Activin Receptors in Gonadotrope Cells: New Tricks for Old Dogs
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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa Jaroslav Mokry * and Rishikaysh Pisal Medical Faculty, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 18 December 2020; Published: 20 December 2020 Abstract: The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs. Keywords: stem cell; epidermal placode; skin adnexa; signalling; hair pigmentation; markers; keratins 1. Epidermal Stem Cells as Units of Development 1.1. Development of the Epidermis and Placode Formation The embryonic skin at very early stages of development is covered by a surface ectoderm that is a precursor to the epidermis and its multiple derivatives. -
Activin-A As an Intraovarian Modulator: Actions, Localization, and Regulation of the Intact Dimer in Human Ovarian Cells
Activin-A as an intraovarian modulator: actions, localization, and regulation of the intact dimer in human ovarian cells. J Rabinovici, … , R Schwall, R B Jaffe J Clin Invest. 1992;89(5):1528-1536. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115745. Research Article The actions, localization, and regulation of activin in the human ovary are unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were (a) to define the effects of recombinant activin-A and its structural homologue, inhibin-A, on mitogenesis and steroidogenesis (progesterone secretion and aromatase activity) in human preovulatory follicular cells; (b) to localize the activin-A dimer in the human ovary by immunohistochemistry; and (c) to examine regulation of intracellular activin-A production in cultured human follicular cells. In addition to stimulating mitogenic activity, activin-A causes a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of basal and gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion and aromatase activity in human luteinizing follicular cells on day 2 and day 4 of culture. Inhibin-A exerts no effects on mitogenesis, basal or gonadotropin- stimulated progesterone secretion and aromatase activity, and does not alter effects observed with activin-A alone. Immunostaining for dimeric activin-A occurs in granulosa and cumulus cells of human ovarian follicles and in granulosa- lutein cells of the human corpus luteum. cAMP, and to a lesser degree human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle- stimulating hormone, but not inhibin-A, activin-A, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased the immunostaining for activin-A in cultured granulosa cells. These results indicate that activin-A may function as an autocrine or paracrine regulator of follicular function in the human ovary. -
Decorin, a Growth Hormone-Regulated Protein in Humans
178:2 N Bahl and others Growth hormone increases 178:2 145–152 Clinical Study decorin Decorin, a growth hormone-regulated protein in humans Neha Bahl1,2, Glenn Stone3, Mark McLean2, Ken K Y Ho1,4 and Vita Birzniece1,2,5 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2School of Medicine, Western Sydney Correspondence University, Blacktown Clinical School and Research Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, should be addressed Australia, 3School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South to V Birzniece Wales, Australia, 4Centres of Health Research, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and Email 5School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia v.birzniece@westernsydney. edu.au Abstract Context: Growth hormone (GH) stimulates connective tissue and muscle growth, an effect that is potentiated by testosterone. Decorin, a myokine and a connective tissue protein, stimulates connective tissue accretion and muscle hypertrophy. Whether GH and testosterone regulate decorin in humans is not known. Objective: To determine whether decorin is stimulated by GH and testosterone. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants and Intervention: 96 recreationally trained athletes (63 men, 33 women) received 8 weeks of treatment followed by a 6-week washout period. Men received placebo, GH (2 mg/day), testosterone (250 mg/week) or combination. Women received either placebo or GH (2 mg/day). Main outcome measure: Serum decorin concentration. Results: GH treatment significantly increased mean serum decorin concentration by 12.7 ± 4.2%; P < 0.01. There was a gender difference in the decorin response to GH, with greater increase in men than in women (∆ 16.5 ± 5.3%; P < 0.05 compared to ∆ 9.4 ± 6.5%; P = 0.16). -
New Insight of Some Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Beef Muscles
New insight of some extracellular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities Annabelle Dubost, Didier Micol, Claire Lethias, Anne Listrat To cite this version: Annabelle Dubost, Didier Micol, Claire Lethias, Anne Listrat. New insight of some extracel- lular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities. animal, Pub- lished by Elsevier (since 2021) / Cambridge University Press (until 2020), 2016, 10 (5), pp.1-8. 10.1017/S1751731115002396. hal-02629905 HAL Id: hal-02629905 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629905 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Animal, page 1 of 8 © The Animal Consortium 2015 animal doi:10.1017/S1751731115002396 New insight of some extracellular matrix molecules in beef muscles. Relationships with sensory qualities A. Dubost1, D. Micol1, C. Lethias2 and A. Listrat1† 1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; ²Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), FRE 3310 DyHTIT, Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, Cedex 07, France (Received 4 December 2014; Accepted 28 September 2015) The aim of this study was to highlight the relationships between decorin, tenascin-X and type XIV collagen, three minor molecules of extracellular matrix (ECM), with some structural parameters of connective tissue and its content in total collagen, its cross-links (CLs) and its proteoglycans (PGs). -
Inhibitory Effects of Activin on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Primary and Transformed Mammary Epithelial Cells'
ICANCERRESEARCH56. I 155-I 163. March I. 19961 Inhibitory Effects of Activin on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Primary and Transformed Mammary Epithelial Cells' Qiu Yan Liu, Birunthi Niranjan, Peter Gomes, Jennifer J. Gomm, Derek Davies, R. Charles Coombes, and Lakjaya Buluwela2 Departments of Medical Oncology (Q. Y. L, P. G.. J. J. G., R. C. C., L B.J and Biochemistry (Q. Y. L. L B.J. Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Fuiham Palace Road. London W6 8RF; Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology. Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswald Rood, Sutton. Surrey SM2 SNG (B. NJ; and FACS Analysis Laboratory. imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln ‘sInnFields. London WC2A 3PX (D. DI, United Kingdom ABSTRACT logical activities of activin. Indeed, two types of activin receptors have aLready been identified in the mouse (28) and several forms in Activin Is a member of the transforming growth factor fi superfamily, Xenopus (29, 30). The sequences of the Act-RI! (3 1), the TGF-@ type which is known to have activities Involved In regulating differentiation II receptor (32), the TGF-f3 type I receptor (33), and various activin and development. By using reverse transcrlption.PCR analysis on immu noafflnity.purlfied human breast cells, we have found that activin IJa and receptor-like genes (34) have been described. The comparison of these activin type II receptor are expressed by myoepithelial cells, whereas no sequences shows that they belong to a newly defined family of expression was detected In other breast cell types. In examining 15 breast membrane-bound, ligand-activated serine-threonine kinases (35). -
Production and Purification of Recombinant Human Inhibin and Activin
199 Production and purification of recombinant human inhibin and activin S A Pangas1 and T K Woodruff1,2 1Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 2Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA (Requests for offprints should be addressed to T K Woodruff; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Inhibin and activin are protein hormones with diverse Conditioned cell media can be purified through column physiological roles including the regulation of pituitary chromatography resulting in dimeric mature 32–34 kDa FSH secretion. Like other members of the transforming inhibin A and 28 kDa activin A. The purified recom- growth factor- gene family, they undergo processing binant proteins maintain their biological activity as from larger precursor molecules as well as assembly into measured by traditional in vitro assays including the regu- functional dimers. Isolation of inhibin and activin from lation of FSH in rat anterior pituitary cultures and the natural sources can only produce limited quantities of regulation of promoter activity of the activin-responsive bioactive protein. To purify large-scale quantities of promoter p3TP-luc in tissue culture cells. These proteins recombinant human inhibin and activin, we have utilized will be valuable for future analysis of inhibin and activin stably transfected cell lines in self-contained bioreactors to function and have been distributed to the US National produce protein. These cells produce approximately Hormone and Peptide Program. 200 µg/ml per day total recombinant human inhibin. Journal of Endocrinology (2002) 172, 199–210 Introduction residues (Dubois et al. 2001, Leitlein et al. 2001). The subtilisin-like proprotein covertases also cleave other Inhibin is a gonadal peptide originally isolated from ovarian TGF- family members such as Mullerian-inhibiting follicular fluid (Ling et al. -
A Study of Serum Levels of Inhibin a and B, Pro Alpha-C and Activin a in Women with Ovulatory Disturbances Before and After Stimulation with Gnrh
European Journal of Endocrinology (2000) 143 77±84 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Inverse correlation between baseline inhibin B and FSH after stimulation with GnRH: a study of serum levels of inhibin A and B, pro alpha-C and activin A in women with ovulatory disturbances before and after stimulation with GnRH Fritz W Casper, Rudolf J Seufert1 and Kunhard Pollow Department of Experimental Endocrinology and 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany (Correspondence should be addressed to F W Casper, Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Objective: Interest has focused recently on the in¯uences of the polypeptide factors inhibin and activin on the selective regulation of the pituitary secretion of gonadotropins. Design: Measurement of the concentrations of inhibin-related proteins in relation to the changes in pituitary gonadotropin (FSH, LH) parameters, after GnRH stimulation with a bolus injection of 100 mg gonadorelin, in 19 women with ovulatory disturbances. Methods: Serum levels of inhibin A and B, activin A, and pro alpha-C were measured using sensitive ELISA kits. Results: Within 60 min after GnRH stimulation, FSH values doubled from 5 to 10 mU/ml (P < 0.001). LH increased 12-fold from 2 to 24 mU/ml (P < 0.001). Activin A showed a signi®cant decrease from 0.47 to 0.36 ng/ml (P < 0.001), whereas pro alpha-C increased from 127 to 156 pg/ml (P 0.039). The median inhibin A concentration did not show a signi®cant change between baseline and the 60 min value, whereas inhibin B was characterized by a minor, but not signi®cant, increase in the median from 168 to 179 pg/ml (P 0.408). -
Ablation of the Decorin Gene Enhances Experimental Hepatic
Laboratory Investigation (2011) 91, 439–451 & 2011 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/11 $32.00 Ablation of the decorin gene enhances experimental hepatic fibrosis and impairs hepatic healing in mice Korne´lia Baghy1, Katalin Dezso+ 1, Vikto´ria La´szlo´ 1, Alexandra Fulla´r1,Ba´lint Pe´terfia1,Sa´ndor Paku1, Pe´ter Nagy1, Zsuzsa Schaff 2, Renato V Iozzo3 and Ilona Kovalszky1 Accumulation of connective tissue is a typical feature of chronic liver diseases. Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates collagen fibrillogenesis during development, and by directly blocking the bioactivity of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGFb1), it exerts a protective effect against fibrosis. However, no in vivo investigations on the role of decorin in liver have been performed before. In this study we used decorin-null (DcnÀ/À) mice to establish the role of decorin in experimental liver fibrosis and repair. Not only the extent of experimentally induced liver fibrosis was more severe in DcnÀ/À animals, but also the healing process was significantly delayed vis-a`-vis wild-type mice. Collagen I, III, and IV mRNA levels in DcnÀ/À livers were higher than those of wild-type livers only in the first 2 months, but no difference was observed after 4 months of fibrosis induction, suggesting that the elevation of these proteins reflects a specific impairment of their degradation. Gelatinase assays confirmed this hypothesis as we found decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and higher expression of TIMP-1 and PAI-1 mRNA in DcnÀ/À livers. In contrast, at the end of the recovery phase increased production rather than impaired degradation was found to be responsible for the excessive connective tissue deposition in livers of DcnÀ/À mice. -
Identification of Tgfβ-Related Genes Regulated in Murine Osteoarthritis and Chondrocyte Hypertrophy by Comparison of Multiple Microarray Datasets
http://hdl.handle.net/1765/109466 Identification of TGFβ-related genes regulated in murine osteoarthritis and chondrocyte hypertrophy by comparison of multiple microarray datasets Laurie M.G. de Kroon1,2,&, Guus G.H. van den Akker1,&, Bent Brachvogel3,4, Roberto Narcisi2, Daniele Belluoccio5, Florien Jenner6, John F. Bateman5, Christopher B. Little7, Pieter Brama8, Esmeralda N. Blaney Davidson1, Peter M. van der Kraan1, Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch2,9* 1Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 3Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 4Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 5Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 6Equine University Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria 7Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia 8Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 9Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands &Both authors contributed equally *Corresponding author: Gerjo van Osch ([email protected]) Address for correspondence: Erasmus MC, Departments -
Bifunctional Ectodermal Stem Cells Around the Nail Display Dual Fate Homeostasis and Adaptive Wounding Response Toward Nail Regeneration
Bifunctional ectodermal stem cells around the nail display dual fate homeostasis and adaptive wounding response toward nail regeneration Yvonne Leunga,b,1, Eve Kandybaa,b,1, Yi-Bu Chenc, Seth Ruffinsa, Cheng-Ming Chuongb,d, and Krzysztof Kobielaka,b,2 aEli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, bDepartment of Pathology, and cNorris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and dInternational Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan Edited by Mina J. Bissell, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, and approved August 28, 2014 (received for review October 7, 2013) Regulation of adult stem cells (SCs) is fundamental for organ fingertip (Fig. 1A). Found at the “root” of the NP is the actively maintenance and tissue regeneration. On the body surface, different proliferating nail matrix (Mx) with a keratogenous zone (KZ) ectodermal organs exhibit distinctive modes of regeneration and the directly above where Mx cells differentiate into the overlying NP dynamics of their SC homeostasis remain to be unraveled. A slow (Fig. 1A). Pulse–chase studies have confirmed that Mx cells move cycling characteristic has been used to identify SCs in hair follicles and superficially into the NP and also distally toward the nail bed (4). sweat glands; however, whether a quiescent population exists in The proximal end of the NP is covered by the proximal fold (PF), continuously growing nails remains unknown. Using an in vivo label which is a continuation of the epidermis that folds inward (Fig. -
Novel Approaches to Positively Impact the Early Life Physiology, Endocrinology, and Productivity of Bulls
Novel Approaches to Positively Impact the Early Life Physiology, Endocrinology, and Productivity of Bulls DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bo R. Harstine, M.S. Graduate Program in Animal Sciences The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Michael L. Day, Advisor Mel DeJarnette Dr. Christopher Premanandan Dr. Gustavo Schuenemann Dr. Joseph Ottobre Copyrighted by Bo Randall Harstine 2016 ABSTRACT Changes to sire selection, such as the utilization of genomic evaluations, have created a desire to collect semen from superior sires as early as possible. Therefore, a series of experiments was performed in order to determine whether a novel exogenous FSH treatment hastened puberty and positively impacted postpubertal semen production in bulls. In the first experiment, angus-cross bulls received either 30 mg NIH-FSH-P1 in a 2% hyaluronic acid solution (FSH-HA, n =11) or saline (control, n = 11) every 3.5 days from 59 to 167.5 days of age. Blood was collected every 7 days to determine testosterone concentrations and at 59, 84, 94, 130, and 169 days of age to determine activin A concentrations. FSH concentrations were determined from blood collected preceding treatment every 3.5 days, as well as during three intensive collections commencing at 66, 108, and 157 days of age. Castration was performed at 170 days of age to examine testis weight, volume, diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the number of Sertoli cells per tubule cross section. Concentrations of FSH did not differ from 59 to 91 days of age, but became greater (P < 0.05) in FSH-HA than control bulls from 94 to 167.5 days. -
Development and Validation of a Protein-Based Risk Score for Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Supplementary Online Content Ganz P, Heidecker B, Hveem K, et al. Development and validation of a protein-based risk score for cardiovascular outcomes among patients with stable coronary heart disease. JAMA. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5951 eTable 1. List of 1130 Proteins Measured by Somalogic’s Modified Aptamer-Based Proteomic Assay eTable 2. Coefficients for Weibull Recalibration Model Applied to 9-Protein Model eFigure 1. Median Protein Levels in Derivation and Validation Cohort eTable 3. Coefficients for the Recalibration Model Applied to Refit Framingham eFigure 2. Calibration Plots for the Refit Framingham Model eTable 4. List of 200 Proteins Associated With the Risk of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 3. Hazard Ratios of Lasso Selected Proteins for Primary End Point of MI, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Death eFigure 4. 9-Protein Prognostic Model Hazard Ratios Adjusted for Framingham Variables eFigure 5. 9-Protein Risk Scores by Event Type This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 Supplemental Material Table of Contents 1 Study Design and Data Processing ......................................................................................................... 3 2 Table of 1130 Proteins Measured .......................................................................................................... 4 3 Variable Selection and Statistical Modeling ........................................................................................