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GRAS Notice 789 for Erythritol
GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 789 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory. Toi• Strategies ~~~~G~~[)) JUN 7 20'8 Innovative solutions Sound science OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y June 5, 2018 Dr. Dennis Keefe Director, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835 Subject: GRAS Notification - Erythritol Dear Dr. Keefe: On behalf of Cargill, Incorporated, ToxStrategies, Inc. (its agent) is submitting, for FDA review, a copy of the GRAS notification as required. The enclosed document provides notice of a claim that the food ingredient, erythritol, described in the enclosed notification is exempt from the premarket approval requirement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act because it has been determined to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS), based on scientific procedures, for addition to food. If you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at 630-352-0303, or [email protected]. Sincerely, (b) (6) Donald F. Schmitt, M.P.H. Senior Managing Scientist ToxStrategies, Inc., 931 W. 75th St. , Suite 137, PMB 263, Naperville, IL 60565 1 Office (630) 352-0303 • www.toxstrategies.com GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food JUNES,2018 Innovative solutions s ,..,.,',--.r-.r--.r--. OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food SUBMITTED BY: Cargill, Incorporated 15407 McGinty Road West Wayzata, MN 55391 SUBMITTED TO: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Food Additive Safety HFS-200 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park MD 20740-3835 CONTACT FOR TECHNICAL OR OTIIER INFORMATION Donald F. -
Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron Rich Bismuth Isotopes
CERN LIBRARIES, GENEVA new lllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll SC00000267 CD [L] Q D K,Q/pm lO CERN/ISC 94-7 P60 scP GEM} »- emit 1=·1>.o1=·osAL TO THE rsotos COMMITTEE 9 Le-? Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron Rich Bismuth Isotopes CERN1 — Mainz? — Manchester3 — Stony Brook4 Collaboration J. Behr4, J. Billowes3, P. Campbell3, T.G. Cooperg, U. Georg2, I.S. Grant3, G. Gwinner4, G. Huber], M. Keimz, J. Kilgallon3, A. Kleinz, R. Neugart2, M. Neurothz, G.D. Sprouse‘*, P.D. Wheelera, F. Xu‘* and the ISOLDE Collaboration] Spokesman: J. Billowes Contactman: G. Huber Summary The aim of the proposed experiment is to measure the optical isotope shifts and hyperfine structures of bismuth isotopes in the region 21°'2“Bi which lie above the N=126 shell closure. The change in nuclear mean square charge radii and static moments can be deduced. These will be the first isotones of lead to be measured immediately above the shell closure. This will provide new information on the systematics of the kink in the charge radii change with neutron number seen in the Pb isotopic chain, and will represent the first measurement of the odd proton hg/2 moment in the region above the closed 2°8Pb core. Laser resonance fluorescence will be used on the isotopic bismuth samples as they are released into a gas cell trap. This is a method that has been applied very successfully at SUNY, Stony Brook to the neutron deficient bismuth isotopes and it makes efficient use of the small samples available. The bismuth samples of 212Bi and 213Bi will be prepared by catching intense beams of 22°Fr and 2"Fr on thin lead foils. -
WO 2014/138594 Al 12 September 2014 (12.09.2014) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/138594 Al 12 September 2014 (12.09.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: ue, Unit 1, Somerville, Massachusetts 02143 (US). PA- C12P 7/52 (2006.01) POULIS, Andrew; 186 Turnpike Street, Canton, Mas sachusetts 02021 (US). KORYABKINA, Natalya A.; (21) International Application Number: 6214 Avalon Drive, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887 PCT/US20 14/02 1796 (US). (22) International Filing Date: (74) Agents: MORRELL, Dennis G. et al; 271 Salem Street, 7 March 2014 (07.03.2014) Unit L, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (30) Priority Data: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 61/774,684 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) US DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, 61/774,773 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) US HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 61/774,73 1 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 61/774,735 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, 61/774,740 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, 61/774,744 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, 61/774,746 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, 61/774,750 8 March 2013 (08.03.2013) us ZW. -
Circular of the Bureau of Standards No. 562: Bibliography of Research on Deuterium and Tritium Compounds 1945 and 1952
NBS CIRCULAR 562 Bibliography of Research on Deuterium and Tritium Compounds 1945 to 1952 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS PERIODICALS OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS (Published monthly) The National Bureau of Standards is engaged in fundamental and applied research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Projects are conducted in fifteen fields: electricity and electronics, optics and metrology, heat and power, atomic and radiation physics, chemistry, mechanics, organic and fibrous materials, metallurgy, mineral products, building technology, applied mathematics, data process¬ ing systems, cryogenic engineering, radio propagation, and radio standards. The Bureau has custody of the national standards of measurement and conducts research leading to the improvement of scientific and engineering standards and of techniques and methods of measurement. Testing methods and in¬ struments are developed; physical constants and properties of materials are determined; and technical processes are investigated. Journal of Research The Journal presents research papers by authorities in the specialized fields of physics, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering. Complete details of the work are presented, including laboratory data, experimental procedures, and theoretical and mathematical analyses. Annual subscription: domestic, $4.00; 25 cents additional for foreign mailing. Technical News Bulletin Summaries of current research at the National Bureau of Standards are published each month in the Technical News Bulletin. The articles are brief, with emphasis on the results of research, chosen on the basis of their scientific or technologic importance. Lists of all Bureau publications during the preceding month are given, including Research Papers, Handbooks, Applied Mathematics Series, Building Mate¬ rials and Structures Reports, Miscellaneous Publications, and Circulars. -
Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Michael K
Chemical and Biological Engineering Publications Chemical and Biological Engineering 2-1994 Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Michael K. Dowd Iowa State University Steven L. Johansen Iowa State University Laura Cantarella Iowa State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cbe_pubs Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons, and the Biological Engineering Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ cbe_pubs/12. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Biological Engineering at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemical and Biological Engineering Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Low Molecular Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Sugarcane Molasses, Citrus Waste, and Sweet Whey Abstract Filtered stillage from the distillation of ethanol made by yeast fermentation of sugarcane molasses, citrus waste, and sweet whey was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nearly all of the major peaks representing low molecular weight organic components were identified. The am jor components in cane stillage were, in decreasing order of concentration, lactic acid, glycerol, ethanol, and acetic acid. In citrus stillage they were lactic acid, glycerol, myo-inositol, acetic acid, chiro-inositol, and proline. -
New Yeasts Capable of Assimilating Methanol*
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 18, 295-305 (1972) NEW YEASTS CAPABLE OF ASSIMILATING METHANOL* TOSHIKAZU OKI, KAGEAKI KOUNO, ATSUO KITAI, ANDASAICHIRO OZAKI Central Research Laboratories of Sanraku- Ocean Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan (Received May 10, 1972) Twenty strains of methanol strongly assimilating yeasts were isolated from rotten tomato and a flower of azalea through investigations on the single- cell protein production and on the microbial utilization of Cl compound. Taxonomic studies indicated that these yeasts were limited to certain species of Candida and Torulopsis, including two new species; C. methanolica OKi et KouNo sp. nov. and T. methanolovescens OKi et KouNo sp. nov. One hundred and ninety-one strains of yeasts obtained from type culture collections did not exhibit methanol assimilability at all. The possibility of producing a single-cell protein from methanol by micro- organisms was suggested by the extensive studies concerning methane- or methanol-assimilating bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. PRL-W4 (1), Pseudomonas methanica (2, 3, 4), Methanomonas methanooxidans (5, 6), Pseudomonas AM 1(7 ), Pseudomonas sp. M27 (8), and Vibrio extorquens (9). Moreover, it is of considerable interest that OGATA et al. first reported the assimila- tion of methanol by yeast, Kloeckera sp. No. 2201 (10, 11, 12). More recently, ASTHANA et al. (13) isolated one species of yeast capable of uti- lizing methanol as a primary carbon source and identified it tentatively as Torulopsis glabrata. However, its taxonomical characteristics have not been reported yet. In the course of investigations on yeast production and microbial utiliza- tion of Ci compounds, two new species of yeasts assimilating methanol as a carbon and energy source were isolated from natural sources. -
1. Public Health Statement
AMERICIUM 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This public health statement tells you about americium and the effects of exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites make up the National Priorities List (NPL) and are the sites targeted for long-term federal cleanup activities. Americium has been found in at least 8 of the 1,636 current or former NPL sites. However, the total number of NPL sites evaluated for americium is not known. As more sites are evaluated, the sites at which americium is found may increase. This information is important because exposure to americium may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You are normally exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. However, since americium is radioactive, you can also be exposed to its radiation if you are near it. External or internal exposure to radiation may occur from natural or man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources of radiation are cosmic radiation from space or naturally occurring radioactive materials in our body or in soil, air, water, or building materials. Man-made sources of radiation are found in consumer products, industrial equipment, atom bomb fallout, and to a smaller extent, from hospital waste and nuclear reactors. -
Green Synthesis of 1,5‑Dideoxy‑1,5‑Imino‑Ribitol and 1 ,5
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Green synthesis of 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ribitol and 1,5‑ dideox y‑1 ,5‑ imino‑ dl ‑a rabinitol from natural d‑sugars 2− over Au/Al2O3 and SO4 /Al2O3 catalysts Hongjian Gao & Ao Fan* A green synthetic route for the synthesis of some potential enzyme active hydroxypiperidine iminosugars including 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ribitol and 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑dl‑arabinitol, starting from commercially available d‑ribose and d‑lyxose was tested out. Heterogeneous catalysts including 2− Au/Al2O3, SO4 /Al2O3 as well as environmentally friendly reagents were employed into several critical reaction of the route. The synthetic route resulted in good overall yields of 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑ ribitol of 54%, 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑d‑arabinitol of 48% and 1,5‑dideoxy‑1,5‑imino‑l‑arabinitol of 46%. The Au/Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused with no loss of activity. Iminosugars are analogues of carbohydrates, chemically named as polyhydroxylated secondary and tertiary amines and found to be widespread in plants and microorganisms. Tanks to their structural similarity to sugar molecules and excellent metabolic stability, iminosugars are endowed with a high pharmacological potential for a wide range of diseases such as viral infections, tumor metastasis, AIDS, diabetes and lysosomal storage disorders1–11. Iminosugars are generally classifed into fve structural classes: pyrrolidines, piperidines, indolizidines, pyrrolizidines and nortropanes12. Hydroxypiperidines are structurally six-membered iminosugars. Some of the hydroxypiperidines such as 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminohexitol derivatives have now been commercialized as drugs to treat type II diabetes mellitus, type I Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) and Fabry disease13–18. -
Application of Chiral Sulfoxides in Asymmetric Synthesis
MOJ Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry Review Article Open Access Application of chiral sulfoxides in asymmetric synthesis Abstract Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2018 Chiral sulfoxides are used as a toolbox for the synthesis of enantiomeric/diastereomeric compounds, which are used as precursors for the pharmaceutically/chemically Ganapathy Subramanian Sankaran,1 important molecules. The current review focuses on applying these chiral sulfoxides Srinivasan Arumugan,2 Sivaraman towards the synthesis of the compounds having stereogenic center. In general, the 3 stereogenic center induced by the sulfoxide is able to direct the stereochemistry of Balasubramaniam 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA further transformation necessary to complete the total synthesis of bioactive molecules. 2Department of Science and Humanity (Chemistry), Karunya The nature of the reactive conformation of the sulfoxide is strongly dependent on the Institute of Technology and Sciences, India nature of the substituents at C-α and/or C-β. 3Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Correspondence: Sivaraman Balasubramaniam, Senior Research Scientist, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, Tel +9177 1880 5113, Email [email protected] Received: March 07, 2018 | Published: March 29, 2018 Introduction occurred in a further oxidation step of one of the sulfinyl enantiomer to sulfone.13 The titanium-binaphthol complex catalyzes not only the Over the last three decades, the sulfinyl group has received asymmetric oxidation but also the kinetic -
Sugar Alcohols a Sugar Alcohol Is a Kind of Alcohol Prepared from Sugars
Sweeteners, Good, Bad, or Something even Worse. (Part 8) These are Low calorie sweeteners - not non-calorie sweeteners Sugar Alcohols A sugar alcohol is a kind of alcohol prepared from sugars. These organic compounds are a class of polyols, also called polyhydric alcohol, polyalcohol, or glycitol. They are white, water-soluble solids that occur naturally and are used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners. In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high intensity artificial sweeteners to counter the low sweetness of the sugar alcohols. Unlike sugars, sugar alcohols do not contribute to the formation of tooth cavities. Common Sugar Alcohols Arabitol, Erythritol, Ethylene glycol, Fucitol, Galactitol, Glycerol, Hydrogenated Starch – Hydrolysate (HSH), Iditol, Inositol, Isomalt, Lactitol, Maltitol, Maltotetraitol, Maltotriitol, Mannitol, Methanol, Polyglycitol, Polydextrose, Ribitol, Sorbitol, Threitol, Volemitol, Xylitol, Of these, xylitol is perhaps the most popular due to its similarity to sucrose in visual appearance and sweetness. Sugar alcohols do not contribute to tooth decay. However, consumption of sugar alcohols does affect blood sugar levels, although less than that of "regular" sugar (sucrose). Sugar alcohols may also cause bloating and diarrhea when consumed in excessive amounts. Erythritol Also labeled as: Sugar alcohol Zerose ZSweet Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and throughout much of the world. It was discovered in 1848 by British chemist John Stenhouse. It occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods. At the industrial level, it is produced from glucose by fermentation with a yeast, Moniliella pollinis. -
Sialic Acids (Methyl Esters) Obtained by Methanolysis Can Be Determined After N- Acetylation-Trimethylsilylation4-6 Or Trifluoroacetylation’
Carbohydrate Research, 129 (1984) 149-157 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. Amsterdam-Printed in The Netherlands ANHYDROALDITOLS IN THE SUGAR ANALYSIS OF METHANOLY- SATES OF ALDITOLS AND OLIGOSACCHARIDE-ALDITOLS* GEKKITJ. GEKWIG,JCIHANNIS P. KAM~KLIW. AND JUHANNESF. G. VLIEGENTHAKI Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, State University of Vtrecht, Croesestraat 79, NL-3522 A D Vtrecht (The Netherlands) (Received October 13th, 1983; accepted for publication, December 16th. 1983) ABSTRACT In the context of the methanolysis procedure for sugar analysis, several al- ditols were investigated for their capacity to form anhydro derivatives in M methanolic HCl (24 h, 85’). Xylitol, D-arabinitol, L-fucitol, D-glucitol, galactitol, 2- acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactitol, and the alditols of N-acetylneuraminic acid were very prone to form anhydrides, whereas 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactitol, 2-amino-2- deoxy-D-glucitol, D-mannitol, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucitol formed little anhydride. Anhydride formation was observed for the relevant alditols when pre- sent in reduced oligosaccharides. This finding is of importance in the quantification of sugar residues based on methanolysis, N-(re)acetylation, trimethylsilylation, and subsequent capillary g.1.c. INTRODUCTION Various derivatives are employed for the determination of the sugar compo- sition of complex carbohydrates by g.1.c. Neutral and aminodeoxy sugars, obtained by acid hydrolysis, are usually analysed as alditol acetateslM3. Methyl glycosides of neutral monosaccharides, aminodeoxy sugars, uranic acids (methyl esters), and sialic acids (methyl esters) obtained by methanolysis can be determined after N- acetylation-trimethylsilylation4-6 or trifluoroacetylation’. Each monosaccharide gives rise to a characteristic group of methyl glycosides. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0165623 A1 Workman Et Al
US 2006O165623A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0165623 A1 Workman et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 27, 2006 (54) NATURAL IDEODORANT COMPOSITION (57) ABSTRACT (75) Inventors: Tanya Workman, Mansonville (CA); Svetlana Ratnikova, Toronto (CA) The present invention relates to a natural deodorant system and a natural system for topical and systemic delivery of Correspondence Address: active ingredients, both systems being primarily free of Louis C. Paul, Esq. preferably substantially free of more preferably essentially CTSW free of, and most preferably completely free of ethoxylates Suite 2400 or other petrochemical derivatives, and comprising: (a) at least one of (1) glycerine (preferably of plant origin), (2) a 420 Lexington Avenue polyol selected from the group consisting of galactitol, New York, NY 10170 (US) erythritol, inositol, ribitol, dithioerythritol, dithiothreitol, (3) a Sugar alcohol, selected from the group consisting of (73) Assignee: Terra Firma Natuals, Inc. mannitol, Sorbitol. Xylitol and maltitol, (4) a hydrogenated starch hydrosylates of at least one of berries, apples or (21) Appl. No.: 11/042,569 plums, and (5) mixtures thereof; (b) water or a lower monohydric alcohol, selected from the group of methanol, (22) Filed: Jan. 24, 2005 ethanol, propanol and isoproponal, or mixtures thereof, present at a combined concentration of at least 20%; (c) one Publication Classification or more carrageenans (preferably of plant origin) or algi nates, or mixtures thereof, present in combined concentra (51) Int. C. tions of less than about 2%; and (d) optionally, one or more A6 IK 8/73 (2006.01) thickeners or gums selected from the group consisting of tara, guar, Xanthan, Arabic, tragacanth, agar, locust bean (52) U.S.