BURKINA FASO REPORT E 0012 Public Disclosure Authorized

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN Public Disclosure Authorized

Summary

Public Disclosure Authorized August 1993

Public Disclosure Authorized This report is property of Burkina Faso BUTRKIAFASO

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTALACTION PLAN

EXECUTVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND

1. The Burkina Faso National promulgatedin 1985a Land ReformAct (RAF). EnvironmentalAction Plan (NEAP)is designed It undertook in 1987 the three "struggles" to provide a strategic framework to enable the (Iuaes): against brush fires, randomtree cutting authoritiesto guide and coordinate and monitor and overgrazing. actions that seek to improve environmental management so as to meet the needs of the 4. These activities had a predominantly current population while sustaining renewable rural natural resource managementfocus and led resources in order to meet the needs of future to the 'Village Land Management'premise that generationsof Burkinabe. the key to successfulresource managementwas the voluntary participationof the villager. This 2. The Buridnabehave been managingtheir would require security of tenure and a environment fbr centries, mostly through contractual arrangement ensuring technical and cultivation practices that recognized the infrastructuresupport from nationalgovernment productive limits of the land being farmed by services in exchange for environmental allowing the land to reconstitute itself. In management activities carried out by the modem times these practices have been villagers. overwhelmed by population growth. A burgeoningpopulation means that there is simply 5. Regrettably, although there were many not enough land to leave fallow, with serious activities underway, there was still a lack of consequencesin terms of overutilizationof the significant results. The RAF did not in practice land. provide practical security of tenure. Government technical support was limited to a 3. Recognizing this fact relatively early, handful of pilot projects. Infrastructuresupport Burkina Faso acquired a reputation in West was largely limited to the initiativesof external Africa as a leader in actions aimed at improving donors. Only a handful of contracts were envirornental management. It was one of the entered into and enviromnental management first countriesto establish, wiffithe assistanceof activitiesoccurred mosty in responseto NGO or CILSS, a NationalPlan for the Struggle against donor initiatives. The coordinatingcommittee Desertification (PNLCD; 1986) with a for the PNLCD (the CNLCD) lacked an coordinatingcommittee (CNLCD; 1986). It operating structure that would permit it to

I~~~~ ~ ______Burkina Fa: .Naroan Evnxuuatal Acnio Plan 2

coordinate effectively and the strong political through the "Village Land Management* support for enviromnentalmanagement that was approach. However, the workshopidentified the evidentat the launchingof the programswas not need to both deepen and broaden the range of consistentlymaintained. activitiesthat had been undertaken.

6. In the meantime, population growth 10. A key necessity identified was to continued unabated at about 3% per annum provide more encouragement, instruction and nation wide and about 8% per annum in the two motivationto land users to empower, enableand major cities. Migration from north to south encourage them to undertake village land continuedand migrationto Cote d'Ivoire became management- This should be achieved through less attractive,resulting in additionalpressure on strengtheningthe 'Village Land Management' the southernlands. approach to improve tie availabilityof technical services, to modify and strengthen the RAF to 7. Consciousof the need to do more,.the ensure security of tenure, and to accelerate the Burkinabe authorities called a National provision of social and economic infrastructure Workshop on the Environment in Bobo- to villages. Dioulasso in October 1989. Sixty participants i debatedthe environmentalproblems facing the 11. A second important recommendation country, using as a base three documents was to extend the concept of environmental produced by Burkinabt consultants on the managementbeyond the confines of the village physical, social and institutionalenvironment, first to include macro-managementof national natural resources and second to undertake 8. The NationalEnvironmental Action Plan measuresto improve environmentalconditions- gives an operational form to the principal notably water supply and treatment, sewerage, conclusions and recommendations of the and household, industrial and toxic waste workshop. Based on the recent experience of disposal-in urban and peri-urban areas. This .numerous programs and projects and the should complementthe measures required for- supplementary studies recommended by the and should in no way divert attention or workshop, the goal is to provide a simple but resources from-village land management. comprehensiveframework which will enablethe better organization, management and 12. A third recommendation was to coordinationof existing and future operations. improve national, regional and departmental The NEAP is thus an additional part of the environmentalplanning and coordination. This continuingeffbrts to improvethe managementof should include monitoring and evaluating the Burkina enviromnent. environmental targets, ensuring that new programs and projects are consistent with environmentaland economic planning objectives, CONCLUSIONS OF THE NATIONAL initiating a program of environmental ENVIRONMENTAL WORKSHOP assessments and improving the quality and availabilityof environmentalinformation. 9. The workshopreiterated the objectiveof environmentalmanagement as the search for a 13. A fourth recommendation was to socio-ecologicalbalance, i.e., a balance between improve the level of both formal and informal man and nature. The workshop strongly environmentaleducation with the twin objectives endorsedseveral key elementsof the programs of increasingthe population's awarenessof the that had been previouslyattempted, notably the need for environmental management and attempt to achieve socio-ecological balance improving the technical capability of both the Burk= Fw: Nauion nronmealAcn Po n 3 authoritiesand the private sector. This need was obstaclesto progress identifiedby the workshop. judged to be an important prerequisite for achieving the workshop's other 17. The reason for regroupingexisting and recommendations. future environmentalmanagement actions in-o the ProgrammaticAgendas is threefold: first, it 14. A fifth recommendationnoted the need provides a useful organizing framework that for the Burkinabepolitical authoritiesto provide simplifiesthe understandingof the structure of substantiallyincreased support to enviromnental the NEAP; second, it facilitatesthe articulation management. This meant that the authorities of strategic guidelines to be followed in the should not limit themselves to launching execution of the programs and projects that programns,but shouldalso interestthemselves in make up each ProgrammaticAgenda; and, third, following program executionin order to satisfy it providesa practicaland readilyunderstandable themselves and report to the people on the schema for monitoring and evaluating amount of progress being made. The objective environmentalmanagement actions. of effective high-level political support is to convince the Burkinabe people that the 18. There are four ProgrammaticAgendas: environment is the business of every citizen, from peasant to urban dweller, from forester to * The Programmatic Agenda for garbage collector, from infant to elder. National Resource Management

15. Finally, the workshop noted the e The Programmatic Agenda for Village importance of the intolerably high level of Land Management population growth which risked rendering all environmental management programs * The Programmatic Agenda for ineffective. The Workshopurged the authorities Improving living Standards to give it their most urgent attention, and although resolving this problem is beyond the The Programmatic Agenda for scope of a NationalEnvironment Action Plan, it DevelopingEnvironrmental Capabilities has been addressedin so far as is possible. 19. The Programmatic Agendas are complementedby two support programs: ELEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN * Managing Information on the Environment 16. The main objective of the National Environmental Action Plan is to provide a 0 Coordinating and Monitoring the coherent,action-oriented framework for carrying NEAP out a program of environmentalmanagement that will lead to a socio-ecologicalbalance. This 20. The interactions between the four means grouping the multitude of programs, ProgranmnaticAgendas are shownschematically projects and actions that have a bearing on the in Figure 1, which illustratesthe duality of the enviromnentinto a manageableframework. In required interventions-citizenand state-in the order to achieve this, the NEAP has been contextof changesthat need to be brought about constructedaround a series of 'Programmatic both in the managementof naturalresources and Agendas' (ProgrammnesCadres), each of which in the behavior of the citizenry. addresses a key dimension of envirornmental interventionand respondsto one or more of the 21. On the physical side, there is a division BaFm5:FasvAoomf EinwromnarlAcuo PIa 4

Figur I

Conceptual Sructre of the NEAP

i| NEAP OBJECTIVE

SOCIO-ECOLOGICALBALANCE

| Rr ~~SOCIAL X BIO-PHYSICAL j1 I. ENVIRONMET ENVIRONMENT)

eId(wwfzlacqfocsogs )p>( opulation ( cbym}es of anonalrsourcs

A A A A

aczdsand > andgLwtvlage ladl< lnurceasset

PROGRAMMATIC AGENDAS

DEVELOPING IMPROVING CVILLAGE) NATIONAL EONV ETONMET LING LAND RESOURCE CAPABILrrEES CONDITIONS MANAGEMELNT MANAGEMENT

MANAGING INFORMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT Burkaa Faso: NWonal EavironmenWiAction Plan 5 of labor between the state which is responsible the time to develop economicaltematives is also for macro-managementof the national heritage likely to be disinterested in environmental of natural resources and the individual who is maiagement. Overcomingthese obstacles is the responsiblefor micro-managementof the land to objective of the Programmatic Agenda for whichhe has tenure or for his neighborhood. In ImprovizbgLiving Standards. the rural context, this translates into state responsibilityfor national forests, watersheds, 25. Thus, it is essentialthat the authorities soils, mineral resources, etc. and individual and the people work together to assemble the responsibilityfor managingthe land, water and combination of information and education, other resourcesthat belongto the village. In the services, and social and economicinfrastructure urban context, it translates into state that, together, will change attitudestowards the responsibilityfor sanitary infrastructuresuch as environmentand stimulatevoluntary individual water supply and drains and individual participation in environmental management. responsibilityfor sewageand garbage disposal. This, in short, is the objective of the Programmatic Agendas. The two support 22. These responsibilities have to be programs are designed to provide a supported by informationabout the resources coordination, monitoring and evaluation themselves, their potential and their structure for the NEAP and to initiate the management. These can take the form of soil process of developing an environmentaldata maps, forest and wildlife protection plans, base that could eventuallybe used as a basis for watershedusage plans, etc. at the nationallevel, a nationalprogram of environmentalmonitoring and village land potential and use plans at the system. village level. Thus the objective of each of the "bio-physical Programmatic Agendas is to LINKS WITHEXISTING ensure the coordinationand putting in place of PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS programs or projects that provide the informationand technicalbases that will permit 26. A question that is frequently asked the national authoritiesand individualcitizens to concernsthe relationshipbetween the NEAP and play their role in environmentalmanagement. existing and future programs and projects. The answer is very simple: the NEAP is a strategic 23. On the humanside, the populationhas to framework that spells out an action plan; the be given both the means and the incentivesto specific actions under the plan will be carried play their role. A population (or a national out by line ministries and governmentagencies authority, for that matter) that is ignorantof the as part of their normal responsibilities. The importanceof environmentalmanagement or of only differencefrom current practice is that the the techniques availablefor carrying it out will ministries' and agenciesprograms and projects be unable to play their role. This is where the will be-for purposes of coordination and Programmatic Agenda for Developing monitoring-grouped under the NEAP's Environmental Capabilities demonstrates its ProgrammaticAgendas. inportance.

27. For example,the ProgranunaticAgenda 24. But a populationthat lacks basic (rather for National Resource Management includes than specializedenvironmental) education or has inter atia programs for land use planning, for very poor health conditionsmay be unable to conservation and protection of soils, water, participatefully in environmentalmanagement. forests, flora and fauna, the Sahel Burkinabb, And a populationthat lacks access to markets or and the environmentalimpact of such activities urkka Faw: Nalotal Envromen alAction PAn 6

as miningand resettlement. parks and wildlife reserves, and lakes-that have been defined as having characteristicsthat set 28. The Programmatic Agenda for Village them aside as part of the nationalheritage. Land Management includes inter alia the proposed LUCODEB program, the National 33. In effect, this macro-managementof the VillageLand ManagementProject and a variety nation's resources provides the technical and of other donor and NGO initiatives. policy framework within which micro- management of resources at the village or 29. The Programmatic Agenda for neighborhoodlevel can be carried out. It starts ImprovingLiving Conditionsincludes inter alia with the development of a solid body of the Second Urban Project, the proposed knowledge concerning the availability and Secondary Cities Project, the Village Well potential of natural resources such as soils, Program, as well as various school, clinic and - water and vegetation and sets this information feeder road programs. into a socio-spatial context through land use planning. This balanceshuman aspirations with 30. The Programmatic Agenda for the potential of the national territory to meet the DevelopingEnvironmental Capabilities includes needs of a growing populationin a marner that inter alia elements of primary, secondary and ensures that the natural resources are used on a tertiary education programs, mass media sustainablebasis. This is the main objective of campaigns and technical assistance to both the the ProgrammaticAgenda for NationalResource public and private sectors. Management.

31. In some cases, the NEAP provides 34. This is the context in which the various endorsement and reinforcement of existing naturalresources plans-soils, water, forests, etc. programs; in some cases, it proposes new can be coordinated-in a manner that will initiatives. The new initiativesmake up the bulk improve the management of resources under of the project proposals fiches deprojects) that competing demands, eg., forestry versus are the main operational arms of the NEAP livestock raising versus agriculture. It is also (Volume2). The CNLCD is identifyingmany the way the population dimensioncan be better existing programs and projects which make up incorporated into natural resource planning each of the ProgrammaticAgendas. The basic through the integration of demographic and objectives,principles and strategicguidelines for natural resource informationinto regional land the ProgrammaticAgendas are set out below. use plans.

35. In parallel to attempts to improve the PROGRAMMATIC AGENDA FOR plaling and managementof national resource NATIONAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT use, it is important to improve managementof specificnatural resources areas that make up the 32. This Programmatic Agenda recognizes national heritage and that have been judged the fact that, despite the fact that the individual worthy of or in need of protection. Thus, there citizen should be responsible for managing is a need to develop better plans for the resources at the level of the village or managementof national forests, nationalparks, neighborhood, the govermment bears the wildlife reserves, endangered watersheds, etc. responsibility for the policies and plans that This is the secondary objective of the define the global use of national natural Programmatic Agenda for National Resource resources and for the direct managementof Management. specificareas-such as national forests, national Bwkina Faso: National EwzromneracAcion Plan 7

PROGRAMMATIC AGENDA FOR The ProvincialCoordinating Committees will be VILLAGELAND MANAGEMENT strengthened to enable them to perform an enhanced role in animating villagers to 36. This micro-management, popular participate in VLM programs and to enter into participation approach to environmental legal contract with villagers. These contracts management has been the focus of much will specify the Village Lind Management thinking and program development and is measures that the villagers will undertake and already well underway, notablyin the contextof the social and economic infrastructurethat the the VillageLand Managementapproach adopted government commits itself to providing. some years ago by the Burkinabe. The RAF National infrastructure programs will be and the PNLCD establishedthe basic principles designed from the bottom up, on the basis of that should guide programs and projects in this provincial plans made up by the Provincial domain. Village land managementshould be CoordinatingCommittees and will give priority carried out throughthe voluntaryparticipation of in financial resources allocation and program villagers. Security of tenure is required to execution to villages that have Village Land empower the villagers and to give them the Management Contracts. In this way, villagers confidence to make long-term enviromnental will be empowered, enabled and encouragedto investments on their own and on communal carry out land management plans and land. The governmentshould make availableto investments. the villagers the technical know-how and the social and economic infrastructurenecessary to PROGRAMMATICAGENDA FOR enable them and encouragethem to understand IMPROVING IVING CONDITIONS the potential of their land, to manage it in a sustainableway and to undertakeenvironmental 39. This programmatic agenda also has a investments. The NEAP fully endorses these rural and an urban component. The rural guiding principlesthat shouldapply to all village component aims to provide the social and land managementprograms and projects. economicinfrastructure necessary to enable and to encourage the voluntary participation of 37. However, in order to operationalize villagers in VillageLand Managementactivities. these principles, action is required: first to As such, it is an essential complementto the provide better and more universally available Programmatic Agenda for Village Land technical services to villagers; second, to Management. Tne urban component aims to strengthenthe ability of the governmentto meet provide the water supply, sanitationand waste its responsibilitiesat the provincial level; and disposal infrastructurethat is required to permit third to reorient programs aimed at providing the urban population to manage better their social and economic infrastructure to give personal health practices and household waste priority to villages that are undertakingvillage disposal in order to reduce pollution of land management. groundwatersources and to reducethe inc,dence of sanitary-relatedand water-bornediseases. 38. National programs aimed at providing technicalservices to villagesto survey, map and 40. Improvement of Rural Living analyze the natural resource potential of their Conditions. It is unrealistic to expect village with a view to developinga village land unedu.atedvillagers, in poor health, with access use plan will be strengthened. ITe RAF is to neither clean water nor economic being amended to provide effective security of infrastructure such as markets to have the tenure to villagers. The special circumstances capability or the incentive to undertake long- and needs of pastoralists will be recognized. term investmnentsin environmentalmanagement- Bwa Fa.o: Naione Em{ow,zen,al Aclson Plan 6

In repeated surveys, villagers have demanded 42. Inproving Urban Living Conditions. these services and for good reason. Without The problem of the urban enviromnent is a minimumeducation, villagers are unlikelyto be hitherto neglected subject. Nonetheless, it is able to understand the need for environlmental growing daily as more and more people crowd managementor to be able to absorb effectively into cities and towns, new infrastructure the measures *and techniques required- provision stagnates, existing infrastructure Therefore, the villagers demand schools. collapses for lack of maintenanceand the waste Without minimum health, they may well be products of industry and services such as public physicallyunable to undertakethe enviromnental transport, abattoirs and hospitalsare disposedof managementmeasures that are needed or to take in a haphazard manner. Even air pollution is advantage of the increased production becoming a serious problem. In the future, the possibilities created - by environmental urban population is forecast to grow at an management. Thus, they demand clinics. - increasing rate as the productivepotential of the Women who spend hours each day fetching land diminishesand the population continuesto waterand wood and grinding grain are unlikely grow. to see much benefit in environmental mnagement aactivities that would permit 43. Urban neighborhoodsalso need careful - expandedproduction opportunities. Thus, they managementby the individualswho live there to demand wells, improved stoves and grinding avoid destruction of scarce natural and human mills. Fimally, villagers with no access to resources. Unmanaged disposal of household kmaretssee no benefit in increasedpossibilities and industrialwastes-human and institutional-is to producethings that they cannot sell. So they creating a growing problem in terms of demand feeder roads and improved groundwater (and, hence, drinking water) marketplaces. pollution and in terms of public health, mainly through water- and waste-bome diseases that 41. Thus, it can be seen that the process of take an appalling toll on the young and have a enablingand encouragingvillagers to undertake substantial economic cost through lost VillageLand Managementactivities depends on productivity. At the micro level, urban dwellers a cmplex set of factors. The villagers are quite have to leam to manage their environment capableof articulatingtheir needs in this regard. through improved personal and household It is up to the governmentto respond in such a sanitary practicesand better solid wastedisposal. way as to meet its part of the Village Land Industries have to improve their methods of Managementcontract. This is not just a matter disposal of industrial waste and their of resources. For the moment, the resources managementof toxic substancesand waste. availablefor rural infrastructureare by and large adequate or could be made available under 44. Since the problem has only been existingand planned projects. It is a matter of recognized recently, the NEAP calls for a two- substantiallyreorienting government resource pronged attack. First, efforts must be made to allocation procedures to ensure that these accelerate the planning, design, and facilitiesare provided in the villages that have implementationof criticalsanitary inrrastructure prepared a Village Land Use Plan and are in Ouagadougou and in Bobo Dioulasso. prepared to enter into a Village Land Second, efforts must be made to improve Management Contract with the government, conditions in secondary towns as a way of Reorienting resources and priorities in the containing some of the effects of the rural provision of rural infrastructure is the first exodus before they reach the large towns. objective of the Programmatic Agenda for Third, a modest program of technical work is ImprovingLiving Conditions. required to understand better the issues of Burkia Faso: Nmional Eniviomneaal Acion Plan 9 industrial waste disposal, as well as methods of environmentalassessments. This appliesequally increasing public awareness of public health to the NGOs. For the population at large, it problems and ways of combattingthem through will be importantto develop a renewed public improved personal health measures and awareness of the importance of environmental increased popular participationin the provision, management and the need for popular maintenance, and use of sanitary infrastructure. participationin its activities. This will require Ihis is the secondobjective of the Programmatic modified and strengthened programs in the Agenda for ImprovingLiving Conditions. formal education sector as well as mass media campaigns through radio, television and the press aimed at the populationat large. PROGRAMMATIC AGENDA FOR DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTAL CAPABILITIES MANAGING INFORMATION ON THIEENVIRONMENT 45. Since national level environmental managementis a relativelynew field in Burkina 47. The National EnvironmentalWorkshop Faso, it is imperative to begin to develop a body recommended the establishment of a program of of expertise and competencein environmental permanent environmental monitoring for the matters. In this context, competenceshould be national territorvy Further investigationhas in-erpreted in the broadestsense, covering both revealedthat, in the current state of development the technical expertise required in both the of environmentalinformation data collectionand public and private sectors to permit treatment in Burkina Faso, it would be environmental management to be planned, unrealistic to attempt to move directly to a executed, monitored and evaluated and the national monitoring program. First, the general level of environmentalawareness in the currently collected data are unuerexploited; populationthat will elicit the changesin attitudes second, work is needed to make existing data and mentalities that will provide the base for sets compatible;and third, there is no evidence public participation in environmental of strong demand for improved environmental managemenL Needless to say, this information either from political decision- programmatic agenda is at the least advanced makers, techniciansor the scientificcommunity. stage of development and needs to be almost fully articulatedunder the NEAP. 48. As described above,the NEAPproposes the setting in place of a NationalProgram for 46. A key element of this program will be the Management of Information on the an increase in the technical capacity of the Environmnent(PNGIM). The formulationof the Ministry of Envirounmentand Tourism to permit follow-up component of the National Program it to expand its activitiesbeyond forestry issues for VillageLand Managementin June-July1990 to do fill justice to the demands of already raised the more general questionof the environmentalmanagement. At the same tirne, institutionalorganization of informationon the technical *ine ministries will require enviromnentat the nationallevel. The intention strengthening to enable them to take better of establishingthe PNGIM developedfrom this account of environmentalissues in the planning unstructured general feeling. While the local and executionof their programs. In the private professionals had become well aware of the sector, it will be important to develop a possibilities offered by new technologies of consulting capabilityto meet the requirements InformationManagement and the stakes within called for under the NEAP for technical their control, the scope and the complexity of environmentalstudies and plans as well as for the implementationof an information system Bka Faso: NaOn)EnYiroviwnaAciroxPIaa 10 such as the PNGIM was generally under- committee will be responsible for ensuring that esfimated. This is why a thorough reflection on the NEAP receives the political and financial the content, organization and function of the attention that is necessary to assure its PNGIM started in October 1990. It led to a satisfactory execution. It will meet every six workshop of discussions from 13 -15 May 1991 months to review the progress report prepared at Bobo-Dioulasso. by the CICI/PANE, to debate the issues raised by the progress report and to resolve any 49. The workshop prepared a final conflicts that might arise. formulation of the objectives of PNGIM and adopted an institutional formula consisting of 52. The Interministerial Technical three basic elements: a network of partners, a Coordinating Committee (CICT/PANE). In the coordinating unit and a processing unit for same way as the NEAP is an evolution of the geographic information. The workshop allowed PNLCD, the coordinating body of the NEAP the identification of 17 project proposals on could be conceived -of as an evolution of the environmental informationlmanagement covering CNLCD, strengthened and complemented to the majority of the current needs. Thirteen of resolve the problems mentioned above and these projects will be finalized and included in expanded to reflect the broader scope of the the investment program of PNGIM. Finally the NEAP. Thus the concept of an interininisterial workshop agreed that the General Secretaries of technical coordinating committee has been the Ministries of Environment and Tourism, retained, with membership made up of Agriculture and Livestock, and Equipment, representatives from all the ministries whose should take the initiative to form a working programs affect the environment and chaired by group for the follow up of the PNGIM. the Minister of Environment and Tourism. The attributes of this committee would be to: ensure the technical coordination of the programmatic INSITuTIONAL SUPPORTFOR THE agendas that make up the NEAP; verify that NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL programs and projects impacting on the ACTION PLAN environment are consistent with the guidelines of the NEAP; help the concerned ministries and 50. Coordination and Monitoring. The agencies to mobilize resources for the activities National Enviromnental Workshop noted that the that make up the programmatic agendas; coordination and monitoring of the PNLCD monitor the execution of these activities; (Figure 1I) had fallen short of expectations in identify problems and obstacles and prepare a two main areas: the level of political support six-month report on progress in meeting the accorded to monitoring and the level of targets of the programmatic agendas. The resources allocated to make the Permanent ClTC/PANE would report to the ministerial Secretariat of the monitoring committee level committee and would be supported by a (CNLCD) operational. The support program for Permanent Secretariat. coordinating and monitoring the NEAP will redress these shortcomings. 53. 'The Permanent Secretariat (SP/PANE). Since the members of the CICT/PANE are 51. lhe Ministerial Monitoring Committee ministerial representatives with other day-to-day (CMS/PANE). ini order io ensure hign-level responsibilities, they will need to be supported attention to the execution and monitorlng of the by a Permanent Secretariat with a small staff NEAP, a Mnisterial Monitoring Committee will covering each of the progranmnatic agendas. be established, assembling the Ministers whose This will be responsible for determining the ministries touch on the environment. This precise composition of the programmatic BNai Fawo Nadong Ex'roi,nMl Acnio Pan

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN COORDINATION AND MONITORING STRUCTURE

lf l MINISTERIAL MONITORING COMMITTEE CMSIPANE

INTERMINISTERIALTECHNICAL COORDINATINGCOMMITTEE

CICTIPANE

PERMANENT SECRETARIAT SPIPANE

...... - . c.-. , , ~ . X:'C Burkina Faso: Naional Envronmental Action Plan 12

agendas, agreeing with ministerial NEXT STEPS - representativeson program and project targets, FROM PLAN TO ACTION collecting and analyzing the data required to monitor progress towards the targets and 55. The next critical step is to set up the preparing the six-monthly progress report. implementation of the NEAP in motion - to Since the Permanent Secretariat will need to move from plan to action. Executionof existing mount a substantial effort in the beginning to activities must be continued and intensified. establish a data base for program monitoring, it New activities must be fleshed out, funded and will be supported initially by an international implemented. A key element will be the expert in environmentalplanning and monitoring establishmentof the monitoringand coordination and an expert in data base design and structure described in the previoussection. maintenance. It will be adequatelyhoused and provided with the logisticalmeans necessaryto 56. This will permit the objectives and make it operational. outputs of existing programs and projects to be defined in more detail and a monitoringprogram 54. The Ministry of Environment and to be put in place. This is particularlyimportant Tourism. Until very recently, the Ministry of since the activities of the existingprojects will Enviromnent-and Tourism has fbcused almost forn the bulk of the activityunder the NEAP in exclusivelyon the forestry operationsfor which the first year of execution and, hence, will it had inherited responsibility.For the NEAPto constitutethe main results to be reported in the be successful, it is essentialthat the Ministrybe first few six-monthlyreports. structured, staffed and equippedto carry out its environmentalmanagemert vocation. In terms 57. With respect to the complementarynew of structure, the importanceof the environmental programs, projects and studiesthat are set out in managementfunction will be clearlysignalled by Tome II, the next critical step is to present them the creation of a Director General responsible to the donor community so that they can be for Environment. The General Directorate will detailed, firned up and funded. Since the be progressively staffed with experts in Fiches Techniques contain only the basic environmentalplanning and management and elementsof each activity, it will be essentialfor supp'rted by a strong training and retraining each interested donor to enter into detailed *. program. One of the main responsibilitiesof the discussionswith the agency or unit responsible directorate will be the establishment of an for each activity in order to develop the full EnvirommentalAssessment Program in response information necessary to permit the donor to to the determination of the National carry out its appraisal of the activity and to EnviromnentalWorkshop that many undesirable secure funding. Undoubtedly, this will take environmentalimpacts and side effects could be some time, so it is essential to start as soon as avoided if programs, policies and projects were possible. a priori subjected to an assessment of their potential environmentalimpacts. Stepswill also 58. The watchword of the NEAP is action. be taken towards the establishment in the It is essential,therefore, that the basic messages ministryof a NationalEnvironmental Laboratory of the NEAP be communicated to each that would eventually be responsible for Burkinabe - in the civil service, in the private monitoring water and air quality as well as sector and in NGOs, in the cities and in the industrialwaste. BurkinaFeAm: Na1t EWIFO1 eN Plan 13 countryside. This is the second important next step tDwardssetting the MEAPin motion. T.his will sensitizethe various actors on the scene to the necessity to think of the environment in everythingthat they do, to foresee the effects of their actionson the enviromnent.Only then will the environmentreceive the attentionand respect that are the prerequisitesto soundenvironmental management.