century. The term was coined mainly to differentiate the white from the dark skinned people. However, using the term "white" to describe a person’s skin color is found in Greco- Roman and other ancient sources. It was only in the recent time that the concept of Caucasian originated. The term can be traced to the 19th century and has been derived from a region of the Caucasus Mountains. German scientist and anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach is credited with the development of the term Caucasian in 1800. Difference Between Hispanic and Latino Hispanic 1. of or relating to the people, speech, or culture of Spain or of Spain and Portugal 2. of, relating to, or being a person of Latin American descent 2 Latino 1. a native or inhabitant of Latin America 2. a person of Latin American origin living in the U.S. Hispanic originally referred to the people of ancient Roman Hispania, which roughly comprised the Iberian Peninsula, including the states of Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and the British Territory of Gibraltar. The term Hispanic broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain. It commonly applies to countries once colonized by the Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia, particularly the countries of Latin America and the Philippines. It could be argued that the term should apply to all Spanish-speaking cultures or countries, as the historical roots of the word specifically pertain to the Iberian region. It is difficult to label a nation or culture with one term, such as Hispanic, as the ethnicities, customs, traditions, and art forms (music, literature, dress, culture, cuisine, and others) vary greatly by country and region. The Spanish language and Spanish culture are the main traditions. Right now, people are actually confused on which term is applicable when referring to the person or culture relating to Spanish. And with the Latino stars that are getting popular, they confused the terms Hispanic and Latino even more. So what could be the dissimilarities for Hispanic and Latino terms? The first difference lies in the kind of figures of speech of these words. Hispanic is an adjective while Latino could be an adjective or a noun. Hispanic was coined from the dwellers of the Iberian Peninsula 3 which includes Portugal and Spain. Latino on the other hand originated from the dwellers of Latin America which includes Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico and other places in South and Central America. Latino is an abbreviation of the term Latin America. Latin America 0is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Romance languages are predominant. The term originated in 19th century France as Amérique latine to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. Today, Latin America is considered to be an area that stretches from the northern border of Mexico to the southern tip of South America, including the Caribbean. One important thing that you need to remember when trying to differentiate the Latino and Hispanic is that Latino pertains to the countries or cultures that belonged to the Latin America while Hispanic describes the language or culture that were previously under the Spanish colony. You can be a Latino even if you are not really Spanish-speaking as long as you originated from the nations from Latin America. Hispanic on the other hand simply refers to the Spanish language. The term Mestizo, is traditionally used in Spain and Latin America to mean a person of combined European and Amerindian descent, regardless of whether the person was born in Latin America or elsewhere. A 2012 study published by the Journal of Human Genetics found that the majority of the current Mexican population (≈93%) is mixed race to some degree, the study found that the paternal ancestry of the average Mexican-Mestizo was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%), and African (4.2%). Difference Between Black and African-American ‘Black’ (or Black American) and ‘African-American’ are generally terms used for referring to Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The terms Colored, an old term for African American people, now considered offensive, and Negro has fallen out of favor among younger black Americans. However, there is often confusion as to which term, Black or African-American, should be used and which term may be distressing to people. The term ‘Black’ came into existence during the 1960s and ’70s, at the time of the Civil Rights Movement. It was the Black Movement that insisted on the use of black instead of Negro. The term ‘African-American’ or ‘Afro-American’ became popular during the 1980s. The term ‘Black’ is generally used for Americans that do not have any close association with Africa or with recent immigrants. ‘African-American’ or ‘Afro-American’ was advanced in the 1980s to give Americans of African descent an equivalent of German-American or Italian-American, and is widely used to describe all 4 people with an African ancestry. The term peaked in popularity during the 1990s and 2000s, but today is sometimes perceived as carrying a self-conscious political correctness that is unnecessary. In informal speech and writing, Black is often preferred and is rarely considered offensive. Hyphenated Americans “There is no room in this country for hyphenated Americanism. When I refer to hyphenated Americans, I do not refer to naturalized Americans. Some of the very best Americans I have ever known were naturalized Americans, Americans born abroad. But a hyphenated American is not an American at all … The one absolutely certain way of bringing this nation to ruin, of preventing all possibility of its continuing to be a nation at all, would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities, an intricate knot of German-Americans, Irish-Americans, English-Americans, French- Americans, Scandinavian-Americans or Italian-Americans, each preserving its separate nationality, each at heart feeling more sympathy with Europeans of that nationality, than with the other citizens of the American Republic … There is no such thing as a hyphenated American who is a good American.
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