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Von Java Zu Jakarta Ein Interview Mit Werner Keil VON JAVA ZU JAKARTA EIN INTERVIEW MIT WERNER KEIL Geführt von Alexander Salvanos, Senior IT Consultant bei msg systems ag Seit 1998 ist die Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) der Indus- spezifiziert. Auch alles andere, wie die technologischen Kom- triestandard, der es sich unter anderem zur Aufgabe gemacht patibilitätstests (TCK), wird auf gleiche Weise erstellt. Dennoch hat, die besonderen Sicherheitsprobleme der geschäftskriti- gibt es einen kleinen Unterschied, und der liegt im Führungs- schen Unternehmensanwendung von Industrie und Behörden modell. Denn Jakarta EE ist nun Community basiert. Hiermit zu lösen. Und auch wenn dieser Industriestandard im Jahr 2018 ist nicht nur gemeint, dass sich jeder Java-Programmierer an an die Eclipse Foundation ging und dort auch noch mit Jakarta der Programmierung als gleichgestellter Entwickler beteiligen EE einen neuen Namen bekam, so ist es immer noch der gleiche kann, sondern auch, dass die neuen Spezifikationen und Ent- Industriestandard. Das Ziel von Jakarta EE (ehemals Java EE) ist wicklungsprozesse für Jakarta EE offen und herstellerneutral es nach wie vor, eine Plattform anzubieten, mit der sich hoch- sind und gleiche Wettbewerbsbedingungen für alle Teilnehmer skalierbare, zuverlässige und sichere Unternehmensanwendun- bieten. Das klingt alles sehr positiv. Dennoch gab es Hürden: gen erstellen lassen. Beispielsweise stellte der Transfer der Java-EE-Quelltexte von Oracle an die Eclipse Foundation eine große Herausforderung Und genau wie Java EE ist auch Jakarta EE Teil des Java Com- dar. Gerade hierbei ist es daher sehr wichtig, dass erfahrene munity Process (JCP). Sie erinnern sich: Beim JCP werden Ja- Java-EE-Persönlichkeiten auf dem Schiff mit der nun neuen va-Neuerungen als Spezifikationsanfrage (JSR) eingereicht. Flagge mitreisen. Eine der herausragenden Personen hierbei Nimmt das Exekutivkomitee die Anfrage an, so durchläuft sie ist Werner Keil, der bereits zu Zeiten von Sun Microsystems einen formalen Prozess, bei dem sie eine Expert Group genauer Mitglied des Java Community Process Executive Committee 4 | .public 01-21 | Interview und der Java EE Expert-Group tätig war und dort mit zahlrei- eine Stimme, genauso wie die Strategic Enterprise Members, chen Awards prämiert wurde. Seine Auszeichnungen füllen die einen Jahresbeitrag bezahlen. Das sind beispielsweise die Regale: JCP Award Winner, JCP Spec Lead/JSR of the Year, Unternehmen IBM, Red Hat usw. Zwar hat Oracle als Industrie- Speaker of All Time, JCP Award Winner, Member of the Year unternehmen hierdurch auch eine Stimme, aber es hat kein JCP Award Winner, Most Significant JSR Spec Lead at JSR 385 Vetorecht mehr. Und auch die verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen, JCP Award Winner, JSP Executive Committee Member, Java EE wie das Specification Committee, oder führende Funktionäre Expert Group Member und nun auch Jakarta EE Specification der Eclipse Foundation, können nicht über diesen demokrati- Committee Member und Committer Representative der Jakar- schen Prozess hinweg entscheiden. ta EE Working Group. Wir hatten die Gelegenheit, mit Werner Keil zu sprechen. msg: Das hört sich ja gut an. Hatte diese Änderung auch Nach- teile zur Folge? msg: Vielen Dank, Werner, dass Du Dir heute die Zeit genommen hast für uns. Wann und wie bist Du erstmalig mit Java EE in Werner Keil: Ja, schon ein bisschen. Denn jetzt müssen alle Berührung gekommen und wie bist Du zu diesen hohen Positi- Mitglieder zur Weiterentwicklung des Jakarta-EE-Standards onen in der Java- und Java-EE-Community gekommen? beitragen. Man kann also nicht mehr sagen, dass Oracle und vielleicht auch noch IBM die Arbeit machen und die anderen Werner Keil: Erstmalig bei einer JavaOne-Konferenz war ich höchstens mal alle paar Monate ihre Stimme abgeben. Son- 1998, nachdem mir mein Kunde aus dem öffentlichen Sektor, dern es ist sehr viel mehr aktive Gestaltung gefragt. Früher wa- nämlich die österreichische Pensionskasse, freundlicherweise ren es ja vor allem zahlreiche Mitarbeiter von Oracle, die an der ein Ticket mit Flug zur JavaOne finanzierte. Auf der Konferenz Programmierung beteiligt waren. Jetzt sind es gefühlt nur noch wurde auch das spätere Java EE erstmalig vorgestellt. In das zwei bis vier Oracle-Mitarbeiter, die mitarbeiten. VON JAVA ZU JAKARTA JCP Executive Committee und in die Java EE Expert Group wurde ich aber erst im Jahre 2007 gewählt, nachdem ich für msg: Sind auch Behörden in irgendeiner Weise an der Weiter- Sun Microsystems und BEA/Oracle gearbeitet habe. Diese Tä- entwicklung von Jakarta EE beteiligt? tigkeit hat mich dann auch inspiriert und in die Lage versetzt, die Standards später aktiv mitzugestalten. Werner Keil: Ja, zumindest indirekt. So sind beispielsweise das Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) und das msg: 2018 ging Java EE 8 von Oracle an die Eclipse Foundation Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) Eclipse-Mitglieder, über, wo sie kurze Zeit später den Namen Jakarta EE 8 erhielt. ebenso die Deutsche Bahn oder die Schweizer Bundesbah- Welche Auswirkungen, denkst Du, hat diese Entscheidung für nen (SBB), auch wenn diese derzeit wahrscheinlich nicht aktiv den Industriestandard und somit für unternehmenskritische an Jakarta EE mitwirken. Und ich habe gerade heute mit den Geschäftsanwendungen gehabt? Eclipse-Vertretern über das von der EU gehostete und gespon- serte DSS-Projekt1 (Digital Signature Service) gesprochen. Aber Werner Keil: Ein großer Vorteil des Übergangs von Oracle an die in der Regel sind Behörden vorwiegend Nutzer. Eclipse Foundation ist, dass seitdem Entscheidungen demo- kratischer gefällt werden. Vorher hatte Oracle stets das letzte JAKARTA EE – EIN SOLIDER INDUSTRIE- Wort, denn es waren ja meistens Oracle-Mitarbeiter an Java EE STANDARD FÜR BEHÖRDEN beteiligt. Und jede Spezifikation hatte auch wieder einen Spe- zifikationsleiter von Oracle usw. Dadurch hatte Oracle ein Veto- msg: Für Behörden waren die standardisierten Java-Technolo- recht. Das gibt es in dieser Form jetzt nicht mehr. Denn durch gien stets von großer Bedeutung, denn ihre geschäftskritischen den Wechsel haben nun alle das gleiche Mitbestimmungs- Unternehmensanwendungen müssen besonderen Sicher- recht. Dadurch kann auch niemand mehr diktieren, was er im heitsanforderungen gerecht werden. Denkst Du, dass Jakarta Standard haben will. EE immer noch den soliden Industriestandard darstellt, wie er von den Behörden für ihre unternehmenskritischen Geschäfts- Wenn beispielsweise CORBA oder EJB aus dem Standard her- anwendungen benötigt wird? ausgenommen werden sollen, wird diese Entscheidung demo- kratisch gefällt. Und auch ich als Committer Representative, Werner Keil: Ja, nun sogar umso mehr. Denn erst jetzt ist vor- also als Vertreter der Jakarta EE Committer Members, habe hersehbarer geworden, wohin sich der Standard bewegt. Interview | .public 01-21 | 5 Zum Beispiel wird jetzt niemand mehr aus wirtschaftlichen Technologien lieber in ihrer eigenen Cloud anbieten. Wobei Gründen die Technologien in eine eigene Cloud befördern, nur Oracle hier allerdings weniger erfolgreich unterwegs ist als um seinen eigenen Gewinn zu steigern. große Mitbewerber wie Microsoft, Google oder Amazon, die oftmals auch ihre eigenen OpenJDK-Distributionen bereitstel- msg: In der Vergangenheit wurden Java-EE-Server von den Gro- len, wie Coretto bei Amazon. ßen der IT-Industrie zur Verfügung gestellt. Dadurch konnten sich Behörden darauf verlassen, dass sie ein solides Fundament ÄLTERE, AUF JAVA EE BASIERENDE vorfinden, auf dem sie ihre Anwendungen laufen lassen können. INSTALLATIONEN WERDEN IMMER WENIGER Ist das noch immer so, oder hat sich hieran etwas geändert? MIT JAKARTA EE KOMPATIBEL SEIN Werner Keil: Hieran hat msg: Seit vielen Jahren sich nichts geändert. setzt sich Apache Tom- Ganz im Gegenteil, denn cat in Kombination mit es sind noch mehr Un- Spring und Hibernate in ternehmen wie Fujitsu Behörden immer weiter und weitere Anbieter als durch. Genauso wird als solides Fundament hin- Frontend immer mehr zugekommen. Gerade aus auf JavaScript-basierte dem asiatischen Raum Frameworks wie Angular kamen zuletzt besonders gesetzt. Ist das nicht ein viele Jakarta-EE-Mitglie- Trend, der die ganze Idee der dazu – neben Fujitsu eines Industriestandards TmaxSoft aus Südkorea wie Java EE oder jetzt Ja- sowie sechs Mitglieder karta EE infrage stellt? aus China, darunter die beiden einzigen Enterpri- Werner Keil: Es war ja oh- se-Mitglieder der Jakarta nehin schon in der Ver- EE Working Group. gangenheit so, dass Java-EE-Versionen stets neue Java-Serv- let-Versionen mitbrachten und dies auch stets zu neuen Tom- Fast alle alteingesessenen Hersteller haben ihre Produkte auch cat-Hauptversionen führte. Und Tomcat ist und war ja auch im- schon kurze Zeit nach der Ankündigung von Jakarta EE 8 zertifizie- mer eine Implementierung zahlreicher Java-EE-Technologien. ren lassen, so auch IBM WebSphere – jetzt Liberty – und JBoss be- Somit sollte man Tomcat nicht als Konkurrent zu Java EE be- ziehungsweise Wildfly. Mit Ausnahme von Tomitribe, wo man zwar trachten. Und dieser Anschluss zum Enterprise-Standard setzt oft etwas „laut“ ist, was aber verglichen mit Oracle, IBM oder Fujitsu sich auch mit Jakarta EE fort. So basieren auch die aktuelleren bestenfalls ein KMU (kleine und mittlere Unternehmen) darstellt, Tomcat-Versionen mehr und mehr auf Jakarta-EE-Versionen. haben alle Strategic Members der Jakarta EE Working Group ihre Produkte bereits für Jakarta EE 8 zertifizieren können. Ab Apache Tomcat Version 10 wird die Angleichung zum Jakarta Servlet und somit Jakarta-EE-Standard komplett sein.
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