Download (49Kb)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download (49Kb) IItsffiffiffiY EuropennCommunity IH I No. 3\/1979 September 2!, 1979 FIRST ADJUSTMENT TAKES PLACE IN EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM EXCHANGE RATES 0n September 23 the European Monetary System (fmS) modified its original parities as set on Harch 13, 1979. Tensions of the foreign exchange markets during the last few days caused by the movements of currencies outside the EMS led to a meeting of Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the European Community member countries participating in the exchange rate mechanism with the European Conrnuni t ies Commi ssion. The following adjustments as measured by the cross rates were made: - of 5 per cent between the German mark on the one hand and the Danish kroner on the other hand, - of 2 per cent between the German mark on the one hand and the French franc, Luxembourg franc, Dutch guilder, ltalian lira and the lrish pound on the other hand. The cross rates between the French franc, the Belgian franc, the Luxembourg franc, the Dutch guilder, the ltalian lira and the lrish pound remain unchanged. These adjustments are designed to make a positive contribution towards a more orderly development on the exchange markets, at the same time as helping the stability of currencies not in the system. The changes conform to the normal rules of operations foreseen for the EMS. The decisions demonstrate that the EMS can operate efficiently and quickly in adjusting parities to fundamental market trends. Washingtonolfice:2l00MStreetNWWashrngtonDC2003T/telephone(202) 862-9500/telex 89-539EURCOM EUROPEAN COMMUNITY INFORMATION SERVICE NewYorkoflice:lDagHammarskl6ldPlaza,24SE4TtllStreetNewYork,NewYorkl00lT/Telephone (212)371-3804.
Recommended publications
  • The Euro: Internationalised at Birth
    The euro: internationalised at birth Frank Moss1 I. Introduction The birth of an international currency can be defined as the point in time at which a currency starts meaningfully assuming one of the traditional functions of money outside its country of issue.2 In the case of most currencies, this is not straightforwardly attributable to a specific date. In the case of the euro, matters are different for at least two reasons. First, internationalisation takes on a special meaning to the extent that the euro, being the currency of a group of countries participating in a monetary union is, by definition, being used outside the borders of a single country. Hence, internationalisation of the euro should be understood as non-residents of this entire group of countries becoming more or less regular users of the euro. Second, contrary to other currencies, the launch point of the domestic currency use of the euro (1 January 1999) was also the start date of its international use, taking into account the fact that it had inherited such a role from a number of legacy currencies that were issued by countries participating in Europe’s economic and monetary union (EMU). Taking a somewhat broader perspective concerning the birth period of the euro, this paper looks at evidence of the euro’s international use at around the time of its launch date as well as covering subsequent developments during the first decade of the euro’s existence. It first describes the birth of the euro as an international currency, building on the international role of its predecessor currencies (Section II).
    [Show full text]
  • France À Fric: the CFA Zone in Africa and Neocolonialism
    France à fric: the CFA zone in Africa and neocolonialism Ian Taylor Date of deposit 18 04 2019 Document version Author’s accepted manuscript Access rights Copyright © Global South Ltd. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. Citation for Taylor, I. C. (2019). France à fric: the CFA Zone in Africa and published version neocolonialism. Third World Quarterly, Latest Articles. Link to published https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1585183 version Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ FRANCE À FRIC: THE CFA ZONE IN AFRICA AND NEOCOLONIALISM Over fifty years after 1960’s “Year of Africa,” most of Francophone Africa continues to be embedded in a set of associations that fit very well with Kwame Nkrumah’s description of neocolonialism, where postcolonial states are de jure independent but in reality constrained through their economic systems so that policy is directed from outside. This article scrutinizes the functioning of the CFA, considering the role the currency has in persistent underdevelopment in most of Francophone Africa. In doing so, the article identifies the CFA as the most blatant example of functioning neocolonialism in Africa today and a critical device that promotes dependency in large parts of the continent. Mainstream analyses of the technical aspects of the CFA have generally focused on the exchange rate and other related matters. However, while important, the real importance of the CFA franc should not be seen as purely economic, but also political.
    [Show full text]
  • March 31, 2013 Foreign Currency Country-Currency to $1.00
    04/29/15 Page: 1 TREASURY REPORTING RATES OF EXCHANGE As of March 31, 2013 Foreign Currency Country-Currency To $1.00 Afghanistan-Afghani 53.1800 Albania-Lek 109.0700 Algeria-Dinar 78.9000 Angola-Kwanza 95.0000 Antigua & Barbuda-E. Caribbean Dollar 2.7000 Argentina-Peso 5.1200 Armenia-RUBLE 415.0000 Australia-Dollar .9600 Austria-Euro .7800 Austria-Schilling .0000 Azerbaidjan-Ruble .8000 Azerbaijan-New Manat .0000 Bahamas-Dollar 1.0000 Bahrain-Dinar .3800 Bangladesh-Conv. Taka .0000 Bangladesh-Non-Conv. Taka 80.0000 Barbados-Dollar 2.0200 Belarus-Ruble 8,680.0000 Belgium-Euro .7800 Belgium-Franc .0000 Belize-Dollar 2.0000 Benin-CFA Franc 511.6700 Bermuda-Dollar 1.0000 Bolivia-Boliviano 6.9600 Bosnia-Dinar 1.5300 Botswana-Pula 8.2400 Brazil-Cruzados .0000 Brazil-Cruzeiro 2.0200 Brunei-Dollar 1.2400 Bulgaria-Lev 1.5300 Burkina Faso-CFA Franc 511.6700 Burma-Kyat 878.0000 Burundi-Franc 1,650.0000 Cambodia (Khmer)-Riel 4,103.0000 Cameroon-CFA Franc 511.6700 Canada-Dollar 1.0200 Cape Verde-Escudo 84.1800 Cayman Island-Dollar .8200 Central African Rep.-CFA Franc 511.6700 Chad-CFA Franc 511.6700 Chile-Peso 471.5000 China-Renminbi 6.2100 China-Yuan .0000 Colombia-Peso 1,824.0000 Comoros-CFA Franc 361.3500 Congo-CFA Franc 511.6700 Costa Rica-Colon 498.6000 Croatia-KUNA 5.8300 Cuba-Peso 1.0000 Cyprus-Euro .7800 Cyprus-Pound .7890 Czech. Republic-Koruna 19.7000 Czechoslovakia-Tuzex Koruna .0000 CFA Franc-CFA Franc .0000 Dem. Rep. of Congo-Congolese Franc 920.0000 Denmark-Kroner 5.8200 Djibouti-Franc 177.0000 Dominican Republic-Peso 40.8600 East Germany-GDR Mark .0000 Ecuador-Dollar 1.0000 Ecuador-Sucre .0000 Egypt-Pound 6.8000 El Salvador-Colon 1.0000 Equatorial Guinea-CFA Franc 511.6700 Eritrea-Birr 15.0000 Estonia-EURO .7800 Estonia-Kroon 11.6970 04/29/15 Page: 2 TREASURY REPORTING RATES OF EXCHANGE As of March 31, 2013 Foreign Currency Country-Currency To $1.00 Ethiopia-Birr 18.4000 Euro-Euro .7800 European Community-European Comm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Franc Under Pressure
    January 3 . 1959 THE ECONOMIC WEEKLY The Franc under Pressure (From Our London Correspondent) "MARKET pressures against the ports fell off in 1958 to about the been expected from such a devalua­ French frane and rumours level of the import programme laid tion operation about Impending devaluation are down for that period. However, Large Scale Borrowing not unusual Ever .so often some French exports suffered sharply The continued weakness in the event triggers off feverish activity due to the recession in world trade. French balance of trade is made on the Paris gold market and a In fact, exports fell short of the considerably worse by the trade flight of short-term capital from programme by nearly ten per cent. balance of the overseas French France occurs. Because of the In these conditions, and in spite of franc area. Metropolitan France frequency of these episodes these a favourable movement in the is responsible for settling the deficit rumours and currency movements terms of trade, the French deficit in of her overseas Empire with all seldom constitute news; the weak­ the balance of trade, running at an countries. In 1957 the deficit of ness of the French franc is chronic annual rate of about $1,300 mn in the overseas French franc area and has become a persistent phe­ the first half of 1958. remains with all non-franc countries, am­ nomenon in Europe's post-war substantial. ounted to $160 mn, after taking ' currency markets. The present Infructuous Measures into account a $48 mn foreign ca­ plight of the French franc.
    [Show full text]
  • C381 Official Journal
    Official Journal C 381 of the European Union Volume 63 English edition Information and Notices 12 November 2020 Contents II Information INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES European Commission 2020/C 381/01 Non-opposition to a notified concentration (Case M.9954 — Sumitomo/AAR/JV) (1) . 1 IV Notices NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES European Commission 2020/C 381/02 Euro exchange rates — 11 November 2020 . 2 2020/C 381/03 New national side of euro coins intended for circulation . 3 Court of Auditors 2020/C 381/04 Report on the performance of the EU budget – Status at the end of 2019 . 4 NOTICES FROM MEMBER STATES 2020/C 381/05 Value added tax (VAT) Exempt investment gold List of gold coins meeting the criteria established in Article 344(1), point (2) of Council Directive 2006/112/EC (special scheme for investment gold) Valid for the year 2021 . 5 EN (1) Text with EEA relevance. NOTICES CONCERNING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA EFTA Surveillance Authority 2020/C 381/06 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 24 2020/C 381/07 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 25 2020/C 381/08 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 26 2020/C 381/09 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 27 2020/C 381/10 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 28 2020/C 381/11 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 29 2020/C 381/12 State aid – Decision to raise no objections . 30 V Announcements PROCEDURES RELATING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPETITION POLICY European Commission 2020/C 381/13 Prior notification of a concentration (Case M.9907 – Exclusive Networks/Veracomp Business) Candidate case for simplified procedure (1) .
    [Show full text]
  • London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39
    PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, NO. 45 London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39 Ian M. Drummond INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY • 1979 - PRINCETON STUDIES , IN INTERNATIONAL. FINANCE This is the forty-fifth nurnber, in the series PRINCETON STUDIES IN IN- TERNATIONAL FINANCE, published from time to time by the .Interna- tional Finance Section of the Department of, Economics at Princeton University. The author, Ian M. Drummond, is a professor in the Department of Political Economy at the University of Toronto. He has also taught at Yale University and, as a visitor, at Princeton University and the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. Among his recent publications are British 'Eco- nomic Policy and the Empire, 1919.-1939, Imperial Economic Policy, 1917=1939, and Economics: Principles and Policies in an Open Econ- omy. / This series is intended to be restricted to meritorious research stud- ies in the general field of international financial problems that are too technical, too specialized, or too long to qualify as ESSAYS. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for the series. While the 'Sec- tion ,sponsors the studies, the writers are free to develop their topics as they will. • PETER B. BENEN Director, International Finance Section PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE NO. 45 London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39 Ian M. Drummond INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY NOVEMBER 1979 CONTENTS CAST OF CHARACTERS V 1 INTRODUCTION 1 The Tripartite Declarations 1 Historical Backdrop 3 Attitudes toward Cooperation and Mutual Support 4 2 BLUM AND AURIOL 9 3 CHAUTEMPS AND BONNET 16 4 CHAUTEMPS AND MARCHANDEAU 26 5 BLUM ONCE MORE 30 6 DALADIER AND MARCHANDEAU 32 7 TRANQUILLITY WITH DALADIER AND REYNAUD 39 8 MORGENTHAU AND THE FRENCH: CREDIT AND EXCHANGE CONTROL 42 9 SOME CONCLUSIONS 53 REFERENCES 57 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION EDITORIAL STAFF Peter B.
    [Show full text]
  • Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
    World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic
    [Show full text]
  • 1 from the Franc to the 'Europe': Great Britain, Germany and the Attempted Transformation of the Latin Monetary Union Into A
    From the Franc to the ‘Europe’: Great Britain, Germany and the attempted transformation of the Latin Monetary Union into a European Monetary Union (1865-73)* Luca Einaudi I In 1865 France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland formed a monetary union based on the franc and motivated by geographic proximity and intense commercial relations.1 The union was called a Latin Monetary Union (LMU) by the British press to stress the impossibility of its extension to northern Europe.2 But according to the French government and many economists of the time, it had a vocation to develop into a European or Universal union. This article discusses the relations between France, which proposed to extend the LMU into a European monetary union in the 1860’s, and the main recipients of the proposal; Great Britain and the German States. It has usually been assumed that the British and the Germans did not show any interest in participating in such a monetary union discussed at an international monetary Conference in Paris in 1867 and that any attempt was doomed from the beginning. For Vanthoor ‘France had failed in its attempt to use the LMU as a lever towards a global monetary system during the international monetary conference... in 1867,’ while for Kindleberger ‘the recommendations of the conference of 1867 were almost universally pigeonholed.’3 With the support of new diplomatic and banking archives, together with a large body of scientific and journalistic literature of the time, I will argue that in fact the French proposals progressed much further and were close to success by the end of 1869, but failed before and independently from the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
    [Show full text]
  • The Euro and the CFA Franc: Evidence of Sectoral Trade Effects
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada Working Paper The Euro and the CFA Franc: Evidence of sectoral trade effects cege Discussion Papers, No. 311 Provided in Cooperation with: Georg August University of Göttingen, cege - Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research Suggested Citation: Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada (2017) : The Euro and the CFA Franc: Evidence of sectoral trade effects, cege Discussion Papers, No. 311, University of Göttingen, Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research (cege), Göttingen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/157628 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available
    [Show full text]
  • 'Foreign Exchange Markets Welcome the Start of the EMS' from Le Monde (14 March 1979)
    'Foreign exchange markets welcome the start of the EMS' from Le Monde (14 March 1979) Caption: On 14 March 1979, the day after the implementation of the European Monetary System (EMS), the French daily newspaper Le Monde describes the operation of the EMS and highlights its impact on the European currency exchange market. Source: Le Monde. dir. de publ. Fauvet, Jacques. 14.03.1979, n° 10 612; 36e année. Paris: Le Monde. "Le marché des changes a bien accueilli l'entrée en vigueur du S.M.E.", auteur:Fabra, Paul , p. 37. Copyright: (c) Translation CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/foreign_exchange_markets_welcome_the_start_of_the_ems _from_le_monde_14_march_1979-en-c5cf1c8f-90b4-4a6e-b8e8-adeb58ce5d64.html Last updated: 05/07/2016 1/3 Foreign exchange markets welcome the start of the EMS With a little more than three months’ delay, the European Monetary System (EMS) came into force on Tuesday 13 March. The only definite decision taken by the European Council, it was announced in an official communiqué published separately at the end of Monday afternoon. In the official text, the European Council stated that ‘all the conditions had now been met for the implementation of the exchange mechanism of the European Monetary System.’ As a result, the eight full members of the exchange rate mechanism, i.e. all the EEC Member States except for the United Kingdom, which signed the agreement but whose currency will continue to float, have released their official exchange rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure 2 Standard XML Reporting - Instructions and Specifications
    Annexure 2 Standard XML Reporting - Instructions and Specifications - Draft - © FIU Deutschland Last Update: 22-Jan-2018 Table of Contents 1. Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Conventions used in this document ....................................................................................................... 2 3. Description of XML Nodes ........................................................................................................................ 2 3.1 Node “report” ......................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Subnode report_indicators ..................................................................................................... 5 3.3 Node transaction ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Node Activity (New in Schema 4.0) ......................................................................................... 9 3.5 Node t_from_my_client ........................................................................................................ 10 3.6 Node t_from .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.7 Node t_to_my_client ............................................................................................................ 13 3.8
    [Show full text]
  • The CFA Franc Zone
    banque monnaie comprendre euro stabilité connaître économie l’éco en bref The CFA franc zone KEY FACTS KEY FIGURES The CFA franc zone is an economic and monetary area bringing together France and 15 countries 16 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This area is built on an countries currencies institutional framework and a fixed exchange rate. including France and pegged to the euro The CFA franc zone thus fosters economic growth 15 Sub-Saharan African countries and monetary and financial stability. The CFA franc zone is an instrument of solidarity and development based on three principles of monetary cooperation: • pegging of the three African currencies to the euro since 1999, to ensure their stability. They were previously pegged to the French franc; 7.2% • a guarantee of unlimited convertibility of the three GDP growth currencies by the French Treasury; 2016 forecast for the WAEMU 155 • in return for this guarantee, foreign exchange from the Central Bank million of West African States (BCEAO) residents in the African states reserves are centralised by the African states in (2.0% for the CEMAC of the CFA franc zone their central banks, which are required to deposit at according to the Bank least half (100% for Comoros) of these assets with of Central African States (BEAC)) the French Treasury, in a current account. Three economic regions make up the CFA franc zone in Africa, each with its own currency: • the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) where the CFA franc (Communauté Financière Africaine, XOF) is used by Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo and Guinea Bissau.
    [Show full text]