“An environment of research excellence that Breakthrough enriches the knowledge economy.” World-Class Research at Breakthrough 1

Contents

Foreword - Professor Richard B Davies, Vice- 4 Recent highlights 5 Introduction – Professor Nigel Weatherill, Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research) 6 Commercial partners 7 Department for Research and Innovation 10 SCHOOL OF ARTS 12 Introduction – Professor Kevin Williams 13 Media and Communication 14 English 16 Creative Writing 19 Centre for Research into Gender in Culture and Society (GENCAS) 20 Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of (CREW) 21 Welsh 22 German 23 French 26 Italian 28 Hispanic Studies 28 Applied Linguistics 29 The Richard Burton Centre 31 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 32 Introduction – Professor Andrew Henley 33 Business 34 Marketing 34 Human resources, Organisations and Entrepreneurship Research Group 38 Information Systems and CeBR 41 Finance 42 Economics 43 Time Series Econometrics 43 Labour Economics Group 44 Monetary policy 46 Fifteen years of transition 47 Welsh Economy Labour Market Evaluation and Research Centre (WELMERC) 49 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 52 Introduction – Professor Nigel Weatherill 53 Aerospace engineering 54 The University strategy continues to be, Power electronics and microelectronics technologies 57 Manufacturing technologies 58 in summary, to strengthen research, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (MNC) 60 Multi-fracturing solids and particulate media 62 Multi-physics and multi-scale modelling 64 enhance the Swansea student experience, Environmental engineering 64 Emerging research/technologies 67 Collaborative training with industry 70 and be a powerhouse for growth in the Investment in research infrastructure 70 Research Fellows 71 “ INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS 72 regional economy, as part of a ‘virtuous Introduction – Professor Jaafar Elmirghani 73 TINA (The INtelligent Airport) 74 REACH (Radio-Fibre Enabled Access Highway) 74 circle’ of improvement to both the academic IRIS (Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics Scout) 74 Heterogeneous IP Networks (HIPNet) 75 Village E-Science for Life (VESEL) 76 and financial health of the institution. Integrated Storage Area Networks (INSTANT) 77 Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for European Research (PHOSPHOROUS) 77 Motorola’s collaboration with IAT 78 SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 80 Introduction – Professor Mike Barnsley 81 ” Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction Centre (CLASSIC) 82 2 Contents Swansea University Breakthrough 3

Institute of Environmental Sustainability 84 SCHOOL OF LAW 166 Glaciology Group 87 Introduction – Professor Iwan Davies 167 Millennium: reconstructing a thousand years of European climate change 90 Overview 168 Volcanic events and past climate change 91 European and International Law 169 Animals in their environment: do penguins eat like gannets? 92 Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 169 Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research (CSAR) 93 Socio-legal Studies and Legal Theory 169 WISE 94 Public Law and Welsh Jurisdictional Issues 169 Understanding Red Tides 94 Commercial Law and Law of Obligations 170 Incredible Invertebrates 96 Family and Child Law 170 Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectrometry 97 Wales Journal of Law and Policy 170 City Visions: the mechanical representation of space 99 Journal of International Maritime Law 170 Global urban networks 100 Institute of Shipping and International Trade Law 171 The PEER ethnographic research method 101 Centre for Commercial Law Studies 172 Devolved Governance in Wales 102 Justword: Centre for the Study of Text, Ethics and Forms of Juristic Discourse 172 International migration: political and policy responses 102 Environmental/Energy Law Research Unit 172 Irish America 104 Centre for Child Research 172 The Transformation of a Perpheral Community 104 Legal Wales 173 National Centre for Public Policy 105 The Intersection of Law and Language 175 SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 106 The Principles Underpinning the European Internal Market 177 Introduction – Mrs Anne Hopkins 107 Literary Jurisprudence 178 Institute of Health Research 108 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 180 Bioscience 109 Introduction – Professor Julian Hopkin 181 Economics of Health and Social Care 110 Institute of Life Science 182 Philosophy of Health Care 110 BioMedical research 183 Practitioner Research 111 Institute of Mass Spectrometry 186 Social Organisation of Health Care 111 Research published on the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster 188 Collaborative Links 112 Stem cell therapy 189 Health Informatics 113 Anti-cancer role for curry 190 Medical Sociology 114 New heart pump 190 Wales’ First Professor of Midwifery 114 Research into radiation and cancer 190 SCHOOL OF HUMAN SCIENCES 116 New antibiotics 191 Introduction – Dr Kevin Haines 117 Probiotic supplements for newborns 192 Applied Social Studies 118 CHIRAL: Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation 192 Criminology and Criminal Justice research 118 SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 200 Children’s research 121 Introduction – Professor Mike Charlton 201 Gerontology and ageing research 123 Physics 202 Workforce research 123 Antimatter research 202 After social carework 124 Nanoscale and condensed matter physics 204 Social Carework Research Centre 125 Quantum Field Theory, Strings and Spacetime Group 205 Childhood Studies 126 Lattice QCD Group 205 Psychology 130 Computer Science 207 Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience 130 Logic and Algebraic methods for design of software and hardware 207 Psychology research groups 131 Visual and interactive computing 210 Psychobiological effects of Ecstasy or MDMA in humans 137 FIT Lab 215 Centre for Child Research 138 Mathematics 218 Sports Science 138 Collaboration in Stochastic Analysis 218 SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES 140 Pseudo differential operators and Markov processes 218 Introduction – Professor Noel Thompson 141 On theories of turbulence 218 American Studies 142 Probability and Statistics by example 219 Classics, Ancient History & Egyptology 146 Outstanding accolade 220 History 152 Statistical mechanics and Condensation Theory 220 Politics and International Relations 156 Non-commutative differential geometry 220 Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict 161 New approach to (non-commutative) fibrations 220 The Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean 161 Corings 221 Centre for the History of Wales and its Borderlands 162 Symmetric Group Character Theory revisited 222 Conference for the Study of Political Thought 162 Algebraic symmetry 222 Centre for Research on Ancient Narrative Literature 163 Meetings, workshops and schools 223 Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies 163 VIP visits 223 Richard Burton Collection 163 DEPARTMENT OF ADULT CONTINUING EDUCATION 224 The Rush Rhees Archive 164 Coalfield Collection 164 List of acronyms and abbreviations 228 Peter Winch Archive 165 Index 231 Conferences 165 4 Foreward 5

Foreword Recent highlights

Swansea University is several years into an ambitious strategic plan aiming for world-class • £36 million in research contracts won in excellence in all our activities. A recent report, Eureka UK, describes 100 discoveries and developments in UK 2005/06, including £11.5 million from that have changed the world. These include the “finite element method” developed by Research Councils Professor Olek Zienkiewicz at Swansea in the 1960’s. This technique revolutionalised the design and engineering of manufactured products with applications ranging from small • 11 prestigious RCUK Academic Fellowships devices to the aerodynamics of the massive Airbus A380. Computational engineering research still flourishes at Swansea and is undoubtedly world- awarded leading. The University has many other long-standing research strengths that are widely recognised. A major feature of our strategic plan has seen unprecedented investment in the • More than 150 new academic appointments research infrastructure of the University, which is impacting on every part of campus and is since 2004 transformational for several academic areas. This publication seeks to capture the breadth, quality and - hopefully - the excitement of the • Several large research initiatives: innovative research now underway at Swansea.  £50 million Institute of Life Science Increasingly, the major academic advances are being made at the boundaries between traditional disciplines, giving a campus university like Swansea a distinct advantage. I hope  £30 million Institute of Advanced that this overview demonstrates the value that we attach to our research activity, including Telecommunications collaboration with commerce and industry, and the phenomenal rate of growth underway.  Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre  Institute of Environmental Sustainability  Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research  Institute for Health Research

Professor Richard B. Davies • IBM ‘Blue C’– one of the world’s fastest Vice-Chancellor supercomputers dedicated to life science research • Technium network: eight incubator centres linked to the University and supporting the creation and growth of high-tech businesses in South Wales 6 Introduction Swansea University Breakthrough 7

Introduction Commercial partners

Research, the relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding, has driven Swansea The University gratefully acknowledges the financial Cambridge University and collaborative support of its many commercial Cambridge Water Company University’s growth for nearly a century. Nowadays, in the face of fierce competition for funding, Camplas Technology and industrial partners. Organisations that have ground-breaking research remains central to the University’s development. Cancer Research UK recently supported Swansea University’s research Capricorn activities include: Carbon Trust Swansea’s research environment benefits from some world-class facilities and dedicated support A Carmarthenshire County Council staff, and has seen substantial investment in recent years. I believe that, as a compact campus, Carmarthenshire NHS Trust AAS (Austria) Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Swansea also benefits from being able to bring together researchers from a broad range of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic CARUS (Hamburg). Action Medical Research CB&I subject areas, which has in turn enabled the University to establish a dynamic multidisciplinary AEA Technology Plc CEFIC Age Concern Swansea approach that other, larger universities find hard to emulate. Celgene Cellular Therapeutics Agilent Technologies Celtic Vacuum Ltd AHRC Centre for Health Sciences Research, The University has also been successful in attracting world-class staff who will be instrumental Airbus UK Ltd. Chalmers University, Sweden AIST, Japan in securing our future growth. Our strength lies in their talent, and their dedication contributes Children's Commissioner for Wales Akzo Nobel Industrial Coatings Ltd Cinpres Gas Injection immensely to the University’s research competitiveness. Our future success is rooted firmly in the Alcan International Cisco Systems ALPS Electric (UK) Ltd City and County Of Swansea work that they undertake today. Our ambitions will be fuelled further by their enthusiasm. Alstom Controls Ltd Ciwem AO Research Fund CNPq We have seen continued growth in income from research grants and contracts over the last Aquatrols CNRS, Paris Arena Network Computeraid decade and projected income for the next few years shows that this is a long term trend. Between Artesyn Communication Products Concordia University, Montreal February 2005 and January 2006, the University submitted 315 grant applications, which Asset International Cooper Standard Association of British Insurers Corus resulted in funding awards in excess of £36 million. New campus-based research centres and Astrazeneca Council of the Association for Medical Humanities Atomic Weapons Establishment Countryside Council for Wales institutes – both established and planned – have an exciting role to play in attracting more funding Austrian Academy of Science Crown Cork and Seal Co and expanding our network of academic and commercial partners. Avago Technologies Cryoton (UK) Ltd. B Cultech Ltd There is a real sense of expectation on campus; a real sense that Swansea’s research makes BAA CUP B M J Publishing Group Ltd Cyden Ltd a difference. The conditions are right, the foundations for real growth laid, and the research BAAL D climate at the University is nurturing genuine talent that will unquestionably lead to profound BAE Systems Daiichi Suntory Biomedical Research Co Ltd Bayer Material Science AG Danisco Foods USA discoveries, new applications and revolutionary concepts. The University has already contributed BBC David & Christopher Lewis Foundation BBSRC greatly to the advancement of knowledge and to our appreciation of issues that closely affect our Davy Process Technology Ltd Bioanalysis Ltd Department of Health lives, but we know that we can go much further, building on recent investment to redefine the BioCare Ltd Department of the Environment Food and Rural Affairs Biocatalysts Ltd Department of Trade & Industry limits of scientific and academic understanding. Birby’s Department of Transport BNFL Magnox Electric Develogen The same passion that drove Newton, Darwin, Curie, Edison and Einstein drives discovery here Boeing DFID/Oda Bord Na Mona Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation at Swansea. We are mindful of the fact that we are judged by our successes, our ability and, Brain Injury Services Diabetes UK BRASS - the Centre for Business Relationships ultimately, our reputation. Disability Commission Bridgend Local Health Board DRA British Academy Dragon Polycaetes Research Ltd We are justifiably proud of what we have achieved so far, but I have no doubt that we have British Antarctic Survey Dragon Baits Ltd British Council a great deal more to offer and that our best is yet to come. Dwr Cymru British Ecological Society Dyfed Powys Local Criminal Justice Board British Nuclear Fuels British Skin Foundation E British Society of Gastroenterology EADS Astrium Professor Nigel Weatherill British Telecommunications Plc Eberhard Karls-Universität Tübingen Bronglais Hospital Aberystwyth Egypt Exploration Society Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research) BT Exact Element Six Ltd and Head, School of Engineering BUPA ELWa Burdett Trust for Nursing Enterplan Ltd C Environment Agency Epilepsy Research Foundation C E C EPSRC C R Clarke & Co (UK) Ltd Equal Opportunities Commission Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Ericsson 8 Commercial partners Swansea University Breakthrough 9

Ernest Hemingway Museum, L RNID Cymru U ESRC Laing O'Rourke Plc Robert Bosch GmbH UK Sport European Office of Aerospace Research and Development Landrover Rockfield Software Unilever European Electrical Steels Ltd Ledwoods Mechanical Engineering Roehampton University Unison European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) Leverhulme Trust Rolls Royce Plc United Nations Development Programme European Regional Development Fund Liberty Properties Plc Royal Academy of Engineering Universidad de Oviedo European Science Foundation Mathematical Society Royal Geographical Society Universita di Palermo European Social Fund Low Pay Commission Royal Historical Society Universitè Paris-Sud European Space Agency Loyola University, Baltimore Royal Society University College Cork Exxon Mobil LTSN Royal Society of Chemistry University of Auckland F Ruder Finn UK Ltd M University of Barcelona FAPER Rutgers University, USA University of California San Diego Marine Conservation Society Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro) University of California, Berkeley Marine Institute S Fisheries Society of the British Isles University of Chicago Flooring Technologies Ltd Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sainsbury Foundation University of Copenhagen Fluent Europe Medical Research Council SaP Kazakhstan University of Dresden Food Standards Agency Merck Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation University of Gothenburg Fraunhofer Institute, Berlin Local Health Group Save the Children Fund University of La Rioja Freescale MGS Economics Schering-Plough Ltd University of Munich Microsoft Research Limited Schulman Plastics G University of Ostrava Molecular Light Technology Research Ltd Sector Skills Development Agency University of Pisa GE Healthcare Ltd Momenta (Formerly Knowledge Transfer Partnership) Seoul National University. University of Stuttgart Glaxosmithkline Morriston NHS Trust Shaw Trust University of Tel Aviv Government of Canada Motorola SI Concrete Systems Ltd University of Texas Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation MRC Siliconix University of Utah Gwerin Y Coed N Sinclair Animal & Household Care Ltd University of Utrecht H National Assembly for Wales Sira Electro-Optics Ltd University of Vienna Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research National Asthma Campaign Society for General Microbiology Board of Celtic Studies Haemair Ltd National Audit Office Sony US Naval Regional Contracting Centre Harvard University National Cancer Institute (US) Soros Open Society Foundation V HDC - Horticultural Development Council National Institutes of Health, USA Spider Software Vanderbilt University Health Protection Agency National Museum of Wales St Andrews Group of Hospitals Veolia Water Systems Ltd HEFCW National Physical Laboratory St John’s College, Oxford Veterinary Laboratory Agency (DEFRA) HM Government Communications Centre NEAT - New And Emerging Applications Of Technology Stein Heurtey Vienna University of Technology Honour Society of Nursing Wales Neath Local Health Board Stockholm University Horticultural Development Council NERC Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt W Humbold University, Berlin Sure Start Cardiff NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wales Cancer Bank I NextGen Svergie Riksbank Wales Centre for Health NHS Confederation Swansea Institute of Higher Education IBM Wales Council for Voluntary Action NHS Direct Swansea Local Health Board IMP - Scientific Product Design And Development Wales Environment Trust NHS National Services Scotland Swansea NHS Trust Innogy Technology Ventures Ltd Wales Health Work Partnership Niobium Products Company GmbH Syngenta Ltd Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France Wales Office for R&D for Health and Social Care North American Association for the Study of Welsh Institute of Biotechnology of León T Wales Tourist Board Institute of Linguistics Culture and History Wallander Foundation Technical University of Denmark Institute of Microbiology Norwich Union Wellcome Trust Technische Universität Berlin Intach UK Trust Nuffield Foundation Welsh Assembly Government Telcordia Technologies Integral Business Support Ltd O Welsh Development Agency Tenovus Integran Technologies Inc, Canada Board O2 Texas Heart Institute Interactive Feedback Ltd Welsh Local Government Association Obsidian Research Ltd The BUPA Foundation International Council of Sports Science and Physical Options Consultancy Services Ltd Welsh Ltd Education The Carbon Trust West Lincolnshire Primary Care Trust Nhs Organisation for Cooperation and Security in Europe The Daphne Jackson Trust International Maritime Organisation Rugby Wokingham District Council International Philosophy of Nursing Society The Disabilities Trust Wolfson Foundation International Start Secretariat P The Environment Centre World Wide Fund For Nature International Transport Workers Federation Peel Medical Research Trust The Gatsby Charitable Foundation WRC (Water Research Centre) Plc Iolanthe Midwifery Trust Pembrokeshire & Derwen NHS Trust The Good Carb Food Company Ltd Writemedia The Health Foundation J Pfizer Ltd X Police Information Technology Organisation The Mechner Foundation Jane Hodge Foundation Pool Water treatment Advisory Group The Middle Dee Project Xyratex Janssen-Cilag Ltd Portsmouth University The National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford Y Powys County Council The Nuffield Trust John Wiley & Sons - Publishers Yakult Europe B.V PPARC The Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust Jose Marti International Journalism Institute Youth Justice Board of England and Wales Process Engineering Resources Inc. The Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory Jotunheimen Research Trust Protron Timet UK Ltd Z K Purdue University, USA Titan Environmental Surveys Zoobiotic Knowledge Transfer Partnership R Toyota Zühlke (Zürich) Kodak Ltd Traffic Wales Koemmerling Kunststoffe Red M Trans Media Technology Ltd Kolleg Friedrich Nietzsche, Weimar Rijksuniversiteit Groningen TUD (Denmark) Koppert UK Ltd Rio Tinto Technical Services TWI Ltd 10 Department of Research and Innovation Swansea University Breakthrough 11

DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND advises the University on strategic and Technium Technium For information on the activities of INNOVATION emerging European projects and is responsible Performance Energy Technium Swansea the Department of Research and The Department of Research and Innovation for developing close working relationships with Engineering (DoRI) offers a single point of contact for the external sponsors, including partners emanating Innovation please contact: University’s interaction with business, industry from industry, the European Union and the UK Ceri Jones (Research Support Office) public sector. and government. The department strengthens [email protected] and supports research activities undertaken in It is responsible for providing a comprehensive the University’s ten academic schools. administrative support service to research Barry Wanless (UWS Ventures) Technium Digital DoRI draws together knowledge on research, investigators and other project managers [email protected] consultancy, intellectual property, business start- involved in external consultancy. Technium ups and on creating sustainable economic Sustainable Professor Marc Clement The value and remit of these contracts is Technologies development in the regional economy. (Technium Initiative) extremely diverse, ranging from the smallest Technium [email protected] Such activity has grown vigorously over recent travel award through to cutting edge multi- Digital @ Sony years and is a clear indication of the vibrant million pound collaborative projects. Institute of Life Science Institute of Advanced Aquaculture Telecommunications research and business impetus that exists at The office also helps academics to prepare Swansea. successful grant applications, and continues to need for a venture capital strategy to ensure the a team of specialist advisors who can provide Examples of current projects include the Institute support staff after awards have been granted. maximum benefit for the University, the business support and access to finance, as of Life Science and the Institute of Advanced It provides a range of services and facilities to companies it creates or assists and, thereby, well as being able to put companies in touch Telecommunications, with a combined value of assist staff in monitoring progress, ensuring that the local and regional economy. with industry leaders and appropriate over £80 million. all financial claims are submitted on schedule. academic expertise. TECHNIUM INITIATIVE Professor Marc Clement, Chair of Innovation UWS VENTURES LTD Each centre in the Technium network has The Technium Initiative is a technology-led and Senior Executive in the Vice-Chancellor’s forged links with partners in business, industry UWS Ventures Limited is a wholly-owned incubation network that firmly links ideas to Office, is head of the Department. He plays and government, creating a uniquely subsidiary of the University. Incorporated in actions by providing a supportive environment a critical role in the development of the dynamic environment where private and 1998, it delivers first class solutions to in which knowledge-based companies can Technium concept (see below) and its roll-out public sectors intersect. entrepreneurs, SMEs and multi-national grow quickly while benefiting from academic across the region, as well as being corporations by helping them to exploit and and technical expertise. Welsh Assembly Government Minister for instrumental in obtaining funding for large foster the intellectual property and know-how Enterprise, Innovation and Networks, Andrew projects in recent years. Swansea University played a key role in of the University to the benefit of industry and Davies, has said that the Technium network bringing about this innovative concept, in Operational issues are handled by a strategy the community. creates an unprecedented opportunity for partnership with the Welsh Assembly group, composed of representatives from all the economic growth in Wales. He has praised it Formed in the recognition that real progress Government. One of the Technium centres – disciplines encompassed by the department, for linking business and academia so closely and innovation take place at the boundaries Technium Digital – sits at the heart of the ensuring a high degree of transparency in both and for “turning our brightest academic ideas where teaching and research intersect with University’s Singleton campus. decision making and implementation. industry and business, UWS Ventures has an into dynamic business opportunities.” The name Technium comes from combining DoRI has sufficient flexibility to ensure the impressive track record underpinned by In the future elements of the words ‘technology’ and University’s aims are met with regard to the depth of expertise. ‘Millennium’, and the title itself encapsulates the Looking ahead, the Department will continue to management of large, prestigious projects. At It is responsible for the commercialisation of short but vibrant history of the project since its be heavily involved in the creation and the same time it offers a wide range of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) created through inception in 2000. management of knowledge-based initiatives. expertise in helping academics seeking funding University research, consultancy and teaching Among the strategic developments expected to for their research projects. A technology-led incubation network needs to activities. It works closely with schools to emerge from the platform already created is a provide both the knowledge and support DoRI combines the expertise of a Research identify and protect IPR, then transfer Centre of Excellence in Bio-Refining. offered by business and academic expertise as Support Office, UWS Ventures Ltd and the commercially valuable IPR to industry through well as the physical space to accommodate Another is the Clinical Trials Unit (CTU), which Technium Initiative. appropriate commercial agreements and contracts. This enables academic expertise to the companies involved. will be part of the ongoing developments at the RESEARCH SUPPORT OFFICE School of Medicine and the Institute of Life be transferred to the marketplace in a fast and The Technium network across south west Wales Science. In common with other medical The Research Support Office provides advice streamlined manner. provides state-of-the art facilities that might innovations taking place on campus, the CTU and guidance to all University staff in the otherwise have proved too costly or too difficult UWS Ventures currently manages a large and could benefit from the enormous computing development, management and diversification for small companies to assemble themselves. diverse patent portfolio on behalf of the power of the Blue C supercomputer, which is of their research and consultancy activity. It University. This level of success has created the Each Technium centre also provides access to based at the Institute. 13 School of Arts Head of School - Professor Kevin Williams www.swansea.ac.uk/arts School of Arts

The newly formed School of Arts brings research expertise across the languages, media and communication studies, applied linguistics and English. It is building a vibrant interdisciplinary research environment with researchers engaged in work of international quality, based on particular strengths in German, Welsh and Hispanic Studies, which were rated at 5 in RAE 2001 and French, Italian and English which gained a 4 rating. Other research areas have been developed in the last five years, which, together with the established research areas, form a dynamic, rich and diverse culture that supports researchers and postgraduate research students. Researchers in the School work in collaboration with each other, anchored in a number of interdisciplinary research groups such as the Centre for Research into Gender in Society and Culture (GENCAS), Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of Wales (CREW) and the newly formed Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies. The School is presently in the process of developing new research initiatives such as the Centre for Media History and the Richard Burton Centre, which will foster world-class research on the cultural experience of South Wales as well as enhance the cultural life of the community and promote lifelong learning within it. As part of a thriving research culture the School is hosting a series of international conferences in 2006-7 including Engaging Baudrillard, European Cinema Research Forum’s ‘Films Without Frontiers’, and Transatlantic Exchange: African Americans and the Celtic Nations. The School attracts a range of scholars from across the academic community in Britain and Ireland as well as in North America, Europe and the Far East. The Erasmus Mundus programme in Journalism is an example of how the School has enhanced its links with other universities, in this case Amsterdam, Arhus and Hamburg, in the development of postgraduate provision, which has included staff exchange. Such initiatives have assisted the development of a diverse and informed research culture as well as enhancing the experience of research staff and research students. The School has nearly 50 research students from all over the world. Research within the school has been funded by various bodies, including the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Academy, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Welsh Language Board, Institute of Linguists and the European Union. One example is an award from the AHRC under its Resource Enhancement Scheme to take forward the Anglo-Norman Online Hub (www.anglo-norman.net), which is already an important resource for research into the languages, history and culture of Britain from the to the late 15th century.

Professor Kevin Williams Head, School of Arts 14 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 15

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION length commentary to Basque Ball, the between 1935 and 1951, this book was MEDIA THEORY AND HISTORY director’s documentary on the Basque Country. described as a ‘robustly historical view of The Department of Media and Communication Other members of staff make similarly In 2006 Dr Stone also completed the British Welsh cinematic heritage . . . the first social has research groupings based around significant contributions to media scholarship. Academy funded Networks project entitled and industrial study of the formative years of William Merrin contributed a chapter on Jean • European cinema, with particular emphasis Screening Identities: The Reconfiguration of the genre in Wales’ by the New Welsh on German, Spanish and Welsh cinema; Baudrillard to the book Cultural Theory (2004) Identity Politics in Contemporary European Review and reached the shortlist of the and his own book Jean Baudrillard: A Critical • the reporting of war and conflict; and Cinema, which was run in conjunction with Dr Academy of Wales, Book of the Year Introduction to his Media Theory was published • media theory and history, with particular Paul Cooke of the . This Competition in 2005. by Polity Press in 2005. Mr Merrin is a co- project promoted collaborative work between emphasis on Jean Baudrillard. THE REPORTING OF WAR AND organiser of the conference Engaging researchers working in European film studies in Baudrillard to be held at Swansea in EUROPEAN CINEMA CONFLICT Britain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Spain and September 2006 Dr Owen Evans is editorial director of the the USA. A number of conferences, workshops, Dr Andrew Hoskins is co-director - alongside The book, Understanding Media Theory journal Studies in European Cinema, which exchanges and visits are in progress, as well Professor James Gow of King's College (2003) by Professor Kevin Williams, a he co-founded in 2002 with Professor as two edited journals. Dr Stone has also London - of a £140,000 ESRC-funded project leading authority on media theory and history, Graeme Harper (Head of the Department of published articles and chapters in edited books entitled Shifting Securities: News Cultures was published by Hodder Arnold. He has also Creative Arts and Media at Portsmouth on a range of topics including magic realism in Before and Beyond the 2003 Iraq War. This recently published European Media Studies University). The two also founded the Cuban cinema, a comparative analysis of research uses the Iraq War as a trigger to (2005) and written several articles on the European Cinema Research Forum (ECRF), Cuban and Basque documentaries, the investigate how new security challenges are history of Anglo-American journalism and mass which has a worldwide membership and tradition and symbolism of cruelty to animals in represented and interpreted in the intersections communications in the 1930s. With colleagues Hispanic cinema, Spanish film noir, gender in between government and the military, news whose annual conference will be in Swansea in Aberystwyth, the Centre established a Spanish cinema, Surrealism in Spanish cinema producers, and increasingly fragmented news in summer 2006. regular Media History conference in 2005 and a book entitled Flamenco in the Works of audiences. Dr Evans’ book Mapping the Contours of and the next conference will be held in Federico García Lorca and Carlos Saura Oppression: Subjectivity, Truth and Fiction in Dr Hoskins is also the deputy director of the Gregynog in Mid Wales in 2007 on the (Edwin Mellen, 2004). Recent German Autobiographical Treatments Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict (see theme of media and time. Professor Williams is of Totalitarianism was published by Rodopi Dr Gwenno Ffrancon is co-founder and co- page 161). The Centre was established in currently writing A History of the British in 2006. director of the Cyfrwng Welsh media project, 2002 with the remit ‘to facilitate, co-ordinate Newspaper for Routledge. (www.cyfrwng.com), which is now in its third and financially support the interdisciplinary Dr Rob Stone’s work on the Spanish film- For further information, please contact year and boasts a worldwide membership. study of conflict’. Dr Hoskins’ Televising War: maker Julio Medem was supported by a grant Moreover, Dr Ffrancon is co-editor of Cyfrwng: From Vietnam to Iraq was published by Dr Owen Evans from the British Academy and the award of Journal – Cyfnodolyn Cyfryngau Continuum in 2004. [email protected] research leave from the AHRC. This book, Cymru with Dr James Thomas. Dr Ffrancon which includes many original interviews with its also published Cyfaredd y Cysgodion: subject and many of his collaborators, will be Delweddu Cymru a'i Phobl ar Ffilm in 2003. published in English by Manchester University An analysis of the history of film in Wales Press in 2006. A Spanish version will be published with the title Julio Medem: La simetríá del azar by Ocho y Medio, Madrid. In parallel with the research and writing of this book, Dr Stone was curator by invitation of a special Basque Cinema Season at the National Film Theatre in 2004, where, in addition to programme selection and consultation, he contributed programme notes, presented films and chaired a round table discussion on the subject of terrorism and film.

Dr Stone was also commissioned to contribute film notes to the Metro-Tartan DVD releases of the films of Julio Medem and a special full- 16 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 17

Review’ and, in February 2006, gave five Dr Franklin was also invited to give two lectures in India, including two as plenary keynote lectures at the annual International speaker at the International Conference on Conference on Romantic literature at Romanticism at Jadavpur University, Kolkat, Jadavpur University, Kolkat, in 2006. He where she lectured on ‘Byron and History’ and lectured at Banaras Hindu University and ‘Byron and Austen’. addressed the Asiatic Society, established by Sir William Jones in 1784. He is cited on Her most recent monograph is Mary The Norton Anthology of English Literature Wollstonecraft: A Literary Life (2004), which website: Norton Topics Online as ‘the best was published in paperback version in March modern editor and scholar of Jones' works’. 2006. In addition to recently published essays, her reprint edition, Women Travellers Professor Helen Fulton has produced an 1750-1850 (6 volumes) in the Routledge edition of medieval Welsh poems as part of series ‘Feminism: Major Works’, is published a larger editorial project, and has a in 2006. In 2005 she became Assistant continuing interest in theories of manuscript Editor of Women’s Writing. editing. Most of her work is motivated by an attention to ideology and economic power Dr Michael Franklin was approached by as determinants in cultural production, both the internationally renowned scholar of medieval and modern, and recent comparative linguistics, and foremost world publications on Chaucer and on modern expert on Sir William Jones, Professor media narratives articulate these concerns. Garland Cannon, to co-author an article ENGLISH Professor Caroline Franklin was awarded a Professor Fulton's areas of teaching and which would constitute his ‘last word on research are medieval English and Welsh The Department of English is home to two personal chair in March 2005 and gave her William Jones’, and which would stress Jones’ literatures and languages, the discourse and research centres: The Centre for Research into inaugural lecture on ‘Byron, History and Welsh ancestry. This interdisciplinary cultural theory, and the twentieth-century the English Literature and Language of Wales Libertinism’ in March 2006. In October collaboration was conducted via email literatures of Wales and Ireland. She has a (CREW) and the Centre for Research into 2004 she was invited to speak on between Texas and Swansea, and the particular interest in medieval Welsh poetry Gender and Culture in Society (GENCAS). ‘Wollstonecraft and Iolo Morganwg’ at the resulting article was published in 2005. and the relationships between English and The research interests of these centres are seminar programme of the University of Wales Welsh literary cultures in the . detailed on pages 20 and 21. Outside the Advanced Centre for Welsh and Celtic Her current projects include a study of the research centres, staff are actively engaged in Studies (National Library of Wales, representation of in medieval British a variety of research areas. Aberystwyth), and was an invited speaker at the ‘South West Interdisciplinary Romanticism literature (The Medieval Imagined: The Head of English, Dr Rob Penhallurick Link’ symposium held at the University of Representations of Urban Culture in Medieval has contributed to several prestigious Bristol. Professor Franklin was a plenary British Literature), poems of the medieval publications, including The Handbook of speaker at the Welsh nobility, and a study of political and Varieties of English (Mouton de Gruyter, conference on ‘Romantic Correspondences’, prophetic poetry in Britain in the fourteenth 2004), The Penguin Atlas of British & Irish lecturing on ‘Correspondences between and fifteenth centuries (The Prophecy of the History (2001), the second edition of Walter Scott, Byron and the Edinburgh King: Literature and Politics in the Wars of Language in the British Isles (Cambridge the Roses). University Press, forthcoming), and The Oxford Dr John Goodby researches and publishes History of English Lexicography (OUP, on modern British poetry, Irish literature and forthcoming). He was an invited speaker at culture since 1940, and . He the latest colloquium on the Celtic Englishes at Following this international cooperation, and is the author of Irish poetry since 1950: from the University of in September 2004, Dr Franklin’s publishing of a newly-discovered stillness into history (2000) and has and has been an active contributor to the Jones letter, Professor Cannon also suggested published a collection of poems, A nationwide `Voices’ project of the BBC. He is a collaboration on a supplementary edition Birmingham Yank (Arc Publications, 1998), curator of the Department's Archive of Welsh of Jones’ letters which have come to light in and a translation of Heinrich Heine's English, which houses an extensive collection the last 35 years. This will be a highly Germany: A Winter’s Tale. He is currently of audio recordings and transcriptions. It is significant project in improving our conducting AHRC-funded research for a hoped that the archive’s valuable audio knowledge and understanding of the work of monograph on The Critical Fates of Dylan recordings will be digitised and that a Jones, the Welshman who re-shaped Western Thomas for Seren Books. selection will be made available online. perceptions of India and the Orient. 18 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 19

a British Council 'Writers and their Work' CREATIVE WRITING The programme has links with A M Heath, volume on William Blake, and is building a Welsh presses and publishers such as Faber Since its inception in 2003, the project on the Romantic sublime and its and Weidenfeld & Nicholson, who have groundbreaking Creative Writing Programme commissioned two new novels from Dr significance for recent theoretical readings of at Swansea has gone from strength to Romanticism. Davies: The Eyrie is to be published in strength, offering a wide spectrum of skills February 2007. Into Suez, is an historical Neil Reeve has completed a study of the and research dialogue across the genres. novel set in Egypt during the early 1950s novels of Elizabeth Taylor for the Writers and In 2006, Course Director and fiction tutor, and leading up to the Suez Crisis. This work their Work series and has commenced work Dr Stevie Davies, FRSL, and poetry tutor, is still being researched and is due to be on the Cambridge edition of Lawrence's The Nigel Jenkins, were joined by fiction published in 2008. Vicar's Garden and Other Stories. specialist, novelist and critic, Dr Fflur Encyclopaedia of Wales Dafydd, and by the internationally In July 2005, Dr John Turner gave the Award-winning poet Nigel Jenkins is well renowned playwright and radio dramatist, Madeleine Davis Memorial Lecture to the known in Wales and internationally and is a David Britton. The expansion of Creative Squiggle Foundation, which specializes in frequent performer of his work. Hotel Gwales, Deputy director of GENCAS and lecturer in Writing staff has enabled a research culture psychoanalysis and Winnicott studies. His a collection of poems, published by Gomer Gender in English Studies, Dr Liz Herbert that actively explores the interrelationships Press in 2006, is his first collection of poetry in McAvoy, has appeared on Radio 4's title was ‘A brief history of spontaneity’. between disciplines. The establishment in nearly four years and contains some 80 Woman's Hour to discuss her edited volume Assistant director of CREW, Dr Daniel 2005 of a PhD via the path of Creative poems varying in length from a three-line haiku of essays on the subject of anchoritic Williams, published his monograph, Ethnicity Writing allows the University to capitalise on to an extended meditation of 400 lines. The enclosure in the Middle Ages - Anchorites, and Cultural Authority: from Matthew Arnold this synergy. collection again demonstrates his trademark Wombs and Tombs: Intersections of Gender to W. E. B. Du Bois, in 2005 as the flagship The team includes teacher-writers of stature experimentation with form whilst exploring and Enclosure in the Middle Ages. Dr volume in a new and innovative series on and experience. Dr Davies’ novel, The Welsh themes and references, ancient and modern. McAvoy was interviewed about the ‘Transatlantic Literatures’ from Edinburgh Element of Water (2001), which was long- extraordinary prevalence of voluntary female University Press. Dr Williams’ book centres listed for the Booker and Orange Prizes, won Nigel Jenkins is also editing (with John Davies enclosure during the later Middle Ages in on four Victorian ‘men of letters’ - Matthew the Arts Council of Wales Book of the Year; and Menna Baines) The Academi western Europe, and gendered differences Arnold, William Dean Howells, WB Yeats Kith & Kin (2004) was on the Orange long Encyclopaedia of Wales and Gwyddoniadur between the anchoritic guidance texts and WEB Du Bois - who drew on notions of list. Nigel Jenkins, co-editor of the Cymru yr Academi Gymreig, which is due composed for men and for women recluses ethnicity as a basis from which to assert their forthcoming Academi Encyclopaedia of from the University of Wales Press in Autumn 2006. which comprise the focus of her current cultural authority. In comparative close Wales (2006), is the author of some half research activity. readings of these figures, Dr Williams dozen collections of poetry and of the travel The Encyclopaedia of Wales will be a book Gwalia in Khasia (1995), which won Glyn Pursglove has interests in several addresses several key areas of contemporary scholarly, readable and entertaining mine of the Arts Council of Wales Book of the Year areas of English poetry (particularly that of literary and cultural debate. The book information on all things Welsh – not only the award in 1996. David Britton is eminent in the 17th and 20th centuries) and in aspects questions the notion of ‘the West’ as it nation’s people and places, but her history the field of drama and radio drama, and Dr and languages, her arts, religions, of bibliography and textual scholarship. His appears and re-appears in the formulations Fflur Dafydd is a young writer of versatility organisations, social movements, industries, recent publications include editions of the of postcolonial theory, challenges the and originality, who publishes poetry, fiction politics, sports, pastimes and continuing 17th-century poets William Gamage (2002) widespread tendency to divide nationalism and drama in English and Welsh. Her most traditions. and Sir John Stradling (2003). into ‘civic’ and ‘ethnic’ forms, and forces its recent works are the stage plays, Hugo readers to reconsider what they mean when It will comprise over 3,000 entries totalling Romanticism and critical theory are the (2003) and Helfa Drysor (Treasure Hunt, they talk about ‘culture’, ‘identity’ and 700,000 words, with 300 black and white research interests of Dr Steven Vine. In 2006), and the novel, Lliwiau Liw Nos illustrations. Between “Aaron” and “Zobole” ‘national literature’. With AHRC funding, Dr Romanticism his focus is on William Blake (Colours By Night, 2005). readers will find as much of Wales’ Williams has completed a study of cultural and Romantic versions of the sublime; in Swansea is especially proud of the encyclopaedic being as space permits, connections between African Americans and critical theory it is on psychoanalysis and the intellectual rigour of its programme and packing into one volume categories of the Welsh. It will appear in late 2006 as postmodern, and his work examines the research culture. Dr Davies and Mr Jenkins national life – people, places and subjects – Transatlantic Exchange: African Americans interaction between these two fields. Recent are engaged in scholarly research in the which have been dealt with previously only as and the Welsh 1845-1945 in the CREW separate works, and thereby proposing many publications include Literature in fields of literary criticism, history, feminism series of monographs published by the new and interesting relationships. Psychoanalysis: a Practical Reader (Palgrave, and Welsh studies, a scholarly experience 2004), and articles on Blake, Lyotard and University of Wales Press, under the that has enabled them to situate their This pioneering work has been initiated and the sublime (2002), and Mary Shelley, Kant editorship of the English Department’s research programme in an ethos both managed by the Welsh Academy and funded and the sublime (forthcoming). He is writing Professor M Wynn Thomas. creative and academic. by a major grant from the Arts Council’s Lottery 20 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 21

Unit. The Encyclopaedia should prove a vital Foundation Texts and Imagined Communities CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO THE flagship cultural project, the Library of Wales work of reference in libraries throughout the conference in Prague. Essays based on their ENGLISH LITERATURE AND (recently launched at the Welsh Millennium world as well as an indispensable and papers were later published. LANGUAGE OF WALES (CREW) Centre, the Times-Warner Centre in New accessible source of information and diversion York; and the United Nations building). Following the departure of Professor Heilmann (Distinguished Associates: , for general readers at home and abroad. from the University in September 2005, a new Seamus Heaney, Emyr Humphreys) The Centre is directed by Professor M. Nigel Jenkins has other works in progress, director and deputy director for the Centre were CREW was established to co-ordinate Wynn Thomas, a Fellow of the British including Real Swansea, a 65,000-word appointed, both newly-recruited specialists in the research in an area of study that has grown Academy, a Fellow of the English Association personal account of Wales’ second city, due field of English Literature and Gender Studies. in importance with the creation of a separate and currently Chair of the Welsh Books to be published in 2007 by Seren Books; a The director, Dr Sarah Gamble, is a specialist Welsh Assembly. The cultural distinctiveness Council. Professor Thomas is a specialist in collection of 100 haiku to be published by in the writing of the contemporary author of Wales was, for 1,500 years, intrinsically American poetry and in the two literatures of Planet Books in 2007 and a 20,000-word Angela Carter, on whose work she has bound up with the Welsh language and its modern Wales. He has held visiting book about , in collaboration with the published a biographical study entitled Angela outstanding literary tradition centring on professorships at Harvard and at Tubingen, photographer David Pearl, to be published by Carter: A Literary Life (Palgrave Press, 2006). Barddas, a rich body of strict metre writing was Chairman of the Welsh Arts Council's Gomer Press probably in 2008. The Deputy Director is Dr Liz Herbert McAvoy unique to Wales. But the twentieth-century Literature Committee for five years, and has (see page 18). acted as Chairman of the Welsh Academy For further information, please contact saw the emergence not only of English as a Dr Samuel A. Chambers, Politics: Best Paper “majority” Welsh language but also a of Writers, Yr Academi Gymreig, becoming Professor Caroline Franklin Award for the Foundations of Political Theory literature in English that was the product of a Fellow of the Academy in 2000 and [email protected] section at the annual conference of the an anglophone yet distinctively Welsh receiving the highest honour of the National American Political Science Association for culture. Defining figures in this literature have Eisteddfod of Wales in 2000. The twenty 'The Alterity of the Present: Revisiting the ranged from Dylan Thomas through David books of which he is author/editor include CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO GENDER Closet' (2005). Jones and to R.S.Thomas, the prize-winning Morgan Llwyd: ei gyfeillion IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY (GENCAS) a'i gyfnod (1991), The Lunar Light of Dr Susan Harrow, French: Publication of a Dannie Abse, Emyr Humphreys and Gillian monograph entitled Zola: The Body Modern: Clarke. At the beginning of the twenty-first Whitman's Poetry (1987), Internal Difference: GENCAS, located within the English Pressures and Prospects of Representation century, this literature may be seen both as Writing in Twentieth Century Wales (1992), department, brings together the research (forthcoming), with research sponsored by complementing the other non-English Corresponding Cultures: The Two Literatures strengths of scholars in the Arts, Humanities and AHRC funding. literatures of contemporary Ireland, Northern of Modern Wales (1999), 'The Page's Drift': Social Sciences. The Centre’s interests range Ireland and Scotland, and as a local R.S.Thomas at Eighty (1993) and DiFfinio from classical and medieval culture to (English, For further information please visit: instance of the worldwide proliferation of Dwy Lenyddiaeth Cymru (1995). European, American, postcolonial) women's postcolonial literatures in English. writing, masculinities, gender and sexuality; www.swansea.ac.uk/english/gender Recent books include a study of Welsh representations of gender in art, the media and The Centre is home to a range of research culture in the century of America (2001), a film, and sociological investigations into gender materials: the David Parry Survey of Anglo- monograph on the poet and dramatist and gender relations. Welsh Dialects, a unique resource for Kitchener Davies (2002), a joint publication GENCAS organises a range of research dialectologists and socio-linguists that is with the novelist Emyr Humphreys (2002), activities, including seminars in the series being digitised (2006) and attracts scholarly Residues (posthumous poems of R. S. Thomas Women and Gender with contributions from researchers from Continental Europe; the (2003)) and Welsh Writing in English research students, staff, and visiting speakers. papers of three major writers, Ron Berry, Alun (2004), the first authoritative survey of this The Centre also organises annual Richards and the great cultural theorist body of literature. Iowa University Press has interdisciplinary symposia and triennial Raymond Williams (all acquired in 2006); just published Professor Thomas' study of international conferences. and BWLET (The Bibliography of Welsh Walt Whitman's poetry in the context of both Literature in English Translation – a major Arts the US and the UK (2005). Until recently The launch of the Centre in 2003 was marked Chair of the University of Wales Press, by an international conference, Hystorical and Humanities project placed online in Professor Thomas is at present Chair of the Fictions: Women, History and Authorship. 2002 and published in 2005). Its Welsh Books Council Grants to Publishers Following this event, GENCAS was formally programme of research includes more than Panel and is the executor of R. S. Thomas' included in the ACUME project; an international thirty publications (from the first unpublished literary estate. research network that investigates the topic of comprehensive history of Welsh Writing in ‘cultural memory’ within European nations. In English to a series of critical monographs, Assistant director is Dr Daniel Williams, November 2004 Professor Ann Heilmann, the four of which have appeared, two are due in who is pioneering the study of Welsh writing then director, and Dr Brigid Haines, senior 2006 and two in 2007); the Welsh in English in a Transatlantic context. Senior lecturer in the Department of German, Academy’s Encyclopaedia of Wales (2007); staff include the Raymond Williams Chair of participated in the ACUME-funded Mythologies, and the Welsh Assembly Government’s Welsh Cultural History, (former 22 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 23

Head of BBC Wales and Pro-Vice-Chancellor modern Welsh paraphrase, English translation GERMAN The study asks whether women – as readers, of the University of ), who is both and detailed notes. The edited texts will draw The German Department was one of a translators, and authors – were particularly an eminent scholar and a distinguished on a number of different manuscript versions in handful of UK German Departments to be receptive to the work of other women, and broadcaster. The team of scholars order to attempt to come as close as possible awarded a ‘5’ in the last national Research whether a cross-cultural female literary tradition associated with the Centre includes Dr J.A. to the poet’s original words, whilst recognising Assessment Exercise in 2001. emerged during the period. Dr Brown has also Davies, a scholar of Welsh writing in English that such an ideal is often unattainable due to published a number of articles comparing and, along with his fellow CREW member Dr the complex transmission history of the poems. CENTRE FOR CONTEMPORARY women writers in Germany and Britain. She is John Goodby, a Dylan Thomas specialist; Dr Transcriptions of the main manuscript texts for GERMAN LITERARTURE currently working on women and translation in Robert Penhallurick, a socio-linguist and each poem will be provided, together with The Department hosts the Centre for the early modern period. specialist in the English dialects of Wales; digitised images of the earliest manuscripts, so Contemporary German Literature which is Dr David Basker’s research focuses on and the creative writers Dr Stevie Davies and that the user will have the opportunity to see unique to Wales and makes an important literature and politics in the post-war period, Nigel Jenkins. how the poems were preserved and contribution to German Studies in Britain and particularly the works of Wolfgang Koeppen, experienced by readers over the centuries. CREW enjoys close cultural and academic Europe. Founded in 1993 and directed by and post-unification literature. His recent Recorded readings will give the non-Welsh links with Welsh Books Council, The Arts Professor Rhys Williams, the Centre promotes volume Hans-Ulrich Treichel is the first book to Esther Dischereit speaker an idea what the poems sound like. Council of Wales, University of Wales Press, contemporary German, Swiss and Austrian be devoted to this author who has enjoyed authors in Wales and in Britain, and provides Welsh Academy of Writers, Literary Professor Johnston is also the author of Llen yr huge popular and critical success since the a stimulus for research into their works. Publishers Wales and Seren Books (the Uchelwyr: Hanes Beitniadol Llenyddiaeth publication of his first major prose work, Der premier publisher of Welsh writing in Gymraeg, 1300-1525 (The literature of the The Centre hosts visits from writers and Verlorene (translated into English as Lost), in English), as well as with the universities of nobility: a critical history of Welsh literature, academics and organises conferences on their 1998. This work is a poignant re-working of Harvard, Cambridge, Dublin City, Sydney 1300-1525), the first comprehensive survey of work. The results are published in a series of an experience through which Treichel’s own and Tübingen. “the Golden Age” of Welsh literature. Published monographs by the University of Wales Press. family went towards the end of the Second in 2005, the book was shortlisted for the Welsh Past visitors have included Peter Schneider, World War. Treichel has quickly developed a For further information, please contact Book of the Year. Volker Braun and Herta Müller, while the most literary reputation in Germany for writing that Professor M Wynn Thomas recent published volumes are on Zafer is readable, humorous and yet challenging, Other notable successes include Dr Christine Senocak, edited by Dr Tom Cheesman and and this volume, containing critical essays, a [email protected] James, who was crowned 'Prifardd' at the Karin E. Yeflilada, and on Hans-Ulrich Treichel, full bibliography and an interview with the 2005 National Eisteddfod after receiving a edited by Dr David Basker. The Centre’s author, is an invaluable tool for both the glowing review from the competition's judges. or visit the Centre’s Website at: volume on the works of Jewish-German author general reader and specialists. Dr James used the works of Michelangelo www.swansea.ac.uk/english/crew/ Esther Dischereit, edited by Dr Katharina Hall, and Andy Warhol as inspiration, reflecting on Dr Basker is currently preparing a further is nearing completion. Esther Dischereit visited the relationship between lines and colours in volume in the Contemporary German Writers the Centre in summer 2003; a video of a art. The judges described her poems as series on Uwe Timm. In collaboration with WELSH reading she gave while in Swansea can be 'exciting, rich in content, polished and overall Professor Williams he is also preparing a viewed on the Department’s website. THE DAFYDD AP GWILYM PROJECT a joy to read'. project on German writers and the student Forthcoming volumes are devoted to the work of movement, which will result in a monograph. The University is leading a five-year, AHRC- Dr Mererid Hopwood is a prominent poet Uwe Timm, F. C. Delius and Feridun Zaimoglu. funded initiative to develop a website and the only woman to have won the Chair Dr Tom Cheesman is an authority on Turkish STAFF PROFILES containing a new edition of the poetry of and Crown for poetry at the National German literature. He directed a multi- Wales’ most renowned medieval poet, Eisteddfod. Her publications are Cerddi Fan Dr Hilary Brown joined the Department in disciplinary team of researchers on Dafydd ap Gwilym. The interdepartmental Hyn (Gomer Press, 2002) and Singing in November 2005 after spending two years transnational cultures in Britain and Germany project provides a new, definitive guide to the Chains (Gomer Press, 2004). doing postdoctoral research in Berlin funded (ESRC-funded “Axial Writing” project, 1998- poet’s work and is led by Professor Dafydd by the Leverhulme Trust. Her research focuses 2001, rated ‘Excellent’). He co-edited the Johnston at Swansea. He shares the work of For further information, please contact on German women’s writing from the volume on Zafer Senocak, the first to be editing the texts with Dr A. Cynfael Lake Professor Dafydd Johnston seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, and devoted to this leading Turkish-born German (also Swansea), Dr Huw Meirion Edwards of she is particularly interested in how early intellectual and author. A period of AHRC- [email protected] the University of Wales Aberystwyth, and Dr women’s writing in Germany fits into the wider funded research leave in 2004-5 enabled Dr Dylan Foster Evans of . context of European literary history. Her book Cheesman to complete a monograph entitled Cosmopolite Fictions: Turkish German Novels It is expected that 170 poems will be included Benedikte Naubert (1756-1819) and her of Settlement. Due to appear in 2007, this in the full edition, separated into two sections Relations to English Culture (2005) uses the book surveys fiction by some twenty German according to the evidence for their authorship. example of the writer Benedikte Naubert to writers of Turkish background, as well as by The website will offer edited texts together with examine the part played by women writers in Anglo-German cultural relations around 1800. ethnic German writers who depict Turkish 24 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 25

protagonists. It argues that the standard critical entitled Detecting the Past: The History and comparative literature (especially the German Expressionism. He is currently completing a terminology of “migrant literature” is outdated: Memory of the Nazi era in German and reception of Laurence Sterne), Marcel Proust, chapter on Sarah Kirsch for a research project the Turkish German “literature of settlement” Anglo-American Detective Fiction, for translation and translation studies, humanities on exiled former East German writers, now asserts achieved belonging to German completion in 2010. computing, and bibliography. commissioned by the University of Dresden. society and culture. He has also just completed a chapter on Carl Dr Brigid Haines specialises in contemporary Dr Large’s most recent publication (edited with Sternheim for a volume on Anglo-German Dr Cheesman recently submitted a project women’s writing and contemporary German Keith Ansell Pearson) is The Nietzsche Reader literary perspectives on the First World War, to proposal to the AHRC programme on writing. She is a founder member of (2005). Nietzsche’s impact on modern thought be published by Camden House. “Diasporas, Migration and Identities”. His GENCAS, the Centre for Research into cannot be overstated. Generations have been project, “Languages Discovery Centre Wales”, Gender in Culture and Society, and is joint influenced by this controversial and exciting INTERNATIONAL LINKS is designed and will be executed in organiser of a major international conference thinker whose work nourishes academic fields The Department hosts a regular Research collaboration with the National Museum of to be held in Swansea in 2007 on the theme as diverse as philosophy, literary studies, and Seminar where invited speakers from the UK Wales. It will investigate the recent and of widowhood. political theory. This collection brings together and abroad give papers. Colleagues have ongoing shift in Welsh society, culture and in one volume substantial selections from Dr Haines’s monograph (with Margaret Littler), also organised the following international political thought from “bilingual Wales” to Nietzsche’s complete oeuvre, including some Contemporary Women’s Writing in German: events recently: the German Academic “multilingual Wales”, due to ever more diverse never before published in book form in Changing the Subject (2004), examines six Exchange Service annual German Studies immigration. The project aims to lay English. It also contains impressive key texts by contemporary women writers, conference in Dresden (Professor Williams), foundations for an innovative public institution pedagogical features, including editorial using insights from poststructuralist and new and the Women Translators conference at the dedicated to raising awareness of global and sections on Nietzsche’s life and importance, materialist feminist theory. Both critics and their Centre for Research into the European local language diversities, and to encouraging an introduction to his philosophical ideas, subjects, Ingeborg Bachmann, Christa Wolf, Enlightenment in Potsdam (Dr Brown). language learning. introductions to each major section of writings, Elfriede Jelinek, Anne Duden, Herta Müller and and a comprehensive guide to further reading. Dr Large was the first overseas scholar invited Dr Katharina Hall specialises in Günter Emine Sevgi Özdamar, cast a sceptical eye Not only does the reader generously excerpt to the Kolleg Friedrich Nietzsche, Weimar, Grass, Jewish-German literature and over existing notions of subjectivity in relation all of Nietzsche’s major texts, it also as Fellow in Residence. While there he gave contemporary German literature. She is a to language, gender and race. showcases selections from his lesser-known three public lectures. He has also given founder member of MEICAM (Modern Dr Haines’s volume (with Lyn Marven) Libuse writings, including his early critiques On further papers at conferences in Chicago, European Ideologies, Conflict and Memory), Moníková in Memoriam (2005) pays tribute to Schopenhauer, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of Lisbon, and Tourtour (France). the School of Arts research group which holds the novelist and essayist Libuse Moníková the Greeks, and the seminal essay On Truth Dr Brown, Dr Haines and Professor Williams regular seminars and is hosting a major (1945-1998) who made a unique contribution and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense. In addition, have recently given invited papers to international conference in Swansea in 2007 to German, Czech and world literature. This there are new translations of key pieces from conferences in Wolfenbüttel, Ceské on the theme of memory. volume, whose appearance marks what Nietzsche’s unpublished notebooks of the Budejowice and Prague, and Berlin Dr Hall’s monograph Günter Grass’ ‘Danzig would have been the sixtieth anniversary of 1880s, including the first sketch of the doctrine respectively. Dr Hall has been invited to Quintet’: Explorations in the Memory and her birth, is the first in-depth study of the work of eternal recurrence, and the Lenzer Heide participate in a two-week workshop History of the Nazi Era from ‘Die Blechtrommel’ of this truly European writer. It contains text on European nihilism. conference ‘New approaches to the study of to ‘Im Krebsgang’ will appear in 2006. This specially commissioned articles by Czech, Yisker books’, to be held at the United States Dr Large is currently completing a monograph study extends the long-established notion of German, US and British scholars, as well as Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington entitled Nietzsche’s Renaissance Figures. Grass’ ‘Danzig Trilogy’ to that of the ‘Danzig an appreciation by her friend and fellow writer D.C., August 2006. Dr Cheesman has been Quintet’, a literary project which explores the F.C. Delius, an English translation of one of her Professor Rhys Williams is an authority on invited to give two papers related to the evolution of Germany’s relationship to its Nazi last interviews, and the first comprehensive German Expressionism and contemporary Languages Discovery Centre project (one in past over a period of forty years. Dr Hall bibliography. German literature. Recent publications include a panel on Community Arts and one in a draws on psychoanalytic theory to examine the articles and book chapters on Alfred panel on Cosmopolitanism) at the 6th Dr Haines has recently applied for research different conceptualisations of memory within Andersch, Georg Kaiser, Gustav Landauer, Crossroads in Cultural Studies Conference leave from the Arts and Humanities Research the quintet, focusing in particular on the Uwe Timm, Hans-Ulrich Treichel, Martin (Istanbul, July 2006). His translation of Council to work on her project, Enduring interlocking recollections of its seven first-person Walser, and Wilhelm Worringer. Professor Zwischen Winter und Winter, a volume of Empires: History, Trauma and Identity in Recent narrators. Care is taken to place each part of Williams is editor of the series ‘Contemporary hermetic poetry by Manfred Peter Hein, will German Writing from Eastern Europe. the quintet in the historical context of its moment German Writers’ (University of Wales Press, appear in a quadrilingual edition in of production, and the study concludes with an Dr Duncan Large’s research interests since 1992). Reykjavik, Iceland, in 2007. examination of the recent controversy encompass Friedrich Nietzsche and French Professor Williams has recently published a surrounding Grass’ exploration of the memory Nietzsche interpretation, Sarah Kofman and For further information, please contact chapter on the Short Prose of German of German wartime suffering in Im Krebsgang. contemporary critical theory, Austrian Dr Brigid Haines Expressionism in the Camden House modernist literature (especially Robert Musil, Dr Hall is currently working on a monograph Companion to the Literature of German [email protected] Hermann Broch, Arthur Schnitzler), 26 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 27

FRENCH Modern: Pressures and Prospects of academics from around the world in the which is supported in its mission by The Department of French is the largest Representation, the study argues that Zola’s presence of the writer, held at a historic international advisory panels. The journal’s language department in the School of Arts, writing – through the striking deployment of château in Normandy. expansion in North America has brought real tropes of fragmentation, elision, self- overseas impact, consolidating the strong with twelve academic staff and four native- RESEARCH PROJECTS IN MEDIEVAL reflexivity, dissolution – is more prospectively international position of this journal now in its speaker lecteurs. FRENCH AND ANGLO-NORMAN modern, even modernist, than critics have 24th year. Monographs in the area of 18th-century hitherto assumed. Dr Alison Williams studies both medieval Professor Derek Connon has been appointed French studies by Professor Derek Connon, and Renaissance literature. She is CONFERENCES AND French Editor for the Modern Language and in the field of modern French poetry by collaborating with Dr Daron Burrows of the COLLABORATIONS Review, one of the most distinguished Dr Susan Harrow have received wide to produce a three- journals in modern literature studies. critical acclaim. Professor Connon’s Diderot's The work of Dr Nathalie Morello and Dr volume edition of the previously unpublished Endgames (Peter Lang) is a major study of the Catherine Rodgers contibutes to research Anglo-Norman Vie de Seint Clement Pape. Recent appointments works of Diderot that seeks to clarify the into gender studies. Dr Morello is writing a The project has won a grant from the British Dr Kathryn Jones was appointed Lecturer meanings of his works by looking particularly book on representations of bad mothers in Academy to purchase software and to in French in 2004, and launched her at their endings, which have traditionally contemporary French women’s writing, while facilitate examination of the single manuscript academic career with a monograph entitled been seen as ambiguous or even, in some Dr Rodgers is preparing an “Hommage à at Trinity College, Cambridge. The edition Journeys of Remembrance: Memories of the cases, unsatisfactory. The study of the titles of Marguerite Duras”, for the 10th anniversary will allow comparison with the widely Second World War in French and German Couperin’s keyboard works, 'The Mirror of of her death, a collection of reflections by disseminated Latin Pseudo-Clementine Literature, 1960-1980, and a series of Human Life': Reflections on François French writers on their relation with Duras. Recognitions and demonstrate how the conference papers. She was invited to Couperin's 'Pièces de Clavecin’, written in The collection was presented at the source was manipulated for a vernacular speak at the in February collaboration with musicologist Jane Clark, colloquium ‘Marguerite Duras: desseins de audience. Dr Williams is also conducting 2005 on issues of fantasy writing and has been welcomed by musicians, and has mémoire et d’oubli’ in Louvain in 2006. research into the influence of medicine on the aestheticisation in H.G. Adler’s Eine Reise already been quoted in the notes for pianist works of Francois Rabelais, and has Dr Rodgers is active in international Duras and Georges Perec’s W ou le souvenir Angela Hewitt's recent Couperin recordings. presented a paper on her work at the British studies, combining co-editorship of Bulletin d’enfance. She presented work on the Connon also gave a keynote paper on the Comparative Literature Association de la Société Marguerite Duras, with Bataille de Paris in 1980s Maghrebi-French influence on Couperin of the music of the conference on Invention: Literature and frequent conference appearances and narratives at the 2005 Romance Studies Parisian Fair theatres at a recent conference Science, to be published in Modern interviewing (most recently of Yann Andréa), Colloquium, and discussed ‘memory tourism’ and workshop at the Handel House Language Review. Museum. His forthcoming monograph on the to appear in the prestigious Minard series. in 1960s and 1970s travelogues by East theatrical works of Alexis Piron, Identity and Both researchers presented papers at an The Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, a joint and West German writers at the conference Transformation in the Plays of Piron, has been international conference on The Family in project between the French Departments at ‘Literature Travels: Literature and Cross- preceded by the publication of two extracts Contemporary Culture and Theory (University Swansea and Aberystwyth, is in the second Cultural Exchange’ (British Comparative in the British Journal for Eighteenth-Century of Durham, 2004), Dr Morello exploring year of its AHRC-funded Phase 2. The Hub Literature Association). childhood and memory in Lorette was initially created to support the Studies and the Modern Language Review. In November 2005 she participated in the Nobécourt, and Dr Rodgers examining the preparation of a revised and expanded International Holocaust and Trauma Studies ‘Beautifully written’, ‘one of the best pieces of deconstruction of family narrative in Anne- edition of the Anglo Norman Dictionary, a conference, with an analysis of the evolving scholarship on modernist poetry to appear in Marie Garat. Both will be contributors to vital tool for researchers dealing with the reception of Holocaust fantasy narratives. the last twenty years’ and ‘a major reference- the Women and Space conference to be languages and culture of medieval Britain, Her current research is centred on point for many years to come’, Dr Harrow’s held at the Institute of Romance Studies, and also providing important input into contemporary representations of the Algerian The Material, the Real and the Fractured Self London, in October 2006. cognate dictionaries of medieval French war of independence in literature and film. (University of Toronto Press) explores the being edited in Continental Europe and into Professor Andrew Rothwell has delivered Papers to be delivered in 2006 include an fascinating interrelation of subjectivity, the etymological component of the Oxford invited papers at international conferences in analysis of Leïla Sebbar’s recent travelogues materiality and representation in the poetry English Dictionary, Third Edition. and related texts of Rimbaud, Apollinaire, France – one was at Carcassonne to and Franco-Algerian sites of memory at the Ponge and Réda. The completion of this coincide with the opening of an exhibition of JOURNAL EDITING ‘Women and Environments: Space, Place the work of artists (including Picasso, Braque, and Landscape’ conference to be held at the book was supported by AHRC Extended Romance Studies (founded 1982) is jointly Juan Gris and other Cubists) with whom the Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies. Leave in 2002. edited by Dr Susan Harrow and Emeritus modernist French poet Pierre Reverdy worked Professor of Spanish Derek Gagen, in The winner of a second award under the on collaborative projects; and another on For further information, please contact collaboration with Dr Elizabeth Emery (New AHRC Extended Leave Scheme (2005-06), contemporary poet, art-critic and novelist Professor Derek Connon Jersey). Colleagues from French, Italian and Dr Harrow has recently completed a study of Bernard Noël was delivered in the 'Colloque Hispanic Studies in Swansea and in New [email protected] the novels of the French naturalist novelist de Cerisy' series, a week-long meeting of Emile Zola. Entitled Zola, the Body Jersey are active on the editorial board, 28 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 29

ITALIAN external speakers, and hosts a conference on to complete a monograph on visions of Peron Colombian poet, Juan Zapata Olivella, at the Italian has staff working in the areas of the relationship between memory, politics in contemporary Argentine fiction. Seventh International Conference on and historiography in September 2007. Caribbean Studies in Cartagena de las Indias, critical theory, history and cultural history. Dr Davies and Emeritus Professor Derek Gagen Colombia, while in September Antònia Babí Dr Jonathan Smith is engaging in research Professor Gino Bedani, who retired in continue their editorial work on Romance gave a paper at the annual conference of the which aims to fill the gap in general September 2004, continues to contribute to the Studies. Professor Gagen’s research also International Association of the Teachers of appraisal of the scope and significance of Italian research environment. He is currently centres on the poetry and drama of Spain in Spanish at the University of Oviedo (Spain). Umberto Eco’s theoretical work in semiotics. completing a history of post-war Italy for the 20th century, particularly Rafael Alberti and His article ‘De te fabula narratur: narrativity, Oxford University Press, as well as researching Buero Vallejo, but he has also published on For further information, please contact ethics, and psychoanalysis in the critical in the field of medieval Italian history. At the Unamuno, Antonio Machado, García Lorca, Dr Elaine Canning thought of Umberto Eco’ will appear in end of 2005 two of his research students, Gerardo Diego, Luis Cernuda and Blas de Forum for Modern Language Studies in Huw Thomas and Giuseppe Vatalaro, were Otero. His most recent publications are an [email protected] 2006. Current work concerns the way Eco's awarded doctorates in the fields of 'the Italian edition of Agustín de Foxá, Baile en capitanía earliest work in semiotics responds to the Constituent Assembly and religious freedom' (Madrid: Fundamentos, 2003); Esos laberintos growth of the media, and especially and 'the de-ideologization of the Italian de la conciencia: Buero Vallejo en la transición APPLIED LINGUISTICS television, in Italy during the 1950s and Communist Party.’ y la democracia in Teatro y sociedad en la The Centre for Applied Language Studies 1960s, and its debts to American pragmatist España actual (Madrid: Iberoamericana, (CALS) focuses on three major linked areas of philosophies of Pierce and Dewey. For further information, please contact 2003); and Rafael Alberti’s “Muerte y juicio”: research in applied linguistics: Dr Jonathan Dunnage Death, Judgement and the Poetry of Disbelief Dr Jane Dunnett is researching the • linguistics and translation, a relatively new (Modern Language Review). censorship and translation of foreign literature [email protected] area supported by appointments since the in fascist Italy. She is also working on crime John Hall has published research on Medieval 2001 RAE fiction, investigating the link between Arthurian Literature in the Peninsula, seventeenth- • discourse analysis of language in the imported novels and the genesis of a new HISPANIC STUDIES century drama and prose, and various aspects media and language in education literary genre in Italy between the wars. This The Hispanic Studies staff at Swansea are of 19th- and 20th-century Spanish and • vocabulary learning and development in a was the subject of a paper, which she gave active in many areas of research, from Spanish-American literature. He recently second or foreign language at the University of North Carolina in April linguistics to Latin-American history, medieval published an edition of a novel by the Peruvian 2005. Recent publications include an essay, ballads to contemporary Catalan theatre. The writer Mario Vargas Llosa, and is working on a The Centre has an international reputation in 'Anti-fascism and literary criticism in post-war Department was rated “5” in the most recent study of Spanish Civil War novels. L2 vocabulary studies and maintains a large Italy: Revisiting the mito americano', that Research Assessment Exercise. archive of vocabulary related material appeared in an edited volume, Culture, Dr Elaine Canning‘s principal research area (VARGA). CALS also publishes software and Censorship and the State in Twentieth- During 2005, Professor David George, is seventeenth-century drama, with particular bibliographical materials useful to those Century Italy (Legenda) in 2005. Head of Hispanic Studies, has lectured at focus on the metatheatrical properties of the studying in this area. several academic institutions in Spain, comedia and the concept of audience Dr Jonathan Dunnage is researching the focusing on the reception of foreign drama in reception. In 2005, Dr Canning spoke on the CALS, together with the School of Language policing of fascist Italy in relation to other early-twentieth century Barcelona. He spoke Spanish Golden-Age dramatist Lope de Vega in UWE Bristol and the School of Education right-wing dictatorships, and an article is due at the University of Murcia on Hauptmann at the Mountain Interstate Foreign Language in Reading, has won an ESRC research to appear in Crime, Histoire et and on productions of Hauptmann, Ibsen Conference, Wake Forest University and has award: Models and Measures of Vocabulary Sociétés/Crime, History and Society in and Shaw in Catalonia as part of Pompeu published a monograph entitled Lope de Acquisition, Knowledge and Use: The 2006. He was co-organizer of the annual Fabra University in Barcelona’s PhD Vega’s Comedias de tema religioso: Re- Interface between Theory and Applications. conference of the Association for the Study of programme. He also delivered a paper on creations and Re-presentations (Woodbridge, This award follows directly from a previous Modern Italy (ASMI) on the theme of ‘Italy at the contemporary Catalan playwright Sergi Suffolk: Tamesis, 2004). award by BAAL and CUP in 2004, where war, 1935-2005' in November 2005, and Belbel’s latest play at the First International the same group collaborated in a workshop Dr Siân Edwards’ research focuses on issues of a session on ‘Representations of the police Symposium on Contemporary Catalan in Bristol. This gave rise to a number of major relating to regionalism and national identity in in the mid-20th century’ at the European Theatre. He continues to be the Hispanic publications, including Modelling and Spain, with a special interest in Catalonia. Her Social Science History conference in Editor of the Modern Language Review and, Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge in the CUP PhD thesis examined the policies of the Amsterdam, March 2006. in 2005, he convened the Contemporary Applied Linguistics series. The current award Catalan political parties to nationalism in the will involve the delivery of six seminars, Drs Dunnage and Dunnett were among the Catalan Theatre panel at the 50th European context. Recent publications include including two in Swansea, focusing on founder members of a School of Arts anniversary Conference of the Association of A Short History of Catalonia (Welsh Academic lexical organisation in bilinguals, testing and research group (MEICAM - Modern Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland. Press 2006). teaching vocabulary in a second language European Ideologies, Conflict and Memory) Dr Lloyd Hughes Davies has obtained an setting, educational perspective of L1 and L2 in 2005, which holds a regular research In August 2005, Patricia Rodríguez AHRC Research Leave award to enable him vocabulary development, interdisciplinary seminar programme including important Martínez presented a paper on the 30 School of Arts Swansea University Breakthrough 31

approaches including the consideration of with a book Broadcast Discourse in English THE RICHARD BURTON CENTRE focus for research activity of international vocabulary study in stylistics clinical linguistics due for publication with Palgrave Macmillan The Richard Burton Centre is a collaboration significance. and forensic linguistics, models and concepts in 2007, facilitated by an AHRC research between the University and Neath-Port Talbot It is supervised and organised by a in vocabulary study and orientations towards award supporting sabbatical leave. Council. It will foster research activity of professionally qualified archivist, who ensures the future. Dr Jim Milton is a member of the Language international excellence, enhance the cultural the long-term preservation of all formats of The vocabulary research group at Swansea Technology sub-committee of the Languages, life of the community and promote life long material in it. The University has considerable is prominent in the theoretical modelling and Linguistics and Area Studies Board and of the learning within it. To achieve this vision, the experience in this area, along with the delivery practical assessment of vocabulary British Council's management committee for Centre will be shared between two sites, in of web-based archive catalogues and the knowledge. The annual CALS Summer EFL Innovation Awards. Recent research Port Talbot and on Swansea University’s main digitisation of texts and images. School, primarily intended for research publications have explored school foreign Singleton campus. The Richard Burton Collection has exciting students, is a popular feature of the Centre’s language vocabulary learning. Joint research The Swansea University element of the synergy with the University’s other research activities. The CALS Research Group is a awards gained with UWE Bristol and Richard Burton Centre will deliver the collections, such as the founder member of the M4AL research group Reading will result in an edited volume and research and preservation elements of the Collection (see page 164) and the growing and also has formal research links with the special journal issue on Modelling and project. The Centre will initiate world-class number of papers by Welsh writers in English. University of Barcelona, University of La Rioja Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge in 2007. research on the cultural experience of South and Concordia University, Montreal. Recent invited plenaries have been given for Wales, drawing on the expertise of the The archive will serve as a catalyst for work Research work is sponsored by organisations TESOL Arabia, in Poland and in Mexico. University’s researchers and unique currently done in the University in the areas including the Institute of Linguists, Express of film, drama, writing and historical Dr Chris Shei researches and publishes in collections (Richard Burton Collection, South Publishing (Newbury), S.aP Kazahkstan and research. It will serve as a focus for several translation, corpus linguistics and computer Wales Coalfield Collection, Welsh Writers in the Welsh Language Board. degree programmes and a number of assisted language learning. He supervises English). These collections will also be research groups and activities. Amongst the Professor Paul Meara is Director of CALS' a growing group of Translation PhD research accommodated in the Centre, meeting degree programmes would be MAs in Welsh thriving Vocabulary PhD programme and students. modern preservation standards, along with Studies and European Screen Studies while Research Group, Chair of the Institute of other major University humanities collections Dr Pius ten Hacken researches and research groups include the Centre for Linguists Examinations Review Board, and such as the Wellcome Collection. There will publishes in translation and computational Research into the English Literature and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of also be public spaces, including an archive linguistics with a new book Chomskyan Language of Wales. Arts in 2003. Recent publications in the reading room, other study and research Linguistics and its Competitors due from journal Applied Linguistics and elsewhere areas, dedicated provision for visiting Equinox in 2007. Invited conference papers For further information, please contact have developed a network model of lexical scholars and for international colloquia, a and plenaries have been given in Turin, acquisition and knowledge. Recent invited multi-media display area, a film studio and Professor Kevin Williams Berlin, Sweden and Maastricht in 2005 and plenaries given by Professor Meara have innovative teaching and research areas. [email protected] 2006. Dr ten Hacken gained a British included visits to Japan and Spain. Academy Conference grant for Terminology, RICHARD BURTON COLLECTION Dr Tess Fitzpatrick organises Vocabulary Computing and Translation which he The Richard Burton Collection, donated to Research Group seminars and plays a organised in 2004. the University by Sally Burton in May 2005, leading role in PhD supervision and Dr Cornelia Tschichold has mainly contains a wide variety of material. At its management. Recent publications in researched and published on Computer heart are the diaries kept by Richard Burton, international journals have focused on Assisted Language Learning (CALL) since the majority dating from the period 1960- vocabulary testing and organisation of the L2 joining CALS in 2004. 1983. In addition to the diaries there is also mental lexicon. a series of correspondence files kept from the Dr Geoff Hall is Assistant Editor of the For further information, please contact period around 1957 when Richard Burton journal Language & Literature and published Dr Geoff Hall moved to Switzerland, film posters from the period of 1953-1978 as well as other Literature in Language Education with [email protected] Palgrave Macmillan in 2005. Invited plenary audiovisual material including audio and talks and staff seminars were given in videotapes of his performances and a large Pakistan and Sweden on language in number of photographs, both formal film education, as well as conference papers in shots and informal family photos. The Poland and Finland in 2006. collection contains part of Richard Burton’s library and a collection of gramophone Dr Nuria Lorenzo-Dus has published records. This archive represents a resource articles in recent years in Journal of which has the capacity to draw to it Pragmatics and Media, Culture and Society, distinguished visiting scholars and to act as a 33 School of Business and Economics Head of School - Professor Andrew Henley www.swansea.ac.uk/business School of Business and Economics

The School has a growing international expertise in a broad range of research areas covered by Business Management and Economics. The School has expanded rapidly in the last three years, with the appointment of a number of research leaders in the fields of Finance, Marketing, Organisational Studies and Economics. The School has a thriving research culture in which new academics are able to establish their research profiles and reputations and in which around 35 research students are undertaking work in pursuit of doctoral qualifications. The School has research groupings and expertise in the following areas. The Finance group includes a number of professionally qualified accountants and has particular interests in risk management and insurance, the efficiency of financial markets and in the relationship between financial institutions and economic development. The Marketing group hosts research programmes in relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, market research and in tourism and services marketing. The Human Resources, Organisations and Entrepreneurship group undertakes and publishes research on the impact of globalisation on employee relations, creativity and innovation in organisations and amongst entrepreneurs, the impact of the physical environment on organisational change, and on transition into entrepreneurship. The Statistics group includes research on actuarial statistics and on the application of statistic methods to health issues. The Centre for e-Business Research (CeBR) acts as a focus for multidisciplinary research on the impact of information technology and of information systems on business, government and wider society. Particular CeBR research themes include the adoption of broadband and digital technologies and the investigation of customer response to the digital and electronic business environment. Economics research within the School encompasses the following areas: macroeconomic theory, time series and financial econometrics, the analysis of market transition and microeconomic market incentives, and the economics of labour markets and human resources. The last of these themes is focused around the Welsh Economy Labour Market Evaluation and Research Centre (WELMERC), which has been core-funded since 2002 by the Wales European Funding Office to undertake evaluation and performance research on the Welsh economy. Most of WELMERC’s research has a significant methodological and international comparative perspective and results in widespread international research publication. In total the School has published over 200 research publications since 2004, the majority of which are in refereed academic journals, as well as extensively engagement with international conference audiences and the media.

Professor Andrew Henley Head, School of Business and Economics 34 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 35

BUSINESS some of the complexities of cross-cultural sales and American restaurant customers – two made, and this may be weeks or months from MARKETING negotiations and the difficult task this posed for countries with very different dining traditions. the date of the original survey. Mark Goode sales managers. More recently, he and Dr The effects of service failure and recovery has been actively researching in the field of Global thinking, local relevance Antje Cockrill (with Dr Nina Reynolds, strategies were examined in over 700 personal service quality. In addition to his research into Research in the field of Marketing has a long Bradford) have worked on a project to assess interviews with restaurant customers. The results the cultural effects on satisfaction, mentioned history at Swansea University, with many differences in communication styles between showed that there is much commonality with earlier, he has studied the effects of free eminent academics having made a mark here. groups from different cultural backgrounds. A regard to service failures but significant banking on perceived overall satisfaction. In This tradition continues with academics number of differences were noted in relation to differences in recovery efforts. Especially short, did the fact that a customer was producing rigorous academic research of negotiation exercises between Greek and noteworthy was the observation that American receiving “free” banking rather than paying for practical relevance. Some of the subjects that British individuals. Mark Goode has customers were much more likely to expect a bank account, make any difference to their form the focus of the group's research are quite contributed to our understanding of cross- generous compensation measures. But in both level of satisfaction? Overall, a number of enduring, but the group has kept up-to-date cultural differences in marketing with an countries, overcompensation methods did not important differences were found between with new areas of research. international collaborative study based on appear to influence customers’ repeat students with free bank accounts and fee 6,776 responses collected from fast food patronage intentions, nor did they have a paying “normal” customers with regard to One of the current research themes that has a customers in Greece, Jamaica, the UK and the significant influence on their rating of the confidence, charges and frequency of use long history of development centres on cultural USA. The results revealed that similarities in the restaurant’s recovery effort. This last finding diversity and its effects on marketing. We are Thoughts on the subject of service quality are measurement of customer satisfaction in these suggested that restaurants could and should use all familiar with the idea of cultural moving on, and the Marketing group has different cultural contexts were important, and less expensive recovery methods. convergence, and many companies have contributed to new ideas about the subject. suggested that the development of measures to used this apparent opportunity to develop Quality of service is a topic that has generated Some see the concept of service quality and examine and compare consumer satisfaction generic products that appeal across cultures. a lot of academic discussion during the past satisfaction as too narrow and therefore across cultures and languages is feasible. The But, more recently, questions have been raised couple of decades, matched by a strong incapable of fully understanding why even results were published in the European Journal about whether cultural convergence is a one- desire of public and private sector apparently satisfied customers may not return of Marketing and won a publisher’s award for way phenomenon, with more recent organisations to be able to more effectively to a business. “Customer experience" is the one of the best papers published in the expressions of individual groups’ need for a measure and manage the quality of services emerging as a new area of study, which journal during 2005. cultural identity appearing to go against the that they deliver. The Marketing group at integrates the fields of service quality, brand conventional wisdom of cultural convergence. Still on the theme of cultural diversity and Swansea has made a strong contribution to this management and relationship marketing. The Marketing group at Swansea has restaurant customers, Professor Adrian debate. Professor Adrian Palmer has carried These areas have been addressed in contributed to this debate. A study by Palmer has published the results of a out a number of studies of service quality that numerous ways by the Marketing Group, for Professor Antonis Simintiras highlighted collaborative international study involving Irish provide practical and local benefits to example Dr Antje Cockrill has been involved managers, while at the same time providing in a study of consumers buying luxury data from which new models of international branded goods; and currently Mark Goode importance can emerge. He has worked with and Dr Antje Cockrill are investigating the groups to study the effects of survey timing on phenomenon of movie piracy. The Marketing how people respond to questionnaire surveys. group is well placed to develop the concept In the context of theme parks, tourist attractions of customer experience further. Models of and higher education services, he found strong service quality inform the concept of customer evidence that we may be quite critical in our experience, but widen it by recognising the evaluation of service quality immediately after non-linearity of customer experience measures, an event, but our assessment gradually rises and the fact that anticipation of an event may with the passage of time. There is an important be part of the experience. Discussion about message in this research to all those companies quality being based on prior expectations has that carry out customer surveys as customers been turned on its head, because, to many are leaving a restaurant, or as they pick up people, the best experiences are those that their car from servicing, or checkout from their are least expected. Dr Nicole Koenig-Lewis hotel. This may be the cheapest way of and Professor Adrian Palmer are working on collecting information, but what matters most in a study to examine the effects of people's terms of repeat business is what the customer memory of an event, and in particular, the thinks at the time the next purchase decision is factors that help them to preserve a 36 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 37

favourable memory of an experience. Many strong interest in consumer experience in the One industry sector that the group has applied of research seminars at which staff and invited academics and practitioners see customer e-commerce context as well as in the real its knowledge to, and a sector that is becoming external speakers bring the staff and students up- experience management as the successor to world, Dr Chen is now looking at the link increasingly important to local businesses, is to-date on latest research thinking. customer relationship management, and in this between users' experience of a company in tourism. Dr Nicole Koenig-Lewis completed her With the addition of new members of staff, the respect, Professor Adrian Palmer brings a general, and their evaluations of the PhD on the subject of seasonality in tourism Marketing group at Swansea is reinvigorated wealth of research experience. He is a company's web presence. Dr Antje Cockrill demand. Her study included a comparative and set to continue the tradition established by founding member of the editorial board for has also investigated trust in an online evaluation highlighting the merits and limitations their predecessors of high quality research the Journal of Relationship Marketing and environment. In view of recent changes in of various seasonality measures. The main which meets the standard required for recently hosted an international conference of legislation and in the context of consumer contributions lie in the area of industry trust, she conducted a website analysis of UK academic excellence, while being relevant and the top academics in the field. He has segmentation. The research revealed that financial service providers, assessing the capable of application by the many undertaken a number of research projects into conventional classifications of accommodation availability and accessibility of privacy communities that the University serves. the factors that lead to long and successful establishments are of only limited use when policies. A key outcome of the study was buyer-seller relationships. explaining observed seasonal fluctuations. that there are differences in the type of For further information, please contact Performance clusters identified through the data- The group has been keen to embrace new financial service provider (e.g. banks or non- Professor Adrian Palmer driven approach used in this study provide a technologies, both as a subject of study in banks). Non-banks did not appear to use the Email [email protected] itself, and as a research tool. Dr Jun Chen Internet as a channel to the same extent as much more comprehensive picture of which establishments performed poorly and which did recently completed her PhD research which banks, fewer offered a privacy policy, and Recent appointment investigated consumers' experience in the where they did, these policies were more well. This important research was funded by online retail environment, using an difficult to find. The issue of trust was the Wales Tourist Board and the David & Professor Adrian Palmer recently joined the environmental psychology approach. Her addressed in a paper published by Mark Christopher Lewis Foundation. A separate School of Business and Economics as Professor study particularly looked into antecedents Goode in the Journal of Retailing, His paper research project examined students studying in of Marketing, bringing a wealth of experience and consequences of flow and trust in the e- on the pivotal effect of trust on customer Swansea who invite friends and relatives to from both the business and academic commerce context. Her results showed loyalty has further added to both theory and come and visit tourist attractions. The study communities. Before becoming an academic, website features such as usability have a practice in this critical area. He has also demonstrated that universities represent large, he held management positions in the travel and significant and positive impact on flow and been involved in studying online behaviour frequently underestimated, generators of VFR tourism sector, and began his academic career trust, which then leads to a number of by applying Bitner's established Servicescape (Visiting Friends and Relatives) tourism and that initially through part-tome teaching of tourism website patronage intentions including the model to online environments. The study significant differences exist between the friends’ marketing. Since then, he completed his PhD formation of positive attitudes towards a site linked Servicescapes to behavioural and the relatives’ components. In her work, Dr on the subject of Relationship Marketing and various site approach intentions. With a intentions in a multitude of websites. Koenig-Lewis has discovered a category of applied to tourism destinations and went on to tourist that had previously not been recognised the University of Ulster to set up the Northern in national and local tourism statistics. Professor Ireland Centre for the Study of Tourism Adrian Palmer has undertaken extensive Marketing. His approach to research has been research and consultancy activity within the field to seek external consultancy projects that of tourism. He was previously Chair of Tourism deliver application-ready knowledge for the Marketing at the University of Ulster where he client, but data and insights that help worked with the Northern Ireland Tourist Board academics to build bigger picture theories. As to develop a new marketing knowledge base, an example of this approach in practice, a and helped organise the fragmented local study sponsored by the Northern Ireland Tourist tourism associations that often competed rather Board led to the Board making informed co-operated with each other. decisions about the future role of local tourism The research group at Swansea contributes to marketing associations, but additionally, and the support of over 120 taught Masters and with the co-operation of the sponsor, the project Doctoral students who are studying in the led to articles being published in Journal of School of Business and Economics. Students’ Marketing Management and Journal of involvement in research projects with local Vacation Marketing. public and private sector organisations has Professor Palmer has a preference for proved mutually beneficial for all concerned. quantitative research approaches, but remains The Marketing group organises a regular series mindful of their limitations. 38 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 39

Since arriving at Swansea, Professor Palmer international relations. Her research interests has sought to explore more fully the concept of include the transfer of industrial relations customer experience. We all know a good strategies and practices in multinational experience when we are enjoying one, but companies and the influence of different how do you measure consumers’ attitude societal and organisationally based systems towards the experience in a manner that is of employment relations on the world of statistically and theoretically valid, and at the work. Recent articles have drawn on case same time managerially useful? His previous study research in three multinational research in customer relationships and service companies in a heavy engineering sector quality will bring new insights to the Marketing with subsidiaries in Germany and the UK. A group in the School. recent article (with Mike Geppert, Queen Mary’s) explores negotiated and unilaterally For further information, please contact imposed methods of introducing change into Professor Adrian Palmer subsidiaries. It outlines the ‘German model’ [email protected] of business based on diversified quality production and cooperative change HUMAN RESOURCES, ORGANISATIONS processes and investigates the pressures AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH placed on the model from the centrally GROUP imposed global change management strategies based on mass production of The group has three main research foci: products and services. Industrial Relations/HRM (Dr Harvey and Dr Williams); Organization Studies (Professor De Dr Geraint Harvey’s research interests Cock and Dr Volkmann) and Creativity and include management-trade union partnership Entrepreneurship (Professor Henley and arrangements and the broader high Professor De Cock). Over the last three years performance paradigm. He is especially the members of the group have published their interested in employee attitudes towards research in major international journals such partnership working, high performance work as, for example, the Journal of Management practices and HRM. The focus of his Studies, the British Journal of Management, research to date has been the civil aviation Human Relations, Organization Studies, industry generally, and the relationship Regional Studies, the European Journal of between flight crew and management more Industrial Relations, the International Journal of specifically. He has co-authored reports for Human Resource Management, the Journal of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Management Inquiry, the Sociological Review, and the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF) on the impact of the 9/11 and Small Business Economics. process into entrepreneurship and Brazil, focusing on modelling the decision to tragedy on global civil aviation; he also has Dr Christina Volkmann completed a major entrepreneurial outcomes, in particular choose informal activity over paid written several reports for the British Airline ethnographic study of a large German focusing on the secondary analysis of self- contractual employment, and on the Pilots Association, and has advised senior research library as part of her PhD employment activity in large scale general definition of the informal sector. The final management at a European flag carrying research. Her theoretical interests include purpose longitudinal surveys. Recent area is concerned with the impact of airline. He is currently researching the low language, literary criticism, and notions of research has been concerned with state entrepreneurial activity on regional economic cost airline phenomenon in the UK and is space in the organizational context. In line persistence amongst the self-employed, job performance, in part in connection with the author of Management in the Airline with these theoretical perspectives her creation by micro-entrepreneurs, the process work as an economic research advisor for Industry which will be published by current research focuses on organizational of transition from entrepreneurial aspiration the Welsh Assembly Government. Routledge later this year. change and the role of architecture and into self-employment, and the relationship For further information, please contact spatial design in the workplace. Professor Andrew Henley's research between housing and financial wealth and interests are in the field of entrepreneurship. self-employment. The second area concerns Professor Andrew Henley Dr Karen Williams’ background is in Broadly speaking these fall into three areas. informal entrepreneurial activity in the [email protected] linguistics (German and French) and The first is the modelling of the transition developing world, and in particular in 40 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 41

Recent appointment: (with Fitchett J and Volkmann C in the British measurement of information society investment. Professor Christian De Cock joined the Journal of Management). The School was funded to conduct the School in 2006 as Professor of Organization evaluation of the e-Wales strategy on behalf of Professor De Cock’s research interests can be Studies. Prior to arriving at Swansea, he was the Welsh Assembly Government (which roughly divided into three broad areas: Senior Lecturer, School of Business and creativity and innovation; discourse and literary included the appointment of two research Economics, and also spent theory; and philosophy and social theory; as assistants), and was also commissioned to three years in the School of Management, these pertain to empirical and/or theoretical evaluate the electronic local government Royal Holloway, University of London. dilemmas in the field of organization studies. strategies produced by the unitary authorities in In 1996, Professor De Cock was awarded his He has a long-standing interest in the role of Wales. An ongoing project being conducted in doctorate at Manchester Business School for his the arts and philosophy in management theory collaboration with a major international airline “investigation into the introduction of planned and management development, and has is examining the technology adoption process organisational change: theoretical and published articles in international journals on of the gradual virtualising of the organisation, empirical considerations” such topics as the Bauhaus (with Christina from both staff and customer perspectives. Volkmann) and the interface of literary theory From 1999 to 2003, he was associate editor Ongoing PhD activity within the subject area and organization theory. He recently started of Creativity and Innovation Management and includes examination of the digital divide, exploring creativity and entrepreneurship is now on the editorial board of the virtual organisations, and motivators for the occurring in unusual places and the utopian publication, for which he periodically acts as abandonment of electronic shopping carts in e- role of creative fantasies. He has also guest editor. He is also a member of the commerce environments. Recently completed established a tapestry of relationships over the editorial board of the Journal of Management PhDs have addressed issues including strategic years through the teaching of creativity and Studies and reviews book proposals for planning and ERP implementation in innovation postgraduate courses at the Palgrave, Sage, and Routledge. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND CeBR University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), manufacturing environments, the design and Recent publications include the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Toulouse The key role played in modern society by development of computer games, and Organization/Literature: Exploring the Seam (France), the Brisbane Graduate School of information and communication technologies cybernetics and social science. (with Land C in Organization Studies), Business (Australia), and most recently at The (ICT) is recognised by governments around Professor Williams has recently been invited to Questioning Consensus, Cultivating Conflict Royal Institute of Technology/Stockholm School the world, and the need to employ ICT as a participate in the European Union funded (with Jeanes E L in Journal of Management of Entrepreneurship (Sweden). tool for economic, business, and educational TRANSFORM project (examining the Inquiry), Everything you wanted to know development is recognised by the UN transformative use of ICT in Europe), and will about Organization Theory… but were For further information, please contact General Assembly in endorsing the need to be a member of the project Indicator Expert afraid to ask Slavoj ÎiÏek (with Böhm S in Professor Christian De Cock develop the so called information society. Group. He is a member of the EPRSC funded Sociological Review), and Constructing the [email protected] Research within the School relating to the groups e-GISE and VIEGO (both addressing New Economy: A Discursive Perspective impact of ICT on business and broader aspects of e-government), is a member of the society (including the Centre for e-Business editorial boards of the Journal of Enterprise Research) is led by Professor Michael Information Management and the International Williams. The School enjoys an international Journal of Information Quality, an Associate profile in the subject area and members have Reviewer for the Electronic Markets journal, published widely in areas such as ICT and acts as a reviewer on ad-hoc basis for Development, ICT Management and numerous journals including the Journal of Planning, e-Business and e-Government. Electronic Commerce, the International Journal The School has enjoyed substantial recent of Retail & Distribution Management, the success in obtaining external funding and International Journal of Electronic Business, and participates in a number of regional and the International Journal of Information Science. European research projects. The School For further information, please contact represented the Welsh region (on behalf of the Welsh Assembly Government) in the pan- Professor Michael Williams European UnderStand project. The project [email protected] (funded by the European Union) involved 12 partners in the development and employment of a set of key regional information society indicators to assist in the European-wide 42 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 43

first mass industrialisation in Sweden (about ECONOMICS 1830) to the present day. It will examine the TIME SERIES ECONOMETRICS role of different types of organisation, Members of the School of Business and particularly mutual companies, in offering Economics work in a number of areas of time banking and insurance services to local and series econometrics. In both collaborative and national communities in Sweden. independent research, Professor Steven Cook It will also analyse the role of professionals and Professor Alan Speight have examined such as accountants, actuaries and fund non-linear and asymmetric behaviour in a range managers in managing risks in the Swedish of UK and international economic time series. economy during the late 19th/20th centuries, Using non-parametric analysis and diagnostic and the role of financial and (re)insurance tests of time deformation and time reversibility, markets in the transfer of business risks since the the results of this research have added to a second quarter of the 19th century. growing literature indicating the limitations of standard econometric approaches based upon the assumptions of linearity and symmetry. In further empirical research, Professor Cook has published a series of papers examining the temporal properties of regional house prices in the UK. Much of this research has focussed upon the so called ‘ripple effect’ in the UK housing market, demonstrating use of extended or modified methods and test procedures to FINANCE Development Economics, Journal of Financial have a significant impact upon both the Intermediation, Journal of Futures Markets, detection of this hypothesis and understanding The scholarly interests of the finance group at Journal of International Money and Finance, its exact nature. Swansea University’s School of Business and Journal of Money Credit and Banking, Economics revolve around four main areas of Considering more theoretical research, International Journal of Finance and research: risk management/insurance and members of the School have undertaken a Economics, Journal of Risk and Insurance, derivative instruments (Professor M B For further information, please contact variety of research projects in the general area Review of Development Economics and Adams/Professor A E H Speight/Dr M J of unit root analysis. Recently, Dr Dimitrios Review of Economics and Statistics. Professor Mike Adams Buckle/ Dr P Evans), international finance and Vougas has examined the properties of [email protected] financial development (Dr K Mouritides/Dr R Researching Sweden’s financial invariant and Lagrange Multiplier based unit Arabsheibani/Dr O Ouattara/Dr P Evans), services sector root tests, in addition to providing a simplified financial market microstructures (Professor A E Professor Mike Adams will join colleagues theoretical approach to examine the properties H Speight/Dr M J Buckle/Dr P Evans), and from the Norwegian School of Economics of estimators in the case of unit root financial mathematics and statistics (Dr A and Umeå University in Sweden to undertake autoregression. Dr Vougas has also extended Jalali-Naini/Dr D Vougas). a three-year project to research Sweden’s his previous work on the use of smooth transition unit root testing to produce a new The finance group is one of the most prolific financial services sector. The team, which is class of tests based upon the logistic function. university-based finance/financial economics headed by Associate Professor Magnus In collaboration with Professor Cook, the groups in the country in terms of scholarly Lindmark of the Norwegian School of smooth transition unit root framework has been research outputs per member of staff. For Economics, is funded by the Wallander further developed to incorporate momentum- example, since 2001 the finance group’s Foundation, part of Swedish commercial threshold autoregressive (MTAR) modelling, research has been published, or been bank Handelsbanken. The team has been thereby producing a class of tests which allow accepted for publication, in over 50 leading short-listed for further funding from Sweden’s examination of the unit root hypothesis in series international academic journals including: central bank, Sverige Riksbank. exhibiting both structural change and Applied Financial Economics, Economica, Among other things, the project will look at the asymmetric behaviour. In addition to deriving Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of link between financial institutions (banks and the properties of the resulting tests, their Business Finance and Accounting, Journal of insurers) and economic growth from the time of 44 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 45

relevance has been established via application Finally, additional research within the School Returns to Education Dynamic Incentive Schemes to UK data. In related research the behaviour has addressed more general econometric Dynamic incentives arise when the of smooth transition unit root tests has been issues such as the comparison of econometric constraints confronted by a decision-maker examined by considering their properties in the models, data-based model selection vary according to the decision-makers’ past presence of mis-specified structural change, an procedures and progressive approaches to behaviour. A practical example is given by issue of importance for applied researchers. econometric modelling. the design of some sick-pay schemes This body of work complements independent whereby workers suffer a penalty if their research by Professor Cook which has For further information, please contact record of absenteeism violates some pre- employed numerical simulation analysis to Professor Steven Cook specified rule. Another example is the British establish the properties of modified, higher [email protected] power unit root tests and threshold-based unit driving licence, where the penalty for speeding is £60 for a person with less than root tests under a variety of empirically relevant LABOUR ECONOMICS GROUP circumstances. 10 points on their licence and a driving ban Labour Economics represents a major for a person with 10 or more. Despite their A further topic in time series econometrics research area within the School of Business widespread prevalence, experience related which has attracted the attention of researchers and Economics. Most of the research contracts like these have been subjected to within the School of Business and Economics, undertaken by labour economists in the little or no formal analysis. However, is the notion of cointegration. Alongside testing School is applied in nature and has a research currently under way in the School is of the unit root hypothesis, cointegration strong public policy focus, which has now changing this by building a general analysis occupies a central position in the attracted support from several government structural model of experience related econometrics literature. In collaborative The rapid expansion of higher education and departments and agencies including the contracts, which provides insights into both research, Professor Cook and Dr Vougas have the imminent arrival of University ‘top-up’ fees Department of Trade and Industry, the the way such contracts work and how they developed a new test for the presence of have revived academic interest in assessing the Department of Work and Pensions, the Low should be designed. cointegration between economic and financial Pay Commission, and the Sector Skills returns to a University education. Recent time series which has been shown to possess Development Agency. In 2001 the School research in the School, therefore, has estimated Dynamics of the National Minimum greater power than the single equation test of secured core funding from the European the financial return to first degrees, Masters Wage cointegration routinely employed by Degrees and PhDs by broad subject groups Social Fund (ESF) to establish the Welsh There has been a National Minimum Wage practitioners. Drawing upon the notion of and more narrowly defined disciplines. The Economy Labour Market Evaluation and (NMW) in operation in the UK since April weighted symmetric estimation, Professor Cook results reveal considerable heterogeneity in Research Centre (WELMERC), which 1999, and its introduction has stimulated and Dr Vougas have shown this newly returns to different degree programmes, and maintains strong links with policy makers in widespread interest in the affect it has had proposed test to be more robust than contrary to the figures cited in the recent the National Assembly for Wales and on a range of economic outcomes including alternative tests. Government White paper on the future of provides a focus for applied labour employment, earnings inequality, access to higher education, suggest that the financial In an examination of the behaviour of unit root economics research within the School. training, and hours worked. However, little Funding for the Centre was extended in benefits available to students may have been tests in the presence of generalised has been done so far on the labour market August 2004. overstated. autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity dynamics of the NMW, even though the (GARCH), Professor Cook has complemented There is a wide diversity of labour market A typical male (female) graduate can expect time people spend on the NMW and the activities of other members of the School research currently underway within the to see their career earnings increase by whether it acts as a stepping stone to higher undertaking research in the area of empirical School, and examples of this work include £141,539 (£157,982) relative to what they wages or as an indictor of a low wage-no finance. In this research, properties of the following projects: could expect to earn had they not gone to wage cycle have important implications for modified, asymmetric and non-linear unit root university. Whilst this is considerably lower social policy and the eradication of poverty. than the figure of £300,000 used by the tests have been derived in the presence of The research which was sponsored by the alternative forms of volatility exhibited by Government during the debate on the Low Pay Commission as part of its on going financial time series data. The results of the introduction of variable tuition fees, it evaluation programme found that while there numerical analysis involved in this research represents a significant financial return., is evidence of employment persistence at the have been employed to explain recent findings which under current charging arrangements NMW for the vast majority of individuals in the empirical finance literature, providing a would equate to a rate of return for male minimum wage jobs are of a relatively cautionary note for the interpretation and (female) graduates of around 9 (13) per cent short duration and that many exit to better evaluation of studies in this area. per annum. paid jobs. 46 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 47

The Peace Dividend in Northern Ireland using a more recent 2003 SETA dataset. There specification of central bank objectives with process of transition and the optimal choice of is evidence that both applicants and employers centralised wage setting, the influence of the policies to achieve this has been a major Northern Ireland remains a deeply-divided view their cases (over-)optimistically, thereby exchange rate regime on the wage challenge for economists. society. However, on the 28 July 2005 the IRA impeding settlement. Ongoing work builds on determination process, and the performance of announced that its war against Great Britain After 15 years results have been very mixed. this insight, focusing on the divergent views of alternative policy rules in the context of strategic was over and Tony Blair has stated that ‘this Some Eastern European countries have disputants using matched data from previous wage setting. Other completed work, both may be the day when finally, after all the false adjusted rapidly, successfully integrating into a SETA surveys. published and forthcoming, examines the dawns and dashed hopes, peace replaces wider Europe. Others, notably some of the implications of structural uncertainty, in the form war, politics replaces terror on the island of republics of the former USSR have hardly For further information, please contact of imperfect monetary control, for the interplay Ireland’. The armed conflict may be drawing to begun to reform yet. The factors explaining this Professor Phil Murphy between central bank policy choices and union are partly political, but the choice of reform a conclusion, but the struggle to overcome the wage decisions. policy seems to be critical. economic barriers faced by the Catholic [email protected] community within Northern Ireland, which have A related theme of Dr Lawler’s research is the A critical element of the debate has been the fanned the fires of resentment and mistrust MONETARY POLICY role of central bank disclosure policy in rate at which the transition to a market based across religious barriers, is still an issue. influencing macroeconomic outcomes. economy is conducted. Should there be a ‘big- Research within the School has therefore Although greater openness in policymaking bang’ approach requiring the rapid looked at the effects of the Good Friday has been argued by many commentators to liberalisation of state controlled prices, full Agreement on the level of discrimination aid central banks in pursuit of their goals, privatisation of state owned enterprises, against Catholics in Northern Ireland. One key existing theoretical models provide a far from opening the economy to foreign investment etc. message is that Catholics are doing better, so unequivocal endorsement of this view. Such Or alternatively, should a more gradualist religious gaps in both earnings and models typically highlight potentially approach be adopted of ‘planned’ reform, employment opportunities are closing. conflicting forces arising from greater central whereby the state continues to play a major role in the economy. However, the results also indicate that while bank transparency, and Dr Lawler has been Catholic labour market disadvantage is falling examining how the balance of these forces is Privatisation policies have been a particular it has, as yet, not been eliminated. influenced by the structural characteristics of area of research interest in Swansea. the economy, with particular emphasis on the Privatisation programmes are quite unlike Employment Tribunals degree of product market competition and those conducted in developed western Recent research on Employment Tribunals What are the appropriate objectives to set for the economy’s wage bargaining structure. countries in recent years. One key difference is the scale of the undertaking. Instead of focuses on two themes: the role and views of a country’s central bank? Ought monetary Ongoing research in this field is examining privatising a limited number of state owned representatives, and the settlement of claims. In policy to be conducted according to some type the extent to which, and in what ways, the enterprises in the west, transition economies respect of the former, work in the School of rule and, if so, what form should the rule design of monetary policy institutions typically need to transfer whole sectors of the compares the impact of lawyers relative to take? Is transparency in central bank decision- influences the incentives for transparency, economy into private ownerships on a alternative representative types using data from making desirable? These and related issues together with the question of whether relatively small time scale. the 1998 Survey of Employment Tribunal provide the focus of Dr Phillip Lawler’s information provided to the public by the Applications (SETA98). Lawyers are found to research on monetary policy design. central bank acts as a substitute or a This poses numerous problems. A key goal of affect both case duration and the terms of complement to privately acquired privatisation is to generate sufficient revenues to settlement. By virtue of repeat experience One important component of this research information. invest in regenerating the dilapidated representatives are also able to offer unique examines the relationship between the optimal infrastructure of the economy. But simply insights on the workings of the Employment conduct of monetary policy and the degree of For further information, please contact auctioning assets to the highest bidder may be Tribunal system and its agents/agencies, and centralisation of wage bargaining. A key Dr Phillip Lawler an ineffective way of raising funds. Within the conclusion to emerge from this work is that this is the subject of a second paper using the [email protected] country poorly developed capital markets and above dataset, exploring in particular strategic wage setting by non-atomistic unions, limited wealth compared to the number of representatives' perceptions of the role played, that is unions which are sufficiently large to offerings may well act as a constraint. Foreign FIFTEEN YEARS OF TRANSITION and style(s) adopted by Acas conciliation have a non-negligible influence on investment may help here, but that raises the officers. Acas is found to be positively macroeconomic variables, has potentially With the fall of communism we have seen a politically difficult question of how much foreign regarded and its contribution in promoting fundamental implications for the appropriate process of transition towards market based ownership should be permitted. economies in some 29 very diverse countries. settlement considered significant. design of the institutional framework within Another consideration is the efficiency with The scale of change and the associated which monetary policy is conducted. Published which markets operate after the privatisation The second theme examines the factors problems posed for the reforming economies papers have examined the optimal process is completed. A competitive market associated with pre-hearing settlement of cases have been immense. Understanding the 48 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 49

WELSH ECONOMY LABOUR MARKET Wales, like Scotland and England, has EVALUATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE improved its performance since 2000.

WELMERC has four main objectives:- The greatest progress has been in employment; primarily due to a larger 1. To provide dynamic benchmarks for each decline in the unemployment rate and Welsh Unitary Authority as a base from inactivity rate in Wales relative to the rest of which to monitor the effectiveness of Great Britain. Objective One funding; The Objective One area of West Wales and 2. To analyse and report on trends in the Valleys is still at a disadvantage economic data relevant to the Welsh compared to the Objective Three area (East Labour Market such as population profiles, Wales). However, the Objective One area migration flows, skills and qualifications, has performed marginally better than the inactivity, employment, earnings, GDP Objective Three area since 2000, growth rates and business information; particularly in terms of employment, but less 3. To analyse existing and new data sets in relation to human capital. including the Welsh boosts to the Labour The most recent statistics are encouraging in Force Survey and British Household Panel relation to the Welsh Assembly’s desire to Survey in order to inform policies relating close the gap in performance between West to education and training, earnings, Wales and the Valleys and the rest of Wales. unemployment and inactivity, labour benefits the population at large, but the lower direct sales in the former East Germany. All of market discrimination and social inclusion; profits caused by competition are less attractive these policies have implications for government 4. To undertake evaluation analysis of to bidders at the sale stage. Thus, there is the revenue, market competition, unemployment Objective One spending on terms of potential for a trade-off between the goals of and the rate of restructuring with an economy. revenue generation and market efficiency. The large range of comparative experiences impacts on labour market activity and provides a fascinating perspective from which value for money. A variety of different privatization mechanisms to study privatisation and it‘s effects. have been utilized. The Czech Republic for The results of earlier research can be found example adopted a policy of ‘voucher’ Perhaps the most important lesson to be in the discussion papers which may be privatization. Each citizen was allocated learned from the transition process is the accessed at www.swansea.ac.uk/welmerc, vouchers free of charge to enable them to importance of institutions. Rapid change in the in reports for public bodies and in academic participate in privatization. Poor infrastructure absence of appropriate institutional framework publications. Contract research is also was not as much of a concern, but gathering is always problematic. Economic reform needs undertaken provided that it fits with our political support for change was. Giving to work closely with reform in areas such as overall work programme. In the initial funding citizens a stake in reform achieves this goal. property laws, effective corporate governance period this included research for the and bankruptcy laws. Much of this essential In Russia the process often took the form of Economic Research Unit of the Welsh social capital was absent at the outset of the ‘insider’ privatization. Managers and workers Assembly Government, WDA, ELWa, EOC transition process. Furthermore, the constraints were offered ownership rights to their and the Low Pay Commission. of the political environment also need to be enterprises, often at very low prices. The understood to properly asses the effectiveness The main conclusions of a selection of number of potential investors was limited of policy alternatives. The study of the transition research reports of WELMERC include: compared to the scale of the programme, thus process has resulted in a new generation of limiting the possibilities of using auction Benchmarking of the Welsh Labour Market much richer models exploring these issues and mechanisms. Again political support was economists in the School are at the forefront of (L Skilton) necessary to make reforms work and gain these developments. support for the kind of restructuring policies Wales’s labour market performance necessary to allow viable enterprises. For further information, please contact compared unfavourably with the rest of Great Britain throughout the period under A variety of other policies have been Dr James Maw consideration from 1998 to 2005. However, implemented from Gradual sales in Poland to [email protected] 50 School of Business and Economics Swansea University Breakthrough 51

Identifying Barriers to Economic Identifying Barriers to Economic Activity benefits in focusing on the 20% or so who Satisfaction and Establishment Performance in Activity in Wales in Wales, Part II: A Survey of say they would like to work as soon as the Public and Private Sectors (Sloane P J, Economically Inactive People in Three possible or within the next five years. There (Blackaby D, Jones M, Jones R, Latreille P, Latreille P L, Jones M K and Jones R J). Areas of Special Interest may be a need to enhance the current range Murphy P, O’Leary N, and Sloane P) For further information, please contact (Blackaby D, Latreille P, Murphy P, O’Leary of easements, if a major change in job Despite welcome recent improvements in the N and Sloane P) search behaviour is to be achieved. Professor Peter Sloane performance of the Welsh Labour market, [email protected] there is still a great deal to be done in tackling Effective early interventions are required for the problem of economic inactivity. The inactive young men, who have, on average, percentage of the working age population in very low skill levels and a high self-reported Wales that is either in, or actively seeking, rate of ill-health (twice that of young women). employment is lower than in much of the rest The Welsh language and labour market of the UK, although the rates vary markedly inactivity across Wales. Key findings showed that (Blackaby D, Latreille P, Murphy P, O’Leary • Low activity rates in Welsh Unitary N and Sloane P) Authorities tend to be associated with high incidences of Incapacity Benefit claims and This study was undertaken to improve self-reported illness. understanding of the barriers to economic • The likelihood of remaining economically activity of Welsh speakers. Welsh language inactive increases as the time spent inactive speakers are shown to have higher increases. employability and higher earnings than non- Nearly 1,300 interviews were carried out Welsh speakers, though in part this is a • Large urban centres in Wales, as with working age adults (excluding students) result of the former being endowed with elsewhere, tend to be characterised by in three areas of contrasting interest- the better characteristics in demand within the higher levels of in-commuting as opposed Valleys, urban “hotspots” (i.e., areas with labour market. to out-commuting of workers. high inactivity located in proximity to • Differences in economic activity rates generally buoyant labour markets) and The econometric analysis reveals that between Wales and other regions are “cooler” areas (i.e., where inactivity was at personal and household characteristics play due in part to differences in the relatively low levels) an important part in determining the attitudes composition of populations and in part and aspirations of the economically inactive due to differences in the propensity Some basic features were found to be with respect to labour force participation. In towards economic activity shown by important when investigating the factors addition, there is little evidence to support the individuals with similar characteristics. determining inactivity. The major determinant view that those inactive individuals having of male inactivity was ill health, while for • Labour Force Survey data suggest that Welsh language skills behave any differently women it was looking after the family home. approximately three-quarters of inactive from those that do not. Approximately half of men and nearly half of people are neither seeking work nor want women, had not worked for at least ten Future areas of investigation for WELMERC it. Relative to Great Britain as a whole, include research into Benchmarking and Wales has had proportionately more years; and more than two-thirds had no formal qualifications. Most had also joined Objective One analysis, Returns to economically inactive men and women not Education, Equal Opportunities and Social, seeking or wanting work. economic inactivity from employment, not unemployment. Migration & Commuting, Self-employment, • Once economic factors that are likely to Basic Skills, Disabilities, Barriers to influence the incidence of long-term Generally, the inactive were found to be Employment, and Sustainability. sickness have been taken into severely disengaged from the labour market consideration, the incidence of sickness and had poor access to information. The Research is also ongoing in the following claimants in Wales remains higher than in barrieres confronted and concerns expressed areas: The 'Long Tail' of Low Skills in the UK other regions of the UK. were multifaceted and suggest that help must (O'Leary N, Watson D and Sloane P), be tailored to individual needs. Yet, while the Inflows and Outflows from the National economically inactive are a very Minimum Wage (Sloane P J, Murphy P and heterogeneous group, there are potential Jones M K and Jones R J) and Training, Job 53 School Engineering Head of School - Professor Nigel Weatherill www.swansea.ac.uk/engineering School of Engineering

Building on the undoubted strengths and international reputations of the Departments of Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Materials and Mechanical Engineering, the new integrated School of Engineering was formed in 2001. The vision for the School is ‘to provide an excellent research and teaching environment with international recognition for the advancement, dissemination and exploitation of knowledge in engineering and related disciplines’. The School has over 70 academic staff, 50 research staff, 50 support staff and approximately 900 students, of whom 250 are postgraduates.

One of the key themes in the School is to develop a multidisciplinary research and teaching environment that, whilst recognizing traditional subject areas, encourages study and scholarship between disciplines. This approach has already delivered new areas of activity such as a highly successful degree in aerospace engineering that is based upon the expertise drawn from across the School, and a major new initiative in nanotechnology that not only involves staff from within the School but involves collaboration with researchers in the Schools of Medicine and Physical Sciences.

The School is research-led; staff are research active, with many distinguished and recognized in their fields of study, meaning that students are exposed to the latest concepts and ideas generated from research. The new knowledge created by research is exploited through extensive links with industry, business and commerce.

Research within the School is organized into four main centres; Civil and Computational Engineering, Electronic Systems Design, Materials Research and the Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre. Within these centres there are smaller groups, based around specific themes, that have developed their own reputations for high quality research.

This report provides a brief overview of some of the exciting research activities taking place within the School. Some of the articles describe activities for which Swansea is renowned, such as the 5* work in computer modeling and the award winning training programmes in materials engineering, whilst others describe some of the new activity in nanotechnology that is creating widespread international interest. Also included are details of emerging themes for research that have the potential to grow and develop into major research activities of the future.

Professor Nigel Weatherill Head, School of Engineering 54 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 55

metallurgy methods for advanced titanium COMPUTATION alloy structures. In the aerospace industry, computational • Controlled, graded microstructures in aerodynamics is characterised by its demands components to meet conflicting fatigue for rapid simulations, frequently involving and creep requirements. complex geometries, and its requirement for • Aluminium and copper cable technology high levels of accuracy. To address these and advanced composite materials to issues, staff in the Civil and Computational support power generation for a ‘more Engineering Research Centre have devoted electric’ design of aircraft. significant efforts in to the development of Airbus UK is also a major investor in research unstructured mesh techniques for the simulation in the Centre. The important driver for of complex aerodynamic flows. Their work on airframes is a wider application of polymer fully automatic unstructured mesh generators, composite materials. In future, passenger and leading edge unstructured mesh solvers for aircraft are likely to contain in excess of 60% inviscid flows, led to the original version of the by weight of composites. The performance FLITE system for external aerodynamics. This benefits are substantial. A constraint is system had a major impact on the industrial structural integrity of thick sections particularly aerodynamic design cycle, with the time to with regard to the ingress of moisture under undertake complete aircraft simulations being hot wet conditions. Through Airbus and reduced, typically, from several months to a AEROSPACE ENGINEERING research supports 14 postgraduate students European Framework 6 funding, the few days. The FLITE system was also employed Scattering of electromagnetic waves by MATERIALS and 5 research staff. The research projects Materials Research Centre is providing a at Swansea to enable the process of realistic industrial objects cover all aspects of the engine from the large solution. The research involves mechanical aerodynamic design for ThrustSSC, the vehicle The aerospace industry provides some of the front end fan, through the compressor and characterisation of composites conditioned that took the World Land Speed Record most demanding challenges for materials combustor to the turbine. Issues addressed with moisture and the development of a beyond the speed of sound. Over the past engineers. It generates operating conditions include mechanical integrity of titanium and computer modelling capability for predicting decade, funding from the EC, BAE SYSTEMS, that push materials to their limits while requiring nickel alloys, including high performance single the rate of ingress of the moisture and its Rolls-Royce, Airbus, DRA and EPSRC has the same materials to operate safely and crystal turbine blades and advanced powder impact on properties. Airbus is also enabled the continued enhancement of the reliably in service. Since the advent of the metallurgy components, cutting edge supporting research on high strength FLITE system to provide an efficient parallel commercial jet aircraft, the industry has met processing and metal joining technology and steels to support under-carriage applications. implementation and to extend the modelling these challenges through substantial novel composite systems such as abradable This work is exploring structural integrity and range to encompass turbulent flow simulation developments of titanium, nickel and aluminium linings to maintain efficiency within the engine. is consistent with the drive to reduce weight and the solution of problems involving moving alloys, high strength steels and composite boundary components. With European The key UTC research activities encompass: and enhance performance. materials. Enhanced component efficiencies, Framework 6 funding, staff are currently cutting edge aerodynamic performance and • The development of abradable linings that Further collaboration involves the European investigating the improvements, in cost driven weight constraints demand seal the gap between the rotating blades Space Agency and is focussing on titanium computational efficiency and accuracy, that continued research into new, improved alloys and static casings to improve efficiency aluminides and nickel aluminides. The former can be achieved by employing higher order and advanced designer materials. and reduce emission of environmentally are exciting materials with a density half that discretisation methods in the simulation of of steel, a stiffness approaching steel and a The Materials Research Centre is placed at the damaging gases. complex aerodynamic flows. temperature capability that competes with forefront of this new technology. It is the home • Characterisation and prediction of fatigue advanced nickel alloys. They clearly have a The accuracy attainable in realistic to a Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre in critical single crystal nickel blades for huge potential for applications in high aerodynamic flow simulations is often limited (UTC) focussing on the development of new high pressure turbines to support improved performance, light weight structures with the by the turbulence model that is employed. materials, novel processing methods and performance and longer service lives. potential of increasing fuel efficiency and Aerospace companies are increasingly advanced design procedures for gas turbine • Development of an advanced life prediction reducing CO2 emissions. The latter, as simulating flow at off-design conditions e.g. applications. The UTC provides support for modelling capability to support the high electrodes in hydrogen fuel cells, could impact landing, where flaps are deployed at high MRes, PhD and Engineering Doctorate (EngD) temperature operation of titanium alloys. significantly on environmental sustainability. incidence angles. Under these conditions, the students. It is also the pump primer for a wider • Simulation of the combined thermal and flow has significant separation. For separated spectrum of major research projects involving mechanical cycles experienced by ‘hot For further details, contact flow, traditional Reynolds Averaged Navier- the EPSRC, DTI, European Union funding and end’ components through a unique testing Professor W J Evans Stokes (RANS) models become theoretically Rolls Royce/Boeing chevron concept and the associated aerospace supply chain. The flawed and then approaches in which turbulent facility. [email protected] simulation showing how chevrons modify current research portfolio amounts to several eddies are resolved to a greater extent, but not Turbulent flow simulation for full aircraft turbulence million pounds of contract value. In total the • Characterisation of innovative powder configuration 56 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 57

POWER ELECTRONICS AND semiconductor) have exceptional electrical and MICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGIES thermal material properties, and can be used in The Electronics Systems Design Centre electronic devices capable of operating in (ESDC), School of Engineering, is one of the extreme environments, beyond the material leaders in the UK in developing state-of-the-art limits of silicon. These devices will be tens of semiconductor technology for System-on-Chip times smaller and lighter than their silicon Applications. Other key research areas in the equivalents and could be faster switching, have group include development of the wide band- lower conductance losses, be more efficient gap semiconductor materials (SiC and and reduce costs. SiC and diamond diamond) based power semiconductor electronics have a huge potential range of devices together with the application of applications, from transport and aerospace, to power electronics. power conversion. Swansea’s current research is developing novel technology for SiC The Centre has expertise in semiconductor switching devices, which could be device modelling; the TCAD Studio implemented in new hybrid electric vehicles Silicon carbide power devices (www.esemi.com) technology and device (HEVs). This research has been funded by DTI. simulation package, which is used in industry In addition to energy efficiency research, using and universities, came from this research novel semiconductor devices, Swansea is also group. Development of compact models for venturing into renewable energy generation power semiconductor devices has been one of technlogy, using photovoltaic-solar cells. Solar the key research areas for many years. fully modelled, show much promise. The Civil of the response of such systems to lightning power from photo-voltaic (PV) cells is a source Compact models are lower complexity, but yet and Computational Engineering Centre is at strike and electromagnetic pulses. In the Civil of absolutely clean and ‘free’ energy, once the physically based and very accurate, models of the forefront of research in this eddy resolving and Computational Engineering Research technology has been installed. The impact of the power devices dedicated to circuit area and has strong research collaboration Centre, BAE SYSTEMS has supported the photo-voltaic cells has been hindered by their simulation. Electro-thermal physically based relatively low solar to electrical energy with groups at Chalmers University, Sweden, development of a time domain capability for compact device models of the MOSFET, as conversion efficiency and by the cost. The key Boeing Commercial Airplanes and NASA. the modelling of electromagnetics problems well as PiN diode and insulated gate bipolar to making photo-voltaic systems viable is to cut involving complex geometries and features such With the projected demand for air transport set transistors (IGBTs) have been developed, dramatically fabrication costs of cells, and to as wires and thin sheets. This now forms the to double the world aircraft fleet by 2020, it is implemented in commercial simulators such as introduce widespread implementation of solar basic computational platform for becoming urgent to take steps to reduce the PSPICE or SABER, and successfully used by panels in domestic and commercial Silicon carbide hybrid module electromagnetics research within the environmental impact of noise from aircraft at many companies, such as SILICONIX. The infrastructure. Swansea, in collaboration with EPSRC/BAE SYSTEMS jointly funded FLAVIIR take off. Noise can be more than just annoying latest study has engaged researchers in , propose to fabricate low- research project. This is a five year research and can be a contributing factor in certain developing new simulation strategies for cost, large area solar panels, using thin films programme, involving ten UK universities, illnesses, such as hypertension. For this reason, modelling a long scale (minutes) of the real deposited onto inexpensive, high-temperature which aims to develop technologies for a research has recently been initiated in the area time operation of a power inverter system. This stable, plastic and glass substrates. The maintenance free, low cost unmanned air research has been funded by TOYOTA. The of computational aeroacoustics. The major take proposed solar module would also be the first vehicle without control surfaces and without project is now in the final stage and software off noise component is from the turbulence in of its kind to use advanced SiC devices to performance penalty over conventional craft. developed is in the validation stage. It has the propulsive jet of turbine engines which maximise power collection through a highly Within this project, the computational been used to predict operational conditions, implies that, for acoustic related design, the efficient power conversion system. capability is being enhanced, to enable the electrical and thermal, of the power inverter accurate prediction of turbulence is important. modelling of complex materials and the system of the latest PRIUS hybrid car. The construction of System-On-Chip (SOC) is In collaboration with Rolls Royce aero engines, efficient simulation of small scale electrical an ultimate goal of the electronics industry turbulent eddy resolving techniques are being The ever increasing demand for energy, rising features within a large scale environment. because of the significant cost-performance applied to computational aeroacoustics, using prices of oil and gas, and the limited supply of benefits that it offers. In the case of power fossil fuels means the drive for energy efficiency analytical acoustic analogies to obtain Research related to these areas of application control the SOC combines complex control POWER MOSFET Device predicitions of the far field sound. in aerospace engineering has recently received and renewable energy technologies is vital. circuitry and power transistors on the same a considerable boost by the award of a The School’s advanced materials research uses piece of silicon, resulting in lower power Computational electromagnetics is playing an Platform Grant by EPSRC. new semiconductor materials like silicon losses, greater reliability and lower cost. increasingly important role in the aerospace carbide (SiC) and diamond to fabricate state- design process. In this area, typical problems For further details, contact of-the-art electronics. Current technology, based The research in the area of new energy of key concern to the designer of future on silicon, is limited in terms of power handling semiconductor technologies for SOC that will Professor K Morgan aerospace platforms include the prediction of capacity and high temperature operation. SiC lead to more energy efficient products is electromagnetic compatability between [email protected] and diamond (the ultimate power taking place within the School of complex electronic systems and the prediction Engineering. A range of novel, highly 58 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 59

efficient, isolation structures which separate are modelled using self consistent Schodinger injection moulding, an emerging technology COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE the high voltage transistors on the chip from and Poisson solvers which include electronic with significant advantages. This is in Computational Materials Science is a rapidly the low voltage logic circuits is being drift, diffusion and recombination. Again these collaboration with several companies and the expanding discipline which aims to create investigated. There is ongoing research on solvers can be applied to all quantum structures where experimental work computer-based models of a wide variety of the development of a novel MEMS-based from quantum dots, quantum wires to bulk will be carried out. engineering processes with which scientists SOI isolation structure in conjunction with the semiconductors. Research also focusses on the Companies collaborating in recent and current German companies PROTRON and X-Fab. dynamic properties of optoelectronic devices can design manufacturing systems and be projects include: Koemmerling Kunststoffe (PVC This structure can be used for the integration using rate equation models with realistic able to predict subsequent component profile extrusion); Cooper Standard (rubber of very high voltage transistors. calculations of electron scattering and current performance over their service lifetimes. This leakage paths. These calculations permit the profiles); Cinpres Gas Injection (equipment and field of activity is inherently multiscale in nature Researchers are also participating in the static and dynamic operating characteristics of technology licensing), Schulman Plastics and therefore scientifically very challenging. Wave Dragon multinational project that has a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic (material supply); Birby’s (plastics moulding); Materials scientists must be aware of potential to harness Wales’ significant marine devices to be modelled. Asset International (polyethylene pipe); Fluent processes occurring on length scales ranging energy resources to provide clean renewable Europe (CFD software). from the atomic level (nanometres) all the way energy. The Wave Dragon unit is an offshore For further details, contact up to the macroscopic level (metres). Similarly, floating device that works by channeling For further details, contact processes may occur over time scales of waves into a reservoir which is situated Dr P Igic Dr J Sienz fractions of a second up to several decades. above sea level. The water is then released [email protected] In the Materials Research Centre, researchers through a number of turbines and generates [email protected] are active at all length and time scales electricity in the same way as hydro power deploying a wide array of computational plants. The ESDC is involved in the project MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES GRAIN BOUNDARY ENGINEERING modelling techniques in collaboration with through the development of a power inverter POLYMER PROCESSING SIMULATION numerous industrial organisations. system that will convert the power from the Located within the Microstructural Studies AND DESIGN generators into the form that can be supplied group is specialised expertise for To give some examples, novel Finite Element to the national grid. The main research areas of the Polymer development and application of Electron codes are under development for Airbus Processing Simulation and Design Group are Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning In addition to these activities in the ESDC, the which can simulate the ingress of moisture developing computer simulations of plastics electron microscope. This technique has Theory Group within the Multidisciplinary into composite aircraft components, e.g. revolutionised methods for characterising and Nanotechnology Centre in the School of processing operations, and applying wing-box sections. This is of vital commercial quantifying materials. EBSD is used for Engineering has over 15 years’ experience in mathematical optimization methods to the and environmental importance and will lead ‘orientation mapping’ a surface. the calculation of the electrical and optical design and operation of processing equipment. to better design, reduced aircraft weight, properties of semiconductor devices. Supported by production-scale experimental Research in the Microstructural Studies group reduced fuel costs and importantly reduced work carried out with industry and other is also involved with ‘grain boundary harmful emissions into the environment. New At the atomic level it is possible to determine universities, these lead to improved engineering’, which is the manipulation of Kinetic Monte Carlo models (operating at the electronic band structure of materials using understanding of processes, improved interfacial structure in metals and alloys to the nano-scale) are being developed in a wide variety of techniques including tight equipment design, more efficient production produce a material which has improved collaboration with the European Space binding, pseudopotential, k.p methods etc. and reduced development costs. Recent resistance to intergranular degradation such Agency to simulate the production of These techniques can be employed on multi- projects include: computerized optimization of as cracking or corrosion. This is an catalytic metallic powders which will be Atomistic simulation of the leaching of Raney dimensional structures from atomic cluster profile die design in collaboration with leading important aspect of material performance in used in the next generation of fuel cells. NiAl catalytic powders using the Kinetic quantum dots through to bulk semiconductors. PVC and rubber profile manufacturers; Monte Carlo method service. Materials studied include austenitic Also, a range of electro-thermo-mechanical simulation of the downstream calibration Using the information on the electronic structure stainless steel (316), ferritic steels, models are being used for simulation of process in profile extrusion; and process of the semiconductor material, it is possible to commercially pure titanium and commercially numerous materials processing routes for intensification in thermoplastics injection calculate the various optical recombination rates grain boundary engineered copper. At steel manufacture with Corus as well as moulding, funded by The Carbon Trust with the and hence describe the operation of optical present there are three EPSRC grants, with novel micro-scale models of material amplifiers, semiconductor lasers and light objectives of improved energy efficiency and additional support from BNFL Magnox degradation due to corrosion during service. emitting diodes. These calculations include productivity. A further major area is fluid Electric and Rolls Royce. International many body effects such as Coulomb assisted injection moulding. Software For further details, contact collaborators on the research are Carnegie enhancement of the optical recombination, developed for the simulation of gas-assisted Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. Professor S G R Brown carrier dephasing and band gap injection moulding, where high pressure gas is [email protected] renormalisation. The Group also models the injected after the molten polymer to form hollow For further details, contact effects of optical wave-guiding in these devices. articles, has been applied in consultancy with companies in the UK, Europe, America, Professor V Randle. To compliment these electronic and optical Australia and the Far East. In a new project this property calculations, semiconductor devices [email protected] work is being extended to water-assisted 60 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 61

nanoparticles as observed by STM imaging. aspects of the work are based on new This allows the production of modified rheometrical and NMR spectroscopic surfaces where patterns can be written on to approaches to studying clot properties. a surface with a spatial resolution limited by Special significance is being given to the the size of tip and the nanoparticles, 8nm in ability to distinguish between differences in this case. It is also possible to selectively clot microstructure and corresponding erase the features on the surface using the changes in the mechanical performance of STM tip under reverse bias. The pattern clots. This experimental work is now being remains for up to three weeks and therefore supported by a new effort in the numerical opens the door to applications such as simulation of the evolution of clot Left to right, Professor Richard B Davies Vice Above: Professor Rhodri Williams and Dr Adrian patterned nanoscale catalysis, molecular microstructures and their relationship to Chancellor, Professor Sir David King Chief Evans in the new Haemorheology Laboratory. Scientific Adviser to HM Government, Professor docking and even ultra-high density analogue complex fluid flow environments. Nigel Weatherill and Professor Steve Wilks. data storage. PORTABLE ARTIFICIAL LUNG The research initiated with the gas sensing A unique project involving the University, the project has again recently branched off in Swansea NHS Trust and Swansea-based another direction with the successful growth Haemair Ltd is developing a pioneering and AFM characterisation of SnO2 and ZnO artificial lung that has the potential to nanobelts. These structures will form the basis of transform the lives of millions of people new ultra-sensitive diagnostic sensors for around the world. medical applications in cancer detection. The device, a blood/air mass exchanger, MULTIDISCIPLINARY NANOCRYSTALLINE SNO2: FROM For further details, contact integrates with the body’s respiratory system NANOTECHNOLOGY CENTRE GAS SENSING TO NANO-SCALE Professor S P Wilks and is designed to breathe for conscious, CHARGE WRITING. mobile patients whose lungs are damaged or Engineering at the nanometre scale is one of [email protected] the greatest challenges known to modern man The SnO2 gas sensing project initially ran diseased. As a portable device, it will allow and has the potential to revolutionise the way patients to recover outside Intensive Care from October 2000 to October 2003 but it BLOOD CLOT RESEARCH. we live our lives, from star trek-like gadgets has branched off in several directions which Units and therefore offers a better quality of through to site specific medical diagnosis and are still active. Highlights include the highest 2005 saw the inauguration of a collaboration life. It will also lead to substantial cost drug delivery within the human body. resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy between EPSRC, the School of Engineering, savings: it is estimated that the device could the Medical School and the Swansea NHS save the NHS hundreds of millions of pounds The Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (STM) images of SnO2 gas sensors, and the Trust in the area of blood clot research. This each year. (MNC) was founded in 2002 based on strong experimental confirmation of a theoretical new initiative involved the recent opening of a and rapidly growing nanotechnology activities prediction using STM. The gas sensor project The project is led by the University’s EPSRC Constant current STM image of charged dedicated laboratory at Morriston Hospital as at Swansea and supported by significant also led to the discovery that the 8nm funded Complex Fluids and Complex Flows SnO2 nanocrystals acquired at a tip voltage part of the establishment of the EPSRC Portfolio financial investment from HEFCW, the Royal particles used in the gas sensing experiments Portfolio Partnership, which in turn is of –3V and tunnelling current of 0.3 nA. The Partnership Division of Clinical Haemorheology Society/Wolfson Foundation and SRIF2. The could be charged by injecting electrons from exploiting growing expertise in colour z-scale ranges from 0 to 8nm. The dots (Haemorheology is the science of blood flow). have been written by applying a -6V pulse on Centre was officially opened by Professor Sir the STM tip. This was showcased on the NanoMedicine in the Multidisciplinary The research addresses the need to develop the tip for 100µs with the feedback loop off, David King, Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Omicron Nanotechnology website. The Nanotechnology Centre. spelling out MNC and SIL highlights of this remarkable discovery are improved methods for the early detection of Government, on 10th January 2006. The project team includes expertise in clinical summarised below: blood clots and to establish new spectroscopic The Centre has quickly established itself. It is techniques to study their structure. The new research in blood clotting, based at the NHS now the spearhead of the nanotechnology The drive towards nanotechnology has laboratory at Morriston will significantly Haemorheology Laboratory in Morriston activity across the University and the whole of emphasised the need to engineer the enhance the clinical relevance of the work. Hospital. Haemair Ltd, based at the Technium Wales, and involves more than 30 properties of surfaces in unprecedented Digital at the University, is working with the Blood clots are a major cause of academics from a range of disciplines detail. Here, we report the modification of team to provide innovative solutions to ensure cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks (engineering, physics, chemistry, biology and nanocrystalline SnO2 surfaces using the tip that production of the new device is feasible, and strokes, and claim the lives of one in five medicine). A central suite of laboratories of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to cost-effective and commercially practicable. inject electrons into individual 8nm SnO2 people. The work at Swansea seeks an houses state-of-the-art facilities and has Worldwide, approximately four million nanocrystals. The surface displays a improved understanding of the relationship access to a plethora of techniques and people die every year of Acute Respiratory characteristic consistent with charge retention between the structure of clots and their facilities throughout Wales with our partners Infection. If respiration could be supported 4x4 µm2 AFM image of type 1 and type 2 within the grains producing dramatic mechanical properties – most importantly nanobelts, with the type 1 nanobelt crossing in the Pan-Wales Nanotechnology initiative without lungs for a few weeks, many enhancements in the effective height of the their elasticity and viscosity. The experimental over the thicker type 2 that the Centre co-ordinates. Diagram of the portable artificial lung 62 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 63

infections would recover. In the medium term, Portfolio Partnership in Complex Fluids and and particulate materials in process for parallel implementation of the solution the device being developed at Swansea Complex Flows. This is concerned with the engineering and geomechanics are typical procedures. In this respect, the use of offers a bridge to transplant, meaning that exploration of the extensional rheology of examples of inherently discrete systems. The commodity PC clusters is particularly attractive, people face the operation fitter and with a inks, including particle laden systems and ink problems often consist of an excessively large but implementation is not trivial due to the greatly increased chance of survival. In the substrate and ink layer interactions. The number of individual particles in which the continually evolving problem topology requiring longer term, the device offers an alternative investment through the WAG and EPSRC overall behaviour is determined by the motion that dynamic domain decomposition strategies to transplantation, giving hope to sufferers places the group in a leading position to of these particles that involves interaction mainly based on incremental migration of data from emphysema and cystic fibrosis. tackle the new challenges of through adhesive/cohesive/frictional contact. between processors must be employed to micromanufacture by printing. maintain load balancing. The research was presented to MPs at a There is a compelling advantage in employing House of Commons Select Committee on For further details, contact combined finite/discrete element solution Figure 1 shows the flow of a particulate Science and Technology in June 2006. strategies to model discrete/discontinuous material through a screw extruder. Some 1. Screw extruder Dr T C Claypole systems. Discrete element methods (DEM) are 250,000 particles are contained in a hopper For further details, contact [email protected] based on the concept that individual material and are then fed into the extruder system. This Professor P R Williams elements are considered to be separate and example illustrates, in particular, the complexity [email protected] are (possibly) connected only at discrete points of the contact detection requirements. Figure 2 MULTI-FRACTURING SOLIDS AND along their boundaries by appropriate shows the simulation of a dragline bucket PARTICULATE MEDIA physically based interaction laws. Originally, operation. The bucket is modelled using 3D 3. Impact on reinforced concrete plate PRINTING AND COATING RESEARCH The last decade or so has witnessed each element was assumed to be rigid in the finite elements and the rock material is The Printing and Coating research group is considerable interest in the development of classic DEM, but the more recent incorporation represented by locally clumped particles, to concerned with understanding the processes techniques suited to the modelling of of deformation kinematics into the discrete provide the angularity necessary to represent and material parameters that impact on the engineering problems that exhibit strong element formulation has lead naturally to the correct physical response. The aim is to quality of image and film transfer. This is discrete/discontinuous phenomena. The combined finite/discrete element approaches. improve both the design life and the payload being explored in graphics applications and problems concerned include: the progressive By modelling the continuous to discrete of the bucket. Figure 3 shows the replication increasingly in micro-manufacture by printing, separation/failure of continua, inherently transformation involved in material fracture of the Sugano test in which a reinforced including flexible electronics, displays and discrete (particulate) systems, and a combination explicitly, a physically more realistic concrete plate is dynamically loaded by a sensors. Research funded through the Welsh of continuous and discrete media. Furthermore, representation is obtained. This results in the lumped mass-spring system, intended to Assembly Government (WAG) has in several applications of industrial relevance, significant benefit that the constitutive simulate the impact of the components of an broadened industrial interaction and the presence of an additional phase, either description of the entire process becomes more aircraft engine. The resulting fracture patterns 2. Dragline bucket supported work in five key technology areas gaseous, liquid or both, often controls the tractable and requires a reduced number of and failure mode correspond well with in the printing industry. Assigned the acronym behaviour of the system. Some of the most material parameters that can all be identified experimental observations. DIPLE, this includes Digital, Industrial and recent advances in the computational treatment from standard experimental tests. This is Current developments are being undertaken to Packaging printing and also seeks to apply of continuum/discontinuum problems involving important for many quasi-brittle materials, such couple finite/discrete element technology with Lean manufacturing and Environmental fluid interaction are summarised below. as rocks and concrete, where the acquisition of other physics fields. Areas involving the principles and to work closely with this reliable material data is difficult. Many industrial and scientific problems involve modeling of ground water flow through industry. This has led to a large number of multi-fracturing phenomena characterised by a Besides their discrete/discontinuous nature, the fracturing rock masses include slope stability collaborative industrial research projects. transformation from a continuum to a problems concerned are characterised by the problems, the performance of underground With WAG and industrial contribution, discontinuous state. The problems are initially following additional features: they are often structures, hydraulic fracturing in oil recovery printing research has been underpinned represented by a small number of continuous highly dynamic with rapidly changing domain and block caving operations. The essential through investment in new laboratory space regions prior to the deformation process. configurations, sufficient discretisation resolution feature of such problems is the interaction and dedicated facilities, including new During the loading phase, the bodies are is required; and multi-physics phenomena are between the rock fracturing process and the metrology and a narrow web research press progressively damaged and modelling of the involved. The domination of contact/impact flow of water both through individual rock that is suitable for undertaking research into subsequent fragmentation may result in possibly behaviour also gives rise to a very strongly non- blocks and along joint systems. In rock micromanufacture by printing. This is an three to four orders of magnitude more bodies linear response. For problems exhibiting multi- blasting applications coupling takes place unique facility within the UK. The research by the end of the simulation. These fracturing phenomena, the necessity of frequent through interaction between the gas pressure group hosts the EPSRC network funded on phenomena can be found in applications such introduction of new physical cracks and/or due to explosive detonation and the Integrated Manufacture by Printing, drawing as masonry or concrete structural failure, adaptive re-meshing at both local and global progressively fracturing rock. Effective solution together the key research groups across the mineral comminution, rock blasting in open levels adds another dimension of complexity. is provided by superposing a background UK concerned with fabrication of electronic and underground mining and the All these factors make the simulation of a Eulerian grid, for the gas pressure prediction, components by printing. This is being fracture/penetration of ceramic or glass-like realistic application to be extremely over the Lagrangian mesh used for fracture coupled with the work within the EPSRC materials under high velocity impact. Granular computationally intensive leading to the need modeling. The coupling takes place through 64 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 65

an interdependence between the evolving gas in some senses optimised to solve that specific mechanical performance and excellent pressure distribution driving the fracturing class of problems. For multi-physics interactions, environmental resistance. This work was process which, in turn, provides the porosity not only do we have to find ways of defining initially conducted in conjunction with a Welsh distribution which controls the gas pressure. the physics of the interactions through the SME involved in collection and is now Figure 4 shows the computational modelling of mathematical formulation, but also expanding into full-scale product manufacture. a blasting operation in which fragmentation of implementing this within the software solver a rock mass is undertaken by the sequential tools in a numerically sound fashion. When it For further details, contact detonation of a series of explosive charges. comes to multi-scale phenomena, we need to Dr D H Isaac 4. Bench blasting operation The principal objective of the simulation is to define ways to capture the interactions involved [email protected] design a process with controlled particle size both mathematically and also numerically. distribution and extent of material throw. Work has progressed for many years to RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM TIDAL Particle transport problems for large particles develop a range of numerically compatible STREAM TURBINES can conveniently employ a Lattice-Boltzmann approaches to simulating specific phenomena (LB) procedure to model the fluid flow. Key The idea of harnessing tidal streams relies on that enables their closely coupled interactions to modelling issues involved in this coupled the same principles as a wind-turbine, in that a be effectively captured – that is to both capture solution strategy include the standard LB rotor spins to generate electricity. However, the physical interactions and also to do so in a formulation for fluid flow, the interaction instead of wind driving the rotor, a tidal stream computational stable fashion. Understandably, between fluid flow and particle/domain turbine uses water. Fast flowing water is found these calculations can be very computer boundaries as well as inter-particle contact. in rivers, estuaries and tidal flows and its intensive, and so a part of the research Figure 5 illustrates modelling of the collection of energy can be converted by the turbine into programme has involved the development of Swanturbines Ltd: energy from tidal streams rock particles from the seabed by a vacuuming collaborative research projects with a number electricity to power factories and homes. strategies and tools to enable running of these system. This procedure now accounts for a of local and national companies, environmental multiphysics tools effectively on high The long-term world market for tidal stream 5. Particle transport within a fluid medium large proportion of diamond mining and organisations and local authorities to address performance computing systems. power generation is estimated between £115 computational simulation is essential for the various problems associated with recycling and and £444 billion. The Carbon Trust estimate development of efficient equipment and Recent examples of multi-physics applications some examples are outlined below. the UK tidal market to be £4 billion, providing operating procedures. include aircraft flutter – where potentially Nearly 50 million tyres (weighing ~500,000 about 3% of the UK capacity or 2.5GWe. catastrophic oscillations in the wing are The topic of continuous/discrete computational tonnes) are disposed of in the UK each year They also suggest that with significant induced by the passing fluid, the behaviour of modelling offers significant potential for the and legislation prohibits landfilling since July economies of scale, the technology can be parachutes, the extrusion of metals where the simulation of a wide range of scientific and 2006. New techniques are being investigated cost competitive with fossil fuel generation. workpiece is forced through a deforming die engineering problems, ranging over many for incorporating crumbed recycled rubber into and simulation of 9/11 type scenarios where Following a concept deployment in the River physics length scales, and promises to be an new products, in collaboration with Flooring one body collides with another at high speed. Tawe in 2004, a nine partner industrial exciting area of future research activity. Technologies Ltd. Although the ultimate aim is to In the context of multi-scale modelling current recycle the rubber crumb back into new tyres consortium was formed to undertake cost For further details, contact research includes predicting segregation and and hence close the loop, safety concerns optimisation and design of a 350kW grain structure in solidifying alloys, and the demonstration device. A £4m project to build Professor D R J Owen dictate that much more confidence is required analysis of reactive porous media systems in the new material specification. Thus research and install the device is underway, with [email protected] within the context of metals recovery. is initially being targeted at products for less deployment in 2008. Partners include safety critical applications, such as rubber multinational CB&I, Ledwoods Mechanical For further details, contact flooring, and already the required specification Engineering, Titan Environmental Surveys and MULTI-PHYSICS AND MULTI-SCALE Professor M Cross has been met with up to 40% recycled rubber Camplas Technology. MODELLING [email protected] incorporated into the mixture. This is a new high value, high tech, export Multi-physics and multi-scale simulation market. UK companies currently lead the field, represent considerable challenges as they Agriculture generates waste plastics, including Swanturbines Ltd. a spinout company involve not only the mathematical description of particularly from various packaging sources ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH from Swansea University's School of a range of specific physical phenomena but such as fertiliser bags, silage wrap, etc. MATERIALS RECYCLING Engineering with technology developed in also capturing their interactions, and the Research has shown that advantage can be Wales to exploit this opportunity. additional challenge of capturing the behaviour In recent years sustainability has become an taken of highly oriented polypropylene ribbons in the woven sacks by sandwiching them across highly disparate time and length scales issue of widespread international concern to For further details, contact the extent that recycling of materials is now one between layers of recycled polyethylene which Traditionally the numerical solution procedures Dr I Masters. of the most significant challenges of the 21st can be melted to form a reinforced composite developed for each physical phenomenon Century. The University has established material with significantly enhanced [email protected] (e.g. flow of a fluid, stress in a solid body) are 66 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 67

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS cladding materials which generate electricity by The Water Research Group is focusing on a EMERGING exposure to sunlight. Here a form of range of important aspects. A major effort is RESEARCH/TECHNOLOGIES Coated steel products are of immense photovoltaic coating is being developed which being directed towards drinking water safety significance to society through their widespread BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOCOMPOSITES will be applied as a ‘paint’ and if an efficiency planning, to define acceptable levels of use in food packaging, domestic appliances, of just 5% is achieved in energy conversion 1 simplicity/complexity, to determine the Polymers and composites derived from plants cars and buildings. To illustrate the scale of years production will generate over 1% of the adequacy of current water catchment planning have advantages in that they come from production of such materials, the UK steel UK electricity requirement. Further functionality is processes and the possible impact of climate sustainable sources and can be industry produces over 1 million tonnes of pre- being explored in self repair coatings, systems change, and to determine a risk assessment biodegradable. Presently, they tend to be used finished (painted) steel annually for the with self-thermostatting capability (to reduce system that can also be used in the simulation for short term packaging applications, but construction industry, two thirds of which is building air conditioning costs) and a system to of water quality incidents for training purposes. research is underway to understand their used purely for covering buildings (equivalent to remove contaminants from rain water to allow This work involves several water companies weathering behaviour to allow longer-term and 100 million m2). The continuing challenge is its use in buildings reducing the demand for and liaison with the Environment Agency. outdoor usage in the agriculture, construction to produce such materials at reasonable cost, potable water. New coating technologies are and automotive sectors. Collaborative with lifetimes in excess of 30 years and with This major research initiative is being supported also being investigated including application of research with local industry and the Universities minimal environmental impact. Over a ten year by the development of a multi-stage water paint in a similar fashion to a photocopier and of Bangor and Warwick is underway to period of collaborative research between treatment model that incorporates 3D flow the use of plasma and chemical vapour establish methods of controlling and predicting Corus, Swansea University and the coating analysis and probability assessment (in deposition to provide unique interfaces for the life of such materials. manufacturers a new generation of multi layer collaboration with WRc), by the deterministic subsequent coating. products have been developed. This work has modelling of phytoplankton in water supply For further details, contact been co-funded by EPSRC (£2 million since For further details, contact reservoirs (working with several water Dr J C Arnold 1996) and research grant income for companies) and by the simulation of lead and [email protected] equipment and personnel worth £600,000 is Dr D A Worsley copper emissions from domestic pipes. currently in place for the next 5 years. [email protected] Additionally, a major research programme has been initiated in the removal of ADVANCED COMPOSITES By adding aluminium and magnesium to the Cryptosporidium oocysts in the treatment of zinc galvanising bath using a unique WATER RESEARCH The development of novel high performance swimming pool waters and related pool £400,000 hot dipping simulator a new materials introduces demanding requirements management issues, supported by the UK’s galvanising coating has been developed for mechanical characterisation. This is clearly Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group. which is now in production. The corrosion illustrated by current research within the Materials Research Centre at Swansea into the resistance of this layer is improved by corrosion For further details, contact inhibitors in the paint. Traditionally strontium fatigue and creep performance of advanced Dr C R Hayes chromate has been used which is toxic and ceramic matrix composites. These systems offer carcinogenic. A new class of ceramic based [email protected] excellent high temperature capability, as high ion exchange pigments based on bentonite as 1400˚C, which must be replicated in the clays are currently in the final testing phase laboratory setting. Swansea is leading the which can act as smart release agents to evaluation of both “high end” aerospace release non toxic corrosion inhibitors in controlled amounts. The colour stability and release of plasticiser molecules has also been optimised using the latest analytical techniques such as FTIR Raman microscopy as well as unique testing methods developed within the university which can indicate stability issues within six hours where normal testing takes 2000 hours. This is allowing the industrial At the 2002 Earth Summit, the only topic the partner to offer environment friendly materials world’s leaders could agree on was water, to with increased durability. attempt to halve the world’s sanitation deficit by 2015. This daunting challenge requires Over the next ten years the focus is research into new technologies as well as functionality. The partnership between the ways to optimise existing infrastructure, with coatings industry, the university and the steel additional emphasis on risk identification and Fatigue and creep failures in advanced maker is now developing (in partnership with its minimisation. ceramic matrix composites. other leading UK universities) photovoltaic 68 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 69

grades and low cost ceramic variants, in The objective of the human airway project is to Simulated fracture patterns compared with real collaboration with Rolls-Royce who recognise develop a computer modelling tool to improve femur fracture their potential for specialist turbine applications the understanding of human upper airways of the future. using scans. By understanding the airway mechanism it may be possible to better Rolls-Royce has also commissioned research understand the human upper airway related into iron-cobalt metal matrix composites. These diseases such as sleep apnoea, throat cancer unique materials are aimed at future “more and nasal airway blockage. The idea is to electric engine” designs which will incorporate develop a computer model from the scans of electrical generators within the core of the the patients with such problems. compressor. This will impart demanding combinations of stress and temperature on For further details, contact these composites and the Swansea research Dr P Nithiarasu will support their safe operation once in-service. activities could also result in atraumatic factures SCIENTISTS MAKE BREAKTHROUGH IN [email protected] for elderly people. To gain a better FINGERPRINT RECOVERY For further details, contact understanding of femur fractures is undoubtedly TECHNOLOGY important for reducing the injuries and Dr M R Bache NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FEMUR Innovative new technology being developed improving surgical treatments. To date, medical [email protected] FRACTURE: FROM COMPUTED within the Materials Research Centre could observations and surgical experience have TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES TO DYNAMIC play a crucial role in the fight against gun been a cornerstone in the study of fracture FRACTURING PATTERNS crime and terrorism. SELF-DIAGNOSING COMPUTERS patterns and the development of surgical Millions of hip fractures occur around the world X1Recall is the world’s first self-learning, web- implants for fracture stabilization. A method has been devised for retrieving annually, leading to substantial personal fingerprints from metal surfaces such as gun based software designed for discovering The Swansea research group has developed a suffering and social and economic burdens to cartridges and bomb fragments. To date, diagnostic knowledge from historical data. highly advanced numerical modeling system to the society. Traumatic hip fracture can be recovering this evidence has been extremely simulate femoral fractures under various realistic The objective of this project is to use artificial caused by simple falls; while performing daily difficult, as fingerprints on metal surfaces falling conditions. The complexity inherent in intelligence to produce a self-learning and have to be made visible with special the problem presents numerous challenges for self-evolving casting process, which will powders and chemicals that do not work establishing a realistic finite element model for render right-first-time products, and ensure well on the ‘ecrine’ (water-rich) sweat prints femoral fracture. A stack of computed total quality together with flexibility and often encountered. There is the added tomography (CT) scans of a patient’s femur is enhanced productivity. problem that the volatile, organic component first processed to recover its geometry and a of prints can be destroyed by the high X1Recall won the recent regional Technium volumetric finite element mesh is generated. temperatures caused by firing a gun or Challenge competition. It is currently being Then the finite element model is analyzed with detonating a bomb. used by a consortium of froundries and is Finite element mesh all necessary mechanical conditions to obtain actively supported by the Cast Metal dynamic fracturing patterns. The technique being developed overcomes Federation - UK's only Casting Trade these difficulties by exploiting the tiny The above modelling strategy has successfully Association. electrochemical reactions caused when the reproduced fracture patterns consistent with involatile, inorganic salt component of the For further details, contact those seen in clinical practice, and thereby fingerprint sweat deposit comes into contact providing a powerful predictive tool to gain Dr R S Ransing with a metal surface. Using a Scanning further insights into bone fracture mechanisms. [email protected] Kelvin Probe (a device that measures the Various implant treatments and designs can electrical potential of a surface), the changes also be effectively examined. In addition, the caused by these reactions are measured and BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH current modeling strategy can lead to an used to produce an image of the print, even advanced patient-specific fracture risk Among the several areas pursued, finite from surfaces that have been exposed to assessment and treatment system. element modelling of human upper airways is temperatures up to 600ºC. The team has progressing rapidly. The work in this area is For further details, contact already proved that the new technique works being developed in collaboration with with iron, steel, zinc, aluminium and brass and Dr Y Feng clinicians and physicians at Singleton Hospital, can also read prints from a curved surface Swansea. It is an excellent example of [email protected] such as cartridge cases. The overall aim is to applying engineering to healthcare. produce a forensically usable prototype device 70 School of Engineering Swansea University Research Matters 71

based on the new technology. The interaction with industry takes many forms; benefited from a £2.4m upgrade to its facilities include Dr Thierry Maffeis, who has received direct funding for research projects, exchange that included a dedicated research area for a Royal Society University Research Fellowship For further details, contact of research staff, collaborative partnerships in over 50 PhD students and a suite of rooms to investigate novel nanoscale materials Professor H.N. McMurray. networks or as part of larger projects, such as dedicated to the training of masters students. suitable for next generation devices and [email protected] EU Framework Consortia, collaborative use of New high performance computing hardware sensors, and Dr Paul Williams who received specialist equipment, and advisory and that provides support for much of the an Advanced Research Fellowship from EPSRC consultancy services. In addition, an important computational research work has been installed. to study biomolecule and biological PETROLEUM RESERVOIR SIMULATION activity and a central theme of knowledge The Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre nanoparticle properties controlling Petroleum reservoir simulation involves transfer between the School and its industrial benefited from funds from SRIF, the Royal bioseparations. Both Fellowships are for five computing the numerical solution of the partners, is the collaborative training of Society and the Research Capacity Fund of the years yet these researchers have been equations of flow in subsurface reservoirs researchers. In this area the School has a Higher Education Funding Council of Wales appointed immediately to lecturing positions. comprised of a porous medium, e.g. rocks, justified reputation that was further strengthened that totalled over £2.5m. This funding enabled These awards are in addition to a Royal sand and shale. Petroleum reservoir simulation is by a major award from the Engineering and state-of-the-art laboratories to be established and Society Industrial Fellowship held by Professor performed routinely by the major oil companies Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). purpose designed rooms for research staff. Paul Tucker in collaboration with Rolls-Royce and in order to determine the best oil recovery More recently, over £1m has been invested in The School was awarded £5.981m from a new award of Advanced Senior Research strategy in terms of well locations and fluid/gas a refurbishment for the Electronics Systems EPSRC to support its Masters and Engineering Fellowship to Dr P. Nithiarasu who will use the injected. The flow modelling process requires Design Centre. Within these refurbishments a Doctorate collaborative training programmes. five year Fellowship to explore new problems the use of grids that can honour the complex research breakout suite has been created that The total value of the package was £8.8m, and challenges in computational biomedicine. geometries that result from the geological provides researchers from across the School with the difference being made from direct definition of the reservoir and numerical with facilities to meet colleagues in a relaxed In 2006 the School has also been awarded contributions from over 30 companies, with approximation schemes that can faithfully atmosphere, where they can interact with the five RCUK Academic Fellowships. These five CORUS contributing over £1m. The award represent the flow equations on such grids. aim of promoting multidisciplinary collaboration. year Fellowships are intended for high flying builds on the acknowledged excellence of the research assistants who show great potential in The research is focussed on the development of School in providing high quality postgraduate research and developing into distinguished appropriate numerical methods that can training and has secured funding for over 250 RESEARCH FELLOWS academics. Given the profile of these awards, reliably compute physical flow solutions. The studentships over a 4 year period. The School research reputation has been the Fellows will be given academic positions coupled hyperbolic - elliptic flow equation further strengthened by the recent awards of The School is acknowledged for its excellence from the outset. They will be appointed in the system is modelled on structured and distinguished research fellowships to some of in postgraduate training and the funds continue areas of Materials Engineering, Nanomedicine unstructured grids. New finite volume methods its young outstanding researchers. These the highly successful Engineering Doctorate and Biomedical computation. for solving the hyperbolic - elliptic system are programme with CORUS as well as Masters under development together with rock property provisions in power generation/aerospace, upscaling and grid generation techniques. This recycling technology, printing and coating and work is supported by ExxonMobil and EPSRC. computational modelling. In addition the funds For further details, contact have been used to support new masters courses in nanotechnology/nanoscience and in Dr M G Edwards environmental management. [email protected] The award, which is the largest single grant ever made by EPSRC to a Welsh University, COLLABORATIVE TRAINING WITH provides training programmes that cover INDUSTRY technical subjects tailored to meet the needs of specific industry sectors, combined as Engineering at Swansea has a reputation for its appropriate with modules to develop personal, links to industry, business and commerce both in professional, business and managerial skills. Wales, the UK and internationally. Most of the research undertaken is in collaboration with industrial partners and this has been a major INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE contributing factor to the success in attracting significant levels of funding for many years. The Since the School was formed in 2001 over present portfolio of research funding exceeds £6m has been invested in enhancing the £20m within the School. infrastructure for research. In particular, the Civil and Computational Engineering Centre 73 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications Head - Professor Jaafar Elmirghani www.swansea.ac.uk/iat Institute of Advanced Telecommunications

Telecommunications is a field that is sometimes taken for granted, yet it is an industry that dominates our lives, whether in the form of consumer products, such as mobile phones, satellite navigation and interactive television, or in less obvious ways, such as medical research, diagnostics and security. The Institute of Advanced Telecommunications (IAT) is an EU funded collaboration between the University, the Welsh Assembly Government and some of the world’s leading multinational telecommunications companies. Over the next six years, IAT will open up new research in areas that encompass deep space telecommunications, optical systems and networks, wireless communications and telematics. Building on the University’s strengths in engineering, physics, computing and mathematics, IAT will create an environment that focuses on developing products with real industrial and commercial potential. The Institute is a genuine leap forward for telecommunications research and will help to create the next generation of telecommunications applications. Future research at IAT will underpin the teaching and learning environment at Swansea University. New degree schemes, including a range of flexible MSc courses, will be introduced, tailored to meet the research and development needs of telecommunications companies. Ultimately, IAT’s ability to translate research concepts into commercially viable products is a result of the strong network of industry partners – large and small – who provide their support and will ensure that IAT will have an immeasurable impact on our understanding and application of advanced telecommunications. Moreover, using world-class scientific research as a powerhouse for economic regeneration will ensure sustainable, well-paid employment, making South Wales one of the most attractive locations to work in the area of advanced telecommunications. IAT’s true strength lies in its partners. The household names already involved with the Institute demonstrate the value that companies at the forefront of the telecommunications industry place on the opportunity to collaborate with internationally renowned scholars. There is also a number of smaller, les well-known companies, whose partnership and support is nevertheless equally valued; these businesses could well be tomorrow’s industry leaders.

Professor Jaafar Elmirghani Head, Institute of Advanced Telecommunications 74 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications Swansea University Breakthrough 75

RESEARCH PROJECTS seeks to address problems in finding low cost TINA (The INtelligent Airport) techniques of providing broadband delivery to the home/business with high quality of Partners: , UCL, service provision. The project aims to Laing O’Rourke, BAA, Motorola, Ericsson, develop a hybrid fibre/radio access network Red M, Boeing where radio frequency (RF) signalling is used This EPSRC project aims to develop a next for the final crop to the home/business generation advanced wired and wireless supported by backbone fibre links. Home user network to meet the potential requirements for data rates of between 100 Mbit/s and 1 future “intelligent networks”. Airport terminals Gbit/s are envisaged. will increasingly require ubiquitous systems with IRIS (Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics high levels of computational power to provide Scout) the necessary intelligent automation; to provide high quality services to passengers; stringent Partners: Motorola, Traffic Wales, O2, levels of safety and security that are as Writemedia, NextGen, University of unobtrusive as possible; efficient processing of Cambridge commercial goods and luggage; high quality This KEF-funded project looks at ways of information systems; airport transportation delivering enhanced services to motorway systems and appropriate support for in-house users, providing them with live traffic commercial ventures. These requirements will information and triple play services on in-car involve both fixed and mobile appliances, and traffic information terminals or bespoke systems. hence an intelligent, adaptive, self-organising It has the following objectives: and self-managing wired and wireless infrastructure will become an essential asset. This • To research and develop a novel high project therefore seeks to develop a new speed cellular wireless system that operates HETEROGENEOUS IP NETWORKS validation and verification of these complex seamless wireless/wired ubiquitous infrastructure at 70 Mbit/s – 100 Mbit/s with interfaces (HIPNET) ICT networks through a combination of to optical backbone. The system will experimental development and modelling. It able to meet the above requirements. Partners: Ericsson, Freescale, Artesyn, operate in a motorway setting, and will use will focus on traffic modelling and the University of Cambridge, , REACH (Radio-Fibre Enabled Access designs recently conceived by researchers network testing of techniques needed to Highway) at the University. This system will be about economically achieve the required levels of Partners: University of Cambridge, Agilent 30 times faster than 3G cellular systems. This EPSRC/DTI-supported project is run in Quality of Service for multiple services, in Technologies, BT Exact • To design novel medium access control collaboration with Ericsson, Freescale (formerly Next Generation Networks (NGNs), under Motorola Semiconductors), Artesyn conditions of traffic growth and also of protocols capable of sharing the spectrum This is a strategic project, funded through KEF, Communication Products (a software major disruption. This activity is set against among users within the cells with which aims to transform the current company), University of Cambridge, University the background of a step change in appropriate handover procedures. telecommunications broadband market. It of Essex and Aston University. The project, network features which is driving this • To research and develop a high speed in- valued at over £20million over 3.5 years, has additional complexity. car wireless network operating at 400 a telematics strand where future telematics Mbit/s using ultra wide band with networks and wireless systems are modeled A test-bed that contains all the constituent appropriate multimedia interfaces. This will and validated. network components of a NGN is to be developed to validate end to end service be about eight times faster than the current ICT is a substantial part of the UK’s GDP and is delivery. In addition it is important to be able to WiFi standard. of vital importance to the UK economy. In the predict the behaviour of complex networks and past five years the UK has made substantial • To research and develop new algorithms develop rules to ensure that the networks being progress in creating one of the most capable of statistically modelling, analysing built can be scaled to meet the needs of new competitive broadband markets in the world and predicting road traffic based on the and evolving services. This aspect of the and is seeing 3G mobile starting to make a real-time data produced by the inductive network validation can be performed by a real impact on services. All this is leading loops and to integrate the algorithms in the number of modelling activities, which can then towards the UK being a digitally rich economy, hardware with appropriate multimedia be verified by comparison with the results from with ICT becoming all-pervasive in our lives. interfaces. the network test-beds The HIPNet project supports the UK in • To build prototypes that demonstrate the The primary business goal of the HIPNet maintaining this technological lead by results. consortium is to position the UK to exploit and providing knowledge and skills in the 76 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications Swansea University Breakthrough 77

enhance competitiveness and business. basic literacy skills and little knowledge of up the school as an ICT hub, and will work • To carry out system demonstrations in real Primarily this will be achieved by increasing the ICT. Technology ought to be able to do a with children to see how they can help their user environments. direct sales of consortium members to both UK great deal to help these communities to families to use and maintain the technology to To achieve this, the project will bring together and Global operators, and equipment improve food and water security, education best effect. Our aim is to fuse educational a range of expertise in optical devices, manufacturers. An additional benefit of the and health. But what is the right technology and environmental objectives to empower components and systems; optical network HIPNet consortium is that the work is leveraged and how can we help these communities to local communities. architecture and protocols; chip, board, across other sectors such Education, Health use it effectively? This is the question at the This project is of relevance to rural system, software and storage; free space and the Environment. heart of this EPSRC funded project. A team of communities in Africa and beyond, in optical links and electronic manufacturing; UK experts in telecommunications, renewable VILLAGE E-SCIENCE FOR LIFE (VESEL) particular those involved in agriculture and massive content storage and retrieval coupled energy sources, sensor technology, education teaching. The work and findings will be of with access to real storage traffic for trials. It Partners: Motorola, Ericsson, University of and design will work with local experts at interest to local collaborators, for example at will produce a working demonstrator that will Bradford, Nairobi University, organizations such as University of Nairobi, and to teacher training capture the main features studied. aidworld, agricultural information providers In the information and colleges and agricultural bureaus. It will also and teacher training organizations in Kenya. LAMDA USER CONTROLLED communication technology is part of our be of benefit to Commercial and Industrial This collaboration will enable us to define the INFRASTRUCTURE FOR EUROPEAN everyday life from chatting and taking pictures organisations and to the International most urgent information requirements for a RESEARCH (PHOSPHOROUS) on a mobile phone to writing an essay for Research community from disciplines rural farming community and to design the college and being able to buy goods in the interested in Bridging the Global Digital PHOSPHOROUS is a seven million euro appropriate technologies to meet these needs. shops or on-line. The situation for rural Divide issues. A further audience exists EUFP6 funded project involving 22 European This may mean providing sensors to give communities in Africa is very different, where within Local development and Educational partners. A new generation of scientific information about soil quality, cameras to take communities rely upon farming to provide policy makers. applications is emerging that couples scientific pictures of crops or the internet for up-to-date food to eat and sell and yet lack valuable instruments, data and high-end computing weather information and communication with INTEGRATED STORAGE AREA information, for example about their soil, the resources distributed in a global scale. other villages and the world beyond. VESEL NETWORKS (INSTANT) weather forecast or the location of the best Developed by collaborative, virtual will work with trainee teachers to help them to market for their goods. There is also a lack of Partners: University of Cambridge, ALPS communities, many of these applications have use technology within the community and set Electric UK Ltd, and Xyratex requirements such as determinism, shared data spaces, large transfer of data, and latency that The objectives of this EPSRC/DTI-funded are often achievable only through dedicated project are: optical bandwidth (lambdas). • To develop a new form of fibre and free- The advent of high capacity optical networking space high capacity distributed (100 km can satisfy bandwidth and latency requirement, radius), dynamic, reconfigurable optical but software tools and frameworks addressing fibre storage area network. end-to-end provisioning on-demand of • To enhance the performance and bandwidth need to be developed. Furthermore, reconfigurability of the network using this should be done in coordination with recently developed low cost WDM provisioning other resources (CPU and storage) technologies with a typical wavelength and span multiple administrative and network count of 10, each running at 10 Gb/s. technology domains. In response to the above • To demonstrate protocols capable of requirements, PHOSPHOROUS will address solving the routing and wavelength some of the key technical challenges to enable assignment problem and accessing the on-demand end-to-end network services across network end to end with high bandwidth multiple domains. The PHOSPHOROUS efficiency, minimum latency and research is expected to provide applications minimum number of wavelength as with the ability to be aware of their Grid necessary constraints. resource (computer and network) environment and capabilities, and to make dynamic, • To enhance the flexibility of the network adaptive and optimized use of heterogeneous using local free space links to ease physical network infrastructures connecting various high reconfigurability and enhance upgrading. end resources. The PHOSPHOROUS • To address the issues related to protection assessment will rely on the experimental activity and restoration in hardware and protocol to be carried out on a distributed test-bed (redundancy or otherwise) as INSTANT will interconnecting European and Worldwide also be sensitive to information loss. optical infrastructure. 78 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications Swansea University Breakthrough 79

DTI bid, total project value £5 million. A new the concept of dispersion managed solitons, distributed data storage and retrieval which is now a widely deployed technology networked environment is proposed where in high speed optical systems. audio, video and still images are stored and Professor Jinho Choi received his MSE and handled in a broadband mesh wireless PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the network that implements city management Korea Advanced Institute of Science and functions. Given appropriate architectures and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, in 1991 and protocols, the network nodes can be fixed or 1994, respectively. He joined IAT as Chair in mobile and can provide searchable security Wireless Communications in 2006. features supporting the enforcement agencies and searchable citizen media-rich traffic and His research interests include wireless parking information, tolling and congestion communications and array/statistical signal management. New tools will enable archiving, processing. In particular, he has expertise in aggregating and searching distributed storage receiver design and beamforming techniques at cameras and automated number plate for wireless communications, and has authored recognition systems for applications such as a book for adaptive and iterative signal vehicle tracking, parking location identification processing. Currently, he focuses on joint among others. Cities in the UK and design for multiuser transmission and reception internationally have expressed clear interest. in 4G wireless systems. Demonstration activities are planned. Professor Choi received the 1999 Best Paper KEY APPOINTMENTS Award for Signal Processing from EURASIP and is a Senior Member of IEEE. Currently, he is an IAT builds on links with industry in the UK, Editor of the Journal of Communications and North America and Japan established by the Networks and an Associate Editor of IEEE Communications and Photonics Group set up Transactions on Vehicular Technology. in 2000 by Professor Jaafar Elmirghani, who now heads the Institute. Professor Professor Michel Marhic gained his PhD Elmirghani’s achievements in promoting entitled ‘The ponderomotive force exerted on a collaboration within the sector were plasma by an infrared laser beam’ from the recognised by the Harold Sobol Award for University of California, Los Angeles, in 1974. Exemplary Services to Meetings and He was appointed assistant professor at Conferences at the 48th annual IEEE (Institute Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, and MOTOROLA’S COLLABORATION The primary objective of this EU FP6 funded of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) over the following two decades was WITH IAT project is to focus on novel network concepts Globecom Conference in St Louis. In appointed variously as visiting and associate and architectures exploiting the features and Motorola supports the Institute of Advanced addition, the IEEE UK and Republic of Ireland professor to institutions within the US including properties of photonic technologies, to enable Telecommunications (IAT) at Swansea Communications Chapter, chaired by the University of Southern California’s Physics future telecommunications networks. It aims to University on a number of joint and Professor Elmirghani, was named “Superior Department’s Center for Laser Studies in 1979- propose a new generation of systems and collaborative projects and a number of Regional Chapter”. 80 where he pursued research in whispering- networks that will accommodate the gallery waveguides for CO2 lasers. related initiatives which include projects such The first phase of the IAT project involves the unpredictable and growing size of data files as IRIS, TINA and VESEL. appointment of 40 staff, including six Other professors will be joining IAT soon. and messages exchanged over global professors. One of the senior academics to Biographical information will be published on COST 291 – TOWARDS DIGITAL distances requiring an agile Communication join the team is Professor Nick Doran, who the IAT website (www.swansea.ac.uk/iat) OPTICAL NETWORKS Grid. These need to provide end-to-end joined IAT in January 2006. when they take up their posts. bandwidth for a variety of applications and The explosive growth of data, particularly offer a future proof, flexible, efficient and Professor Doran was formerly the Chief Internet traffic has led to a dramatic increase For further information, please contact bandwidth-abundant fiber-optic network Technology Officer and founder of Marconi- in demand for transmission bandwidth Professor Jaafar Elmirghani, infrastructure capable of supporting ubiquitous Solstis, which developed and installed the imposing an immediate requirement for services in a resilient and secure manner. world’s longest land-based ultra-high capacity [email protected] broadband networks. An additional driving optical communications system in 2003. He force for higher capacity, enhanced CITY MANAGEMENT is well known for his pioneering work in functionality and flexibility networks is the Current R&D joint work between IAT and optical solitons and has published more than increased trend for interactive exchange of Motorola, is the subject of a £2 million EPSRC- 150 papers on the subject. He developed data and multimedia communications. 81 School of the Environment and Society Head of School - Professor Mike Barnsley www.swansea.ac.uk/environment_society School of the Environment and Society

The recently formed School of the Environment and Society brings together a wealth of research expertise in the environmental and social sciences to address fundamental issues shaping natural systems, human societies, and the interrelationship between the two. Our ambition is to produce work of the highest calibre that is recognized by the academic community for its originality, significance and rigour, and that is valued for its timeliness, relevance and impact by commercial organizations, public institutions and civil society. This ambition is advanced through a set of internationally renowned research groups, research centres and research institutes that span biological sciences, human and physical geography, sociology and anthropology, and international development studies. Research groups focus on advancing research frontiers in specific aspects of environmental and social science, often through large multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional projects funded by agencies such as the Research Councils, Government Departments, the European Union and charitable organizations. Research centres and research institutes engage with a much broader range of interlocking research frontiers that demand visionary leadership, innovative scholarship and the co-ordinated development of basic, strategic and applied research agendas. The School is proud of the achievements of its research groups, centres and institutes, all of which depend upon the expertise, enthusiasm and dedication of the individual members of our research community. The School is therefore committed to ensuring that research-active staff and students have the very best research culture and research environment within which to work: from inspiring seminar series and research mentoring to super-computing facilities and state-of-the-art laboratories. As well as working hard to secure multi-million-pound investments in our social, physical and technological infrastructure, we have also sought to ensure that our mission of being a truly research-led School is borne out in practice across the full range of our activities.

Professor Mike Barnsley Head, School of the Environment and Society 82 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 83

LAND SURFACE/CLIMATE FEEDBACKS NEW SATELLITE-SENSOR TECHNOLOGY Interannual variations in ocean temperature, One component of CLASSIC's work concerns such as those occurring during El Niño and La interaction with the UK and international space Niña events, affect the climate system by industry. The aim is to feed the outputs of changing the patterns of atmospheric CLASSIC research into the development of new circulation. This, in turn, affects the occurrence EO sensors better matched to the needs of the of rainfall. Thus, while some areas see science and end-user communities, and to call increased precipitation during El Niño events on these companies as a further source of (e.g. Kenya), others experience reduced levels external advice to guide our research. The of rainfall (e.g. Brazil, Indonesia). This pattern CLASSIC consortium has active links with many is often reversed during La Niña events. companies including Sira Electro-Optics Ltd, Changes such as these directly affect the EADS Astrium and BAE Systems, through its growth and behaviour of vegetation. In involvement in a range of satellite-sensor CLASSIC (aerosols) in the atmosphere. These include sea- drought-stressed vegetation, for example, the missons. One example of these links is the The Climate and Land-Surface Systems salts, mineral dust particles which emanate level of photosynthetic activity is typically PROBA/CHRIS mission. from arid regions, smoke from forest fires and reduced, as is the release of water vapour into Interaction Centre (CLASSIC) is a Natural The Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA-1) heavy industry, and sulphur from volcanic the atmosphere. These and other vegetation- Environment Research Council (NERC) satellite was launched from Shriharikota, India eruptions as well as industrial pollution. related changes feedback onto the climate Collaborative Centre funded under the Earth on 22 October 2001. Developed and built by Atmospheric aerosols have a significant net system in some cases accentuating, in others Observation Centres of Excellence programme. a consortium led by the Belgian company negative forcing effect on the Earth's radiation diminishing, the initial climatic perturbation. The Hosted at Swansea University, CLASSIC brings Verhaert, and funded by the European Space budget. For instance, increases in manmade CLASSIC consortium is investigating these together a consortium of researchers from the Agency (ESA), PROBA-1 was originally emissions throughout the industrial era are likely feedback mechanisms using a combination of NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology at intended to be a short, experimental, mission. to be the cause of a decrease of solar satellite-sensor data and climate modelling. Wallingford and Monks Wood, the Universities Its primary objective was to test a number of of Durham, Exeter and Leicester, and the radiation reaching the ground. For further information contact: innovations in platform design, principally Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Understanding the sources, distribution and relating to altitude control and recovery from Dr Sietse Los Research. The Centre’s principal aim is to transport of aerosol particles within the errors, which would enable it to operate [email protected] reduce uncertainty in assessing the actual and atmosphere is vitally important for informing autonomously; that is, with the minimum amount potential effects of climate change through an climate models. Satellite remote sensing can of intervention from the ground. PROBA-1 improved understanding of the feedback be used to measure aerosols over very large carries on board a small number of scientific mechanisms that exist between the land surface areas and in a timely manner. It is envisaged instruments, intended to demonstrate the use of and the atmosphere. This is being achieved that spaceborne observations will play a the platform for both space and environmental through the development of improved Land- pivotal role in reducing uncertainty of radiative studies. These include a sensor for detecting Surface Schemes and Dynamic Vegetation forcing due to aerosols. space debris, a space radiation-environment Models, within both Global and Regional monitor and two digital cameras. The principal The main feature of the AATSR instrument is that Climate Models, that fully reproduce these scientific instrument on board PROBA-1, it acquires two simultaneous observations of the interactions and that can be driven by however, is the Compact High Resolution same area of ground from different viewing dynamic, spatially comprehensive data on the Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS). This sensor positions. These measurements are acquired terrestrial biosphere, such as those provided acquires high spatial resolution (17m or 30m) through atmospheric profiles of different lengths from Earth Observation. images of Earth's surface in up to 62 narrow thereby allowing the atmospheric properties to spectral channels located in the visible and Research underway at CLASSIC includes be inferred. To retrieve the aerosol properties a near infra-red wavelengths. mapping atmospheric aerosol particle physical model of light scattering is applied to concentration over the Sahel (the border of the AATSR observations. In addition to their respective scientific and the Sahara Desert). technological objectives, the combination of For further information contact: Data from the Advanced Along Track Scanning CHRIS and PROBA is intended to serve as a Radiometer (AATSR) on-board the European Dr Peter North demonstration of a faster approach to the Space Agency's Envisat satellite are being used [email protected] design, launch and operation of scientific to measure the concentration of small particles satellite-sensor missions. In this context, `faster' 84 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 85

refers to the relatively short time-period (two to three years) between the selection of CHRIS as the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) instrument and the launch of the PROBA platform. One of the most significant benefits of this approach is the potential for greater responsiveness to the current and future needs of scientific users.

A novel feature of the PROBA-1 platform is that it can be manoeuvred in orbit using a set of four reaction wheels. These allow the satellite to be pointed off-nadir in both the along-track and across-track directions. This agility confers a number of obvious benefits. First, it increases the area of the Earth's surface that is potentially INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL visible to the on-board imaging instruments SUSTAINABILITY during a single orbit. Second, it allows the In 2005, a total of £3.5 million was allocated instruments to acquire images of cloud-free from the second round of the Science Research sustain ecosystems in the face of natural and the planet? Clearly, all the elements needed areas of the Earth's surface at the expense of Infrastructure Fund (SRIF2) and Swansea anthropogenically-forced change. for the mission to be undertaken are present. cloud-covered ones, and to avoid sun glint over University to develop a new research institute, This is not a trivial issue, requiring Simple incorporation of competent research water bodies. Third, by slowly pitching during the Institute of Environmental Sustainability (IES). understanding of how the physical environment units into an establishment, however, does not image acquisition (i.e. through motion The money has been spent, large sections of changes according to circumstance, how this necessarily lead to interaction between groups. compensation), it is possible to improve the the East wing of the Wallace building have affects animals and plants operating within the Communication between researchers will be signal-to-noise performance by increasing the been renovated and restructured, new analytical equipment and facilities have been environment, and how the various biological fostered by ensuring that the various research integration times. Finally, it provides a means by elements affect each other and ultimately affect groups are located close to each other within a which images can be recorded at different installed, and the IES will shortly be fully operational. the physical environment. The complexities of section of the Wallace building, to be defined sensor view angles. The latter is, of course, interacting elements within environments make it as the IES, and that a congenial common room important for studies of the bidirectional So what exactly is the IES supposed to do? A clear why the School of the Environment and attracts people who can get together in an reflectance properties of the Earth's surface, and central issue in modern life is change. Never Society is such an excellent entity within which informal atmosphere. The simple truth is that can also be used to generate digital elevation before in the history of humankind have our day- the IES is located. True understanding of some of the best ideas, the best research, models through stereo photogrammetric to-day activities been subject to such rapid environment functioning requires a multi- and come out of getting the right people together reconstruction. In fact, PROBA-1 can be pitched change and, although the environment around inter-disciplinary approach, and the interactions on a regular basis. us is continually changing in its own right, between geographers, biologists, sufficiently quickly along-track so that five What will make the IES different from the host increasingly, we are also becoming aware that development studies specialists, sociologists separate CHRIS images can be obtained for a of similar institutions round the world? Aside our very existence on the planet is provoking and anthropologists will ensure that this will given target area during a single orbital from making a concerted effort to bring change in ecosystems. In times of such rapid happen. The School prides itself in having overpass, with each image recorded at a Swansea's best environmental research brains change it is simply not enough to stand around, expertise that deals with issues from the different sensor view angle. This multiple-view- together, the IES will be actively promoting an bemused, monitoring how things differ from one macroscopic (global climate change) to the angle (MVA) imaging capability, in conjunction 'eyes-open' approach to its science. While few day or year to the next. We need to understand microscopic (DNA in mitochondria in single with the high spectral and spatial resolution of would argue that systematic, hypothesis-based the features inherent in environmental stability, as cells), from outer space (satellites scanning the CHRIS, provides an enormously rich source of research is not important to good science, we well as those that can provoke change, so that earth's surface) to the inner space of bodies data for the scientific investigation of the Earth's must also acknowledge that an extraordinary we can predict likely scenarios for the future and (disease in fishes), and dealing with number of major break-throughs have been surface and atmosphere. mitigate against them, if necessary. The overall appropriately diverse, but inextricably linked, made by those with their eyes sufficiently wide mission statement of the IES is therefore that: matters: How much forest does the world For further details contact: open to notice the unusual, off-the-beaten track, have, what can ice sheets tell us about climate Professor Mike Barnsley The IES is dedicated to understanding the and recognise its potential. Examples are change, how can tree rings act as features that make up, and account for, the Fleming with his not-so-mouldy bread leading to [email protected] environmental diaries, what is needed to save structure and stability of natural and semi- antibiotics, Archimedes with his own particular enigmatic megafauna such as turtles, and how natural environments, so that, ultimately, upthrust in the bathwater, and Rutherford, is it that animals as tiny as plankton can shape suggestions can be made as to how to whose bounced-back particles betrayed the 86 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 87

existence of the nucleus in the atom. invest in acquiring food in ever-more perturbed GLACIOLOGY GROUP East Greenland and findings have now been Serendipitous observations are made by marine systems. Our new eyes on Earth will The Glaciology Group undertakes research published which suggest that Greenland's special people, and one could argue that such therefore allow us to 'see' things where before and teaching in Glaciology and the response to climate change may be much people cannot be moulded. However, the we were blind. It is this multi-dimensional vision Cryosphere, specialising in understanding the more rapid than expected. chances of seeing the unusual increase with the that should lead to special insights which result processes that regulate glacier dynamics, flow The report demonstrates that Kangerdlugssuaq number and type of eyes. in world-class research. This will not only reflect instabilities and surging, and glacier fast flow. and Helheim glaciers, between them draining the university strategy in helping produce a The School of the Environment and Society The group uses a wide variety of techniques 6% of the ice sheet, have suddenly accelerated research-led establishment but also go some already has people working with satellite- including geophysics, numerical modelling and and retreated after a period of relative stability. way to helping society understand what is based remote-sensing systems - eyes in the sky - remote sensing, and current field projects span Their behaviour is remarkably similar even needed to maintain our world as beautiful as it to give a global overview. But this will be the Arctic, Antarctic and Alps. though they are more than 300 km apart, and should be. closely resembles that of Jakobshavn Isbræ in enhanced by a new thrust based on highly The issues that the group aims to address West Greenland, which saw a similar abrupt accurate recording technology using sensors in For further details contact: include quantification of the past and future change from 1998 and is yet to stabilize in the environment to measure everything from the contribution from glaciers and ice sheets to sea- Professor Rory Wilson speed. It seems likely that other Greenland creeping movement of glaciers, through the level rise; understanding the processes driving [email protected] outlets will undergo similar changes, which daily growth of plants, to the feeding whims of the present rapid and dramatic changes would impact the mass balance of the ice inter-tidal shellfish and the energy that penguins observed in glaciers, and the instabilities sheet more rapidly than predicted. inherent in glacial systems; and understanding the record of palaeo-ice mass instabilities and Around half of the snow falling on Greenland is the processes that drove these changes. lost as melt-water while the other half is discharged as icebergs through fast-flowing Some of the research projects currently outlet glaciers to the sea. Like Kangerdlugssuaq underway within the group include and Helheim, many of these outlets have been thinning dramatically in recent years in response GREENLAND OUTLET GLACIER to climate warming. This thinning is not in itself DYNAMIC CHANGES a great cause of concern, but the sudden A new report into Greenland glaciers has dynamic response triggered by this thinning at demonstrated a sudden dynamic response to Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim has greatly climate change. The Glaciology Group used increased their rate of iceberg calving. Recent satellite remote sensing to understand how reports predicting the eventual loss of the glacier flow rates change over time. The Greenland ice sheet are based on models that group, led by Professor Tavi Murray and do not take into account this kind of dynamic Dr Adrian Luckman, looked at response, so the initial rate of sea-level rise is Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim glaciers in likely to be more rapid than expected. 88 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 89

SVALBARD LIDAR CAMPAIGN 2005 Seismoelectric exploration of the Historical tidal records show that, over the 20th cryosphere Century, global sea levels rose by A new survey technique for glaciology has approximately 15 centimetres and forecasts been shown to provide repeatable and strong predict a further rise of between nine and 88 signals on Glacier de Tsanfleuron, Switzerland. centimetres over the 21st Century. Excluding The technique involves the conversion of sound thermal expansion, it is believed that the energy (seismic) to electromagnetic energy at majority of the last century’s sea-level rise came interfaces such as at the transition between dry from the melt of small glaciers. The glaciers in and wet ice and the ice-bed. The movement of Svalbard, between the Arctic Ocean, Barents water relative to solid particles at the interface Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, generates electrical signals that can be north of Norway, are expected to make a detected at the ice or snow surface. disproportionate contribution to future sea-level Seismoelectric techniques promise to allow rise because of their sensitivity to climate mapping of thin, water-bearing strata within change. The aim of the research project is to or beneath glaciers or frozen ground, estimate the contribution of glacial melt from estimation of hydraulic or fluid properties of Svalbard to 20th Century sea-level rise and to such strata, as well as monitoring of ice forecast its contributions to future rises. fracturing or basal properties and processes Mass balance measurements of selected at improved spatial resolution. benchmark glaciers in Svalbard are made using the novel approach of controlling For further information, please contact photogrammetry using historical aerial Professor Tavi Murray photographs with contemporary digital [email protected] elevation models produced using a laser scanner mounted on an aircraft (LiDAR). The 2005 field season was highly successful. Data were collected successfully for six of the benchmark glaciers. Mass balance and the University, aims to improve predictions increased compaction of basal sediment, measurements of these will provide well of the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted as changes in quantity, location and distributed and long-term mass balance during climate change. Specifically, the project pressure of water within the glacier bed, have measurements. These results will be upscaled to aims to investigate the flow of a West Antarctic been observed. All these changes have arrive at an estimate of sea-level rise ice stream on timescales from hours/minutes to occurred on timescales of a few years or less. contribution for the archipelago and to forecast geologic times, and to elucidate the ice stream This degree of variability is far higher than sea-level rise under different climatic scenarios basal conditions and the role of these in expected. It shows that an ice stream can for the 21st Century. controlling ice stream dynamics. reorganise its bed rapidly and suggests that RABID: Basal conditions on Rutford Ice present models do not yet simulate all the During the period 28th October 2004 to 28th Stream, West Antarctica relevant subglacial processes. February 2005, Professor Tavi Murray The vast majority of the ice in Antarctica is undertook fieldwork on the Rutford Ice Stream, discharged through fast-flowing ice streams. West Antarctica. For almost three months she These form arteries through the ice sheet and, lived and worked “deep field” in tents. despite occupying only 10% of the coastline, Observations from the project show active discharge around 90% of the snow falling on processes beneath the ice stream that can the ice sheet in winter. Predicting the future of normally only be postulated from the the world’s ice sheets and their impact on sea geological record. The observations show level requires an understanding of subglacial erosion at a rate of one metre per year processes, as they are a key control on the beneath a fast-flowing Antarctic ice stream, flow of the ice streams. followed by a cessation of erosion and the The RABID project, which is a collaborative rapid formation of an active drumlin from fully initiative between the British Antarctic Survey mobilised sediment. Both mobilisation and 90 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 91

MILLENNIUM RECONSTRUCTING A THOUSAND YEARS OF EUROPEAN CLIMATE Millennium is a palaeoclimate project which will answer a single question: does the magnitude and rate of 20th Century climate change exceed the natural variability of European climate over the last millennium? The £9 million ‘Millennium’ project, funded by the EU 6th Framework Programme and co-ordinated by Professor Danny McCarroll, brings together about 100 scientists from 15 European countries. The VOLCANIC EVENTS AND PAST chemical composition of past volcanic project’s aim is to examine and reconstruct CLIMATE CHANGE eruptions is essential for the successful Europe’s climate over the last thousand years Natural archives such as ice-cores and employment of this technique and the only using a combination of historical records and sediment records from the oceans and lakes available archive with the necessary temporal a variety of ‘natural archives’. Tree rings from provide considerable evidence for the pattern resolution and independent dating control to the Alps, Scotland and Fennoscandia are of past climatic and environmental changes. provide this information is the Greenland ice- being examined, as are insect and plant Detailed investigations of such records are sheet. Funded by the Natural Environment remains from lakes and peat bogs in the fundamental for improving our understanding of Research Council, and in collaboration with same areas. Changes in the North Atlantic natural climatic events, particularly as human colleagues at the University of Copenhagen, are being investigated using the remains of activities are thought to be altering the global Stockholm University and University of Wales, microscopic sea creatures and long-lived climate system. The last warm episode or Aberystwyth, this research project is based annually-banded clams from sites off the interglacial period (over 100,000 years ago predominantly on the volcanic record coasts of Scotland and Iceland. in particular) serves as the closest analogue for contained within the Greenland ice-cores that provide an unprecedented insight into climatic There is now overwhelming evidence that understanding the mechanisms, timing and changes over the last 123,000 years. More Earth’s climate is warming, in response to environmental responses that may lead to a often than not, these layers cannot be identified changes in the atmosphere caused by human glaciated Earth at the end of the current warm by the naked eye due to the low concentration activity such as the burning of fossil fuels- the episode. Reconstructing the sequence and status as a world-class centre for research in of ash present in the ice. Thus, a specially- so-called ‘greenhouse effect’. Millennium will timing of past climatic events in widely studies of climate change. adopted technique is employed to use the not identify how much of the recent warming separated localities, however, is hampered by chemical signature of the ice to pinpoint and has been caused by humans, but it will For further information, please contact large dating errors and the lack of suitable extract volcanic ash particles within the ice-core indicate the degree to which the current high dating techniques. Matching and comparing Professor Danny McCarroll material between 123,000 and 70,000 years temperatures and rapid rate of change are climatic records from the oceans, continents ago. Geochemical analysis of each layer will unusual. The results will also feed into climate [email protected] and ice-sheets in order to understand the provide a fingerprint of each eruption to models, helping them to make better environmental responses to climatic events is, identify its volcanic source and to establish links predictions of the likely impacts of climate therefore, problematic. to the same deposit identified in other change in the future. Dr Siwan Davies is addressing this issue geological records. This multi-disciplinary project marks a major through the use of volcanic events. Constructing a framework of this kind will step forward in the University’s attempt to Instantaneous deposition and dispersal of provide a detailed record of the timing and understand the nature of climate change in volcanic ash following an explosive eruption frequency of volcanic activity during the end of Europe. The project encompasses some of often occurs over large geographical areas the last interglacial and the beginning of the Europe’s leading historians, chemists, and these deposits are often incorporated as last cold episode. This scheme will be of long- physicists, biologists, geographers, and distinct marker layers within different archives. term significance and will provide a better geologists and the research conducted by In recent years, it has become clear that these understanding of natural climatic events. Professor McCarroll’s international team will ash deposits can actually be traced over thousands of kilometres from volcanic sources, be amongst the most comprehensive studies For further information, please contact carried out on this scale. Together with providing a key technique for the precise Dr Siwan Davies CLASSIC, this project confirms Swansea’s correlation of natural archives. A detailed record or framework giving the age and [email protected] 92 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 93

store all sorts of information about the animals CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE Environments), an ERDF-funded initiative and their environment when they go to sea. In AQUACULTURE RESEARCH combining teams from the Universities of Wales particular, the devices store data on beak- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Bangor, Swansea and Aberywstyth, in support opening angle many times per second with the Research (CSAR) is the School of the of the Welsh environmental goods and services data becoming available to the researchers Environment and Society’s new state-of-the-art sector. The Centre is also applying its expertise once the penguin has returned to its nest and facility dedicated to researching sustainable in technical aquaculture to develop transferable has had its device removed. When a cultivation methods for aquatic organisms. The technologies for tropical marine ornamental fish ‘beakometer’-fitted penguin feeds, a mission of the Centre is to develop new and invertebrates, including colourful clownfish characteristic pattern is produced in the beak- approaches to aquaculture, focused on and dwarf angelfish. angle data which allows the researchers to providing the highest standards of animal determine exactly how many fish have been Farmed animal welfare and environmental health and welfare, with minimal impact on the eaten and when. protection are at the core of the Centre’s natural environment. This is being approach. Water recirculation technology Furthermore, since penguins open their beaks accomplished through a programme of provides optimal growing conditions for wider to swallow bigger prey, it is even interdisciplinary research, drawing on a wide livestock, protecting them from disease and possible to determine the mass of each prey range of expertise, both within the School and preventing the discharge of waste back to the item. Use of this technology on Magellanic across the University as a whole. These environment. Over and above its commitment Penguins breeding in Patagonia has shown, activities align fully with the Welsh Assembly to environmental sustainability, CSAR is shockingly, that the birds sometimes consume Government’s priority of providing new three times as much as they apparently need. establishing a solid foundation for countless economic opportunities and new sources of For instance, one 4 kg bird managed to commercially viable projects that will high quality seafood through sustainable swallow 2.6 kg of food in just 8 hours, a feat rejuvenate the industry and ensure that aquaculture. Furthermore, the Centre has the that would necessitate that a comparable 70 aquaculture in Wales is at the forefront of potential to support wild fisheries in Wales and kg human get through about 50 hamburgers global activity in this field. beyond, for example by transferring between breakfast and supper! aquaculture technologies to developing RESEARCH PROJECTS Further studies on penguins in captivity indicate countries that currently rely heavily on fishing. Nutrition and health of farmed aquatic ANIMALS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT that the throughput time for food swallowed by animals Do penguins eat like gannets? penguins depends on how much they eat - CSAR was established as part of the when they eat a lot the processing time is short European Union and Welsh Assembly CSAR researchers are engaged in a range of Few people appreciating the charismatic whereas when they eat only a little they spend Government funded “Aquaculture Wales” applied feed development and health nature of penguins realise that these birds are a long time digesting. Since the amount of project. Construction of the £2m research management projects, including work on the important in the global scheme of things, and energy that penguins extract from their food centre has been jointly financed by Swansea influence of dietary protein source on feed particularly the impact that they may have on seems to depend on the time they spend University and the EU - Welsh Assembly digestibility and faecal properties of marine fish marine resources. digesting, it appears that penguins at sea Government funded “Aquaculture Wales” and an evaluation of processed marine The most recent estimates for penguin food consuming a lot do so ‘wastefully’ whereas the project. The Centre provides Wales with a polychaete worms in formulated diets for fish consumption are based on models that fussy eaters are more ‘energy-saving’. In fact, world-class platform for research on the and crustacea. Both these projects are indicate that the world’s penguins consume taken as a whole, the system makes perfect sustainable aquaculture of practically any supported by commercial partners. Another 23.6 million tons per year, almost a third of sense. When prey are abundant the penguins tropical or coldwater marine or freshwater fish commercially supported study into the ontogeny the estimated 80 million tons per year can, and do, impact on them substantially, or invertebrate. of disease resistance mechanisms during the removed by humankind. Clearly, penguins are perhaps controlling their numbers at a time larval development of the green shore crab, is The facility’s flexibility is already seeing the first a force to be reckoned with, and given that when the prey populations are booming. funded through NERC. humankind has been overfishing the world’s However, when the prey are scarce, penguins fruits of commercial collaboration with Welsh oceans for decades, such assessments would take the bare minimum, thus giving the prey businesses. Research partners include the Cultivation of tropical marine ornamental indicate that penguins too might be modifying stocks a chance to recover. The system is Anglesey-based turbot farming company, species Bluewater Flatfish Farms Ltd, and Dragon Feeds the marine food web substantially. partially self-controlling, elegant and logical. The research team is applying its expertise in Not so the world’s fishery, where quotas are set Ltd, a Baglan-based company developing high However, such models are based on a large technical aquaculture and sustainable at the beginning of the fishing season and quality aquaculture feeds based on King number of assumptions whose validity is often development to develop transferable production adhered to whatever. ragworm. Interactions with Welsh businesses difficult to assess. Researchers in the School of technologies for tropical marine fish and have also been strengthened recently by means the Environment and Society have decided to invertebrates. Current species of interest include For further details contact: of several ESF-funded PhD studentships. CSAR attack the problem directly and have been dwarf angelfish, clownfish, cleaner shrimp and Professor Rory Wilson will further develop its supporting role to local conducting studies to measure how much giant clams. Collaborative links include the [email protected] industries within the recently approved WISE penguins really do eat. This is done by Malaysian Semporna Islands Project and project (Welsh Institute for Sustainable equipping nesting birds with tiny devices that University of the South Pacific, Fiji. 94 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 95

Water quality management and waste meet the challenges of the next decades. Each water treatment technologies institution has a unique but complementary focus and set of skills that will be available to CSAR will expand its research on water quality all participants. This ambitious project reflects management in land-based fish farms, with two the commitment of the National Assembly for new EU Framework 7 cooperative projects. Wales as well as the three universities to “GRRAS” (Growth Retardation in Recirculating promoting sustainable development and the Aquaculture Systems) is aimed at identifying recognition that SMEs must play a vital role in and eliminating sources of growth inhibiting adopting, adapting and developing new factors in commercial marine fish farms, and technologies and methodologies if these draws on the expertise of the University’s ambitions are to be realized. Institute of Mass Spectrometry. The second cooperative project, “AquaDeGas”, will develop and evaluate new methods for For further information, please contact controlling the levels of dissolved gases in fish Dr Geoff Proffitt rearing systems. [email protected] These projects will complement the Centre’s current research to develop cost-effective methods for aquaculture waste-water treatment, UNDERSTANDING RED TIDES within the EU-funded AquaETreat project. Scientists in the Institute of Environmental Sustainability have uncovered a new For further information, please contact mechanism responsible for the formation of Dr. Robin Shields 'Red Tides', the colloquial term for dense patches (or blooms) of harmful algae [email protected] The mechanism was revealed through the use zooplankton, Professor Flynn is also working responsible for the deaths of shellfish, finfish of mathematical models of plankton behaviour with Dr.Colin Hayes in the School of and even mammals, including humans. and has developed from work undertaken at Engineering on the development of models WISE Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the Swansea over the last decade. The critical describing algal growth in reservoirs, where The 'Welsh Institute for Sustainable increase around the world, with occasional feature in the models is the simulation of the they impact upon water treatment processes predator switching between prey items when and the quality of drinking water supplies. Environments' (WISE) -- 'Sefydliad Cymreig devastating impacts on coastal environments. one becomes unpalatable, a feature not Amgylcheddau Cynaliadwy' (SCAC) is a joint Most types of algae (also called phytoplankton) R.V. NOCTILUCA are harmless, single-celled organisms at the described in other models. venture of the three Universities at Swansea, The Biological Sciences research vessel R.V. base of the food chain. Occasionally, certain Bangor and Aberystwyth. The WISE project is Understanding how Red Tides form will inform Nocticula is used for marine research and for species of algae accumulate in dense patches part funded by the European Regional research into ways of combating this harmful training in connection with the University’s just below the surface of the water. A related, Development Fund. The project will create a phenomenon, which ultimately will facilitate teaching and research programmes. R.V. although totally harmless organism, is bridge between the university research sector better protection of marine life and the many Noctiluca was designed and built in Finland. It and small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) 'Noctiluca', which blooms occasionally off the marine-dependent economies that are affected was commissioned in 2001.The unique twin- in order to support and grow businesses in the . by these unsightly and dangerous blooms. hulled, shallow draft, aluminium vessel whole sector of environmental goods and In an article published in the Royal Society As zooplankton are an essential feed for combines speed, manoeuvrability and services, natural resource use and journal Biology Letters, Swansea University's Dr juvenile fish, the research is also likely to efficiency with a flexible work platform. The management, and sustainable development. Aditee Mitra and Professor Kevin Flynn generate commercial opportunities. Associated vessel is suitable for a wide variety of scientific The project will make a wide range of applied describe a new mechanism for the formation of experimental work on the importance of diet tasks ranging from hydrographic assessment to research capability, knowledge and harmful algal blooms, helping to explain the for zooplankton growth, published by Professor trawling and other forms of bottom sampling. technological innovations available to the development of Red Tides. Flynn's group in the journal Science last year, R.V. Noctiluca is a 12.5m diesel powered private sector based primarily on the expertise together with the new models of zooplankton catamaran capable of 20 knots. It can cruise and specialized skills available in the three The algae produce a toxic substance that growth developed by Dr Mitra, will form the at 16 knots with a range of 500 nautical collaborating institutions. The project will not makes them unpalatable to their natural basis for new explorations into the enhanced miles, consuming only 3.8L of diesel oil per only promote joint initiatives and effective predators, zooplankton. The zooplankton turn production of zooplankton reared in mile. Able to turn in her own length, she has cooperation, but aims to engender a culture of, instead to consuming other 'good' algae and Swansea's new Centre for Sustainable a wide aft deck with an A-frame for and infrastructure for, technology transfer from eventually to cannibalism, releasing nutrients Aquaculture Research. deployment of trawling and grab gear, and a the applied research base to innovative that are consumed by the ever enlarging 'moonpool' for deployment of smaller companies so that west Wales is better able to harmful algal bloom. Related to the work with phytoplankton and 96 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 97

instruments and samplers between the hulls. for resistance to disease, and lack the wounds, they can rapidly remove the necrotic BIOMOLECULAR ANALYSIS MASS The vessel is also equipped with the latest antibody-secreting white blood cells tissue, clean the wound and enhance the SPECTROMETRY navigation aids enabling her to operate (lymphocytes) of vertebrates. Humans too healing process. The presence of at least two The Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectrometry offshore for several days. There is on-board have innate immune mechanisms but these antimicrobial factors have been discovered in (BAMS) Facility was officially opened in 2003 bunk accommodation for four; with cooking are augmented by acquired immune the fly secretions, one of which can kill MRSA and is a collaborative entity between facilities, WC and shower. defences (antibodies, lymphocytes, etc) that (Bexfield et al., 2004). With new support from Biological Sciences and the Medical School. impart both memory and specificity against Action Medical Research, the team is now One of the long standing interests of For further information, please contact re-invading pathogens. Even in humans, isolating and characterising these important Biochemists and Mass Spectrometrists (MS) at Professor Kevin Flynn however, innate immunity provides the first- antibacterial factors and testing their killing UWS has been the use of MS in studying [email protected] line defence dealing with the majority of potential for a range of human pathogens. nucleosides, nucleotides and cyclic nucleotides: would-be pathogens. the former two compounds are precursors of Thirdly, insect vectors of diseases have a the nucleic acids, the genetic machinery of the Scientists in the Department of Biological dynamic association with the parasites and cell, while the latter two are key factors in the INCREDIBLE INVERTEBRATES Sciences, led by Professor Norman Ratcliffe, pathogens that they transmit. The disease regulation of metabolism and the transfer of Invertebrates comprise approximatel 97 % have researched invertebrate innate immunity organisms interact intimately with the vector signals from one cell to another. of all animal species and, of these, over for over 30 years. There are now 3 main tissues, utilising specific host molecules in order 75% are insects with numbers of insect topics of investigation of insect immunity in to develop and multiply in their insect hosts. Professor Newton and Dr Dudley of the species estimated to be between two and Swansea: They can then be transmitted to the human BAMS facility, in collaboration with Professor 30 million. There are only around 4,000 Esman’s Group at the Nucleoside Research Firstly, the detection, isolation and victim during blood feeding by the insect vector. species of mammals but 400,000 species Unit & Centre for Mass Spectrometry and characterisation of the so-called pattern of beetles alone occupying practically every Scientists in Swansea and in Fiocruz (Rio de Proteomics of the University of Antwerp, have habitat on earth! Insects are generally recognition receptors (PRRs) present in the Janeiro, Brazil) funded by the EU, CNPq and recently made a significant breakthrough in loathed as pests in the house and garden blood of insects and which recognise and bind FAPERJ have been investigating the insect host- understanding the fragmentations of key with beneficial species such as honey-bees to the cell-wall components of invading parasite interaction of the blood feeding bugs, nucleosides during MS. microbes. This recognition activates other Rhodnius prolixus, with the protozoan parasite receiving scant attention. Mass Spectrometry involves the break up of components of the innate immune system, such Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas There is good reason to hate insects as, in molecules under controlled conditions, and as the white blood cells and antimicrobial disease across much of Central and warmer countries, they transmit diseases identification of the resultant fragments is used peptides, which attack, kill and remove the S.America. It is estimated that 200 million poor including malaria, sleeping sickness, yellow to deduce the molecular structure of the original microbes from the circulation. Funded by people are at risk from this disease with 50- fever and river blindness, with malaria alone molecule. With several nucleosides, a number BBSRC, the team has isolated six of these PRRs 75,000 dying every year. Recent work has killing a million children every year. Of the of unexplained MS fragments have been from the blood of the lowly waxmoth, Galleria discovered that following an infected ten most important tropical diseases affecting widely reported over the last decade: the mellonella. Tremendously interesting is that three bloodmeal, there is a rapid and significant the poorer nations, eight are transmitted by collaborating partners have now been able to of these molecules ie. calreticulin, decrease in parasite numbers in the insect gut invertebrates. We should not be complacent identify them. An in-depth study of the apolipoprotein III and peptidoglycan- before contact with the host tissues. The cause in the UK since, as a result of global fragmentation of guanosine was conducted by recognition protein, are homologous or very of this reduction appears to be the naturally warming, new arthropod-borne diseases are a novel approach. The equivalent of MS4- similar to mammalian proteins (Whitten et al., occurring bacteria that exist in the gut likely to emerge. Despite their poor image, data, in which a single peak in one spectrum 2004). However, only by discovering their alongside the newly ingested parasites. research on repulsive insects, outlined below, is fragmented, then a single peak in the second functions in innate immunity of Galleria was the has yielded, surprisingly, information of great The team has shown that a pigment, called spectrum selected and fragmented, then the full potential role of these PRRs in mammalian process repeated twice more, was obtained on benefit to humankind. prodigiosin, produced by the bacteria is immunity realised. Thus, due to the fact that probably responsible for the killing of the a Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The combination Fascination with insects results from the fact innate immunity is remarkably conserved parasites. This is important as it indicates that of the features of high resolution and accuracy that many, including cockroaches and throughout the animal kingdom, simple insect the microbes in the vector gut act as attained permitted the unambiguous elucidation maggots, thrive in niches, such as foul- models can be used to identify PRRs of determinants of parasite survival and therefore of the different fragmentations. As a smelling, infected human wounds and relevance to mammalian immunity. contribute to the ability of these vectors to consequence formerly proposed dissociation excrement-laden caves filled with huge pathways of guanosine were revisited and Seccondly, in collaboration with Dr Yamni transmit many important diseases. numbers of microbial pathogens and elaborated more deeply, while new pathways Nigam (School of Health Sciences), Dr Steve parasites. How do insects resist the For further information, please contact were explained by the recognition that prior to Thomas (Zoobiotica, Bridgend), Professor undoubted onslaught from these organisms, Professor Norman Ratcliffe fragmentation some of the analyte molecules Russ Newton and Drs Alison Bexfield, Liz combined with water found in the collision gas, many of which would soon infect and kill [email protected] humans, despite our sophisticated immune Bond and Ed Dudley (Bio.Sciences and argon, used to induce fragmentation. The gain BAMS lab.), the team has been investigating defences? Results from Swansea research of H2O by particular fragments of guanosine and others have shown that invertebrates the external secretions of fly maggots. If these was experimentally proven by using argon, larvae are applied to highly infected human 18 rely entirely on innate immune mechanisms saturated with H2 O, as the collision gas. 98 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 99

CITY VISIONS: THE MECHANICAL footage’– such as Patrick Keiller’s The City of the REPRODUCTION OF SPACE Future and Gustav Deutsch’s Welt Spiegel Kino This project, which is being undertaken by (World Mirror Cinema) – are considered as a Professors David Clarke and Marcus Doel, means of addressing the significance of early is concerned with developing a more film in contemporary culture. sophisticated understanding of the relationship CENTRE FOR URBAN THEORY between visual technologies and changes in Cities represent the most complex and urban culture. Its principal focus is the role dynamic of social environments. The Centre played by late nineteenth-century and early for Urban Theory is dedicated to advancing twentieth-century visual technologies in the understandings of the changing nature of abstraction and engineering of space and urban society. Research undertaken within the time - paying particular attention to the Centre aims to develop and enhance transformation of the city as ‘perceived,’ theoretically informed understandings of urban ‘conceived,’ and ‘lived’ social space. Whilst a space, especially with respect to the impress substantial element of the project concentrates of global consumer capitalism and changing on early film, the research also covers a media technologies. broader range of pre-cinematic visual technologies, such as the magic lantern, the The Centre, directed by Professor David phantasmagoria, the panorama, the diorama, Clarke, focuses on the advanced theorization and the stereoscope. A clearer understanding of cities. In particular, it is concerned with of the changing configuration and relative developing new conceptual approaches to aid trajectories of these technologies is allowing for in the understanding of our increasingly a major retheorization of the appearance of complex urban societies and their increasingly ‘animated photography’ (film) in the 1890s. global constitution. The earliest phase of the work, which received Key areas of theoretical engagement and Data indicating the occurrence of more man or any other mammal, has been support from the Arts and Humanities Research current research specialisms include the complex reactions in the collision cell as a demonstrated present in patients with head and Council, involved viewing a significant theorization of cities in terms of political

result of the presence of H2O were produced, neck cancer, while the correlation of the proportion of the surviving early films held in economy, poststructuralism, actor-network explaining the hitherto unexplained fragments incidence of this and other modified the collection of the National Film and theory, non-representational theory, and accruing from such nucleosides. Molecular nucleosides in the urine with stage of the Television Archive at the British Film Institute in complexity theory. The Centre also examines modelling experiments and in silico calculations cancer development has created optimism that London. Archival research was conducted the conceptualization of cities as actor-networks have been used to support the experimental MS analysis of these compounds will be of simultaneously into the discourses of film within a global space of flows, and the impact observation of neutral gain by guanosine great benefit in diagnosis. production, distribution, and reception, using of social, cultural, economic, and political fragments and predicted a similar behaviour for the trade journals of the nascent British film globalisation on cities. adenosine, with the latter subsequently For further information, please contact industry held at the British Film Institute and Other research interests include cities as foci of experimentally confirmed. Library of Congress in Washington DC. Later Professor Russell Newton spatio-temporal experimentation and innovative As a fundamental scientific observation, the phases of the research have begun to draw [email protected] spatial practices; urban visual culture and report of “Intriguing mass spectrometric upon recent accounts of modernity, mobility, urban memory; city cultures, especially in behaviour of Guanosine under low energy and landscape to suggest how urban space relation to modernity and postmodernity; and collision-induced dissociation: H O-adduct and visual culture are reciprocally related. 2 the significance of media technologies for city formation and gas phase reactions in the Planned path-breaking work into the living and urban lifestyles. collision cell” was given expedited publication relationship between the magic lantern and in the Journal of the American Mass early film will provide new insights into the The Centre’s Associate Directors are Professor Spectrometric Society. Application of the connections between different technologies. Marcus Doel (pictured) and Dr Richard Smith. methodologies developed by Swansea and Antwerp have been applied in a number of The project is also broaching the question of For further information, please contact why early visual culture should have begun to studies including examination of the urine of Professor David Clarke cancer patients of Dr El-Sharkawi of the exert such popular fascination over recent years, Oncology unit, Singleton Hospital Trust, in as evidenced by television programmes such as [email protected] which one compound, 5/-deoxycytidine, the BBC’s The Lost World of Mitchell and which has never been previously identified in Kenyon. Film projects using so-called ‘found 100 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 101

GLOBAL URBAN NETWORKS stock exchanges, the headquarters of THE PEER ETHNOGRAPHIC The application and use of the approach in Dr Richard Smith’s research interests include multinational corporations, trans-national RESEARCH METHOD these and other settings has demonstrated that globalisation and its consequences for urban institutions, and the primary offices of global The Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and peer ethnology can make a significant change. Dr Smith argues that – rather than service firms (accountancy, advertising, Research (PEER) method developed at the contribution to the understanding of health- just being looked at in isolation – cities banking, insurance, legal services etc.). It is University’s Centre for Development Studies seeking and sexual behaviour, and to the should now be understood as constituting not just what such cities contain that is (CDS) is one of a number of tools arising from design and implementation of interventions networks that can span the globe. Much of important, however. The connections an initial £200,000 DfID research programme that address the needs of the poorest and his research has concerned the roles of between cities (transferring money, grant. It addresses the limitations of many of the most vulnerable. information, goods, images etc.) are also London, New York, Toronto and Singapore applied quantitative and qualitative methods, A Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) running profoundly important. It is these processes of in global urban networks. which dominate development studies practice. from April 2005 to March 2007 operates globalisation that make up global urban between the Centre for Development Studies at Cities such as London and New York are of networks. Cities are not discrete, bounded PEER is an innovative, rapid approach to Swansea and Options Consultancy Services fundamental importance to the production of sites that are somehow hermetically sealed programme design, monitoring, evaluation, Ltd. Options provides consultancy, technical a global economy. This is because they and separate from the rest of the world. and research, and has been used in a range assistance and management services in the contain, amongst other things, international Rather they are increasingly inter-related, of sectoral and cultural contexts. PEER is an health and social sectors in developing and moulding and mirroring global networks. In approach to building dialogue for social transitional countries. Ben Rolfe, a KTP fact, the impact of urban participation in change. It enables agencies and programmes Associate employed by the University, is globalisation is dramatic. It is therefore to engage with communities, gives voice to working with Options to acquire skills in perhaps not surprising that London can be poor and marginalised groups, and facilitates ethnographic research and is working on said to have far more in common with New active participation in decision-making. refining the PEER methodology. York than with Birmingham, Manchester, The PEER approach is based upon training Cardiff or Swansea? members of the target community to become Results of the PEER process in Zambia Although London and New York are the researchers, evaluators and change agents. As a result of PEER, peer evaluator/researchers dominant cities in the global economy, other Dr Neil Price, a Reader at CDS, along with were able to identify groups who were not global-oriented cities, such as Toronto and Dr Kirstan Hawkins, a CDS Fellow, designed being reached by youth friendly services, in Singapore, are also important for global the PEER approach in response to the need for particular: young women engaged in urban networks. Dr Smith’s research involves participatory evaluation and research methods, commercial sex; out-of-school youth; men who a wide array of cities precisely because it is which give voice to poor and marginalised spend time in bars; and bus-drivers and the city network, and not any one city, that is people and strengthen the capacity of civil conductors. The research also identified important in this era of globalisation. His society to participate in decision-making. PEER potential new programme approaches to reach research aims to disclose the extent and is based upon the anthropological method, more vulnerable and marginalised young strength of linkages between cities as a and enables programmes to gain an in-depth people in the compounds. whole, and consequently the role of understanding of the realities of the everyday Results of the PEER process in Cambodia particular cities within globalisation. lives of the poor and marginalised. Unlike the traditional anthropological approach, PEER can and Myanmar Dr Smith’s research involves mapping and be carried out over a short timeframe. PEER was used in Cambodia and Myanmar understanding the significance of economic, to design a social marketing campaign to cultural, political, and social connections Since 1999, the approach has been field address condom use with commercial sex between the world’s metropolises. Such tested and applied successfully in several exchanges. PEER has facilitated a process in knowledge is important if we are to geographical and programme settings, which staff have begun to build closer appreciate, not only the urban (rather than including Zambia (an urban adolescent sexual relations with sex-workers and actively national) orientation of globalisation, but also and reproductive health project), Rwanda (a engage them in design, implementation and the place of any individual city within peer study of young women and their monitoring of programmes. globalisation. Indeed, in the context of vulnerability to HIV), India (a study of truck drivers and rickshaw drivers, once again globalisation some cities are winners and For further information, please contact focusing on HIV risk and vulnerability), others losers: if a city fails to connect to other Dr Neil Price cities then its importance is diminished. Cambodia and Myanmar (sex worker HIV/AIDS behaviour change programmes), [email protected] For further information, please contact Nepal (a rural safe motherhood programme) Dr Richard G. Smith and Brazil (government health services development programme). [email protected] 102 School of the Environment and Society Swansea University Breakthrough 103

DEVOLVED GOVERNANCE IN WALES of political processes and, particularly, whether migrant groups. Much of this research migration for receiving societies; integration, Dr Charlotte Aull Davies is grant-holder for policy developments incorporate a greater highlights the gap between the experiences social cohesion and migrant identity; public two recent major research projects supported by awareness of women’s and gender issues. The of those who are forced to leave their attitudes towards asylum and migration; and the Economic and Social Research Council, political and organisational culture of the countries of origin and the conceptualisation the linkages between migration and broader both of which examine different aspects and National Assembly will be compared with that of the refugee experience. It suggests that development processes taking place in the consequences of the process of devolved of local government where women’s policy and practice towards asylum seekers countries from which migrants originate. representation is only 20 per cent. This will and refugees is based on a series of governance in Wales. The School is committed to producing policy- provide timely information about the extent to gendered (and other) assumptions, which are relevant research which will contribute to The first of these (Mass Education, National which increasing women’s representation at in turn used to justify political decisions about current and future understanding of international Identity and Citizenship: Policy Development one level of government affects both the the need (or otherwise) to protect individuals mobility, and Dr Crawley’s research is valued and Transmission, with Dr Nigel Exell) looked development and implementation of policies from persecution. These assumptions also for its timeliness and relevance by those at the ways in which education policy may that enhance women’s substantive inform political and public understanding of responsible for influencing and delivering policy promote a national cultural identity and a sense representation at other levels of government. the economic, social and cultural in this area. Previously head of asylum research of national citizenship among primary and The project will also explore the extent to which contributions that individuals and groups are secondary school pupils. The project considered at the Home Office and Associate Director at non-governmental campaigning organisations able to make to contemporary societies. the Institute for Public Policy Research, Dr the process of policy formation and involved in political activity around gender and Recent research funded by the Nuffield Crawley has acted in an advisory capacity to development at the national level, the influence feminist issues are able to affect policy. In this of political leaders and organisations in the way, the research will inform policy makers Foundation also focuses on the experiences a wide range of governmental and non- education bureaucracy and input from other about the openness of government at local and of children who are subject to UK governmental organisations and agencies non-governmental organisations with an interest regional levels to civil society actors organising immigration control and has highlighted the including the Home Affairs Select Committee, in this policy area. It also looked at the process around gender-based issues. This is of interest growing tension between policy and practice Athens Migration Policy Initiative (AMPI), of policy transmission and its realisation in both within the UK and further afield in view of in family law, and immigration law. This National Audit Office, and Joseph Rowntree schools in a variety of localities. With the international agreements which commit tension is closely associated with the Foundation. creation of the National Assembly, Wales is at governments to increasing women’s access to politicisation of asylum and immigration For further information, please contact a particularly significant stage in the process of decision-making and leadership. policy and the increasing use of the welfare promoting a national identity. This can be seen state as a tool for controlling immigration. Dr Heaven Crawley in the prominence given by political parties to For further information, please contact Other research themes include the political, [email protected] the nature of this identity and the emphasis on Dr Charlotte Aull Davies economic and social consequences of inclusivity in the political process and in public [email protected] understandings of who can claim to be Welsh. This particular ‘historic moment’ in Wales provides a unique opportunity for social INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: research into the processes of nation building POLITICAL AND POLICY RESPONSES more generally, in particular the crucial links International migration is one of the between mass education and the growth of fundamental issues shaping contemporary national consciousness, as these links are human societies. The unprecedented scale of actually being forged. international population movements by those in search of protection, employment, The second project (Gender and Political education and family reunion creates Processes in the Context of Devolution, with economic, social and political opportunities Professor Nickie Charles, Dr Stephanie and challenges. As a result, asylum and Jones and Dr Emma James) has been migration issues have never been higher on inspired by the significant increases in the UK and European political and policy proportion of women political representatives in agendas. the new devolved legislatures in Scotland and Wales. In Wales the National Assembly Research on international migration achieved gender balance in the 2003 undertaken within the School is led by Dr elections, with 50 per cent of Assembly Heaven Crawley and focuses on the social, Members being women. Using Wales as a economic and political causes of case study, this project is investigating the international migration, and on the political extent to which an increase in the proportion of and policy responses of countries who women representatives in devolved government receive asylum seekers, refugees and other is associated with a change in the gendering 104 Name of school Swansea University Breakthrough 105

IRISH AMERICA the Migrants Association in Athens (of which NATIONAL CENTRE FOR Dr Clutton and Dr James); an evaluation of the A reviewer in the American Anthropologist, Dr Kenna is an Honorary Life Member), PUBLIC POLICY contribution of ELWa (Education and Learning writing of Professor Reg Byron’s book Irish returned migrants and resident islanders, The National Centre for Public Policy is a Wales) to the development and implementation America (Oxford University Press, 1999), particularly in tourism development is constituent part of the Department of of education and skills policy for adults said: “In an anthropological world in which another major theme of the research. She Geography and the School of the Environment (Professor Sullivan, Mr Fowler); an investigation cultural identities and ethnicity are privileged will make an initial investigation of the and Society. It has the following objectives of the equality policies of local government in topics, Byron’s book is an exemplar of how a Migrants Association, its activities in Athens, Wales (Professor Sullivan, Mr Williams and Dr • to provide commissioned research and social anthropologist might approach these its fund-raising activities for projects on the Wooding of NHS Wales); and research – in policy advice services to the NHS and to issues and how critical approaches remain island, and its relationship with the recently conjunction with the Shaw Trust and the local government in Wales; central to our discipline.” Irish America was formed organisation for preserving island Disability Commission – on the scope and the product of a decade’s research on the traditional customs founded by returnee • to work with the National Assembly for nature of disability in Wales (Ms Latrreille). migrants on the island. ways in which the contemporary Wales to provide policy analysis and advice Professor Sullivan is currently engaged by the descendants of mid nineteenth-century Irish Anafi has a population of around 250 and to ministers, Assembly members and officials; Organisation for Security and Cooperation in immigrants saw themselves, or not, as “Irish”, was once regarded by the islanders • to undertake and facilitate fundamental Europe to carry out research and consultancy and what “Irishness” might mean in modern, themselves as being “a hundred years behind research in the development, making and aimed at developing robust and pluralistic multicultural America. Professor Byron the rest of the world”. It was once thought implementation of public policy. public policy-making frameworks in relation to followed up this study with another, also that the island would become depopulated Serbia-Montenegro. funded by the ESRC, that sought to but, thanks to migrant involvement and Its current and recent portfolio of applied social Other research highlights have been: the understand the social dynamics of “ethnicity” government intervention, agriculture and science research spans work commissioned evaluation of UK government SureStart among the nineteenth-century ancestors of tourism are thriving and so is the island. by the Welsh Assembly Government, local today’s Irish-Americans, using intermarriage government, health bodies, ELWa, the Welsh initiatives (Dr Clutton and Professor Sullivan); the as a measure of the strength or weakness of Interviews, archive research, and participant- Local Government Association, the evaluation of local government strategies for cultural differences. In 2001-02, he observation are the main methods for Organisation for Cooperation and Security young people (Dr Clutton); an investigation of travelled 20,000 miles across the USA, acquiring this information, and data from in Europe, the European Social Fund, the family and kinship networks in south west collecting more than 10,000 marriage previous research provides the basis for NHS Confederation, ESRC and the Equal Wales (Professor Sullivan as co-investigator with records involving Irish-born immigrants from comparison. Differences in adherence to Opportunities Commission. Professors Charles and Harris; )a major 47 county courthouses in 19 states. This ‘traditional’ practices between the island and evaluation of return to work services for Staff in the Centre have provided policy showed that by the 1870s heterogamous migrant communities are anticipated to be mentally ill people in Cardiff and the Vale (Dr advice to Welsh and UK governments: marriages, crossing over the boundaries of less than they were in the 1960s and Clutton, Ms Elliott and Ms McKay); research in Professor Sullivan played a significant part in religion and national origin, were occurring 1980s, the decades when two major studies conjunction with the Sainsbury Foundation on the development of the NHS Plan for Wales at significant rates among first-generation of the island and migrants were undertaken. improvements in mental health services in south (Improving Health in Wales: a plan for the Irish-born immigrants, especially women, and west Wales (Professor Sullivan and Ms Elliott); For further information, please contact NHS with its partners) and assisted in a review that for their American-born children and health and social need surveys in of primary health care in Wales as well as economic mobility had clearly overtaken Professor Margaret Kenna Carmarthenshire and Swansea (Professor contributing to the process of implementing the shared ancestral background (or “ethnicity”) [email protected] Sullivan and Mr Williams). Townsend Review of resource allocation in the as a prime consideration in mate selection. NHS; Professor Walters has researched and For further information, please contact developed the Strategy for Older People for Professor Mike Sullivan THE TRANSFORMATION OF A the Welsh Assembly Government and has [email protected] PERIPHERAL COMMUNITY provided advice to the Department of Health Professor Margaret Kenna (pictured), has and Social Care; Dr Clutton co-ordinated the been carrying out anthropological research Welsh Assembly Government’s child poverty on the Cycladic island of Anafi, and strategy and its youth justice strategy; and Ms among island migrants in Athens, since Bushell is currently seconded full-time to the 1966. The latest study of social change in Welsh Assembly to develop research and these two communities involves tracing evaluation of its social justice initiatives. alterations in naming patterns, dowry Recent research, yielding academic and policy provision and the transfer of property publications, has included: an investigation of between the generations. the levels of wealth and well-being in the British It also includes changes in ritual practices, Minority Ethnic populations in Wales (funded such as family vaults replacing ossuaries by EOC and carried out by Professor Sullivan, near outlying chapels. Interaction between 107 School of Health Science Head of School - Anne Hopkins www.swansea.ac.uk/health_science School of Health Science

The School of Health Science is characterised as much by its research as by its teaching, encouraging the open exchange of ideas within an environment that promotes research of the highest quality and integrity. Our academic identity is profoundly influenced by the importance that we place on research. Established in 1992, the School’s research in the health and social sciences draws on a culture of collegial cooperation within the community, the service sector and with research centres at the University and beyond. In doing so, it stimulates research that directly contributes to the health and prosperity of the people of Wales. This is achieved through a variety of cognate disciplines working in partnership with health care commissioners and providers, including nursing, midwifery, allied health professions, community and public health studies, primary health care, health promotion, health informatics, health care management, health economics and social policy. Establishing an Institute for Health Research has been crucial in focusing the School’s research strategy and activities, ensuring that the development of a productive research culture remains an important objective. It marks an important point in the School’s development, signifying more than ten years of research and becoming a major research body in the field of health and social sciences. The Institute is dedicated to advancing leading edge health and social sciences research. Composed of excellent scholars and researchers with a strong track record in research, this expertise now drives the School’s research and serves to focus activity in five ‘activity clusters’ namely: BioSciences, Economics of Health and Social Care, Philosophy of Health Care, Practitioner Research, and Social Organisation of Health Care. The importance of patient and public involvement in the School’s work is reflected in the ways in which research within the School maximises the involvement of patients and service users at all stages of the process. Much of the School’s research activity is internationally recognised as contributing to practice or policy development and the School has strong links with ; Argentina; Sweden; Holland; South Africa; China, Australia; and the USA as well as linking actively with other university research groups and individuals at: The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Universities of London, Leeds, Sheffield, Cardiff, Keele, Manchester and Oxford. The success of the School’s research strategy has led to increased research income from organisations including the Welsh Assembly Government, NHS Wales, The Health Foundation, the ESRC, the British Academy, the Leverhulme Trust, the Wellcome Trust, UK Sport, the Department of Health and the pharmaceutical industry.

Anne Hopkins Head, School of Health Science 108 School of Health Science Swansea University Breakthrough 109

BACKGROUND Science Research’. Featured on the day BIOSCIENCE were prominent key speakers from the health The School of Health Science was originally Primarily concerned with taking data directly and social care arena across the UK, with established in 1992 and has multiple sites from the patient or acting directly on the keynote speeches delivered by Mrs Ann located at Singleton Park, Morriston, patient, bioscience research, can therefore Lloyd, Director of NHS Wales, Welsh Carmarthen and Aberystwyth. change medical practice through the provision Assembly Government, and Professor Mansel of improved outcomes for patients. Bioscience The School is made up of 11 academic Aylward CB, Chair of the newly created research is of necessity strongly centres. The centres have expertise in a range Wales Centre for Health, which has a role in multidisciplinary, requiring team members from of health care-related disciplines including protecting and improving health and well- nursing, midwifery and allied health being in Wales. clinicians and nurses through to biochemists, professional practice, economics, policy, all with one goal – to alleviate human The event focused on the cutting edge philosophy, humanities, ethics, law, informatics suffering. Current research in this field covers developments taking place both within the and biomedical sciences. The centres areas such as audiology, maggot therapy and Institute and the health and social care fields, undertake related teaching and research haemodialysis. bringing together health researchers, key activities associated with these disciplines. decision makers, health professionals and The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance in The School's mission is to provide high quality other stakeholders from throughout the health bacteria is one of the more significant threats education training and research for all those care, voluntary, academic and government faced by our health care system, and has involved in the provision of health care through sectors across Wales. “Designed for Life”, turned relatively harmless infections into the use of effective teaching methods and the the Welsh Assembly Government’s new ten potentially life-threatening illnesses. In response application of research. The research function year strategy for health and social care health care practitioners, and scientists, of the School is managed by the Research services in Wales, highlights the importance working within the health care system have Committee and by the newly established of research and development in providing us been forced to look further afield in the search Institute for Health Research. with the evidence base on which to make for new ways of treating infections. policy, and develop and implement new Maggot therapy is one new weapon in the models of service delivery. Collaboration is INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH RESEARCH fight against antibiotic resistance – work over essential to its success, and the Institute for the past few years has shown the ability of Translating Health and Social Science Health Research can play an important role in The study is an interdisciplinary collaborative certain types of maggots to successfully Research the venture. venture being undertaken at Swansea remove chronically infected and dead tissue University by Professor Norman Ratcliffe in Research into the health and social sciences is Expertise within the Institute for Health from wound sites where other conventional the School of the Environment and Society; Dr crucial in enhancing the quality of health care Research is divided into five distinct areas: methods have failed. Yamni Nigam, School of Health Science, available to patients throughout all stages in the biosciences, health economics, philosophy A team at the University have secured a and Professor Russell Newton and Dr Ed their journey through our health and social of health care, research into health care £133,000 grant from the charity Action Dudley of the Biomolecular Analysis Mass care system. However research into these practices, and the organisation of health care Medical Research to continue their scientific Spectometry (BAMS) facility. They are working areas is still relatively new and, as a result, systems, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature research that aims to isolate novel antibiotics closely with Dr Steve Thomas from Zoobiotic, rapidly developing in both quantity and of research in health and social care. from maggot secretions that are active against a spin-out company from Bro Morgannwg quality. To ensure research is not hindered Underpinning all research activity is a strong NHS Trust, responsible for the rearing and and continues to push forward the boundaries base of expertise in a variety of quantitative bacterial infections, including the potentially supply of maggots for clinical use in the UK of research into these fields, the School of and qualitative research methodologies, fatal MRSA. and Europe wide. Health Science created and launched one of covering disciplines such as policy and The researchers are currently exploring the the newest research centres to spring from service evaluation, ethnographic studies and antibacterial mechanisms behind maggot For further information, please contact Swansea University, the Institute for Health action research. These are organised in therapy, investigating maggot secretions and Professor Norman Ratcliffe Research. The Institute has developed from a professorial units which function within the their ability to kill a range of microorganisms. track record of nearly 15 years in research School to provide leadership and support for The results obtained will highlight diseases as [email protected] and has become the focus for multidisciplinary research. These are directed to creating wide- potential targets for treatment. The team or Dr Yamni Nigam research into health and social care at ranging collaborative links with national and hopes to purify the antimicrobial molecules [email protected] Swansea University, reflecting the diversity of international partners, in academic institutions, and subsequently determine their mode of activities and areas of expertise. provider, and commissioning agencies. action and molecular structure. This will pave the way for the eventual synthesis of the The Institute’s official launch in October 2005 For further information, please contact was marked by a successful and high profile active molecules and subsequent use in Professor Ceri Phillips conference entitled ‘Research Policy to patient therapy. Practice: Translating Health and Social [email protected] 110 School of Health Science Swansea University Breakthrough 111

ECONOMICS OF HEALTH AND PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF PRACTITIONER RESEARCH processes affecting a range of health and SOCIAL CARE HEALTH CARE social care organisations and user groups. A workforce highly skilled in the latest This has included exploring user and public To enable any health and social care The effective care of patients involves more knowledge and skills in health care practice, perspectives; social exclusion and marginality; service or facility to be improved requires than just a set of practical techniques. Rather it must be informed by a strong research base. and changing health care organisations, an understanding of how effective it is a collection of techniques which are applied Through researching health care practices, boundaries and relationships. Some of this currently is, and how effective the within a well established and robust practitioners and their professional education, work has an international dimension including proposed changes could be. Health philosophical and ethical framework to guide practitioner research is able to enhance the work of Professor David Hughes on economics helps meet these aims. Studies the care of patients. This field of research current professional practice, while also Thailand health care systems. of the implementation and assessment of concentrates on both the philosophical and investigating the theoretical and philosophical the extent or burden of illnesses, along with ethical scrutiny of key aspects of health care issues of research and practice methodology A research study led by Professor Joy programme interventions, technology which are used to underpin all health care and the interface between research, theory Merrell has confirmed that more school evaluations, and policy development are theory and practice, and can involve the and practice. This is currently being translated nurses will need to be recruited to meet the crucial in being able to bring about long philosophy of nursing or disablement, medical into a network of Practice Development Units increasing health needs of school-aged term improvements in health care services. ethics, the overlap of health care law and across South West Wales. children in Wales. ethics, amongst others. The health of the workforce is crucial in The School recently collaborated with the The project was commissioned by the Welsh School of Nursing and Midwifery at Keele maintaining a strong and vibrant economy Research into the philosophy of health care Assembly Government and was undertaken University to investigate the ways in which as part of a wider collaborative study to for any country, and this is strongly and health care ethics are crucial in academic departments attempt to develop review primary care and community nursing supported by the Welsh Assembly establishing a scientifically sound research base nursing research capacity. across Wales. An interview survey mapped Government in its current policies. to underpin health care practices throughout school nursing provision across the health and Unfortunately these are being undermined society. Professor Steven Edwards, Dr Mike The research, led by Emeritus Professor education sectors in Wales. School nurses / by a range of factors including poor McNamee and Dr Thomas Schramme share Barbara Green, sought to contribute to HV managers from NHS Trusts / LHB, senior workforce retention and sickness absence, a strong commitment to this aim, and also in important policy and theoretical debates, such LEA personnel and head teachers / school of which the three most common causes ensuring the latest research findings are fed into as the move of nursing education into higher nurses from the independent sector were are back pain, stress and coronary heart the teaching of both undergraduate and education; and the growing importance of represented in the study. disease. To combat this, the Wales Health postgraduate courses. This is exemplified by research training and utilisation with the rise Work Report identified research into the current plans to utilise that common expertise in of evidence based practice in health care. The study revealed that 249 school nurses are producing a textbook on the philosophy of employed to provide services to 1,939 health-work interface as a major priority for Analysis of the data from the study spotlighted medicine, and a project funded by UK Sport, primary, secondary, special and independent Wales. five key themes: the specific strategies the body responsible for distributing both public developed by the schools involved in the schools in Wales. Work at the Institute for Health Research, investment and lottery monies to lead sport study; their attempts to develop a research School nurses play an essential role in led by Professor Ceri Phillips, is helping to throughout the UK to achieve world-class status. culture; the management and organisation of promoting the health of school-aged children address these problems by establishing a This 2-year project will explore the values and research capacity building initiatives; the key in Wales, their role has changed foundation from which subsequent health attitudes that young athletes hold, throughout problems and challenges encountered and considerably in recent years. However, a lack promotion strategies and projects can be England and Wales towards a drug-free sport the importance of the wider institutional and developed. Funded by the Wales Centre of policy direction and service specification (see page 112). policy contexts. for Health and Welsh Assembly regarding the nature, scope and content of Government, with partners drawn from both With research interests covering a number The results from the findings have been school nursing has caused a disparity in Cardiff and Keele Universities, the research of health care issues such as codes of presented at international conferences practice within and across the health and will look at the socio-economic and health conduct, disability, trans-humanism and the including the Nurse Education International education sectors. context of work with an empirical focus on concepts of health and disease, members of Conference in Canada and the Transforming The study identified that an intensive this group have been invited to give many the Merthyr Tydfil area. Health Care through Research, Education and programme of recruitment and sustained presentations on their specialist areas across Technology conference held in Dublin. investment in training is required to increase For further information, please contact the globe. Their research has resulted in a the number of qualified school nurses to meet range of books and articles in journals, SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF Professor Ceri Phillips HEALTH CARE the increasing health demands of the school- including ‘Nursing Philosophy’ and ‘Sport, aged population and to meet Wales’ public [email protected] Philosophy, Ethics’, which are edited by Without understanding how the pressures health agenda. members of this group. placed on wider health care systems influence them, it becomes difficult to ensure that our For further information, please contact For further information, please contact own health care system operates in the most Professor Joy Merrell Professor Steven Edwards effective way. Expertise here concentrates on [email protected] [email protected] investigating the changing structures and 112 School of Health Science Swansea University Breakthrough 113

• Iolanthe Midwifery Trust develop a new system that will speed up the • Honour Society of Nursing Wales coronary heart disease diagnosis process, reducing waiting times, providing a better all • Council of the Association for Medical round service to patients. Humanities The new high-tech system is the first of its The Institute is also represented on the All- kind in the UK. It utilises the investments Wales Medicines Strategy Group, which in made in the network infrastructure throughout addition to technology appraisals plays a pivotal role in determining policies relating to the NHS in Wales and enables GPs to make medicines management within Wales. appointments direct from the surgery computer to one of three local hospitals, Equally important are the links that have cutting time-consuming letter writing and developed with international academic enabling patients to see a cardiologist within colleagues in places such as weeks from first visiting their GP with Mahasarakham, Thailand; Jönköping, symptoms of heart failure or chest pain. The Sweden; Cape Town, South Africa; system has the potential to save many lives Adelaide, Australia; and, New Jersey & and has been designed specifically to meet Minnesota, USA. SWANSEA STUDY TO PLAY KEY ROLE IN With the momentum growing towards the the needs of the local community. BRITISH SPORTS ARENA London Games of 2012, understanding the HEALTH INFORMATICS The system received a National Leadership attitudes towards doping and anti-doping Researchers from the Institute of Health The Health Informatics team, led by Barry and Innovation Agency for Healthcare policies and practices, and indeed the Research, are set to play a major role in a UK Goldberg, has developed technology (NLIAH) award for demonstrating innovation athlete’s own health, will be critical in the UK’s athlete-centered campaign that has been designed to support the delivery of care to in health care. The team is now lead against illicit performance enhancement. designed to increase understanding of anti- demonstrating the technology to other local Findings from the project will contribute to a patients with suspected cardiac problems. doping practices and policies and to promote health boards. programme of research being undertaken in The system was recently showcased at a the benefits of a drug-free sporting nation. national conference aimed at tackling this field over the next seven years and will For further information, please contact This collaborative study with other universities is inform future developments and practices inequalities in coronary heart disease across funded by UK Sport. The first phase of the within the sporting world. Wales. The team has been working with Barry Goldberg research will run over the next two years and is health professionals at Torfaen Local Health [email protected] led by Dr Mike McNamee. The research will For further information, please contact Board and Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust to explore the values and attitudes of one Dr Mike McNamee thousand talented young athletes (aged 12- 20), many of whom already receive lottery [email protected] funded support, relating to current anti-doping rules and regulations. The research will also COLLABORATIVE LINKS investigate how these views can change as an Collaborative links and partners are highly athlete’s career develops. important to the Institute’s research. UK Sport, the country’s national anti-doping Academic links have been formed with organisation, is committed to promoting an Schools of similar expertise throughout the ethically fair and drug-free sporting field, with UK, such as the Universities of London, the aim of producing sportsmen and women Exeter, Keele, Manchester and Oxford. The who are competing and winning fairly. This Institute has been proactive in forging links research will provide a valuable insight into with highly regarded and influential bodies how young athletes’ attitudes towards drugs in throughout the health care sector. These sports develop as their careers progress. This in organisations and groups include: turn will impact on work in anti-doping • International Council of Sport Science and education, and will also help with the distribution of drug tests as we continue to Physical Education evolve the conception of ‘intelligent testing’ • Wales Health Work Partnership which looks to concentrate testing on those • International Philosophy of Nursing considered to be in a ‘high risk’ zone of their Society performance cycle. 114 School of Health Science Swansea University Breakthrough 115

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY included funded work on contracting and Professor Lesley Griffiths has been appointed rationing in the NHS and relationships recently to a Personal Chair. Her research between managers and health care interests lie in the fields of medical sociology professionals. She is currently working on two and health policy in both the national and DH (SDO) funded projects, one which international arena. explores the impact of incentives and governance arrangements on health care She is currently working on a number of professionals and one which explores patient research projects, including the Clinical choice and its variation across the four Research Collaboration Centre Cymru – the devolved nations of the UK. She is also Wales Office of Research and Development involved in the 6th European Framework funded organisation established in Wales to Programme’s Research and Development provide infrastructure support for health and Reflexive Governance project, in which she is social care research. This organisation has working with academic experts from a variety provided funding which allows for the of higher education and research institutions in establishment on an all Wales basis of a France, Hungary and Italy. number of core research infrastructure functions and Professor Griffiths takes the academic lead For further information, please contact for involving patients, service users and carers Professor Lesley Griffiths in research in Wales (Involving People/Cynnwys Pobl). She works in [email protected] partnership to achieve this with the Wales Council of Voluntary Associations. This WALES’ FIRST PROFESSOR OF important area of research activity is ensuring midwives and thereby improve the quality of Professor Hunter is the Chair of the All Wales MIDWIFERY that Wales' research infrastructure meshes maternity care. Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Professor Billie Hunter was recently Forum; She will be Chair of the Iolanthe easily with that in the wider UK context, and Current research includes investigating the appointed as Wales’ first Professor of Midwifery Trust from November 2006 and is internationally, and offers an opportunity for implementation of the All Wales Clinical Midwifery. She has undertaken a number of Advisory Group Member for the International Wales to take the lead in the best quality Pathway for Normal Labour, supported by a research studies with the potential to enhance Confederation of Midwives Expert Advisory research across the health and social care field Leading Practice Through Research Award from midwifery practice and improve the care of Group on Midwifery and Maternal Health which fully involves patients, service users and the Health Foundation. The clinical pathway is mothers and babies. Research. She also sits on the editorial panel carers. She has extensive experience of a unique decision-making tool used by for the Evidence Based Midwifery Journal, qualitative research in health and social care Professor Hunter’s research encompasses the midwives caring for low risk women, with the and is on the International Advisory Board for and a particular interest in the involvement of working practices of midwives, and how these intention of reducing unnecessary intervention the journal 'Midwifery'. patients, service users and carers in all stages impact on midwife job satisfaction, and the in childbirth. It plays a key role in Welsh of the research process. quality of maternity care. She has a particular maternity policy. The study uses ethnographic For further information, please contact Professor Griffiths has also worked alongside a interest in the emotional aspects of midwifery observation and interviews with midwives, Professor Billie Hunter number of research partners including patients, work, and her PhD research in this area is mothers, managers and doctors in two Welsh service users and carers to carry out funded considered groundbreaking and of international maternity Units, as well as interviews with those [email protected] work in the areas of mental health and illness, significance. She is also interested in women’s involved in initial policy making. The study aims the experiences of sexually abused children experiences of childbirth and motherhood. to explore how policy is translated from paper into practice, from the perspective of those who and their families, domestic violence and This research has implications for health policy, are using the clinical pathway ‘on the ground’. mental illness, the health needs of communities clinical practice and education. Concerns Findings will be available from December and the experiences of stroke patients about the quality of UK maternity care and 2006 and it is anticipated that they will have discharged from hospital with multiple workforce shortages have been the subject of direct implications for maternity policy and continuing needs. This partnership approach considerable media and professional attention midwifery practice. has always enhanced the research process over the past few years. Professor Hunter’s and outcomes. research studies use qualitative research Possible new research ventures include A second strand of her work involves the methods to provide an in-depth exploration of collaboration with clinical colleagues and exploration of the social organisation of health the culture of maternity care, thus enhancing AWARD to compare the costs, processes and and social care, again in collaboration with a understanding of these issues. The ultimate aim outcomes of midwifery-led care in Wales with range of research partners, and this has is to find ways to enhance the working lives of obstetric-led care. 117 School of Human Sciences Deputy Head of School and Head of Research - Dr Kevin Haines www.swansea.ac.uk/human_sciences School of Human Sciences

The School of Human Sciences comprises four disciplines of mutually enhancing empirical and theoretical approaches to the study of human behaviour: Applied Social Sciences, Childhood Studies, Psychology, and Sports Science. Research in the School encompasses work ranging from the study of the individual, the individual and groups in their social contexts, and studies of social structures and their impact on social groups and individuals. This research embraces the whole life-span, and ranges through theoretically-driven laboratory-based studies, clinical approaches, to those areas with strongly focused policy and applied functions. These research programmes are driven by a range of theory about human functioning and its place in society and more widely within evolution. Staff in the Department of Applied Social Sciences (rated 5A in RAE 2001) continue to develop their research on social policy, public services and criminal justice through two established research centres in Criminology and Criminal Justice and Child Welfare, and through new Centres for research on Ageing and the Social Care Workforce. Childhood Studies is a new department that is highly ambitious in terms of research. The five main areas of research activity are inclusion, participation and children’s rights; young children, play and learning (including outdoor play); children, media and digital technology; interagency and multidisciplinary working; and innovative research methods with children. Psychology is currently investing heavily in research, and has recently appointed a Professor in Cognitive Psychology and a Professor in Cognitive Neuropsychology, with further plans to appoint a chair in Neuroscience. Research is supported by a laboratory infrastructure that includes an EMG/ECG psychophysiological measurement lab, extensive EEG/ERP facilities, a social observation lab with multi-camera, multi-monitor equipment, a sleep lab with five sound proof cubicles in an isolated chamber, and a perception lab with several computers equipped with hardware for ms-accuracy reaction time measurement. Research in Sports Science is conducted within the Sport and Exercise Research Group (SESRG). The group was established in 2001 and currently consists of nine researchers working in three broad multidisciplinary subgroups: applied physiology in sport, cognition and behaviour in sport performance, biomechanics and motor control. The School of Human Sciences embodies strong areas of academic synergy, enabling an integrated approach to research whilst facilitating excellence in specialist areas of academic work. The School provides critical mass for research in the areas of applied social policy, behaviour, childhood studies, child welfare, cognitive and social development, criminology, social medicine, social work, and gerontology. Research within the school is well supported by external funding, and much activity is focused through research centres – often based on interdisciplinary and inter- institutional links.

Dr Kevin Haines Deputy Head of School and Head of Research 118 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 119

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES study of Black and Asian offenders on views of the partner agencies that work with and preventative measures. This suggests a Staff in the Department of Social Sciences (rated probation, involving a consortium of four the YOT and refer young people onto the local public opinion mediated by national 5A in RAE 2001) continue to develop their Universities and another Home Office grant of programme, as well as the the staff who plan media and political rhetoric, rather than the research on social policy, public services and £316,000. The Centre is led by Professor and deliver the programme local realities of youth offending. Peter Raynor, Dr Kevin Haines and Dr criminal justice through the established research Principally, the study focuses on the core Maurice Vanstone. For further information, please contact centres in Criminology and Criminal Justice and themes of service delivery, young people in Child-related Research (now an The Centre is also active internationally (for participation and their views of the Dr Kevin Haines interdisciplinary Centre), and through new example, Dr Haines was an advisor to the effectiveness of the intervention, and parental [email protected] Centres for research on Ageing (headed by Government of Romania, where he spent engagement. Professor Judith Phillips) and the Social Care several years setting up a Probation Service) Through exploration of these themes, the study Criminal justice in a microstate: work in the Workforce (headed by Professor Peter and in policy development and advisory work seeks to compare the expressed views of Island of Jersey Huxley). Research grants of approximately in the UK (for example, Professor Raynor is a research participants against the stated aims The Channel Islands are small self-governing £340,000 were attracted in the last year, member of Government Accreditation Panels and expected outcomes of the programme. territories which have to deal economically and including support for the Older People and for offender programmes in England and Based upon data obtained from participants, effectively with much the same problems of Ageing Research and Development Network. Wales and Scotland, and gives specialist the pilot study will identify gaps in service social policy and administration faced by other, The underpinning emphasis of research in the advice on offender management to the delivery and areas where client identified larger states. These include criminal justice Department continues to be on the understanding Scottish Executive, the Wales Assembly improvement could occur. policy, and for the last ten years researchers of social problems and social welfare, and on Government, the National Offender from the Department of Applied Social the evidence-based development and appraisal Management Service, and the Jersey For further information, please contact Sciences have been working with the Jersey of social policy and social welfare practice. An Probation and After-Care Service). active cohort of sixteen postgraduate research Dr Kevin Haines Probation and After-Care Service and the students benefits from the Department’s active For further information, please contact [email protected] Jersey Government’s ‘Building a Safer Society’ research culture and from its interdisciplinary links team to improve the management of offenders Professor Peter Raynor in the community, and to study and evaluate with the other Departments in the School, with Public opinion and youth crime the School of Law and with the School of the [email protected] the Island’s ancient and unique system of Environment and Society. Since 2004, Dr Kevin Haines and Dr parish-based community justice. Professor Peter Anger Management Stephen Case have collaborated with Raynor and Helen Miles (the research officer in CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE undergraduate and postgraduate criminology Jersey’s Probation Service) have presented and RESEARCH This research comprises a pilot study assessing students to conduct an annual public opinion updated the results of this research in several the effectiveness of the youth anger articles and conference papers, as well as in Centre for Criminal Justice and survey of youth crime and justice with the management programme operated by the Swansea general public. In 2004-05, the the research reports published on the States of Criminology Swansea Youth Offending Team (YOT). An survey addressed public attitudes to the Jersey website, and the Island is gradually The Research Centre for Criminal Justice and anger management intervention, predicated on sentencing of young offenders, whilst in achieving a criminological prominence out of Criminology (CCJC) was set up in 1994 to a cognitive behavioural approach, has been 2005-06, the topic was anti-social behaviour all proportion to its size. The outcomes have promote applied research on crime and used in work with young offenders and those by young people. Findings from the 2005 included new risk assessment and evaluation offenders, to supervise research students and at risk of offending in an attempt to resolve the survey will be compared to those of a sister methods for probation services (now being to disseminate research through publication potentially negative effects of uncontrolled survey in Plymouth. adopted also in Scotland and Ireland), and the and postgraduate teaching. In the last five anger and low self esteem. Referrals onto the sponsorship by the Island of a PhD studentship Each year, gender and age differences in years staff of the Centre have produced some anger management programme come from a in Swansea. estimations of, and attitudes to, youth crime 80 research publications, and have made variety of agencies and a range of techniques and anti-social behaviour, and Giving a voice to Black and Asian contributions to the study of community have been used by staff to support young recommendations for appropriate official offenders on probation penalties; pre-sentence reports; youth justice; people participating in the intervention. responses to these behaviours are compared to The problem of providing fair and equal substance abuse; the reduction of crime The research sets out to evaluate whether the official and self-reported statistics nationally and treatment for people from ethnic minorities in committed by young people; the perpetrators anger management programme is effectively locally. In particular, attitudes to sentencing the criminal justice system has been a major and victims of sexual offences against meeting the needs of the young people who and preventative measures are evaluated with concern of policy-makers and practitioners for children; the control of prostitution; and the engage in the intervention, their families, reference to Swansea’s positive, inclusionary some years, and particularly since the assessment of risks and needs presented by referring agencies and the members of the approach to young people. publication in 1999 of the Macpherson Report offenders. Important recent studies include a intervention delivery team. two-stage evaluation of projects for the Findings from 2004-05 indicate that the on the Stephen Lawrence inquiry. In 2001 a resettlement of prisoners, carried out with The study has sought the views of those young Swansea public overestimates the extent of team from the Universities of Swansea, Cardiff and Bristol Universities and supported people who were referred onto or attended the youth crime nationally and locally, yet it Lancaster, Glamorgan and Lincoln successfully by grants exceeding £300,000 from the anger management programme, and their remains ambivalent about appropriate competed for the contract to carry out a study Home Office, and the first comprehensive parents or carers. The study also sought the sentencing responses, favouring both punitive for the Home Office concerning the needs and 120 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 121

experiences of Black and Asian offenders Domestic violence stimulant use in this setting has been largely Understanding young people’s supervised in the community by the Probation omitted, as has polydrug use (including participation Neath Port Talbot Magistrates Court is one of Service. The largest study of its kind in Europe, alcohol), and the use of a variety of drugs to 25 courts in England and Wales selected to Participation of young people in decision this involved detailed interviews with nearly alleviate comedowns after a heavy weekend’s pilot a new system of specialist domestic making has been seen as one of the means to 500 supervised offenders from minority ethnic clubbing. The current research explores the violence courts to deal with criminal cases gain better knowledge of children’s realities and communities all over England and Wales and relationship between substance use and club involving domestic violence. Neath Port Talbot experiences. However, participation itself has produced a wealth of information about their culture in a more multidimensional, holistic and Council’s Community Safety Partnership has different meanings and experiences of children’s needs, their experiences of the criminal justice realistic manner, whilst also reflecting the commissioned the Department of Applied Social participation vary from a context to another. This system, and what sort of supervision was likely importance of looking to multiple structural, Sciences to conduct an evaluation of the new project, prepared by Dr Antonella Invernizzi, to prove effective for them. The Swansea cultural and individual explanations for court system. The research team comprises Dr Dr Judith Ennew and Mr Brian Milne, therefore members of the team, led by Professor Peter clubbers’ drug use, rather than seeking simple, Tracey Sagar (Applied Social Sciences), Ms aims to contribute to knowledge on children’s Raynor, were responsible for the study’s monocausal ones. Jane Williams and Michaela Leyshon participation, particularly focusing on methodology, for reviewing past policies, for experiences by collectives of children aiming to the analysis and interpretation of the interview (School of Law), and Superintendent (rtd.) For further information, please contact Heather Murray O.B.E. The study will evaluate influence policy-making. data, and for coordinating the drafting of the Rhianon Bayliss report to the Home Office in 2004. This has the impact of the new procedures on victims, In the southern countries, some NGOs (some of had a substantial impact on policy and perpetrators, families, communities and the Email [email protected] them more than 20 years old) started their practice in relation to this group of offenders. agencies involved. The overall aim of the projects by building on competence and Other outcomes included the appointment of research is to help the court and other agencies CHILDREN’S RESEARCH strategies children displayed in their (very part of the team to carry out a further study of assess the working of the system. The research harsh) everyday lives. They progressively built Supporting children’s rights and young Irish offenders in the North-West of England; team hopes to conduct further field work on organisations where children today lead people’s initiatives the publication of the successful book Race and gender violence with the aim of assessing the initiatives at the local, national and international Probation in 2006. benefits of, and obstacles to, systematic The strong commitment of the Welsh Assembly level, influencing practice and policy making. responses where various forms of gender Government in the promotion of Children’s In the European context, children’s participation For further information, please contact violence are central to a woman’s life and to Rights is visible in Welsh policies and in policy making is more often associated with identify ways of making justice more accessible Professor Peter Raynor legislations. Funky Dragon (the Children and a more abstract concept of citizenship and for women who suffer from connected forms of Young People’s Assembly for Wales) also adult created structures (such as: youth [email protected] gender violence such as those women who are exemplifies efforts to promote inclusive and parliaments, school councils, etc.) have abused through domestic violence, prostitution meaningful participation of young people. increased in number in order to promote and sexual exploitation through trafficking. Among their most recent activities is the children’s inclusion. preparation of an Alternative Report to the UN For further information, please contact The research aims to compare at first two Committee on the Rights of the Child by Welsh organisations of children and young people, Dr Tracey Sagar youth. Only a limited number of Reports by Funky Dragon (Wales) and Concerned for [email protected] youth have actually been so far submitted to Working Children (India), examining specific the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child interests of the children involved, participatory and the process is innovative and pioneering. Researching the relationship between exchanges, organisations and structures, as substance use and club culture Members of the Department are involved in the well as the socio-economic and cultural context. project as advisors of young people who The research design includes spaces where There are several dimensions (legal, manage the research project as well as decisions about research questions, tools, criminological, sociological, cultural) to the analysis and writing are shared with young supporting Funky Dragon’s staff. The research relationship between substance use and club people and staff in the organisations. planned by young people uses pioneering culture, which are being examined by means of methodologies; it is progressive in focus and An important outcome of the project will be a ethnographically exploring the perspectives of design, goes hand in hand with progressive set of criteria for constructing a typology of the different groups directly involved in it – capacity building and with a constant learning experiences of collective participation of clubbers, DJs, producers, promoters, club from experience. Funky Dragon will collect children and a set of flexible criteria for the owners, and the dance music media. Centrally, information from children across Wales in order evaluation of these same experiences, which the research will seek to unravel the complexities to report on levels of access to children’s rights will be created in partnership with of the substance use/club culture relationship. to the UN Committee based in Geneva. organisations and young people. Most published work in this area focuses solely on clubbers, and, in relation to their drug use, For further information, please contact For further information, please contact has focused largely on ecstasy and (to a lesser Dr Kevin Haines Dr Antonella Invernizzi extent) amphetamine. Cocaine and other [email protected] [email protected] 122 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 123

GERONTOLOGY/AGEING RESEARCH Sciences. Regional Network leads are based in Swansea, Bangor and Cardiff Universities. Service planning and delivery for older Other academic and clinical researchers with people a special interest in older people and ageing A three year research programme has been working across health and medicine and funded by Powys County Council and social care are also involved. Thematic and Rhondda Cynon Taff County Borough Council generic groups include professional and aimed at delivering improvements in service networks as well as networks and knowledge based practice, service planning groups of service users and carers. and delivery for older people. The research will lead to the creation of a comprehensive OPAN Cymru takes a strategic approach to strategy to meet the current and future needs of research development, working with the older people. The work will centre on how Welsh Assembly, All Wales Alliance for independence can be promoted and realised Research and Development in health and for older people as well as what strategies social care (AWARD), Clinical Research Co- and attitudes social workers should adopt to ordinating Centre Cymru (CRCCC), research make a difference in achieving independence networks in Wales and other parts of the UK for older people. The research will also and Europe and research funding bodies. engage in a specific piece of work on two Recent research grants include £236,640 levels - to develop an evidence base on which from The Welsh Office of Research and services for older people can be planned and Development and £372,000 from the to increase the capacity to develop the Department of Health for evaluation of the workforce and to improve practice. A costs and benefits of computerised on-scene systematic review of literature, surveys of decision support for emergency ambulance community populations and an evaluation of The Wales International Centre for interdisciplinary Centre for Child Research. good practice examples will be part of the personnel to assess and plan appropriate Childhood Studies (See page 138.) methodology. Dissemination and care for older people who have fallen: a The Wales International Centre for Childhood Same sex couples and adoption implementation workshops with practitioners randomised controlled trial (with the Studies was formally established by the will also feature as part of the programme. emergency care network). The Department, with the Department of Law, University in 1998 to provide, for the first time Bristol University, is carrying out research to The Older People and Ageing Research For further information, please contact in Wales, a research centre dedicated to the ascertain social worker perspectives regarding and Development Network (Cymru) study of children and children’s issues. Under Professor Judith Phillips the impact of the Adoption and Children Act the Direction of Professor Matthew Colton, OPAN (Cymru) was set up in 2005 2002, and in particular the eligibility of same [email protected] the Centre attracted research funding and following a successful scoping study. The sex couples to adopt under the Act. The conducted important studies in a range of aim of the network is to improve and research found that from the social worker WORKFORCE RESEARCH child-related areas, including; child sex enhance the well-being of older people perspective the adoption process remains abusers, commercial sexual exploitation of through increasing research capacity in the Physical and sexual abuse of children in discriminatory and generally problematic for young people, children in the social work field of ageing. The study set out a 3-year residential care same-sex adopters, with certain issues system, young carers, children’s participation action plan to build this research capacity demonstrating a misalignment between theory In recent years there have been numerous in decision making, children’s rights, child and to improve communication between the and practice. The principal researchers Dr cases of the physical and sexual abuse of labour and child protection. An international research, policy and practitioner Tracey Sagar and Emma Hitchings hope to children in residential care. Such care has seminar series (organised jointly with the communities. The network will focus upon: extend the research to examine more closely subsequently been perceived as a ‘placement School of Law) on interdisciplinary enhancing the quality and volume of social worker expectations of ‘gendered roles’ of last resort’, and this has impacted negatively approaches to children’s rights has recently research; improving the integration of policy, and duties for same sex adopters where on staff morale, recruitment and retention. concluded. The proceedings, Invernizzi, A & practice and research; improving the couples embark on the path of adoption. Policy and legislative changes have emerged Williams, J. ‘Children and Citizenship’, will coordination of research both across and Importantly, the project aims to critically assess in the attempt to further protect vulnerable be published by Sage. within health, social care and clinical young people and improve outcomes for gender explicit roles for same sex couples who specialisms, and strengthening research children in need, and there is now an The achievements of the Wales International adopt in light of non-discriminatory practice. collaborations across and within sectors. Centre for Childhood Studies and the growing emphasis on workforce planning and a interest in child-related research across a For further information, please contact The co-directors are Professor Judith Phillips, national training strategy. Against this breadth of traditional academic boundaries led Dr Tracey Sagar Department of Applied Social Sciences and background, Professor Matthew Colton and to a proposal in 2003 to establish an Dr Susan Lambert, School of Health Susan Roberts recently investigated staff [email protected] 124 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 125

morale, qualifications and retention in AFTER SOCIAL CAREWORK Quality of Life measures • Investigating the causes of recruitment and residential child care in Wales. The research retention difficulties Mental Health Social Workers and Staff have been involved in the development of was funded by the Social Education Trust, and Consultant Psychiatrists the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, (which has • Investigating the impacts of recruitment undertaken in collaboration with the National initiatives on staffing, staff and service users been used extensively in the UK, Europe and in Children's Bureau. Staff conducted a national survey of mental (eg recruiting from overseas) health social workers and consultant Boulder, USA) and its shorter version the It examined levels of morale, the perceived • Evaluating systems for the routine collection psychiatrists across England and Wales with MANSA, which was chosen as one of four links between morale, training and of social care workforce data the Royal College of Psychiatrists Research Unit. measures to be included in the Department of qualifications, the extent to which staff feel The research examined recruitment, vacancies, Health's national pilot study of outcomes. 2. Social Care Workforce Development, to prepared for the residential task and the role, and retention issues in both professional CSRC staff developed a version for use in the include: relationship between levels of morale, job groups. The staff questionnaire informed the general population and this was used in an satisfaction, support mechanisms, sources of • Adequacy and usefulness of routinely ADSS Cymru study of social work in Wales, help, training, and the recruitment and retention ESRC funded study of urban regeneration. It collected data on SW education and staff contributed to the analysis of also informed the National Psychiatric of staff. • The role and quality of continuing employer and employee level data relating to Morbidity Survey. A version has been professional education and development The Wales study forms one part of a wider recruitment, retention and staff well-being, developed for use in older people's services investigation into morale, qualifications and subsequently published as 'Social Work in (QuiLL). • The evaluation of social work education retention of residential staff across the UK. Wales: a profession to value', (The Garthwaite and educators Report) which received wide media coverage. MANSA and the QuiLL have both been • regulation For further information, please contact This work was highlighted by a Chief Scientist's adopted by a number of services in 3. Social Care Workforce Performance, to Professor Matthew Colton review as a good practice model for the future Queensland and Victoria (Australia), where conduct of workforce research. include: [email protected] routine outcome measurement is mandatory. QuiLL has been included in academic studies • Examination of the links between workforce being undertaken in the UK (in association with factors, service performance and outcomes a US university), Sweden (funded by the for service users Swedish Medical Research Council) and New • Assessment of the ways in which the work Zealand. Both measures are listed in the 'good environment, team climate etc have an practice' section of the Centre for Policy on influence on outcomes for service users Ageing website. • Evaluation of new work roles in social care THE SOCIAL CAREWORK The focus will be on the description and RESEARCH CENTRE investigation of contextual, inter-personal, policy and service related factors which affect the The Department of Applied Social Sciences capacity of the social care workforce to is also establishing a research centre promote best practice in employment and focusing on the social care workforce. The training, and to achieve the highest quality research centre will contribute to the care and best outcomes for service users and provision of workforce information, advice carers. It will contribute to the development of and recommendations for policy makers, policy in relation to the social care workforce in service providers/employers and service Wales, draw together academics, policy user and carer groups. The Centre will makers and practitioners as well as users and provide a unique facility within Wales and carers and will develop partnerships with will work collaboratively with other centres relevant national bodies. and agencies with a social care focus, as well as establishing links with the Social Professor Peter Huxley has been appointed as Care Workforce Research Unit at Kings Director of the Centre and Dr Sherrill Evans College London. as Senior lecturer in the Unit. Staff in DASS, for example, Professor Judith Phillips, The research centre’s focus will be on three will also be involved in the centre’s work. areas: 1. The Changing Social Care Workforce, For further information, please contact to include: Professor Peter Huxley • Reviews of the impact of changing care [email protected] workforce practices 126 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 127

collaborating with a local primary school in EVALUATING THE WORK OF THE order to investigate young children’s play, CHILDREN’S COMMISSIONER learning and the outdoor curriculum. The FOR WALES Dr Tim Waller Project is directed by . From This three year research project is directed by October 2005 to July 2006 children aged Dr Nigel Thomas and funded directly by the four and five years old were taken once a Commissioner’s office. The project runs from week to Tawe Riverside. The aim of the April 2005 to April 2008. project is to give the children an opportunity to interact regularly with natural surroundings The research has been planned in and to develop their own independent collaboration with Save the Children UK and learning paths. The project is also designed Funky Dragon (the Children and Young to enhance staff and student awareness of People’s Assembly for Wales), and is being the potential of an outdoor learning designed and carried out with the active environment. A range of methods is used participation of children and young people. including observations, video film and The aim of the research is to evaluate the interviews with children, practitioners, effectiveness of the Commissioner’s office and students and parents. Research will also of the specific model used in Wales, and to investigate children’s perspectives of their develop a process for evaluating the work of experiences on the project and children’s use the Commissioner that can then be ‘handed of digital technology to record their over’ to enable continuing evaluation in the experiences. future. The team are in discussion with colleagues in Scotland, Northern Ireland and CHILDHOOD STUDIES • Inclusion, participation and children’s The project was inspired by Reggio Emilia, elsewhere about extending the evaluation to rights; visits to Sweden and to Forest schools in In 2003 an Early Childhood Studies unit was link up with work in the British Isles and the UK. established on the main university campus. • Young children, play and learning elsewhere in Europe. Full departmental status was gained the (including outdoor play); OUTDOOR SPACES NETWORK following year when the Department of • Children, media and digital technology; For further information, please contact Childhood Studies became part of the The aim of this network is to support • Interagency and multidisciplinary working; Dr Nigel Thomas School of Human Sciences. Research has practitioners (largely, though not exclusively, been a priority with clear objectives and • Innovative research methods with children. early years teachers) who are eager to [email protected] develop their outdoor spaces as well as their targets for staff development, publication and OUTDOOR PLAY AND LEARNING research funding, attracting research students understanding of appropriate and effective THE “YOUNG RESEARCHERS” PROJECT Dr Trisha Maynard is currently investigating play and learning experiences in the outdoor and developing collaboration with This is a pilot project for a planned research how a number of teachers in South Wales environment. This is to be achieved through academics and practitioners. centre to support children and young people have adopted and adapted the Forest offering practitioners the opportunity to attend in undertaking their own research in their All academic staff will contribute to the work School approach in their schools. A related regular seminars held in the Department of schools and communities. The project, is and development of the Centre for Child project directed by Dr Maynard involves six Childhood Studies, which are led by Research (see page 138). In addition to the modelled on a similar centre at the Open Primary School Headteachers who are recognised ‘experts’ in this field (academics University, but has a specific focus on working projects highlighted below, funding is being investigating the possibilities, challenges and and practitioners), and to contribute to and sought for research on a range of issues with children who are disadvantaged. This benefits of developing the outdoor spaces in learn from information posted on the Outdoor work is centred on two questions: (1) What including media literacy, unaccompanied their schools and of supporting their staff in Spaces website (currently under construction). are effective ways to enable children to young asylum seekers, Integrated Children’s considering the kinds of activities and To date, over 70 practitioners from across develop research skills?; (2) how is research Centres and children’s understanding of their approaches that are most appropriate to use South Wales have joined the network. that is planned and conducted by children rights. The diversity of these bids reflects a when working in the outdoor environment. different from research undertaken by adults. commitment to interdisciplinary research. For further information, please contact The Headteachers will visit Denmark and Most staff members have professional The project team are currently working with explore how outdoor play and learning is Dr Trisha Maynard backgrounds in education, social work or eight Year Five children in two local primary approached in another culture. health and therefore approach research from [email protected] schools. The children have been introduced to differing perspectives. TAWE RIVERSIDE OUTDOOR or some basic research concepts and methods, LEARNING PROJECT Dr Tim Waller and are now working in pairs on their own Research activity has been clustered around [email protected] research projects. These include an five areas: The Department of Childhood Studies is investigation of ‘Star of the Week’: this is 128 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 129

awarded to the pupil in each class who with ICT - this is in relation to particular being investigated throughout the study, media – particularly advertising to children – teachers decide has excelled in terms of subjects, particular key stages and overall. focuses on the relationship between the early media literacy, media representations of good behaviour, effort, improvement or Researchers also hope to identify how far years teachers’ embedded principles, children and childhood, ‘kid culture’, toys achievement. The children have been using children are able to reflect on their learning perceptions and philosophies, their and gender, child/youth media audiences questionnaires and interviews to explore and the conditions and resources needed to professional experience, and education and the use of creative methodologies. With responses to this award. facilitate this. policy in Wales. a background in linguistics, Dr Amelia It is intended to extend the project to include Church’s work in conversation analysis For further information, please contact For further information, please contact young people in secondary schools and in contributes both to the Department’s community groups. By engaging children in Dr Alex Morgan Dr Trisha Maynard innovative research methods cluster and the new forms of enquiry in their own [email protected] [email protected] emerging international field of conversation communities, and at the same time building analysis in early childhood. Her work on their skills and knowledge, the project aims to children’s communicative competence and EXPLORING REGGIO EMILIA IN A WELSH New appointments make a contribution to citizenship, as well as developmental pragmatics (how children do CONTEXT: A SMALL-SCALE STUDY developing an understanding of what is Dr Merris Griffiths things with words) includes studies of young distinctive about research directed by children. In September 2005, the travelling Reggio ([email protected]) has a children’s conflict resolution and a Emilia Exhibition ‘The Hundred Languages of background in education and media and forthcoming project investigating politeness in For further information, please contact Children’ was based at Swansea University. communication, and has research interests in the playground ([email protected]). Dr Nigel Thomas As a way of celebrating this event, two and publications relating to children and the related initiatives were organised: a [email protected] conference and a series of practitioner-led workshops. Following these events, the INTERACTIVE TEACHING AND ICT organisers were eager to support early years Dr Alex Morgan is working as part of a team teachers in their stated desire to explore of researchers from Swansea University, Swansea further the Reggio approach and also to Institute of Higher Education and the University of examine how far an engagement with the Wales Aberystwyth on a project funded by the Reggio philosophy could help teachers, ESRC Teaching and Learning Programme. working within a Welsh context, to develop their thinking and practice. The project involves 36 teachers from 20 primary and secondary schools in South The project is directed by Dr Trisha Maynard Wales. The aims of this research are and involves five reception class teachers working in primary schools in South Wales. • To compare the learning outcomes of One aim of this research is to examine the effective teaching in mathematics, science teachers’ interpretations of the Reggio and languages using digital tools (e.g. approach: what, in the light of their computers, interactive whiteboards) and professional experience and values, is and is non-digital tools (e.g. pen and paper). not seen as significant. In an initial phase of • To analyse and theorise the links that may this study, therefore, teachers have examined exist between interactive teaching practices the highly political and complex theoretical and improved learning outcomes when ICT nature of the Reggio Emilia philosophy, the is used in classroom settings. way in which the child is constructed, and • To analyse any changes to the pedagogical the implications that this has for how approaches teachers employ as a result of children’s learning is supported. designing interactive teaching strategies and In a second phase of the project the teachers engaging in reflective dialogue. have identified and experimented with new • To develop research capacity in Wales Reggio-inspired approaches; a further concerning learning, teaching and research aim being to evaluate whether and, professional development. if so, in what ways this experimentation It is anticipated that the project will produce impacts on how teachers think about and findings concerning both the quantitative and aim to develop children’s learning. qualitative differences in learning associated A final, related, aim of this research, which is 130 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 131

facilities, a social observation lab with multi- Forged through the interactions of cognitive scientific endeavours. Benefits for Wales as a camera, multi-monitor equipment, a sleep lab science, neuroimaging, and clinical whole will include: with five sound proof cubicles in an isolated neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience is now the • A strong brand image for science in Wales chamber, and a perception lab with dominant approach in the best psychology computers equipped with hardware for ms- departments and neuroscience institutes in North • A model for other research collaborations, accuracy reaction time measurement. America and the UK. In Wales, too, we have and the further strengthening of Wales as a outstanding research groups in this domain but it knowledge-led economy. The opening of the new Institute of Life Science is becoming increasingly clear that to remain • Increased levels of prestigious science will provide access to state-of-the-art clinical, competitive with global leaders, research research funding into Wales from UK computational and VR systems, supported by groups need to combine to develop their Research Councils, major UK charities, and the IBM Blue C supercomputer. Swansea has resources and share the costs of expensive international funding agencies. excellent links with the Neurosciences technology and expertise Directorate at Morriston Hospital, which • Opportunities for small, medium, and large provides direct access to patients for clinical The focus of the Institute is a sustainable, and business enterprises to develop cognitive and research purposes. genuinely collaborative interdisciplinary research neuroscience projects Institute that integrates the world-class Cognitive • Potential for new jobs through spin-off WALES INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVE Neuroscience research groups at Bangor, companies specializing in niche (but wealth NEUROSCIENCE Cardiff, and Swansea. creating) neuroscience technologies Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (hardware and software). WICN will establish up to five new Chairs in support of £5.17 million has been awarded to strategically important new domains of cognitive • Supporting developments in healthcare the University of Wales, Bangor, Cardiff neuroscience, such as Language Development, technologies that will help to improve University and Swansea University to establish a Computational Neuroscience, Emotion, Social patient care and the health. new multi-centre Wales Institute of Cognitive Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience. The Institute will draw together PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH GROUPS Rehabilitation. Funding will also support the PSYCHOLOGY existing cognitive neuroscience research development of new laboratories and clinics, 1. Brain and Behaviour Unlocking the secrets of the human brain-mind excellence. Combining resources and expertise, post-doctoral resident and visiting fellowships to is one of the greatest challenges of and sharing the costs of expensive technology, The brain and behaviour research group support collaborative research within and contemporary science. Science has allowed us the new Institute will enable Welsh cognitive consists of three subgroups: Brain Chemistry, between University departments, as well as to walk on the moon, use computers to solve neuroscience research to compete with the best Neuropsychology & Brain Injury and running costs to support access to imaging problems impossible for the human mind, and institutions in the world. It will offer potential Psychophysiology. technologies and other resources. extend our lifespan by decades. opportunities to take economic and commercial The Brain Chemistry group's strengths lie in advantage of emerging developments in this The main impact of the WICN for Wales will However, we still lack a satisfactory eating, nutrition, recreational drug use and their field, and the new Institute will actively work with be to establish a collaborative Institute that understanding of even the most basic thought effects on cognition, mood and behaviour. industry and the healthcare sector to this end. places Welsh Universities at the forefront of one processes, like what makes us happy or sad, Professor Benton studies the effects of nutrition of the most exciting and rapidly expanding how and why we make the choices we do, Cognitive neuroscience has emerged in the past how we understand the world, and why and decade as one of the most significant areas of how we are conscious. These are exciting and contemporary science. This fast moving scientific important questions that, among many others, discipline is beginning to transform the psychology attempts to answer. understanding of normal and damaged brain function, as well as to inform the treatment of Research in the Department of Psychology is brain impairments such as head injury, stroke, organized in four groups, to reflect some of dementia and schizophrenia. the main approaches to understanding the brain-mind. WICN aims to be a world-leading centre in the study and application of cognitive and Commitment to internationally competitive clinical neuroscience that provides a high research is reflected in our continuous quality educational environment for staff and investment in research infrastructure. Currently, graduate students, and that contributes to the there are over 20 general purpose research national and international economy through the rooms and several specialized laboratories, application of cognitive neuroscience in including an EMG/ECG psychophysiological industry and healthcare. measurement lab, extensive EEG/ERP 132 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 133

2. Cognition and Perception Questions such as these are studied in an area of psychology known as Visual The Cognition & Perception Group at Swansea Cognition. At its heart is an attempt to includes research teams exploring brain and understand the nature of the internal mind from a large variety of perspectives. The representations your brain uses in order to linking theme for this group is the use of make sense of the external world. How does experimental and imaging techniques to your brain code the shape and structure of a explore the mental representations and mental given face and store it so that you can, for operations that underlie our ability to think, instance, distinguish Tom Cruise from Jack reason, learn, act and perceive. In addition to Nicholson? How is the changing position of understanding the normal, adult cognitive body parts tracked and linked to a musical system, the group is also concerned with rhythm so that we can tell an expert tango normal and abnormal development of cognitive dancer from a novice? Visual Cognition tries to function and of understanding the nature of understand the representations and cognitive deficits associated with brain injury, mechanisms that allow the human brain to illness or ageing. solve such problems.

on brain function. His work is directed towards The Psychophysiology group's research interests Current projects include the role of inhibitory To many people it is surprising that after more making dietary recommendations, or where include sleep and its disorders, schizotypy and mechanisms in memory, attention and learning; than a century of study we should still know so appropriate to develop products that will schizophrenia, personality and consciousness. the role of characteristic motion in determining little about mental representation, particularly facilitate mood and cognitive function. Dr Lee's It has particular strengths in EEG, Event-related object identity; the organization and structure of given tremendous advances in available research interests are the neurochemical basis potential research and brain-computer interface the mental lexicon in bilingual and monolingual technology and our general understanding of of motivated behaviours such as eating, body training (Neurofeedback). Professor Corr and speakers; the neurobiology of dyslexia; basic biological mechanisms (e.g., genome weight regulation and obesity. Professor Brain Dr Anderson are interested in personality, understanding concept formation as a simplicity sequencing). Cracking this code, (Biological Sciences) studies animal aggression especially Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, and process; implicit learning. understanding the relationship between our and its relevance to humans and the effects of how it relates to anxiety and personality mental hardware (the brain) and software (the The Cognition & Perception Group is aiming to mind) is almost certainly one of the last great social stress (often caused by aggression) on disorders, including schizotypy and be a major component of the newly challenges for human science. Professor Ian physiology and disease resistance. Professor schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Professor established Wales Institute of Cognitive Thornton has been exploring the dynamic Parrott is an expert in recreational Burgess also studies schizophrenia and is Neuroscience (WICN), a research initiative nature of mental representations. He aims to psychoactive drugs and their effects on particularly interested in evaluating the that will provide opportunities to collaborate understand how the brain reflects the fact that cognition and psychobiological functioning. disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia with similar research groups at Bangor and we move, objects move and our experience using EEG. Professor Burgess has a broad The Neuropsychology and Brain Injury group Cardiff as well as improving access to a wide always takes place over time? In the visual interest in EEG signal analysis, especially has strong research interests in laterality, range of neuroimaging facilities. The Cognition domain, rather than looking for “pictures in the measures of functional connectivity and cortical dyslexia and other disorders of reading, closed & Perception group is also pursuing closer links brain” – i.e. two-dimensional, static, spatial oscillations as they relate to consciousness. Dr head injury and its consequences. Dr Beaton with the Department of Computer Science, structures – He is interested in the movies or Verstraeten also studies the EEG and has a has a broad interest in the neuropsychological exploring issues in computational theory and dynamic models that help the brain cope with particular interest in electrical brain tomography and biological aspects of laterality, especially the use of animation and visualization as the dynamic nature of the objects and events and source localisation He is also an expert in as these relate to handedness. He is a experimental tools. that surround us. neurofeedback to treat sleep disorders. Dr cognitive neuropsychologist with special interest Blagrove researches the psychological and Visual Cognition Research focuses on four main areas: the role in disorders of reading and developmental physiological causes, correlates and effects of of motion in determining facial identity; the dyslexia. Professor Woods is a clinical How do you recognize a friend in a crowd? dream content and dream frequency and the representation of the body in motion; localizing psychologist whose primary expertise is on the How do you know that the person walking relationship between REM sleep and memory. moving objects; and the implicit perception of impact of acquired brain injury, particularly towards you in the street has his arm raised in Dr Dymond is interested in autonomic dynamic event. orbito-frontal injury, on behaviour, cognition a friendly wave rather than an angry gesture? conditioning, skin conductance correlates of The vast majority of research into faces has and social functioning. He also has a strong When you cross a busy street, how do you flexible decision making and uses event-related used static stimuli. However, faces move in interest in the clinical effectiveness of brain judge the speed and distance of the potentials to study derived semantic networks. several different ways. When you nod or injury rehabilitation techniques in respect of oncoming traffic? When you dream, what is shake your head, there is rigid movement of social outcome. Dr Bullen studies the effects of the nature of the images you experience? Are For further information, please contact the whole facial surface. Talking, laughing or surgical procedures on cognitive functioning they static pictures or more like a movie? Professor Adrian Burgess smiling, results in non-rigid deformation of the and is currently running a study on the When you go to pick up an object you have face. Finally, we typically encounter heads-on- neuropsychological consequences of carotid [email protected] never seen before, how do your eyes guide bodies, and thus the movement in depth as endarterectomy your arm and hand? 134 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 135

3. Learning and Behaviour 100 Motion “Tom” Motion “Jack” The group's research emphasis is on the study 90 of a range of behavioural phenomena, such

80 as language and complex cognitive skills, derived relational responding, and memory. 70 Professor Reed’s research interests cover

% correct response learning and memory, schedules of 60 reinforcement, and causality judgements. An 50 important applied aspect of such research “Tom’s family” “Jack’s family” 2. relates to intervention and Professor Reed's team have pursued such applications in the context of autism, depression, and schizophrenia. In line with Professor Reed's research on memory, Dr Saunders is looking at whether conscious and unconscious forgetting can be a goal-directed behaviour. Dr Dymond's research interests fall within 1. behaviour analysis, both basic and clinical. He is interested in derived relational people walk, run or ride around provides above that which can be obtained from body common dynamic contexts in which we shape body structure. For example, even when responding and relational frame theory, in experience faces. Do any of these types of an image is strongly degraded so that it is particular, relational processes and extensions movement affect the way we represent faces? impossible to tell what you’re looking at, the to experimental psychopathology (fear, addition of motion will still allow you to reliable avoidance, thought suppression). Similarly, Dr In one series of studies the research team used tell if the depicted person is male of female. McHugh's research relates to relational frame motion capture technology and computer Figures 3 & 4 show example stimuli and theory implications for the experimental animation to show that characteristic non-rigid results. analysis of language and cognition with a movements strongly influence facial identity. particular interest in behavioural approaches to Briefly, observers were familiarized with two As may be clear from the above, much of the theory of mind phenomena. Dr. McHugh is artificial characters, Jack and Tom. These work involves the use of computer graphics also interested in third wave behaviour characters were always animated with a and animation. While computers have long therapies with a particular emphasis on unique facial motion, taken from one of two been a common tool for psychologists, virtual acceptance and mindfulness interventions. real actors. So Jack always moved like actor A reality is only now beginning to have an Finally, Professor Corr, Dr Andersen and Dr and Tom like Actor B (see Figure 1). At test, the impact. It is believed that advances in the Cooper are interested in emotional and team spatial-morphed the learned faces with capture, control and display of information will motivational processes underlying defence, 20 novel faces to create artificial brothers and open new doors for experimental psychologists approach and learning, comprising a variety sisters, based just on the facial structure. as they try to understand how the brain of behavioural paradigms: e.g., conditioning, Observers were shown each relative twice, represents the world around us. once animated with the motion from the procedural learning, one- and two-way appropriate sibling, once from the opposite For further information, please contact avoidance and approach behaviours, all within the framework of individual differences sibling. As shown in Figure 2, the judgement of Professor Ian Thornton (Leverhulme Trust); inclusion of children with family resemblance was not just based on the in sensitivity to reinforcing stimuli. Additionally autism in schools (local education authority 3. [email protected] structure, but was heavily influenced by how the trio are interested in behavioural processes and SERSEN); response sequence learning 2 the faces moved. underlying schizophrenia and ‘psychosis- (Mechner Foundation); and flexible use of 1.8 Movie proneness’ (e.g., schizotypy), using such emotion in decision-making (British Academy). 1.6 A second area of research is concerned with Still measures as latent inhibition, procedural 1.4 Additionally, the group is actively involved in the visual representation of bodies and bodily learning, and psychometric approaches. 1.2 actions. A recent book collates a series of the new Centre for Child Research. 0.8

d prime studies showing how “ownership” and use of a The group achievements include funding in the 0.6 For further information, please contact body can strongly influence the visual following areas: school inclusion for children 0.4 with autistic spectrum disorders (Disabilities Dr Simon Dymond 0.2 perception of other people’s bodies. A key 0 interest here is the way in which body motions Trust); the effects of situational factors and [email protected] Male Female convey a wealth of information over and behavioural dispositions on hallucinations 4. Observer Gender 136 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 137

(MB: Dr Mark Blagrove; PT: Dr Phil Tucker; has shown how psychoactive drug and EV: Dr Edwin Verstraeten) environmental stimulation (e.g. heat, prolonged dancing), each contribute to the adverse The Occupational Psychology group study psychobiological profiles of Ecstasy users. personnel selection and testing, the identification of problem drinkers in the Professor Parrott has also organized and workplace, and also issues surrounding the chaired a number of international MDMA organization of work hours. Their achievements symposia, three of which have been published include the text ‘Psychological Assessment in as special journal issues. The first was held at the Workplace: A Manager's Guide’. the Novartis Foundation in London, and the papers were published as a special issue of Dr Cook has published on personnel selection Neuropsychobiology. The second was held at and has been involved in psychological the Canadian College of Neuropharmacology assessment in a number of industrial and in Banff, and was published as a special issue organisational settings. of Human Psychopharmacology (2001). The For further information, please contact third symposium, was held six years after the first at the Novartis Foundation. This was Dr Phil Tucker published as a two volume special issue of the [email protected] Journal of Psychopharmacology (2006). His latest symposium is being organized at the PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF Fourth International Conference on Memory, in 4. Psychology Applied to Health and Dr Edward's research team explores our body ECSTASY OR MDMA IN HUMANS Sydney Australia. Medicine image and the ways in which we think about our body and the way we look. Professor Professor Parrott has researched the Professor Parrott has also researched nicotine The group is organized in four sub-groups. The Benton and Dr Lee are concerned with the way psychobiological effects of Ecstasy or MDMA dependency. His main contribution to Experimental Health group employs in which diet can improve our mood and in humans. In 1996, he reported the first knowledge is to explain how and why tobacco experimental methods to study the relationship thought processes. They have looked at the empirical demonstration of memory deficits in smoking causes increased stress. This has between health and behaviour, health and effects of glucose, vitamins, and the importance young recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users, emerged in a programme of research spanning education across the life span, and health of breakfast in determining how well we compared to non-users controls. The paper fifteen years, and has resulted in a numerous behaviour motivation. Their achievements perform and think throughout the day. This work describing these findings was awarded the papers, including an article in the American include the development of interventions to has had an important influence on the British Association for Psychopharmacology Psychologist, which is still cited in many health minimise the distress associated with genetic establishment of breakfast clubs in primary Annual Journal Prize in 1999. Research promotion campaigns in Europe and the USA. testing for cancer. Funding has recently been schools in the UK. They have also explored the groups worldwide have subsequently Other areas of research include the adverse obtained to study parent/child interactions in reasons why we experience cravings for foods confirmed and elaborated upon these findings. effects of anabolic steroids on aggression socially deprived families, and to explore such as chocolate. Dr Bullen is interested in One of his PhD students, Dr. Helen Fox, (publishing the first empirical demonstration of automatic attitudes and visual attention in changing motivations and behaviours in relation demonstrated that recreational Ecstasy users this link, with Dr. Pricilla Choi in 1990). relation to exercise motivation. A new project to children’s food concepts and preferences. also display deficits in frontal executive tasks Currently he is co-principal organizer of a in the area of psychosocial oncology is (e.g. complex decision taking). She also $2.6million five year prospective study of considering the emotional and cognitive The Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Fatigue revealed that the cognitive deficits of Ecstasy Ecstasy/MDMA using mothers, funded by the consequences of prostate cancer for men and group study why some individuals more prone polydrug users were related to lifetime MDMA National Institute on Drug Abuse in America their partners. to nightmares, the treatment of sleep disorders, dosage, but were independent of conscious (with the University of East London and Case and the effects of shiftwork on health and The Eating Behaviour group study the awareness. This paper was awarded the BAP Western Reserve University USA). safety. Their achievements include being invited promotion of healthy eating in children, infant prize in 2002. Another area of research has to address the Royal Institution and the For further information, please contact feeding patterns, and body image in relation to been the effects of MDMA on psychiatric Cheltenham Science Festival (MB), the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Their status. Studies with collaborators in Ireland Professor Andrew Parrott collaboration with Harvard Medical School achievements include being asked to advise and Italy have demonstrated increased rates of [email protected] looking at the effects of second language the Welsh Assembly on the provision of depression and phobic anxiety in learning on intensity of sleep (MB), the breakfast in schools. The group have also been Ecstasy/MDMA and other types of drug users. development of neurofeedback as a treatment invited to examine the issue of school meals in More recently, Professor Parrott has been for sleep disorders (EV), and being invited to collaboration with Institute of Education and the investigating the contributory effects of write a review for the International Labour John Smith Foundation, following the public environmental stimulation, to the adverse Office (PT). debate initiated by Jamie Oliver. effects of MDMA. In a series of studies, he 138 School of Human Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 139

THE CENTRE FOR CHILD RESEARCH SPORTS SCIENCE for teaching and research. electrocardiographic QT interval variability The Centre for Child Research is the result of Research in Sports Science, the study of those Current research in the Motor Learning • Non-invasive assessment of cardio- collaboration between academics across the aspects of the physical sciences, life sciences, Laboratory includes: respiratory autonomic nervous system control university who are researching child-related and behavioural sciences, which influence • Non-invasive beat-to-beat haemodynamic • Decision-making (Rugby) issues within such diverse subjects as participation and personal performance in assessment (e.g., blood pressure, cardiac criminology, nursing, law, education, sports, is conducted by the Sport and Exercise • Visual cues (Football) output and baroreceptor sensitivity) Research Group. psychology, medicine, social work, early • Anticipation Current research in the Notational Analysis childhood studies and social policy. The The group was established in 2001 and • Visual search strategy Laboratory includes: Centre, which is in the process of covers three broad multidisciplinary research The Exercise Physiology Laboratory has the • Key performance indicators in rugby and development, will enable these academics to areas: applied physiology in sport; cognition following equipment: soccer work together under the umbrella of one and behaviour in sport performance; • A range of exercise ergometers (e.g., • Strategies utilised by Premiership football research centre, so supporting the biomechanics and motor control. There is treadmills, cycles, rowing, armcranks, teams in European and Domestic fixtures. enhancement of high quality, collaborative, considerable collaboration between the isokinetic) inter-disciplinary research. members of the group and other researchers • Situational awareness in hockey and squash within the School and wider university as well • A range of body composition analysis • Positional differences in on-the-ball actions Once fully established, the Centre, which is as with researchers in some other universities, techniques, including the BodPod, within professional soccer the first of its kind in Wales, will produce in particular, Glasgow and Belfast. bioelectrical impedance analysis, near infra- • Home advantage in soccer research of global interest and impact, while red analysis and hydrostatic weighing FACILITIES The Biomechanics Laboratory has a state-of- also being well placed to assist the Welsh • A range of anthropometrical measurement the-art motion analysis system. Current research Assembly Government in the development of In addition to the University's proud reputation techniques for sporting excellence and outstanding includes : priorities and policies which focus on • Ambulatory and laboratory-based expired sporting facilities, the Sports Science improving the lives of children in Wales. We gas analysis • Biomechanical analysis of the competitive believe that the emphasis on a multi- department has recently developed its own swimming start laboratories for motor learning, exercise • Ambulatory and laboratory-based disciplinary approach makes the work of this • Knee kinematics associated with ACL injury physiology, notational analysis and electrocardiographic and haemodynamic Centre groundbreaking and unique within the biomechanics. All of the laboratories are used analysis • Monitoring of fatigue and injury by United Kingdom. The university is currently • Lung function assessment and analysis magnetic stimulation and EMG response seeking two world-renowned researchers – measurement one in Child Development and the other in • Muscle function testing using multi-joint isokinetic dynamometry, force platforms and • Post operative weight bearing instructions in Children’s Rights – who will take on the role Ballistic Measurement System orthopaedic patients of Co-Directors of the Centre. • A range of blood analysis equipment for the For further information, please contact The Centre for Child Research is located in determination of metabolites, specific Professor James Watkins purpose built accommodation close to the proteins and hormones constituent departments of the School of Current areas of research include: [email protected] Human Sciences. It is anticipated that many academics within the School will continue to • Sports science support for elite sporting play a significant role in the work and further teams, including the Ospreys, RFC and Wales RFU) development of this Centre. • Nutritional supplementation, ergogenic aids For more information, please contact and exercise performance Dr Trisha Maynard • Exercise rehabilitation in cardiac patients [email protected] • Exercise rehabilitation in patients with chronic kidney disease • Exercise referral populations • Metabolic and physiological responses to hyperthermia • Sympatho-adrenal system responses to exercise • Analysis of heart rate variability and 141 School of Humanities Head of School - Professor Noel Thompson www.swansea.ac.uk/humanities School of Humanities

The establishment of the School of Humanities in 2005 has enabled its constituent Departments (American Studies; Classics, Ancient History and Egyptology; History; Politics and International Relations; and Philosophy) to move ahead with effective collaboration designed to enhance the learning and research environment, and to undertake initiatives that provide new and challenging opportunities for its students, both undergraduate and postgraduate. In line with the University’s Strategic Plan, the School has fostered and supported individual and collaborative research activity of international excellence and has established new degree schemes at postgraduate (taught Masters) level, co-ordinated through the School’s MA development sub-committee. Many of these incorporate opportunities for students to take modules in more than one constituent Department through increased collaboration and flexibility in module interchange. New Masters programmes include the MA in Wittgensteinian Studies, MA in Classics, MA in Early Modern History, MA in Modern History, MA in Modern Celtic Studies and an MA in War and Society. Furthermore, the School has created opportunities for students to spend a study semester abroad in the United States through a collaborative agreement with Mary Washington University in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The first three students from the School have spent the Spring semester 2006 in the US. Dedicated space for graduate students through reconfiguration of space in the Callaghan building has been supported by a successful bid for SRIF 3 funding and opened in September 2006. This gives students access to state of the art computer, videoconferencing and media related facilities as well as 30 work stations and associated printing facilities. Several high-profile research centres such as the Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict, the Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology, the Centre for the Study of Wales and its Borderlands and an emerging Centre KYKNOS (for the study of Greek Narrative Literature) have also been established. Together with the School of Arts, Humanities also has ambitious plans for a purpose-built Richard Burton Arts and Humanities Research Centre which will house multi-media archives of international significance. This will provide a resource for research of international excellence into the history and culture of Wales Finally, the School is building strong international links with a view to future collaborative research activity and in 2005/2006, the School hosted a Leverhulme fellow from the United States Military Academy at West Point in the Callaghan Centre for Conflict.

Professor Noel Thompson Head, School of Humanities 142 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 143

Professor Philip Melling's The American “Watch This Space: Civil Liberties, Concept Adam: Salvation and Suicide was published Wars and the Future of the Urban Fortress” in by The University of Salamanca Press in 2001. the Journal of American Studies, and ‘Getting The Adversarial Imagination appeared in High on the Policy Agenda: Europe, the US American Film and Politics in 2002 and the future of the Global Drug Prohibition (Manchester University Press) and the co-edited Regime,’ in The Journal of Transatlantic Studies America in the 1920s, a three volume (Edinburgh University Press). In 2005 he collection of literary and cultural documents published ‘Emerging Policy Contradictions was published in 2004. Life on the Hyphen: between the United Nations Drug Control Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea has System and the Core Values of the United been accepted for publication by Kent State Nations,’ in The International Journal of Drug University Press in 2007. Philip Melling has Policy (Elsevier) and ‘U.S. Concept Wars, Civil also been invited to contribute a chapter Liberties and the Technologies of Fortification,’ entitled "King Philip's Shadow: Vietnam and in Crime, Law and Social Change: An Iraq" in a collection of essays for Macmillan Interdisciplinary Journal (Springer, formerly Publishers on the Regacy of the Vietnam War. Kluwer Academic Publishers) Dr Bewley-Taylor He gave a key note address to the German was awarded a Leverhulme Research Embassy in Washington, November 2002, on Fellowship in 2005. He is currently working American Religious Fundamentalism. He is on several projects based on research currently working on a monograph entitled conducted during the Fellowship, “The US, Hemingway and Imperialism. Professor Drug Policy and the Future of the UN.” These include several articles and a research Melling has been granted exclusive access, by monograph provisionally titled Paradigm Professor Gladys Rodriguez, one of the Shift?, The US and International Drug Policy in pioneers of Hemingway research in Cuba, to Twenty-First Century. Dr Bewley-Taylor also acts AMERICAN STUDIES 2004. With Professor John Baylis, he edited an unpublished archive of research on writer as an international drug policy consultant for Research specialisms reflect staff interests in The United States and Europe: Beyond the Ernest Hemingway's life in Cuba. organizations in the UK and overseas. the areas of American literature, American Neo-Conservative Divide (Taylor and Francis, history, American politics, and interdisciplinary 2006). This brings together international Dr Alan Bilton’s areas of American culture and society. contributors to consider the political, historical monograph An Within these fields, strengths include and cultural relationship between America and Introduction to contemporary American literature, American Europe. Professor Roper has presented papers Contemporary fundamentalism, war (American War of at national and international conferences, American Fiction was Independence, Civil War, Vietnam War), including “Leadership and Power: published by New York American labour history, the American Neoconservatism, New Labour and the ‘War University Press in Presidency, Native American history and on Terror’” (Colloquium on Anglo-American 2002. America in the literature and international drugs policy. relations, University of Paris 8, 2006), 1920s, Helm, (2004), Interdisciplinary research is encouraged, and “Europe’s Vietnam Syndrome? America and a three volume edition the Department has taken an active part in the Quagmire of Iraq” (Centre for Diplomatic of American writings the development of the Callaghan Centre for and International Studies, University of and cultural documents, was recently co-edited the Study of Conflict. Leicester, 2005) and “Check-Mate: and included a 30,000 word introduction. Dr Presidential Power in the “War on Terror” Bilton’s “Buster Keaton: First Things and the Last’, Professor Jon Roper’s (European Association of American Studies, has been accepted by The Journal of American Dr David Bewley- monograph: The Prague, 2004). Recent publications include Studies and will be published later this year; an Taylor has published Contours of American a chapter in David Ryan and John Dumbrell earlier version of this paper, ‘Buster Keaton and widely on the US war Politics was published (eds.), Vietnam in Iraq: Lessons, Legacies and the South’ has been published in a collection of on drugs and by Polity Press in Ghosts, (Taylor and Francis, 2006). In May EAAS Conference proceedings, America in the international drug 2002. “George W 2005, at the invitation of the British Academy, Course of Human Events (VU University Press, policy. He has been a Bush and the Myth of he convened a conference to mark the thirtieth 2006). An article on ‘Consumerism and its keynote speaker at Heroic Presidential Discontents: The Desperate Comedies of Harold anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. several recent Leadership”, appeared Lloyd’ was recently published (in Spanish) by He is presently editing a book of the conferences. Recent in Presidential Studies Archivos, while a longer piece on Lloyd, proceedings, with additional contributions, for publications include Quarterly in March Palgrave Macmillan. ‘Constantly Moving Happiness Machines: 144 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 145

movies. Subverting Shane: Ambiguities in Dr Joy Porter’s Eastwood’s Politics in A Fistful of Dollars, monograph ‘To Be High Plains Drifter and Pale Rider (in Clint Indian: The Life of Eastwood: Actor/Director, University of Utah Seneca-Iroquois Arthur Press) compares the filmmaker’s public Caswell Parker, 1881- conservatism with the liberal sentiments of 1955’ was published these Westerns, specifically in relation to the by the University of Vietnam War. An edited collection entitled Oklahoma Press in New Perspectives on the Representation of 2002. Dr. Porter was War in Visual Culture resulted from the nominated for the international conference ‘Representations of Philip Leverhulme Prize War in Visual Culture’, which Dr McVeigh for History and To Be Indian was deemed the co-organized with Alan Bilton. In addition, Dr Outstanding Academic Title by Choice McVeigh is the contributor of the section Magazine. Her collection The Cambridge ‘American Fiction 1900-1945’ in The Year’s Companion to Native American Literature, Work in English Studies, Vols. 83, 84, and which she edited with Kenneth Roemer of The 85 (Oxford University Press). University of Texas, Arlington, contained her chapter “Historical Contexts to Native Dr Craig Phelan was appointed Editor of American History” and appeared in 2005. Labor History, the pre-eminent journal of Her chapter “On Full-Stoppers and Semi- historical labour studies, in 2003. He is sole Colonials: Writer’s Reflections on Native editor of and contributor to, two books, both American Literature” appeared in First Nations with Peter Lang: The Future of Organised of North America: Politics and Labour: Global Perspectives (2006), and Representations (VU University Press) in 2005 Trade Union Revitalisation: Trends and and her chapter “Imagining Indians: New Prospects in 38 Nations (forthcoming, Directions in Native American History” Harold Lloyd, Edward Bernays and American Dr Peter Carr’s 2007). His article, ‘The Knights of Labor ’Traduttore, Traditore’: appeared in The State of U.S. History (Berg Consumerism’ is under consideration by the and the Open Source Tradition’, will appear Guillermo Cabrera Infante and Postmodern Press) in 2002. Her “North American Indians American Quarterly. An article on Harry in the European Journal of Industrial Relations Translation has been published recently as a and the Irish” was published in Irish Studies Langdon, Shell-shock and Silent War Films, is 12: 1 (2007); another article, ‘The Two chapter in a book on language. He has also Review in 2003 and her co-authored article currently under consideration by Screen Studies Worlds of Skill, Capitalism and Welfare’, written on Lance Armstrong and George W. “Jimmy Carter: The Re-emergence of Faith- and Dr Bitton has recently finished an essay on was published in Labor History 47: 3 Bush: French anti-Americanism and Texan based Politics and the Abortion Rights Issue” Fatty Arbuckle and Conspicuous Consumption, (2006). He has recently published a book Traditionalism in Le Tour, (published in Sports appeared in Presidential Studies Quarterly in ‘Everyone Loves A Fat Man’. chapter on Terence Powderly and the History Review in 2006), and War and ’Re- 2005. Dr. Porter’s two edited collections Knights of Labor in New Approaches to Dr Duncan Campbell’s monograph, English borderisation’ and the South-Western Novels stemming from the American Indian Workshop Socialist History (2003). And his book Public Opinion and the American Civil War, of Ana Castillo and Cormac McCarthy. He conference she organised in 2006, Place & chapter, ‘Political Economy: Divergence and published in the Royal Historical Society's has two new projects; the publication of his Native American Indian History and Culture Convergence between the United States and Studies in History Series in 2003, was doctoral dissertation, The Utopian Impulse in and Place & Native American Literature and Europe’, appears in John Baylis and Jon nominated by members of the Lincoln Prize American Modernity and Postmodernity and Culture will appear with Peter Lang AG in Roper, eds., Disunited States: America and committee for the 2004 prize. His most a monograph on Sports Autobiography since 2007. Her co-authored Fighting Words: Europe Beyond the Neo-Conservative Divide important publication prior to this was the World War II. Competing Voices From Native America is (Frank Cass, 2006). Dr Phelan has received American Civil War in Helm's Literary Sources Dr Stephen McVeigh’s monograph, The also under contract with Greenwood Press invitations to speak at Harvard University and Documents series which he completed with American Western, an examination of the and will appear in 2007/8. Law School (March 2006), Ruskin College, Jon Roper in 2000. Recent publications importance of the Western as a written and Oxford (June 2006), and at the International include, a chapter on Anglo-American relations visual text in American history and culture, For further information, please contact Sociological Association’s World Congress during the Civil War in Palmerston Studies and was published by Edinburgh University Press Professor Jon Roper a book, The Victorians and America. Dr in Durban, South Africa (July 2006). Dr (2006). The Galactic Way of War (in Campbell was awarded a Scouloudi Phelan will be a Visiting Research Fellow at [email protected] Finding the Force in the Star Wars Franchise: Foundation research grant from the Institute for the Rothermere American Institute (RAI), Fans, Merchandise, and Critics, Peter Lang) Historical Research for his work on the Oxford University from September 2006 to interrogates the American experience of war American Civil War. January 2007. via its representation in the Star Wars 146 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 147

CLASSICS, ANCIENT HISTORY & be reconstructed about these sites today; and Professor Ceri Davies Institute of America) and the International EGYPTOLOGY the reconstruction of the domestic is primarily a Latinist. Journal of Cultural Property. He was invited to The work of the Department of Classics, environment, based on study of artefacts Over thirty years the be a contributor to the Society for American Ancient History and Egyptology covers all excavated from the houses of Pompeii. Her concentration of his Archaeologists volume Ethical Issues in aspects of the languages, literature, history, work on these issues, and in particular on the published research has Archaeology (2003). His interest in the history culture and thought of the ancient civilisations conditions of life at Pompeii in the years mainly been in two of collecting and its link with the history of of Egypt, Greece and Rome. The interests of before the eruption of AD 79, has previously closely connected archaeology is reflected in his invitation to be individual members of staff cover a wide been published in the Papers of the British areas: the study of Latin a supervising editor (and contributor) for the spectrum of topics, and, while traditionally School at Rome and in a Journal of Roman writings by Welsh classical archaeology and art historical entries and continuingly much important research Archaeology Supplement (Domestic Space in humanists of the period in The Dictionary of British Classicists work in the subject is the product of the Roman World). She is involved in several 1540-1640, and the (Thoemmes Continuum 2004). He was also a individual labour, recent appointments have archaeological projects at Pompeii, including wider study of the reception of the Greek and contributor to the Oxford Dictionary of been made strategically to consolidate and those of the British School at Rome and the Latin classics in Welsh-language literature. National Biography (OUP 2004). He is a promote existing research synergies. Two German Archaeological Institute in Rome. Since 2001 he has published two volumes on Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Dr Gill recently established research centres will Her work will form substantial sections of a Latin-writing Welsh scholar whose also contributes to the Egyptological part of provide focus, profile and direction for forthcoming publications of both projects. monumental achievements encompassed the the department. His work within the time-frame pertains to the significant proportions of the Department’s She was approached by Thames and fields of literary and historical scholarship, Cyrenaica, museology, and the history and research efforts; co-ordination with other Hudson in 2004 to write a detailed study of biblical translation, the study of grammar and ethics of excavation. Dr Gill is deputy director Departments in Wales and internationally is the excavation and history of Pompeii. This lexicography: Dr John Davies o Fallwyd (2001) of the Centre for Egyptology and also provided by the University of Wales monograph will be published in 2007. Dr and (as editor and contributor) Dr John Davies Mediterranean Archaeology. Institute of Classics and Ancient History Berry’s current research interests lie in the of Mallwyd: Welsh Renaissance Scholar (UWICAH): newspaper reports of the excavations of (2004). A Leverhulme Research Fellowship Mr Byron Harries is a part-time tutor. His Pompeii and Herculaneum from the 1800s to (2001-2) enabled him to conduct fundamental research interests lie in two fields. The first is Dr Joanne Berry is a part-time tutor. Her the current time. Her work aims to research on the text of John Prise, Historiae later Greek hexameter poetry, from Apollonios research focuses on Pompeii and the demonstrate how popular interest in the sites Brytannicae Defensio (published 1573). Three of Rhodes to Nonnos, including both epic and settlements of Vesuvius. Her work has directly influenced the aims and agendas articles and chapters based on this work have didactic verse (such as Oppian’s Halieutika), encompasses two separate but interlinked of the excavations. Dr. Berry is a member of already appeared; work continues on the as part of which he is translating Nonnos’ strands: the history of the excavations in this the Centre for Egyptology and production of an edited text, translation and Dionysiaka for Penguin Classics. The second region and how this has affected what can Mediterranean Archaeology. commentary. Notable among Professor concerns Cicero, particularly his intellectual Davies’s recent publications on the reception of formation and the interaction between his classical literature are an article on Wales and literary reading and his literary production. Greek drama, a chapter on the Aeneid and A recent conference paper ‘The comic stage twentieth-century Welsh poetry and the T H in early Cicero’ will lead to a more broadly Parry-Williams Memorial Lecture for 2004, ‘Ei ranging exploration of Cicero’s use of Roman Horas a’i Gatwlws ar y Llawr: Y Clasuron a drama in his forensic speeches. He is also Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg y Ddwy Ganrif working on an edition of Julian’s Caesares for Ddiwethaf’. He is among the contributors to Cambridge University Press’s Cambridge the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Greek and Latin Classics series. (2004), Celtic Culture: a Historical Dr Fritz-Gregor Herrmann is a Senior Encyclopedia (2006) and the forthcoming Lecturer in Classics and Ancient History. His Academi-sponsored Encyclopaedia of area of primary research is Ancient Greek Wales/Gwyddoniadur Cymru. thought and philosophy, with an emphasis on Dr David Gill (Senior Lecturer) is a classical the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. His main archaeologist with a focus on Greek material contribution to date has been in the area of culture. He is an authority on the history of Greek philosophical semantics. His collecting and archaeological ethics. His work publications over the last decade focus on the (with his co-researcher Dr Christopher language and concepts of Plato’s ontology, as Chippindale, Cambridge University Museum developed by the philosopher in dialogue with of Archaeology and Anthropology) has been earlier writers and earlier genres of writing. published in journals such as the American Recent publications include articles on Plato Journal of Archaeology (Archaeological and Anaxagoras, Plato and Democritus, and 148 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 149

Plato and the Pythagorean Philolaus. A chapter narratology, literary and cultural theory, literary for the Blackwell Guide on Greek Religion, on interpretation, gender, historical and social Religion and Philosophy – The God of the context, including religion and philosophy. His Philosopher, is forthcoming. He is completing commentary on Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe a monograph on Plato’s ontology: Words and (2004) is, among other things, an exercise in Ideas. The Roots of Plato’s Philosophy, and is exploring how literary narrative creates currently editing, and contributing to, a volume meaning through the reader’s actuation of the of New Essays on Plato (Swansea), and is co- text; this is both as a summation of earlier work editor of, and contributor to, volumes on The on this author and a set of strategies for future Good and the Form of the Good in Plato’s work. His contributions to Irene de Jong’s series Republic (with D. Cairns and T. Penner; of Studies on Ancient Greek Narrative begin a Edinburgh), and on Plato and the Poets (with P. comprehensive narratological taxonomy of the Destrée; Leiden). Between 2001 and 2006, canonical Greek novels. Some of his recent Dr Herrmann has organised and co-organised work on Heliodoros has made a start on a number of conferences and colloquia on exploring the interface between pagan and Plato in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Swansea. Christian narrative in late antiquity: a recent He is an active member of the KYKNOS paper in French explores the polemical Centre for Research on Ancient Narrative engagement between Heliodoros’ novel and Literature. some of the semiotic systems of early Professor Alan Lloyd Christianity. He is working on several long-term projects, including an edition of Heliodoros’ is an Emeritus Professor, research has been primarily in the development Forum) and Syria (Androna/Anderin). Dr novel for the Loeb Classical Library. whose interests cover of Greco-Roman cities, particularly in Asia Pollard is a member of the Centre for both Egyptology and Dr Karen Ní Mheallaigh joined the Minor. His fieldwork has concentrated on the Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology. Greek History. On the Department in September 2005 as a Lecturer. provision of basic amenities, in particular Dr Anton Powell is Director of UWICAH. Greek side his primary Her doctoral research challenges the notion aspects of water supply and the removal of His research has two main areas. First: strand of research and that we are lacking sustained theory from waste. On a more general theme, archaic, classical and Hellenistic Sparta, and publication has been antiquity on narrative fiction and prose genres, reassessments of the Greco-Roman city have their treatment in literary sources, mainly the continuation of his also been undertaken. Dr Owens is a member a deficiency that is most crucially felt in Athenian. He focuses on the role of citizen commitment to research of the Centre for Egyptology and connection with the ancient novel. Her research women in Spartan politics, warfare and on Herodotos. He has Mediterranean Archaeology. focuses on the works of prose authors who luxurious living, and also on Spartan been invited to contribute to several tend to be considered ‘marginal’ from the Dr Nigel Pollard is a Lecturer in Ancient imperialism. An article published in 2004 conferences or volumes, resulting in a number perspective of the novel, such as Lucian of History. His research focuses on culture, compares the performance of Spartan women of recent research papers, including ‘The Samosata; she demonstrates how the ludic identity, power, and control in the Roman in war with that of other Greek women; Greeks and Egypt’ from the conference in fiction of this self-styled innovator of genre Empire and the Hellenistic and Parthian another recent article seeks to explain why Rhodes in 2004. On the Egyptian side actually enacts the processes of reading and kingdoms, at their centres and their margins, Sparta did not destroy Athens in 404 BCE. Professor Lloyd has undertaken dedicated writing fiction, and can therefore be read as opening up new approaches to issues of His second area of interest is conflicting Egyptological work, leading to joint publication implicit theory, which is of vital importance to cultural identity. The evidence he employs ideologies in the Roman Revolution (ca. 59 of the tomb of Neferseshemptah at Saqqara. scholars of the ancient novel. Her research on includes literary source material, but since some BCE – 14 CE), particularly those of Sextus This is the end of his involvement in the Lucianic fiction has also evolved into an of the areas and issues in which he is Pompeius and Octavian-Augustus, and the Saqqara Epigraphic Survey which goes back exploration of other related areas, e.g. ancient interested are rather marginal to the reflections thereof in the works of Virgil. He to the late 1970s. Professor Lloyd is a member ‘metafiction’, speculative fiction and the preoccupations of ancient authors, material has sought to reconstruct the career of Sextus of the Centre for Egyptology and fantastic in ancient literature, literary pseudo- and visual evidence and documents Pompeius and its profound effect on the Mediterranean Archaeology. documentarism, and the importance of Plato as (inscriptions, papyri, graffiti etc.) tend to be of standing, and subsequently on the advertised Professor John Morgan is the Leader of the a literary author. She plans a major research more value. He also makes extensive use of ideals of Octavian; he has done this, initially, KYKNOS research centre. His research project which will include narratological archives and collections relating to past in his contributions to a co-edited volume on continues to centre on ancient fictional narrative analysis of the fictional works of Philostratos, archaeological fieldwork, such as the 1930s Sextus Pompeius published in 2002. He literature, particularly the Greek romance. He and the apocryphal authors Dictys and Dares. excavations at Dura-Europos in Syria and argues that all of Virgil’s three works have, as endeavours to combine philological rigour with Dr Ní Mheallaigh will play a major part in the Karanis in Egypt. He is engaged in part of their structure, the aim of apologising receptivity to new agendas and critical activities of the KYKNOS Research Centre. archaeological fieldwork and the publication of for Octavian’s apparent shortcomings as methodologies. His work addresses issues of Dr Eddie Owens is a Senior Lecturer. His fieldwork in Rome (Lacus Iuturnae, Roman compared with Sextus Pompeius. This will result in a monograph, Virgil the Partisan, to 150 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 151

be published 2007. Dr Powell founded the practitioners of science or technology, machines of the Centre for Egyptology and served both as editor of, and been invited to Classical Press of Wales in 1993: by 2007 as alternative sources of power). Dr Rihll is a Mediterranean Archaeology. publish in, scholarly volumes on topics related to member of the Centre for Egyptology and Ancient Egypt and religious practice in it will have published some 50 volumes. Dr Christopher Stray is an Honorary Research Mediterranean Archaeology. particular. She has increasingly been invited to Dr Maria Pretzler specialises in ancient Fellow. His work deals mostly with the history of speak at both highly specialised events such as Professor Thomas Schneider has focused an Classics (teaching, scholarship, institutions, Greek history. Her research currently focuses the Dreams in Ancient Cultures Symposium at important part of his research in recent years on publishing). He has also worked on the history on Pausanias and ancient travel writing. She New York as well as large Egypt’s cultural and linguistic interrelations with of universities more broadly: an article on the also has wider interests in the culture of the international conferences such as the Annual the Ancient Near East, North Africa, and the shift from oral to written examinations in Greek East of the Roman Empire (Second Conference of the Society of Biblical Literature Aegean, the topic of a four year project Cambridge, Oxford and Dublin, 1700-1914, Sophistic). Dr Pretzler has also worked on and American Oriental Society. Dr. supported by the Swiss National Science appeared in History of Universities in 2005. Peloponnesian history and intends to turn her Szpakowska is also involved in e-scholarship Foundation in connection with his former His other areas of interest are slang and family attentions to Sparta's Peloponnesian allies in projects such as Blackwells' Compass and the employment as a research professor at the language (on which he published an article in the Archaic and Classical period. She has UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Dr University of Basel. Prior to the publication of the 2004 in Australasian Victorian Studies) and the experience with archaeological field surveys in Szpakowska is a member of the Centre for final project monographs, its most visible history of textbooks. A detailed study of the Greece as well as Italy, specialising in the Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology. outcome is a volume of papers from a congress history of Classics at Cambridge has led both methodology of survey archaeology. Dr and a larger number of articles. A second to other areas of Classics and of the history of UNIVERSITY OF WALES INSTITUTE OF Pretzler is currently a co-director (with John major focus of his research comprises Ancient Cambridge University, and to comparative work CLASSICS AND ANCIENT HISTORY Pearce of Kings College London and Corinna Egyptian history in a broad sense, ranging from on Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin. Much of (UWICAH) Riva of St John’s, Oxford) of a field survey in his current work derives from the discovery of traditional approaches to political history to Founded in 1993, UWICAH is one of the Italy, the Upper Esino Valley survey project. the papers of Sir Richard Jebb in September work emphasising the importance of new world’s most productive research Dr Pretzlar is a member of the Centre for 2002. The forthcoming edition of his developments in social and cultural studies in organisations in the field of Classical studies. Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology. correspondence will include both sides of some our conception of Ancient Egypt. Examples of It has to date run over 25 conferences, the exchanges (e.g. with Gilbert Murray and Dr Tracey Rihll is a this approach are his comprehensive study of majority of which have resulted in published Heinrich Schliemann), and will discuss the part-time Lecturer. Her the political and social history of foreigners in books. UWICAH exists to enhance the methodological problems raised by previous current research is the Middle Kingdom and Hyksos periods, and reputation and the quality of Classical treatments of his life and works. focussed on ancient studies on the methodology of Egyptological scholarship in Wales. Close collaboration science and historiography and chronology. Other areas of Dr Kasia with leading international researchers, at technology, as it has his research are Egyptian phonology and Szpakowska is a conferences and in the preparation of been for the last studies on a variety of literary and religious texts lecturer in Egyptology. collective volumes, has led to many highly decade. She retains, from the Middle Kingdom to the Late Period. A She has published a productive synergies. Foreign scholars, however, an interest in beginner’s grammar and chrestomathy of monograph Behind particularly from the United States, France and ancient slavery, Bohairic Coptic is in course of preparation. His Closed Eyes, as well Australia, regularly participate in UWICAH especially where it future research will be determined by the as a series of articles projects, as do senior members of most British overlaps ancient science and technology (slave comprehensive research projects to be launched on the phenomena of and Irish universities where Classics is taught. at the University. Professor Schneider is director dreams and nightmares In September 2003, with the support of in Ancient Egypt, UWICAH, Professor Lloyd and Dr primarily through the Szpakowska organised the first international New Kingdom. The interdisciplinary projects Egyptological conference to be held in related to this topic reveal not only details of Wales: Through a Glass Darkly: Magic, ancient Egyptian life, but contribute to our dreams, and prophecy in Ancient Egypt. understanding of the social life of humankind in general and the force that dreams have in both In addition, much research work in the shaping and reflecting cultural behavior and Department organically complements the tradition. Her forthcoming monograph on daily work of other university research centres, life in the Late Middle Kingdom includes the including GENCAS and the Callaghan study of marginalized groups and gender Centre for the Study of Conflict. based on primary textual and material evidence from Illahun. Her next major research project For further information, please contact focuses on the material manifestation of private Professor Ceri Davies religious practice in Ancient Egypt (with a [email protected] specific study on clay cobra figurines found in domestic and military contexts in New Kingdom Egypt and the Levant). Dr Szpakowska has 152 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 153

HISTORY Dr Brenda Assael's Professor John completing a monograph on Early Soviet The research activity of the History awards from the AHRB France published The Forensic Medicine and the Limits of Sexual Department is characterized by its very wide and Leverhulme funded Crusades and the Utopianism for Chicago UP based on his chronological and geographical range and a period of research Expansion of Europe Wellcome research project (1998-2002). leave, 2002-03 which (Routledge) in 2005. by the variety of its theoretical concerns and Dr Martin Johnes is allowed the completion His next study – approaches. Considered thematically, the the author of Soccer department is strong in gender history, of her monograph The Perilous Glory: Warfare and Society: South cultural history, intellectual history, social and Circus and Victorian from the Fall of Rome to Wales, 1900-1939 economic history, and the history of art and Society (University of the Millennium – is (University of Wales collecting. Members of the department are Virginia Press, 2005). contracted to Yale UP. Press, 2002) and involved in collaborative research projects She has published He is co-editing with and research centres and have organised several entries in the new Oxford DNB and has Philip de Souza of St Mary’s University College, (University of Wales and participated in international conferences won grants from the British Academy and a Strawberry Hill, a volume of essays based on concerned with urban history, the history of visiting Taft Fellowship at the University of contributions to the July 2000 Anglo-American Press, 2005). He science and medicine, the history of war and Cincinatti (2005) for work on her current book- Conference (including his own) under the title has produced conflict, the history of education, and the length project, a study of the nineteenth-century War and Peace in Ancient and Medieval numerous articles on restaurant in London and New York City. history of political thought. Considered History (contracted to Cambridge University the social, cultural and political history of geographically, the department is particularly Professor Stuart Press). He is editing a collection of Essays on Britain and Wales in the nineteenth- and strong in European history and the history of Clark has submitted Medieval warfare, 1000-1300 for Ashgate twentieth-centuries. He was awarded the the British Isles. Wales has, of course, Vanities of the Eye: and is co-editor with Professor Kelly Devries of Lord Literary Prize for Sports traditionally been a focus of research for Vision in European Loyola University (Baltimore) of another volume History (2002), was elected chair of the many members of the Swansea history staff. Cultural Debate, 1430- for the same publisher entitled Essays on Early British Society of Sports History (2004), 1680 to Oxford Medieval Warfare. Professor France is an editor and is a member of the editorial board for The research interests of members of the University Press for of the Journal of Medieval History (Boydell). Sport in History. Department fall into several natural clusters. publication in 2007, Some of these clusters are groups Dr Stefan Halikowski-Smith has published a Dr John Law has recently co-edited and and he is joint author of preoccupied with a nexus of historical series of articles and is now completing a contributed to two volumes on nineteenth- The Athlone History of problems, others are informal seminar-based monograph on Portugal and the European Witchcraft and Magic century responses to the Italian Renaissance groupings in which different kinds of Spice Trade 1480-1580 (Brill, 2007). He will in Europe: Vol 4, The Period of the Witch Trials (both 2005) and to Italian histories of the expertise are brought to bear upon a then devote himself to preparing for publication (Athlone Press: London, and University of later middle ages (2002). He is involved in particular theme. Thus the Department has a work that he is co-editing (with a Portuguese Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2002). a project sponsored by the Fondazione clusters centred on urban history (Drs Assael, colleague) Portugal Indico: A Critical Anthology Professor Clark was elected Fellow of the British Cassamarca of Treviso to publish a series of Johnes and Miskell, with Professor Williams), of Primary Source Material relating to the Academy in 2000 and he is a member of the volumes on Italy and Europe in the connoisseurship and travel (Drs Dunthorne, Portuguese Presence in South Asia in the AHRC Peer Review College. He was the Renaissance and he is completing a major Law, Mosley and Professor Whitehead), Colonial Period. He has held research Douglas Southall Freeman Professor of History monograph on The lordships, the signorie, economic history (Professor Thompson, Dr fellowships in Lisbon (2005), and Prato (2005) at the University of Richmond VA during the of late medieval and Renaissance Italy for Sarson and Nicholas Woodward), warfare and Oklahoma (2004). Spring Semester of 2003, and Stewart Fellow Cambridge University Press. Dr Law is editor (Professor France and Ifor Rowlands), the in the History Department and Council of the Dr Dan Healey of Renaissance Studies and during 2007 history of ideas (Drs Dunthorne, Mosley, Humanities at Princeton University for the Fall published Homosexual will be a visiting fellow at I Tatti, Florence. Pörtner and Professors Clark and Thompson) Semester 2004. Desire in Revolutionary and histories of the body and sexuality (Drs Russia: the Regulation Dr Jill Lewis co-edited Power and the Dr Hugh Dunthorne is completing a book The Assael, Healey, Johnes, Turner and Youngs). of Sexual and Gender people: a social history of Central European Common Road: Britain and the Dutch Revolt for Several members of the Department also Dissent (University of Politics, 1945-56 (Manchester UP, 2005), a Cambridge University Press with the aid of an have research interests in Welsh history that Chicago Press, 2001), volume of essays arising from an AHRB Research Leave award for 2003-4. He run alongside their main speciality. In many which was reissued in international conference held at Swansea, to has published several essays, as well as entries cases these interests extend well beyond the paperback in 2005. which she contributed a chapter. She was in the Oxford DNB. Dr Dunthorne secured confines of the History Department and A translation into awarded AHRC-funded research leave for involve debate and discussion with British Academy funding for, and serves on the Russian supported by 2004-5 to complete her monograph on colleagues elsewhere in the University, steering committee of, a project on William III: the Soros Open Society Foundation published Workers and Politics in Occupied Austria especially through research centres such Politics and Culture in an International Context, in 2006 by Ladomir Press, Moscow. With which was published by Manchester as the Callaghan Centre for Conflict Studies 1650-1702 which involves symposia at research leave support from the AHRC, he is University Press in 2006. or GENCAS. Utrecht, Aberdeen and The Hague. 154 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 155

Dr Louise Miskell’s Mr Ifor Rowlands published a chapter on short articles and pieces in dictionaries and authored with D Tanner, A Edwards, M Intelligent Town: An Anglo-Norman settlements in R.Walker (ed), encyclopaedias. A second enlarged edition of Cragoe and W Griffith, a monograph on Urban History of Pembrokeshire County History (, his Political economy and the Labour Party devolution in Wales between 1939 and Swansea 1780-1855 2002) and co-edited (with Bjorn Weiler) appeared in 2005. Professor Thompson is a 1997. Professor Williams is Director of the was published by the England in the Reign of Henry III (Ashgate, member of the AHRC Peer Review College. Centre for the History of Wales and the University of Wales 2002), based on the proceedings of a Borderlands in the School of Humanities. He is Dr David Turner Press in 2006, in the conference held at Swansea in April 2000. An also co-director of the Centre for Border Studies published Fashioning series ‘Studies in Welsh essay entitled “Magna Carta 1215: Its which was established in 2003 with £601K Adultery: Gender, Sex History’. She has Publication and Distribution” will appear shortly funding from HEFCW, with a Senior Research and Civility in England published several in English Historical Review. Fellow, two research assistants, and four PhD 1660-1740 articles on migration studentships. He was part of the team working Dr Steve Sarson’s British America, 1500- (Cambridge UP, 2002) and on urban history, and has now embarked on Welsh devolution funded by the ESRC. 1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining an and is now working on upon a study of the role of the scientific meeting Empire (Arnold) appeared in 2005. He has a project on plural Mr Nick Woodward published The in the history of nineteenth-century towns. published a series of articles on the economic marriage in early Management of the British Economy 1945 - Dr Adam Mosley will publish Bearing the and social history of Prince George’s County, modern England and 2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004), and Heavens: Tycho Brahe and the Astronomical Maryland, and on white society in the Wales. Dr Turner has has also published several articles on crime in Issue in the Late-Sixteenth Century with American South. He is currently writing The recently completed the joint editing (with Kevin eighteenth and nineteenth-century Wales. Cambridge University Press in 2007. He is Redefinition of American Freedom, 1764- Stagg of Cardiff University) of a book of Dr Deborah Youngs' jointly guest-editing an issue of Studies in 1865. Dr Sarson is an organizer of the British essays, entitled A Social History of Disability, book The Life Cycle History & Philosophy of Science devoted to Group in Early American History. for the Studies in the Social History of in Later Medieval instruments and images in the history of Medicine Series published by Routledge. In Professor John Spurr Europe (Manchester astronomy. Dr Mosley’s plans for further work addition to his Roger W. Eddy visiting research has recently published University Press) on the history and historiography of the fellowship at Yale University in 2001, he was The Post-Reformation: appeared in January mathematical culture of early-modern Europe a Visiting Scholar at St Deiniol’s Library, Religion, Politics and 2006. In 2005 she will lead to a monograph on cosmography as Hawarden, in 2004. Society in Britain secured an AHRC a practice and a discipline and other 1603-1714 (Pearson, Professor Maurice Whitehead has published Research Leave puiblications. He is serving on the project 2006) and completed articles in Recusant History and Paedagogica Award for the committee of Conflict and Priority in Early- his edition of volume 1 Historica and a book chapter on Catholic completion of her next Modern Astronomy, supported by the British of Roger Morrice’s education in the late-eighteenth and early book, a monograph entitled A Provincial Academy and the CNRS, Paris. Entring Book. He has nineteenth centuries. He has edited, with Gentleman in Early Tudor England. Dr Regina Pörtner’s monograph of 2001, published various other David Hartley, Teacher Education: major Professor Ralph Griffiths was awarded an The Counter-Reformation in Central Europe: articles and essays, including “A Profane themes (5 vols., Routledge, 2006, 2200pp), Emeritus Leverhulme Fellowship for 2003-05. Styria 1580-1630 (Oxford University Press, History of Early Modern Oaths”, Transactions and is also at work on a monograph on His study of England and the crown`s 2001), has been accompanied by a series of of the Royal Historical Society, 11 (2001). English Jesuit education and culture in dominions in the fifteenth century has led to related articles in English and German. She is His future plans include a monograph on the continental Europe in the late-eighteenth several publications (2003, 2004) and in part of a network of scholars working on the history of oaths and swearing. He has recently century. Professor Whitehead is a member of progress are The Lancastrians and England Counter-Reformation. She is currently working been awarded a visiting fellowship at the an international network of scholars working on and Wales between the Glyn Dwr revolt and on a monograph with the working title of Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences the history of Jesuit education and culture, co- the Acts of Union, and editions of Edward IV’s Perfecting the Union: Law Reform and and Humanities at Cambridge University in ordinated by the Universitá degli Studi di Household Books, and a Register of the Modernization in Scotland, 1747-1848 connection with this work. Professor Spurr is on Torino. He also contributes to the newly formed Council in the Marches of Wales. which will be published in German through the board of the Roger Morrice Entring Book international Jesuitica Research Forum at the the German Historical Institute. She is a Project, an AHRC funded project during 2001- University of Leiden. For further information, please contact collaborator in a research project on 4, with publication due in 2007. He is on the Professor Chris Williams has several major Professor John Spurr ‘Recatholicization of Multiconfessional AHRC Research Panel 4. projects approaching completion, including Communities in Early Modern Europe 1550- [email protected] Professor Noel Thompson (Head of the Portrait of a British town: Newport Society in 1700’, directed by Professor Martin Elbel, School of Humanities) has recently published 1851 (University of Wales Press, scheduled for University of Olomouc, Czech Republic, and Left in the Wilderness: The Political Economy of 2007), The Gwent County History IV, The Dr Judith Pollmann, University of Leiden. The British Democratic Socialism since 1979 Victorians and the Alps (London and project was launched with a workshop in Cluj (Acumen, 2002), together with a series of Hambledon), a pocket guide to The Mountains (Rumania) in September 2005. chapters and journal articles, and a number of of Wales (University of Wales Press), and, co- 156 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 157

political theorist Dr. Mark Evans who has national character and of the civilizing process explored the continuing relevance of a theory in England and Austria and Dr Brocklehurst’s of Just War and insists upon the normative recently completed ESRC project on the dimension of global politics. interaction of national identity and history teaching in schools. Dr Finlayson, who has Given its geographical location, and the conducted research on nationalism in Ireland, fact that it is the only Department of Politics has also published work on the media and in Wales, it is not surprising that there is a politics and is currently developing theoretical strong research interest in devolution and and empirical work on political communication Welsh public policy. This is approached and rhetoric, a dimension that is within an appropriately global and comparative context. Dr Jonathan Bradbury’s complemented by Dr Sam Chambers research research, and his profession-wide role as into political theories of language and into the convener of the Political Studies Association politics of television, cultural theory and cultural British and Comparative Territorial Politics politics. This area has been greatly enhanced Group, have been crucial to The by the appointment of Dr Rebecca Brown who Department’s efforts to bring a world of is a specialist in the cultural and aesthetic research on regional governance to Wales dimensions of nationalism and political identity as well as bringing the unique experience in India. It is hoped that this research area will of Wales to the world. Dr Bradbury will culminate in the formation of a new Centre for POLITICS AND other that can help us understand the kinds of bring this expertise to his new role as the Study of Theory, Culture and Politics. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS institutions and values needed to manage director designate of the Institute of Professor Roland The Department of Politics and International global political relations. Expanding upon the Governance and Public Policy (IGAPP) to be Axtmann has three Relations at Swansea University is committed to security concerns of the Callaghan Centre for established by the University within the near interconnected research disciplinary innovation and experimentation the Study of Conflict (currently run by future. In addition, Professor Axtmann’s interests, each of which while maintaining direct connections with the Professor Michael Sheehan) research and research into state formation and empire- is part of his distinctive primary concerns of the field. The Department investment have been directed into the study building as well as Robert Bideleux’s historical and strives to be a research unit of distinctive of international political institutions, the values research into democratization and civil theoretical analysis of individuals, pushing the boundaries of their that animate them and the concepts required society in Eastern Europe and into the comparative politics, diverse fields in an environment of fertile intra- to understand them. politics of the Balkan region opens up government and exciting comparative dimensions and also disciplinary debate and well-supported inter- For instance, Head of Department Professor governance in their the context of the ever expanding European disciplinary engagement. The Department is Roland Axtmann is a specialist in the theory domestic and global Union, while Dr Alan Finlayson has small but unified; focused, ready and willing to of global politics and of the demands settings. These are, firstly, the formation and developed a distinctive approach to the expand; eager and excited to increase the (intellectual, ethical and institutional) that it transformation of political macro-structures in study of both Northern Irish Politics and the pace of intellectual development. makes of us. Professor Baylis and Dr Mark Europe as understood from a historical and ideology and public policy of new Labour. Smith have published extensively on the comparative Weberian perspective; In sharing and discussing work with each other, Most recently the Department has international treaties that help prevent the secondly, globalisation, with particular all staff, regardless of sub-field, profit from the strengthened these regional concerns with proliferation of nuclear and ballistic missiles. emphasis on the modern state and its discovery of unexpected crossovers and the appointment of Dr Rebecca Brown who Professor Baylis is also the co-editor of a implication in the processes of globalisation, synergies, which has enabled the Department complements Dr Collins’ special interest in major textbook on the globalisation of politics in particular the effects of globalisation on to direct resources towards three significant the politics of S.E. Asia with an expertise in while Dr. Alan Collins has recently edited a ‘national’ identity and culture as well as the concentrations of effort. the politics and culture of India and companion volume on Security Studies. ‘cultural significance’ of globalisation more Pakistan. GLOBAL POLITICS, POWER, Professor Michael Sheehan has authored a generally; thirdly, modernity and democracy GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY study of theories and methods and security CULTURAL POLITICS AND of which he asks questions such as What is studies and is a specialist on the POLITICAL THEORY ‘democracy’? What are the preconditions for Today all Politics is Global Politics. But to management of the militarization of space. its ‘reinvention’ in a world of radicalized think politics with a global aspect Another, and unique strength of the ‘diversity’, as a result of the politicization of necessitates more than a new sub-field of Dr Helen Brocklehurst has sought to bring the Department concerns the interaction of social identity, in the ‘new’ Europe of continental globalization studies. The Department wants horrifying role of children and child soldiers and political theory with the analysis of integration and in an emerging ‘world to bring International Relations, Security in political conflict to the forefront of political identities, subjectivities and cultures. society’? His most recent interest is in Studies, Political Theory, History and International Relations and Security Studies – Examples of this include Professor Axtmann’s International Political Theory and recent Sociology into new relationships with each an ethical concern central to the work of comparative study of the development of publications include Balancing Democracy 158 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 159

(2001), Understanding Democratic Politics best selling book published by Oxford Another key area of research has concerned Dr Sam Chambers has three intertwined (2004) and Authority, State and National University Press. the politics of the additional member electoral strands of research that run across the Character: The Civilizing Process in England systems in the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Department's strengths in political theory and Mr Robert Bideleux’s research has two and Austria, 1700 – 1900 (2006); Assembly. Dr Bradbury’s work on party cultural politics. The first strand centres on the interrelated foci: the governance implications Democracy: Problems and Perspectives adaptation has led to an article on British theoretical analysis of language, history, and of the EU and its supranational legal order; (2007) and articles on the state and political parties and multi-level politics (with J subjectivity, and takes concrete shape in the and the long-term historical and political globalisation in International Political Science Hopkin), to be published in the American form of a rethinking of rights and a trajectories of East-Central, South-Eastern and Review (2004), on Hannah Arendt in Review journal of federalism, Publius (2006) and he is reassessment of the role of political theory in Eastern Europe. The main fruits of the latter are of International Studies and on the ‘Myth of currently completing a monograph on contemporary politics. The second includes a two volumes to be published by Routledge in 1648’ in International Politics. Devolution in Wales and has been enlisted by broad investigation of the possibility of cultural October 2006 and January 2007, the programme Director, Charlie Jeffery, to co- politics, along with a number of specific Professor John respectively. This two-volume set comprises: edit the ESRC Devolution and Constitutional interventions into cultural politics through Baylis’ research The Balkans: A Post-Communist History (with Change programme book on Wales, explorations of the politics of US television. interests are in two Ian Jeffries), which is a comprehensive analysis scheduled for 2006. Finally, the third strand studies the politics of main areas: nuclear of political and economic change in the post- gender and sexuality, focusing particularly on history and Anglo- Communist Balkans; and a substantially Dr Helen Brocklehurst’s research focuses the writings of Judith Butler, in an effort both to American relations. revised and up-dated second edition of A attention upon the role of children in war. She fill a void in the secondary literature on Butler An established History of Eastern Europe (1st edition, 1998). has published work on the ethical aspects of and to demonstrate her contributions to political scholar in the field of Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries are also this phenomenon, as seen in her book theory. Recent publications in these areas nuclear history his completing a companion volume on East chapter Just war? Just Children? in Just War include: Untimely Politics (2003), recent publications Central Europe, entitled East Central Europe: Theory: A Reappraisal, 2005, a theme 'Telepistemology of the Closet' (2003), 'Giving include ‘Exchanging A Contemporary History, which will probably pursued at an international workshop in 2006 Up (on) Rights?' (2004), 'The Politics of Nuclear Secrets' in the Diplomatic History, be published by Yale University Press in 2007. on Missing/(In) action: Children, Conflict and Literarity' (2005), and 'Cultural Politics' (2006). 2001, ‘Britain and the Chevaline Project: Ethics. This will lead to a special edition of a In addition, Robert Bideleux is completing a Forthcoming publications under contract The Hidden Nuclear Programme, 1967- journal with Edinburgh University Press. Dr book for Routledge on the European Union as include: The Political Theory of Judith Butler, 1982', (with K Stoddart) in The Journal of Brocklehurst has also conducted research into a supranational legal order, entitled After Judith Butler's Precarious Politics, and The Strategic Studies, 2003; and ‘British education and national identity, for which she Democracy: Europe’s Emerging Civil Order Queer Politics of Television. Nuclear Doctrine, the “Moscow Criteria” received ESRC funding, and she was co- (probably 2007), and a trade book for Yale and the Polaris Improvement Programme', in editor and co-author of History, Nationhood Dr Alan Collins University Press on the relationship between Contemporary British History, 2005. His and the Question of Britain, a 550 page pursues two main various conceptions of Europe and ‘the Orient’, broader research interest in Anglo-American volume with over 30 contributions. areas of interest: i) the entitled Oriental Europe (probably 2008). relations can be seen in recent publications broadening and Dr Rebecca Brown's three strands of research such as `Britain, the United States and Dr Jonathan Bradbury’s research primarily deepening of security together form a unique approach to the study Europe: To choose or not to choose', in J focuses on devolution and territorial politics in studies with a particular of the politics, power and identity of South Baylis and J Roper, The United States and the UK. He has developed a rigorous and interest in securitization Asian region and its diasporas. Her work Europe: Beyond the Neo-Conservative systematic political science approach to this and means of investigates, first, the workings of colonial Divide? (Routledge: 2006) and an article topic as can been seen in recent scholarly mitigating the security power within visual culture and the built on ‘The Anglo-American Special articles such as ‘The political dynamics of sub- dilemma. ii) Southeast environment, second, nation-building in the Relationship: The Lazarus of International state regionalisation: a neo-functionalist Asian security issues. aftermath of partition and independence in Relations’ with Steve Marsh in Diplomacy perspective and the case of devolution in the These research interests combine to provide 1947, and third, the on-going negotiation with and Statecraft, 2006. He also works in the UK’ (British Journal of Politics and International both a theoretical and empirical substance to these histories as found in the US and UK field of Strategic Studies and has recently Relations) and Territory and Power revisited: his publications, as manifest in the articles that diasporas. Brown has published articles on the written a chapter on the future of arms theorising UK territorial politics after devolution. have appeared in The Pacific Review, Asian first strand in The Journal of Asian Studies control and counter-proliferation to be He has published five jointly authored annual Survey and Cooperation and Conflict. He is (2006), Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics published in an edited book Strategy in the review articles on devolution (with J Mitchell or currently conducting research on ASEAN as a (2003), and The Journal of Urban History Contemporary World (2nd edition: Baylis, N McGarvey) in Parliamentary Affairs (2001- security community and secured British (2003). She has presented her diaspora Wirtz, Cohen and Gray, OUP, 2006). He 2005) and compiled the recent monograph Academy funding to conduct fieldwork in research at several international venues. An has recently completed the third edition of Union and Devolution, Territorial Politics in the Southeast Asia during the summer of 2006. A article on modernity and post-independent The Globalisation of International Politics United Kingdom, as well as the edited work book project on this topic is underway. He is India in South Asian Studies (2006) will be (edited with Professor Steve Smith (OUP, (with J Mawson), Devolution and Regionalism: also the editor of Contemporary Security followed by a monograph on this research 2004). This textbook has sold over the UK Experience, with Taylor Francis. Studies, an Oxford University Press publication. from Duke University Press in 2007. 160,000 copies in 35 countries and is the 160 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 161

Dr Mark Evans pursues research around reader and Guide, 2004) he has also a book on The International Politics of Space is SCHOOL RESEARCH CENTRES three main themes: Just War theory; Liberalism examined the philosophy and ideology of in progress and due for publication by CALLAGHAN CENTRE FOR THE STUDY and personal ethics of character; and a Blairism (Making Sense of New Labour, 2003). Routledge in 2007. A co-edited book, OF CONFLICT defence of analytic normative moral and He is currently researching theories and Securing Outer Space (with Natalie Bormann) political philosophy. He recently edited (and practices of political rhetoric and has published based on papers presented at the 2006 ISA The Callaghan Centre is an interdisciplinary wrote three chapters of) Just War Theory: A on this in journals such as Economy and Society conference is due for publication in late 2007, research centre whose objective is to Reappraisal (2005) and is currently working and Critical Review of International Social and (Routledge). A chapter on The Evolution of promote detailed research and informed on a book about War, Morality and Political Philosophy. He is convenor of the PSA Modern Warfare is published in Baylis, debate on war and conflict, both historical Humanity. He has also published articles such specialist group for Post-structuralist philosophy Cohen, and Wirtz, Strategy in the and contemporary. It does this through its as Politicians as Paragons of Virtue: Liberalism and radical politics. Contemporary World, (2nd edn 2006) and a programme of research and conferences and and Ethical Exemplification in Public Life and chapter on ‘The Changing Nature of War’ in through the education and training activities Professor Michael Authenticity in the Jargon of Multiculturalism as Baylis and Smith, The Globalisation of World represented by the Masters and Doctoral Sheehan’s research well as book chapters such as ‘Terrorism’ in Politics, (4th edn, 2007). Professor Sheehan is programmes in war and conflict studies. focuses on international the Moral Discourse of Humanity and Human Series Editor (with Helen Brocklehurst) of the space policy and the The Centre reflects an impressive depth of Rights, Moral Articulacy and Democratic Palgrave book series, on Democracy and War. relationship between expertise in this area. The Callaghan Dynamism: In Defence of Normative He presented papers on Decolonising Security democracy and war. Centre is premised on the belief that the Philosophy. A chapter on Thin Universalism Theory at the 2005 ECPR Conference in Previous research successful analysis of war and conflict and the ‘Limits’ of Justification will be published ; on Anarchism and Environmental covered critical security requires an interdisciplinary approach that in a volume entitled Principles in a Plural Theory and on European Space Cooperation issues, reflected in a draws on a variety of perspectives. The World. He has recently taken over as and International Integration at the 2005 BISA monograph, Centre defines conflict in the broadest sense, associate editor of a major journal in the field, Conference; on European Space Policy at the International Security: to embrace not only policies relating to the Politics and Ethics Review. 2006 ISA Conference and on US Military An Analytical Survey (2005) and articles application and control of military force, but Space Doctrine at the 2006 PSA Conference. Dr Alan Finlayson’s analysing regional security dynamics in the also conflict resolution and the analysis of research involves Balkans and North East Asia; Democratic Dr Mark Smith has been working in the field non-military issues with the potential to lead political theory, British Peace and the European Security Community: of missile proliferation and missile defence to large-scale violence. politics, and cultural The Paradox of Greece and Turkey, and since 2000 and has published several articles, The Centre is the only one of its kind in studies. The editor of Creating an Arms Control Mechanism in North- chapters and research papers in this field, Wales. Its objectives include the two books on political East Asia: The Application of the European including Britain and Missile Defence, in achievement of funded Research Centre theory (Politics and Security Cooperation Regime. Ongoing Contemporary Security Policy, (with Professor status from AHRC/ESRC and recognition of Poststructuralism, 2002) research is more focussed on issues relating to Baylis), Arms Control to Counterproliferation: its national status from the Welsh Executive. and Contemporary space policy. An article on US military space Strategies Against WMD Proliferation (with It will pursue substantial Foundation grants to Political Theory: A doctrine is under review with Astropolitics and Dinshaw & Mistry), A Regime to Contain recruit contracted research staff, and will Missile Proliferation, Assessing Missile develop the Masters and Doctoral Proliferation, and On Thin Ice: First Steps for programmes established in 2005. It will the Ballistic Missile Code of Conduct. He has organise a continuous programme of national also prepared two specially-commissioned and international conferences around its core reports on missile proliferation for the Japanese research themes and contribute to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was principal development of a vigorous University author of a report on European views on research community in this field. ballistic missile defence for the British Ministry of Defence. His other area of research interest THE CENTRE FOR EGYPTOLOGY is British Nuclear History 1939-62 and he has AND MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY (CEMA) recently published a second edition of a co- authored book, Britain, Australia and the The University is a major centre for research Bomb: The Nuclear Tests 1952-62. The in Egyptology, and has established an original version was published in 1984. archaeological project in Egypt itself, with the support of the Egypt Exploration Society. For further information, please contact In August 2005, an agreement was Professor Roland Axtmann reached with the German mission working [email protected] on the huge site of Qantir/ Piramesse in the Eastern Nile Delta, the ancient capital of 162 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 163

Egypt during the Ramesside Era (1300- which the history of Wales is viewed against an 'international, interdisciplinary organization CENTRE FOR 1100 BC) and one of the most prestigious other Celtic regions, other coalfield societies (in of scholars and informed citizens concerned to WITTGENSTEINIAN places to excavate in Egypt, on starting Europe, America, and Asia), and the UK as a promote the study of past and present political STUDIES caesium magnetometric prospection and whole. In particular, the Centre has strong thinking'. It was founded in North America and The Centre aims to subsequent excavation from 2006 onwards. interests in nineteenth- and twentieth-century is currently centred at Columbia University, with further the study of The Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt urban history, in issues surrounding migration, chapters throughout Europe, the UK, Australia, perhaps the greatest has now formally granted the University demography, and national identity, and in the Asia, and the Middle East. The 'Western philosopher of the permission to take up work on the site as an history of cultural activities and recreations. The Britain' chapter of the CSPT will produce a 20th Century. The independent mission twinned with the medieval history of Wales is another area of vibrant centre for the study of political thought, implications of German team (based at the Roemer- particular specialism. drawing on the University’s strength within the Wittgenstein’s work Pelizaeus-Museum in Hildesheim) and the field of political theory, and providing links to The Centre is led by Professor Chris Williams. are still being Austrian mission in the adjacent Tell el-Daba scholars of political thought and public It provides a focus for the continuing work of Dr explored world-wide. (University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of intellectuals throughout the world. The CSPT will Louise Miskell on urban history in Wales and Membership of the Sciences). CEMA will provide a support invited speakers, conferences, and beyond, for Dr Martin Johnes’ work on Welsh Centre includes Dr comprehensive research frame hosting provide a location for the intersection of the identities, including English-Welsh relations and Mario von der Ruhr Egyptological projects and conferences. diverse research interests of the department's perceptions, and for Professor Williams’s own (Director), Dr Ieuan Key initiatives in this respect include the political theorists. Dr Samuel Chambers work on Gwent, Welsh devolution, and Welsh Williams, Mr H O establishment of a competitive research facilitated the shift of the CSPT to Swansea and political history. The Centre works closely with Mounce (Research library in the field of Egyptology that serves as the area convenor. other research institutions, including the Fellow) and Professor includes the scholarly library of J Gwyn National Waterfront Museum in Swansea, and KYKNOS (THE SWANSEA, LAMPETER David Cockburn Griffiths (4000 volumes, among which the National Library and the Centre for AND EXETER CENTRE FOR RESEARCH (Lampeter). The 1600 in the field of Egyptology, 2400 in Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies at ON ANCIENT NARRATIVE LITERATURE) Centre also corresponds with a wide range the area of Classics). Aberystwyth. of members in academic institutions around Swansea University has a distinguished history CEMA is also well placed to promote work the UK and internationally. Members of the New publications of scholarship in the area of the narrative exploring the interfaces between Egypt and Centre continue to pursue their own literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and the classical civilisations. The conference Professor Williams’s latest publication is the research in the area of Wittgensteinian particularly in the study of the ancient novel: of on The Walls of the Ruler (2006), for volume Postcolonial Wales, edited with Jane Studies. Research is based on the Rush the eight contributors to B P Reardon’s now example, focused on the defence of Egypt Aaron (University of Wales Press, 2005). He Rhees Archive, named after one of standard Collected Ancient Greek Novels from the Old Kingdom to the Roman currently has two edited volumes in press: Wittgenstein’s literary executives and a (California 1989), four were members of the period. The classical archaeological Wales and War: Politics, Society and Religion leading exponent of his thought. The University. The subject expertise is now research of Dr David Gill and Dr Nigel in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Centre is also the new home for the concentrated in Swansea and Lampeter. Pollard includes projects based in Libya edited with Matthew Cragoe (University of Blackwell Journal Philosophical Swansea in particular has been successful in and Egypt. More widely, Dr Eddie Owens Wales Press), and Debating Nationhood and Investigations, which is now received by attracting research students, from Continental (in Asia Minor), Dr Pollard (in Syria and Governance in Britain, 1885-1939: over 850 universities. The journal is the Europe and Japan as well as from the UK, Italy) and Dr Maria Pretzler (in Italy) are all Perspectives from the ‘Four Nations’, edited world centre for papers on Wittgenstein. establishing a vibrant postgraduate research active in Roman archaeology, while Dr with Duncan Tanner, Wil Griffith and Andrew culture. Swansea is at the centre of an Owens’ monograph on the water supplies Edwards (Manchester University Press). expanding network of collaborative work: SCHOOL ARCHIVES of the cities of Pisidia complements Dr Dr Johnes’s latest book is A History of Sport KYKNOS has made links with other universities RICHARD BURTON COLLECTION Rihll’s interests in ancient technology. in Wales (University of Wales Press, 2005). in the UK and Europe and draws academics The Richard Burton Archive deposited in the CENTRE FOR Dr Miskell’s new book, Intelligent Town: An and PhD students from other universities to University in May 2005 contains a wide THE HISTORY OF Urban History of Swansea 1780-1855 was Swansea in order to work within the group. variety of material. At its heart are the diaries WALES AND ITS published by the University of Wales Press Professor John Morgan and the recent kept by Richard Burton, the majority dating BORDERLANDS in 2006. appointments of Dr Karen Ní Mheallaigh from the period 1960-1983 together with an (Swansea) and Dr Ian Repath (Lampeter) The Centre for the CONFERENCE FOR THE STUDY OF earlier diary he kept for the year 1940. These ensure the continuing strength of the centre. History of Wales and POLITICAL THOUGHT (CSPT) largely cover the years of his marriage to Within the Department, Professor Ceri Davies, Elizabeth Taylor and were used by Melvyn its Borderlands provides The Department of Politics and International Dr Fritz-Gregor Herrmann and Dr Pretzler in Bragg when writing his biography of Richard a focus for the activities Relations is home to the International the classical areas and Professors Lloyd and Burton, Rich. In addition to the diaries there is of the historians of Conference for the Study of Political Thought Schneider in Egyptology have interests that also a series of correspondence files kept from Wales at Swansea. (CSPT), Western Britain chapter. The CSPT is contribute in different ways to KYKNOS. the period around 1957 when Richard Burton The Centre takes a comparative approach in 164 School of Humanities Swansea University Breakthrough 165

moved to Switzerland and about 20 film The manuscript archival material is dominated newspaper cuttings. The subjects covered SCHOOL CONFERENCES posters dating from 1953-1978 for films such by the records of the National Union of reflect the interests of the individual communities The History of Crime in Wales- March 2005 as The Desert Rats, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Mineworkers (South Wales Area) and its of the South Wales Coalfield and include Organised by Professor John Spurr, Head of Woolf? and The Spy Who came in from the branches or lodges. However there are also social studies, sociology, economics, politics, History. Cold. Other audiovisual material includes records of other organisations, in particular the history, and education, as well as the history Rethinking Social Democracy: the political economy, past present and future – April 2005 audio and videotapes of his performances and miners’ institutes, co-operative societies and and practice of mining. There is also a a large number of photographs, both formal Co-organised by Professor Noel Thompson, Head local political parties and documents from number of reference works such as local trade of School. film shots and informal family photos. The individuals including – miners, trade union directories, colliery yearbooks, mining statistics collection contains a large number of books The Science, Culture and Practice of Soviet leaders and members of parliament such as and lists of mines. The topics covered by the medicine – May 2005 that formed part of Richard Burton’s library and Arthur Horner and S O Davies. newspaper cuttings include the Co-organised by Dr Dan Healey (History) with some gramophone records. The collection also industry and trade unions, particularly the external funding from the Wellcome Trust and the includes a number of artefacts, such as the In addition the collection contains interviews British Academy for Russian contributors. 1972,1974 and 1984-85 miners’ strikes. The Evening Standard Drama Award for 1955 and with individuals from all sections of the collection also includes a unique series of The Medieval Mercenary – July 2005 Richard Burton’s book bag, a large holdall community. Some of the interviews are Organised by Ifor Rowlands and Professor John pamphlets dating from and about the Spanish used to carry dictionaries and all the books he recorded on videotape, which provides a France (History), with financial support from the Civil War, and an outstanding selection of British Academy and the Royal Historical Society. was reading when away from home. This unique resource for the study of the social Independent Labour Party pamphlets. archive represents a resource which has the history of the Welsh coalfield. It also provides Fifteenth Century Cenference – September 2005 capacity to draw to it distinguished visiting Organised by Dr Deborah Youngs (History), with a rich resource for linguistic researchers. PETER WINCH ARCHIVE financial support from the Royal Historical Society. scholars and to act as a focus for research activity of international significance. The photographic collection contains over The Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies is the Sex and Gender in Ancient Egypt - December 4,500 photographs and records events, new home for twelve boxes of occasional 2005 THE RUSH RHEES ARCHIVE Launched by the curator of the University’s Egypt people and landscapes from the late nineteenth material by the distinguished philosopher Peter Centre, Carolyn Graves-Brown, chaired by The Archive was century to the present day. They illustrate most Winch. The trustees for this archive are Lars Professor Thomas Schneider (Classics, Ancient purchased by the aspects of life in the coalfield over the period: Hertzberg (Finland); Raimond Gaita (London History and Egyptology) University in 1989 trade union leaders and delegations, marches and Australia); Mario von der Ruhr (Swansea); Place and American Indian History, Literature after Rush Rhees’ and disputes alongside recreational activities Timothy Tessin (Texas). Publications from the and Culture - March 2006 death. This archive is such as choirs, sports teams and galas. archive have already appeared in the journals Organised by Dr Joy Porter (American Studies) and supported by the British Academy an important repository Faith and Philosophy and Philosophical The collection of trade union banners has been A Politics of Contingency: Critical Assessments of of documents of Investigations, and the publishers Routledge described as "the largest collection of colliery the Political Theory of Judith Butler – May 2006 international and Kegan Paul are prepared to commission lodge banners in Wales" by the Council of Organised by Dr Sam Chambers (Politics and significance for the re-publication of all Winch’s papers in three International Relations). Museums in Wales. Of the 38 trade union philosophers and it volumes, entitled: Wittgenstein; Philosophy and Walls of the Ruler: Fortifications, Police Beats, banners held in the collection, the majority are consists of 160,000 the Social Sciences; Ethics and Religion. and Military Checkpoints in Ancient Egypt – May pages of manuscripts of different kinds. Rush National Union of Mineworkers (South Wales 2006 Rhees was an important pupil of Wittgenstein, Area) Lodge banners, which date from the Organised by Dr Ellen Morris and Dr Greg the most famous philosopher of the twentieth 1950s onwards. The collection also includes a Mumford (Classics, Ancient History and century, and his papers are of sufficient number of banners from the 1984-85 miners' Egyptology) importance to have attracted scholars of strike, many of them made by the communities International Conference on Welsh Studies – July 2006 international repute to Swansea. themselves. The banners have been described Co-organised by Professor Chris Williams (History) by Dr Nicholas Mansfield, Director of the SOUTH WALES COALFIELD COLLECTION with the North American Association for the Study National Museum of Labour History as, “a of Welsh Culture and History and with support from The South Wales Coalfield Collection (SWCC) starting point for anyone interested in Welsh the University’s Centre for the History of Wales and is a unique and internationally important banners in particular and the cultural history of its Borderlands. research collection. It provides an unmatched South Wales in general. The comparatively late History and the Public – April 2007 Co-organised by Professor David Bates (Institute of range of material on the social, economic and banner carrying tradition amongst South Wales Historical Research) and Professor John Spurr and cultural experience of one of the first, and most miners means that the collection is particularly Dr Martin Johnes (History). rapid, periods of major industrial development strong on post-1945 material, so that more The Political Thought of William Connolly – May and has already been used for a wide variety modern designs under-represented in other 2007 of research. The Collection’s emphasis on the collections predominate”. Organised by Dr Sam Chambers (Politics and records of individuals and their organisations is International Relations). The printed material fully supports the content of particularly valuable, as is its unusually wide The annual conference of the Political Studies the primary material held. The collection range of media. Association – April 2008 includes books, periodicals, pamphlets and Hosted by the Politics and International Relations Department. 167 School of Law Head of School - Professor Iwan Davies www.swansea.ac.uk/law School of Law

The research conducted in the School of Law attains to levels of international excellence and is at the cutting edge of Law’s development. Since its inception in 1994, the School has rapidly established a cohesive and supportive research environment which facilitates the production of research output of the highest quality. The School continues to display energy and enthusiasm and is keen to develop further its reputation for excellence in many areas of Law, including International Commercial and Maritime Law, Legal Theory, EU Law, Law and Literature and Public Law. In recent years, the School has attracted and retained senior and junior members of staff and the overall impression of the School research environment is that of vibrancy which is responsive to research initiatives in diverse areas of enquiry, including inter-disciplinary work. The School’s research strategy is necessarily threefold: supporting existing staff in their personal research objectives; making a number of additional key appointments; and enhancing the School’s research culture and esteem factors. To this end, the School has committed itself to an ambitious strategy but does so in the belief that its achievements over recent years, and its initial steps in following such a strategy, make it credible and feasible. There is a strong research culture in the School. Indeed, through its research activity the School has made a full contribution to the regional economy and has been pivotal in the development of Legal Wales. Equally important is that the School’s research activity has made a beneficial impact on the wider community in the UK and internationally through, for example, the focus on International Trade Law and also the work conducted on global justice, jurisprudence and human rights. The picture which emerges from the research profile is that of a confident School with a clear sense of direction, matched by an ambition to establish the School’s reputation as one of the UK’s leading research-led law schools

Professor Iwan Davies Head, School of Law 168 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 169

OVERVIEW transferable. This can be demonstrated by European and International Law Noisy Trampolinist: Refining the ASBO’s Research activity in the School of Law is the use of the Technium model in discussions Definition of ‘Anti-Social Behaviour’” (2006) Dr Arwel Davies conducted to produce work recognised at diplomatic level during the Conference on 69 Modern Law Review 183 “Mandatory and Discretionary Legislation in within the academic community for its Innovation Management in Thailand, Vietnam WTO Law: A Distinction Worth Preserving?” Gwyn Parry excellence, including work that is at the and the in September 2005. The 31 (2004) Legal Issues of Economic “The Languages of Evidence” [2004] cutting edge of law’s development as a School has also produced important research Integration 185 Criminal Law Review 1015 discipline and its dynamic relationship with on the capacity of the legal profession within “Reviewing Dispute Settlement at the World other intellectual disciplines. Equally important Wales which has fed into the policy making Socio-legal Studies and Legal Trade Organization: A Time to Reconsider for the School is that research activity of the Welsh Assembly Government. Theory the Role/s of Compensation?” 5 (2006) operates to have a beneficial impact on the Members of the School have acted in a World Trade Review 31 Ruth Costigan (with Phil Thomas) wider community, in Wales, the UK, and number of participatory or consultative “The Human Rights Act: A View from Below” internationally. capacities with a great variety of other Dr Gotthard Gauci “The European Commission’s three-front (2005) 32 Journal of Law and Society 51; The School’s research activities may be governmental and non-governmental bodies, attack against the special regime for also published in The Human Rights Act: A divided between those that produce including: the Bangkok Statement on shipowners’ pollution liability. Is the Success Story? (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, outcomes, whether through individual Innovation Management and Law; the British international regime in danger?” (2005) 2005) scholarship or engagement in major research Maritime Law Association; the Griffiths 330 MarIus (Scandinavian Institute of projects, and those that disseminate the Commission on over-indebtedness in the UK; Dr Bebhinn Donnelly Maritime Law, University of Oslo) 211 “The Epistemic Importance of the Factual products of research, such as the House of Commons Select Committee on Base in New and Traditional Natural Law organisation of conferences and seminars, Constitutional Affairs; Wales Public Law and Dr Helen Quane Theory” (2006) 25 Law and Philosophy 1 and the editing of journals. The School also Human Rights Association; Save the “The Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the devotes considerable energy and resources Children; Welsh Development Agency; the Development Process” (2005) 27 Human Professor Andrew Halpin to promoting the environment required for Home Office; the National Assembly for Rights Quarterly 652 “Glenn’s Legal Traditions of the World: Some such activities to flourish. The internal aspect Wales; the Civil Service College; the Law “The Strasbourg Jurisprudence and the Broader Philosophical Issues” (2006) 1 of that environment is exhibited in a strong Society; Swansea Family Court Inter Meaning of a ‘Public Authority’ under the Journal of Comparative Law 116 Disciplinary Forum; Family Justice Council; research culture. However, the full extent of Human Rights Act” (2006) Public Law 106 “Or, Even, What the Law Can Teach the the School’s research ambitions cannot be DETR Advisory Committee on the Professor Jukka Snell Philosophy of Language: A Response to fulfilled without attending to the external International Convention on Arrest of Ships. “And Then There Were Two: Products and Green’s Dworkin’s Fallacy” (2005) 91 aspect of that environment. The School is, The School enjoys close links with Citizens in Community Law” in T Tridimas and Virginia Law Review 175 accordingly, actively engaged in forging and international, regional and local law firms. P Nebbia (eds), European Union Law for the Professor Melanie Williams maintaining its relationships with the legal The School is an accredited external CPD Twenty-First Centre: Volume II (Oxford: Hart Secrets and Laws (London: UCL Press, 2005) profession, commerce, governmental and provider and offers a range of CPD courses Publishing, 2004) “Death Rites: Assisted Suicide and Existential non-governmental agencies. for the legal profession, in addition to in- “Economic Aims as Justification for Rights” (2005) 1 International Journal of Law in house legal training for FTSE 100 firms as The contribution that the School makes to the Restrictions on Free Movement” in A Context 183 part of an active programme of Continuing regional economy and also to the Schrauwen (ed), Rule of Reason: Rethinking Professional Development. development of “Legal Wales” is an another Classic of EC Legal Doctrine Public Law and Welsh Jurisdictional important aspect of the School’s research The School of Law celebrated its tenth (Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2005) 35 Issues activity. Wales is an emerging jurisdiction anniversary in 2004. It is still displaying the and is also developing its own economic energy and enthusiasm of youth in its drive to Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Professor Iwan Davies and policy. The School has enjoyed considerable promote an international research reputation. Professor Lynn Mainwaring Professor Andrew Halpin success in assisting the development within In recent years its progress has accelerated The Supply of Private-Practice Legal Skills in Definition in the Criminal Law (Oxford: Hart Wales (London: The Law Society, 2005) Wales of a knowledge-based economy rapidly through attracting and retaining senior Publishing, 2004) through its award winning business support and junior members, and developing and Dr Victoria Jenkins initiative, IP Wales: www.ipwales.com. At fostering their talents in an environment that Professor Tim Jones “Environmental Law in Wales" (2005) 17 the same time, the School has been remains vibrant and responsive to research “Towards a Good and Complete Criminal Journal of Environmental Law 207 concerned to play a full part in the Technium initiatives in both traditional and pioneering Code for Scotland” (2005) 68 Modern Law Professor Tim Jones and Jane Williams regional strategy: www.technium.co.uk. The areas of inquiry. Illustrations of recent work Review 448 “The Legislative Future of Wales" (2005) 68 skills developed here, especially when from the different research groupings within Dr Stuart MacDonald Modern Law Review 642 considered with the fact that Wales is the School are provided in the following list. emerging as a distinct jurisdiction, are “A Suicidal Woman, Roaming Pigs and a “Wales as a Jurisdiction” [2004] Public Law 78 170 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 171

Commercial Law and Law of Two established law journals are edited within Obligations the School of Law.

Professor Iwan Davies Wales Journal of Law and Policy “The Reform of English Personal Property The Journal is a peer-reviewed publication, Security Law: Functionalism and Article Nine designed for legal practitioners, policy of the Uniform Commercial Code” (2004) advisers, academics, public bodies and any 24 Legal Studies 295 person who is interested in the development of Professor Elizabeth MacDonald Welsh law and public policy. The Journal is “Unifying Unfair Terms Legislation” (2004) produced in a partnership between the 67 Modern Law Review 69 National Centre for Public Policy (in the “Bugs and Breaches” (2005) 13 International University’s School of the Environment and Journal of Law and Information Technology Society) and the School of Law. The Journal 118 provides a forum for dissemination of Dr Theodora Nikaki information, reflection and comment upon new “The UNCITRAL Draft Instrument on the Welsh law and policy, seeking always to set Carriage of Goods [wholly or partly] [by developments in a UK wide and international sea]: Multimodal at Last or Still All at Sea?” comparative context. The Journal holds an [2005] Journal of Business Law 647 occasional seminar series enabling current issues in law and public policy to be Dr Baris Soyer considered in an interdisciplinary forum, and Warranties in Marine Insurance (2nd ed) (London: Cavendish Publishing, 2005) papers from these seminars are available. Journal of International Maritime Law Dr Baris Soyer and Professor Richard Williams The Journal of International Maritime Law (JIML) “Potential Legal Ramifications of the is a refereed journal which provides an outlet event brought marine insurance experts INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL International Ship and Port Facility Security for academic research and also expert together from academia, legal practice and the SHIPPING AND TRADE LAW (ISPS) Code on Maritime Law” [2005] Lloyd’s practical analysis of contemporary Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 484 judiciary. In addition to Professor Rhidian The institute promotes research and teaching developments in both private and public Thomas (Director of the Institute of International of the highest standard in international maritime law. The interests of JIML range over Paul Todd Shipping and Trade Law) and Dr Baris Soyer shipping and trade law; and fosters co- “Bills of Lading as Documents of Title” all aspects of shipping, including admiralty, (Institute of International Shipping and Trade operation with other academic institutions [2005] Journal of Business Law 762 charterparties, carriage of goods by sea, Law), the following delegates delivered papers: and professional, commercial, shipping, E-Commerce Law (London: Cavendish finance, international trade, marine and Professor Malcolm Clarke (University of insurance and business information Publishing, 2005) commercial insurance, combined transport, Cambridge); Professor Howard Bennett organisations. Beyond supporting the expansive taught LLM programmes in private international law, marine environmental (University of Nottingham); Professor Marc Family and Child Law International Shipping and Trade Law law, public law of the sea, arbitration and Huybrechts (University of Leuven), Peter offered by the School of Law, and Alison Perry ADR. JIML follows and analyses developments MacDonald Eggers (Barrister, 7 King's Bench supervising research students, the Institute “Safety first? Contact and family violence in in IMO, CMI, EU, UNCITRAL and UNCTAD. Walk, London); David Foxton (Barrister, Essex organises seminars and conferences, offers New Zealand: an evaluation of the It also tracks contemporary development through Court Chambers, London); Peter Rogan consultancy services and training presumption against unsupervised contact” 'Digest' and 'Analysis and Comment' sections. (Solicitor, Senior Partner of Ince and programmes for lawyers and commercial, (2006) 18 Child and Family Law Quarterly 1 JIML is published by Lawtext Publishing. Co.,London), Chris Zavos (Solicitor, Partner of insurance and financial institutions, and the Jane Williams In the Summer of 2005, the School organised Richards Butler, London) and Hakoon Strand shipping industry. It liaises with national and “Effective Government Structures for the International Colloquium on Marine Lund (Advocate, Senior Partner of Wikborg international policy making organisations Children? The UK’s four children’s Insurance Law, led by the School’s Institute of Rein and Co, Oslo). Lord Justice Longmore commissioners” (2005) 17 Child and Family and collaborates with commercial International Shipping and Trade Law and (Court of Appeal, England and Wales) chaired Law Quarterly 37 information organisations in providing two of the sessions. The papers are published focussing on contemporary developments in the courses and distance learning programmes. law and practice of marine insurance. The as a book by Lloyd's of London Press (2006). 172 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 173

CENTRE FOR COMMERCIAL will involve the appointment of a research team family support, child health and medicine and The limits on the legislative powers of the LAW STUDIES in Environmental/Energy Law at the School of professional issues. The School of Law has been National Assembly for Wales mean that the Law. The establishment of the Energy Technium a major participant in establishing this Centre. detailed legal rules which apply to Wales are Established in 1999, the Centre has arises out of the emergence of Pembrokeshire Related research in which the School of Law is diverging incrementally from those which developed a national and international sphere as a major supplier of natural gas for the UK involved include a pilot study of new systems for apply to England. There is also nowadays of operation. The Centre’s broad area of within the next 5 years, as well as its historic dealing with cases involving domestic violence much more primary legislation emanating activity is Commercial Law, with particular and continuing importance in oil refining. in a local magistrates’ court, a study of from Westminster which applies only to emphasis on intellectual property, asset finance, Pembrokeshire will receive £2.5 billion in children's citizenship and an examination of Wales. Again, Swansea researchers have contract theory, and personal property law. The inward investment, directed at the energy young persons previously in care in Wales. been active commentators. See Jones and Centre’s activities are supported by the Jane sector/industries over the next 5 years. The Links between the School of Law and non- Williams, “The Law of Wales or the Law of Hodge Foundation through the endowment of rationale of the environmental/energy law governmental organisations in Wales and with England and Wales?” (2005) 26 Statute Law a Chair, Sir Julian Hodge Chair in Asset team is to interface with the inward investment the Welsh Assembly Government will further Review 135 (with J.H. Turnbull), “Public Finance Law. The activities of the Centre which will create opportunities for linkages with strengthen the School of Law’s contribution to Services Ombudsman (Wales) Act” [2005] include: applied, comparative and inter- energy companies establishing in the Centre. Current Law Statutes, c.10, 1-61, and “Public disciplinary research; responding to policy Pembrokeshire. The team will also provide Audit (Wales) Act” [2004] Current Law initiatives emanating from the UK Government, strategic policy advice in energy/environmental Statutes, c. 23, 1-72. the European Commission and other PROFILES law to the Energy Group within the Welsh international bodies; convening conferences LEGAL WALES The evolution of a distinct corpus of Welsh Assembly Government. This will straddle the and meetings of academics and practitioners; legal rules is likely to accelerate. The devolution distinction between basic and applied research, Following the scheme of devolution established initiating specialist teaching which will attract of primary legislative powers, in the which has become vital with the explosion of in the Government of Wales Act 1998, recognition by appropriate professional bodies; Government of Wales Act will have a major new scientific and technological insights. Wales has been emerging as a jurisdiction and contributing to the IP Wales initiative. impact. This process of legal differentiation distinct from that of England and Wales. This CENTRE FOR CHILD RESEARCH takes place within the legal system of England JUSTWORD: CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF process will develop further as a result of the and Wales. This is something worthy of TEXT, ETHICS AND FORMS OF JURISTIC recent Government of Wales Act. Public examination in itself and is something missed DISCOURSE lawyers from Swansea have been prominent by many lawyers with their focus on the commentators on these developments. See, in Justword fosters scholarship which examines the overarching legal system of England and particular, the work by Professor Tim Jones cultural production of law. Via research, Wales. Swansea researchers will continue to and Jane Williams: “The Legislative Future of conference, seminar and debate, this develop their expertise in this field. Wales” (2005) 68 Modern Law Review 642 interdisciplinary Centre explores links between and “Wales as a Jurisdiction” [2004] Public The emergence of Wales as a jurisdiction is written and spoken values, and compares Law 78. also evidenced by the development of laws judgments from everyday encounters with literary, historical, legal, political, psychological, scientific and media settings. Its aim is to bring together the best in expertise from such fields and so enhance understanding across individual concerns, local and global issues. Justword will be hosting an International This Centre is in the course of being Law and Literature Colloquium to be held in established, following the allocation of HEFCW Swansea in July 2007. funding which will enable the appointment of two new chairs and other academic staff. The The School of Law has been active during chairs will be in child welfare and in children’s the past year in establishing two further rights. The aims of the Centre are to provide a research initiatives. centre of excellence in Wales for research into ENVIRONMENTAL/ENERGY LAW childhood, to produce high quality research RESEARCH UNIT published in international journals, to This new research unit in the School is linked to disseminate findings, particularly throughout the Energy Technium being established in Wales, but also nationally and internationally Pembrokeshire, to be situated in state-of-the-art and to influence educational and clinical facilities which will be completed in 2007. The practice in Wales and beyond. The focus and development of the Pembrokeshire Technium speciality of research is on child development, child welfare and protection, education and 174 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 175

service supply in Wales and a selected English THE INTERSECTION OF LAW AND region (); determines the LANGUAGE distribution of legal skills on a Wales regional Andrew Halpin joined the School of Law in basis; compares the availability of each skill 2005 as Professor of Legal Theory, having with a set of presumed demand determinants, previously held the same position at derived from official statistics; presents the Southampton University. He has continued his results of a survey of solicitor firms in Wales; interest in the relationship between law and and draws appropriate inferences in the light language, explored in his earlier books of the Clementi Review of legal services in Reasoning with Law (2001) and Definition in England and Wales and, more recently, the the Criminal Law (2004), with an article in White Paper dealing with the future of legal (2005) Virginia Law Review considering the services. The findings of the Report have been nature of the relationship between legal influential in informing the policy debate over theory and the philosophy of language, implementing legal aid reform within Wales “Or, Even, What the Law Can Teach the and other regions. It is clear that, in volume Philosophy of Language: A Response to terms, Wales has only 60% of the solicitors Green’s Dworkin’s Fallacy”. available in England. More significantly, the average firm size in Wales is lower than any This essay is a response to the important central region in England and this compromises the theme of Michael Green’s recent article in development of economies of scope and scale (2003) Virginia Law Review, which considers amongst firms in Wales. Whilst Welsh legal the relationship between the philosophy of firms are generally experienced in personal, language and the philosophy of law. Green argues forcefully that a number of theorists with family and social areas of law, they are quite different viewpoints commonly maintain a relatively inexperienced with regard to connection between the two which turns out to operating in a distinctive bilingual environment. examples are, in the case of deddfwriaeth specialised areas of law, notably business law. be unfounded. It is accepted that it is wrong to Professor Iwan Davies delivered a keynote gynradd, the emphasis is upon “primary” in an As a result, Welsh firms are particularly assume such a connection, but it is suggested lecture at an international conference on the use educational sense (for example, a “junior” vulnerable to the commodification of legal that Green has failed to recognise the of terminology which will appear in school); in the case of deddfwriaeth brimaidd, services. At the same time, the distribution of connection that can be established between Terminology, Computing and Translation edited the focus is upon an artificially created word services within Wales is extremely uneven, with the two disciplines due to the particular way in by ten Hacken (Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag). “brimaidd” which reflects the idea of “primary”, the remoter, rural areas and areas of recent which law as a practice uses words. The paper considers the use of Welsh within the whereas in the case of deddfwriaeth sylfaenol, industrial decline showing the acutest legal process in Wales. It examines the the idea of sylfaenol is best translated in terms deficiencies. It is probable that shortage of The reasons given by Green for seeking to historical background leading to the enactment of “basic” law. The task of determining the demand discourages supply of, significantly, maintain a distinction between ordinary of the Welsh Language Act 1993 and appropriate term here for such an important business law services which, in turn, constrains language practice and the language practice considers the impact of the establishment of the legal concept, which goes to the heart of the the potential growth of demand, trapping of the law are considered and rejected before National Assembly for Wales on the use of the powers of the Welsh Assembly Government, is Wales in a low-level equilibrium. This leaves reaching the general conclusion that, Welsh language within public life in Wales. still to be finally settled. policymakers with an acute problem. The irrespective of which position is adopted in the The practical problems facing the use of Welsh The continued vibrancy of the process of research report suggests that more information philosophy of law, at the point of judgment the are discussed and, in particular, the challenge devolution rests upon the ability of the legal technology, together with proposals to reform philosophy of law and the philosophy of of establishing legal terminology and profession in Wales to service the legal sphere the delivery of legal services in England and language are inextricably linked in being expressions, both English-Welsh and Welsh- of the devolutionary settlement. While it is the Wales, offers a possible solution. It is probable concerned to account for the same practice. English, in relation to National Assembly case that such a legal service can at least, in that the uneven development of legal service The essay proceeds to consider the basic legislation, as well as, more generally, in the part, be provided outside of Wales, to overly provision is a widespread phenomenon and issues for the philosophy of language law and procedure which applies to the civil rely upon this source would undermine the that the analysis and the implications drawn addressed in Green’s article, which are and criminal law context. There is clearly a methodology and logic of devolution. Professor from it are of general interest to other regions in concerned with the search for the mechanism need to standardise terminology. For example, Iwan Davies and Professor Lynn Mainwaring different parts of the UK. which links a particular meaning to a word. in respect of the issue of primary legislation, completed a research report on behalf of The One reading of Wittgenstein’s rule scepticism, there are three Welsh language equivalents, For further information, please contact supported by Dennis Patterson, is to reject the namely, “deddfwriaeth gynradd”, “deddfwriaeth Law Society (see Research Report: The Supply of Private Practice Legal Skills in Wales, 2005) Professor Iwan Davies existence of any mechanism interrupting the brimaidd” and “deddfwriaeth sylfaenol”. The direct connection between the capacity we which compares the characteristics of legal [email protected] nuances of the language used in each of these possess in our language practice and the 176 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 177

At that point capacity we possess in the practice to which self-sufficient character to legal tradition. Then THE PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING THE Snell’s chapter, “Economic Aims as Justification our language refers. Patterson provides another the issues of incommensurability and EUROPEAN INTERNAL MARKET for Restrictions on Free Movement” in Rule of of judgment both target for Green’s allegation that theorists who multivalence are explored. Glenn’s positions Reason: Rethinking another Classic of EC Legal Jukka Snell has been Professor of European take a position in the philosophy of law from against incommensurability, and for Doctrine (Europa Law Publishing, 2005), was the law and the Law since 2005, having joined the School of their position in the philosophy of language are multivalence, are crucial in supporting his vision first presented to a conference at the University Law as a lecturer in 2000. His recent research word contract committing a fallacy. However, it is pointed out of a “sustainable diversity in law” based on a of Amsterdam. It analyses a doctrine has built on the foundations laid down in his that within the Patterson-Wittgenstein position, full recognition of the role of tradition. established by the European Court of Justice, are clarified. book Goods and Services in EC Law: A Study there is no possibility of moving from one according to which national rules restricting the The role of an interpretive community is of the Relationship between Freedoms (Oxford position to the other since both positions are four freedoms may be accepted provided they questioned, with discussion of the work of University Press, 2002) and his article in 2003 A point of already necessarily connected. pursue a legitimate aim in the public interest, Wittgenstein, Thomas Kuhn, and Stanley Fish; Yearbook of European Law, “Who's Got the unless the objective is of an economic nature. inseparable The remaining discussion then explores the and comparisons are made with Michael Power? Free Movement and Allocation of The purpose of the study is to examine what is connection between apparently common connection between law Freeden’s exploration of political ideology. Competences in EC Law”, and explores the meant by aims of an economic nature, whether and language established within the practice of Although the problems of incommensurability basic legal principles underpinning the single the language the Court has in actual practice indeed judgment, and within the general view of the and multivalence are complex, it is argued that European market. practice and the nature of language favoured in Patterson’s there are certain key practical points that Glenn refrained from accepting them as justification reading of Wittgenstein. It is argued that has elided in his oversimplified portrayal of Snell’s chapter, “And Then There Were Two: for restrictive measures, and whether the Court practice of law Wittgenstein’s philosophical method may these topics. He is shown to have confused the Products and Citizens in Community Law” in should continue to condemn these objectives. maintain a connection between law and possibility of anything being compared with European Union Law for the Twenty-First Two arguments are made, one positive, the Without the language, and the positions adopted within anything else with an erroneous claim that Century (Hart Publishing, 2004), was first second normative. First, in practice, the Court their respective philosophies, but is incapable anything can be made commensurable with presented in the WG Hart Legal Workshop in has not condemned all economic aims; its controversy, there of resolving the controversy between competing anything else; and to have confused a multi- London. It seeks to examine critically the approach has been subtler than that. The Court would be no need views of how law/“law” should be faceted approach which draws from a number common argument that the four freedoms of has been ready to ensure that sensible national understood. By contrast, the practice of of distinct traditions with a multivalent approach for judgment. the EC Treaty, free movement of goods, measures may stand even if they do hinder free judgment is used precisely to resolve which purports to allow conflicting values to persons, services, and capital, are movement and have an objective that seems controversy. Although this judgment is coexist. Glenn’s support for the emphasis given converging. The chapter does not concentrate economic. To do so, it has employed three The practice of concerned primarily with a specific part of the by Martin Krygier to the role of tradition in on the similarities between the freedoms, but strategies: it has manipulated the concept of law, its significance extends to how we regard understanding law, and for Krygier’s insistence instead focuses on the differences. It is argued restriction to find that the measures fall outside the philosophical endeavours that need to on paying proper regard to law’s social language depends that there still are important inconsistencies the scope of the rules altogether, or it has read provide an account of it. This provides lessons context, is seen to be diminished by an on the practice remaining in the free movement case law of the economic aims in conjunction with public for both the philosophy of language and the overambitious and unsuccessful attempt to turn the European Court of Justice. However, the interest objectives, or it has openly or silently of law philosophy of law. tradition into a totalizing force in law. This is inconsistencies may be more apparent than denied that the aims under consideration are also regarded as undermining Glenn’s use of The use of language and the role of an real, for it seems that a common pattern may economic. Secondly, it is argued that the Court tradition to provide a securer foundation for the interpretive community as explanatory devices be emerging, but the pattern is more complex should not blindly disapprove of all measures comparative enterprise. have become popular within a number of than simple convergence: instead, the Court is that have an economic objective. The disciplines. A recent application to the subject For further information, please contact now treating the freedoms involving the free constitutional structure of the Community of legal tradition is found in Patrick Glenn’s movement of Union citizens more favourably requires such a subtle approach. In particular, Professor Andrew Halpin Legal Traditions of the World (2nd ed, 2004). than the movement of products. It is further there are circumstances where economic aims Halpin’s contribution to a collaborative review [email protected] argued that the distinction between products have to be accepted if the divided power project published in (2006) Journal of and citizens could and should be maintained structure of the Community is to be respected, Comparative Law, “Glenn’s Legal Traditions of and developed, as it would provide a and it is rational to allow the Community the World: Some Broader Philosophical coherent and sensible basis for the free legislature to adopt measures that may restrict Issues”, deals with some of the broader issues movement jurisprudence. This is due to the trade for economic reasons. whose treatment undergirds the more ambitious constitutionally loaded status of free movement Traditionally, EC free movement law has been aspects of Glenn’s work. Three principal issues of citizens as a fundamental right with all the viewed solely as a species of trade law and are dealt with. Since Glenn quite pointedly implications of the Union citizenship, while for analysed from this perspective. In the late treats tradition as being located not in the products subsidiarity-related concerns repeated occurrence of behaviour but in the 1990s, partly as a result of the ground- predominate. The end result could and should transmission of information, the first issue to be breaking work of Miguel Poiares Maduro, the be a clear bifurcation of the law, where considered is the extent to which an interpretive legal academic community began to products and citizens are seen as two distinct community can be relied upon to provide a appreciate the fundamental constitutional legal categories. 178 School of Law Swansea University Breakthrough 179

implications of the free movement rules. Snell’s that Empty Justice responds to this problem with Such resort, essentially an exercise in narrative continuing research seeks to explore more fully a daring approach to a theme that one might accountability, raises interesting questions the wider dimension of the free movement have thought had been killed off by the rise of concerning the relationship between the rules, and so provide a fuller picture of the theory: the human as agent. For Williams, the imaginative, cultural and rational life of the basic legal principles underpinning the single moral life is the acute positing of the theme of individual and of the community. Williams is European market. the subject as moral actor – as self-reflexive, interested in those instances where the self-questioning…Reason is thought of in these practical ethics mode of reasoning and For further information, please contact terms: a persistent, uncertain search for what is argumentation tends to be employed - where Professor Jukka Snell both necessary and impossible. With the help the utterly elemental dilemma presents, of life of Korsgaard, Williams develops a thesis and death decisions, or controversial [email protected] about personhood as the conscious quest for qualitative analyses concerning the meanings self-understanding, as mediated by one’s we ascribe to life itself. LITERARY JURISPRUDENCE relations to others. In “An Ethics Ensemble: Abortion, Thomson, Professor Melanie Williams has a strong Secrets and Laws (2005), a collection of Finnis and the Case of the Violin Player” (Ratio interest in the use of language and literary essays (some developed from journal articles) Juris (2004)) Williams considers aspects of the devices in law, as well as the use of literary highlights the diverse cultural foundations of exchange between Judith Jarvis Thomson and sources to explore notions of “legitimate” literary jurisprudence, from light biographical John Finnis in their exploration of the practical narrative, and has co-ordinated, with the Law cameos and journalistic film profiles to ethics analogies raised by the issue of and Humanities Institute (New York and Miami) scholarly enquiries concerning the transposition abortion. Williams clarifies the narrative an international conference on Law and of legal questions in contrasting cultural media. purpose of the analogy raised by Thomson, Literature to be held in Swansea in 2007. For example, in the chapter entitled whilst at the same time providing commentary Since “law and literature” scholarship can suffer “Jurisprudence, Politics, War and the Message upon the rhetorical devices employed by both from the charge that the interdisciplinary – Messages at War: Auden’s September 1, in the claim to rational contest adopted by their relationship may represent an awkward 1939”, Williams explores the tensions respective positions. In “Death Rites: Assisted misalliance, Williams is keen to locate the inherent in the concepts of natural law and Suicide and Existential Rights” (International common identity of both sources as positive law and the metabolisation of such Journal of Law in Context (2005)) Williams “anthropological artefacts” which, like any ideas in political and aesthetic rhetoric, tracing considers the narrative foundations other anthropological phenomena, reveal a consequent vulnerability in fundamental underpinning the adjudication of the notion of insights concerning cultural activity and ideals of autonomy and community. Williams assisted suicide and the potential contribution normative assumptions. This view was also explores the extent to which works of offered by existential philosophy in the emphasised by Williams in a recent plenary fiction engage with social questions of interest development and reformulation of those discussion at the International Conference “The to the law, such as notions of equality and foundations in an increasingly secular society. Power of Stories: Intersections of Law, Culture fairness. In “Only connect: Howards End and Such narrative questions are particularly and Literature” (held in Gloucester, 2005, and theories of justice” (Law and Literature (2006)) pressing, she argues, in the formulation of published in the Texas Weslyan Law Review Williams identifies Forster’s scepticism towards “rights” discourse where the legal subject has (2006)), and is being developed further in her formulaic responses to problems of distributive experienced a radical alteration of stock essay invited for inclusion in the Amherst Series justice and posits the necessary link between narrative positions. Whilst a religious person in Law, Jurisprudence and Social Thought such theories (for example as proposed by may assert that the ethical standing of our (2007) and the entry commissioned on “Law John Rawls in “Justice as Fairness”) and the actions refers to a normative register and Literature” in the Encyclopedia of Law and normative enquiry proposed by MacIntyre – discoverable in religious values, Williams Society (2006). crystallised in Forster’s epigrammatic maintains that non-religious persons must form a Williams’ book Empty Justice (2002) explores exhortation to “only connect”. different understanding of how death itself is a determining factor in this calibration of ethics. links between law, literature and philosophy The interest in links between law and narrative across the last one hundred years, with provides an additional strand to the For further information, please contact particular focus upon questions in normative scholarship undertaken by Professor Williams. Professor Melanie Williams and feminist theory. Douzinas and Gearey in Where normative philosophy explores the links Critical Jurisprudence (2005) identify the book’s between normative and causative accounts of [email protected] concern with “the compromised nature of action, there is often resort to analogy or judgement itself; the repeated failure to adopt fable, especially in “practical ethics” discourse any position outside the endless shiftings of the so often employed in law and medical ethics. material and the contingent”. They conclude 181 School of Medicine Head of School - Professor Julian Hopkin www.swansea.ac.uk/medicine School of Medicine

The School of Medicine is fast becoming a centre of excellence in world-class research and medical education. Established in 2001, the School takes a strongly interdisciplinary approach to clinical, health, and experimental research in order to develop radical new solutions to old medical problems. Its research enterprise is driven by a growing team of 24 internationally-recognised professors, with £8m of research grant earnings over the past year including grants from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Royal Society and the National Institutes of Health, USA. The School’s research interests encompass bio-molecular science and the advance of diagnostics and therapeutics, epidemiology and the prevention of disease, and health services research. The emphasis on inter-disciplinary research is built on collaboration with academic researchers in the physical, engineering, mathematical and biological sciences on campus, the NHS, and the commercial sector. The School has a £50 million investment from the Welsh Assembly Government, the European Union and IBM to establish by 2007 a state-of-the-art research centre -- the Institute of Life Science (ILS). The project is set to become a premier medical scientific and computing facility. It hosts a new European Deep Computing Visualisation Centre for medical applications, which is home to IBM supercomputer, 'Blue C'. This will provide exciting advance in medical visualization, bio and health informatics. Innovative research is proceeding in the areas of obesity and diabetics, breast cancer, infection and immunity, neuropsychiatric disorders, reproduction and health service advance, and encompasses the application of diverse approaches including cell and molecular biology, nanotechnology, mathematical modelling, statistics and super computing, and clinical research and clinical trials methodologies. In addition, the School is steadily increasing post-graduate research student numbers and has doubled the intake of medical students into its fast-track Graduate Entry Medical degree

Professor Julian Hopkin Head, School of Medicine 182 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 183

day enable doctors to tailor treatment Mass Spectrometry, the Blue C individually to each patient’s needs. Medical supercomputer and the Multidisciplinary visualisation and virtual reality will transform Nanotechnology Centre all provide diagnostic body scanning in the future, and important support for multidisciplinary with it the treatments that rely on delivery of research. Biomedical Research in the therapeutics to diseased organs and tissues. School of Medicine is supported by the National Institutes of Health (USA), EU The ILS is a unique and imaginative problem- Framework Six, research councils, charities, solving environment; one that could only exist industry and government. through the potent three-way partnership between regional Government, a business Basic Biomedical and Physiological leader and a world-class university. Science: Molecular, cellular and integrative mechanisms in mammalian physiology and BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH pathology are the research focus of a number The Institute of Life Science’s biomedical of academics within the School. Specific research group includes a variety of areas of research include biological clocks experimental disciplines undertaking and the neurobiological basis of circadian research into diverse areas of interest but rhythms, ion channel regulation of microvessel INSTITUTE OF LIFE SCIENCE advice, encouraging them to evolve quickly. with many shared technology platforms for permeability, bacterial pathobiology, the The Institute of Life Science (ILS) is a £50 One of the key building blocks of the ILS modern molecular and systems biology. biology of sports injury including the role of million investment in state-of-the-art medical project is the IBM Blue C supercomputer, one Besides working within disciplines an stem cells in cartilage formation and repair, research at Swansea University, focused on of the fastest computers in the world interdisciplinary awareness is part of the and the metabolism of extracellular matrix discovering radical ways to treat disease and dedicated to life science research. Projects general approach, within Swansea, the UK proteins in healthy and arthritic deliver healthcare. concerning HIV, epidemiology and the and through links overseas. The Institute of musculoskeletal tissue. Partly funded through the Welsh Assembly evolution of genes are among those currently Government, and making use of European being run on Blue C. Objective One money, the ILS takes to market The Institute is also home to scientists working the results of innovative research undertaken at the point where bio- and nanotechnology, in the School of Medicine. The entire ILS deep computing and informatics intersect. The project has been made possible due to a multi-disciplinary approach provides a stimulus unique partnership between computer giant for research into information-based medicine, IBM, the Welsh Assembly Government and equipping health-care professionals with the Swansea University. information they need to provide more Life science is recognised as one of the most personalised and preventive forms of treatment. fertile sources of technology transfer in the The ILS houses state-of-the-art research world and the ILS has the potential to create laboratories looking into areas such as significant economic wealth. This can come cancer, obesity and diabetes, infections, from developments in the knowledge economy and neuropsychiatry. The interaction of through research, intellectual property licensing, medicine and deep computing in particular spinout companies and international investment. is key to progress. To support this aim, the ILS provides dedicated incubator support for starter companies with the Medicine will increasingly rely on the easily- aim of translating knowledge into commercial digestible presentation of very complex opportunities. information in deciding what treatment best suits each individual patient – this ‘information- The six-storey building also houses a dedicated based medicine’ is supported by a powerful IT business support centre - the Micro-Technium - infrastructure (clinical informatics). providing a home for early-stage businesses to grow in a ‘hothouse’ environment; this allows This use of bio-informatics to drive forward ideas born at the Institute to have immediate medical treatment is at the vanguard of current access to expert business and academic genetic and molecular research and will one 184 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 185

Diabetes Research Unit: The recently-formed Medical and Clinical Oncology: The Diabetes Research Unit (2005) has a wide research effort on immunity and cancer range of research interests. These include the focuses on immune modulation as potential genetics of diabetes (type 1 and type 2) and therapy in cancer. Further interdisciplinary the genetics of diabetes complications research work is being undertaken looking including protection from these and into complex modelling of cancer anatomy prospective follow up of pre-diabetes. Other and radiotherapy, applying diverse areas of research include the interfaces scanning, physics and deep computing between clinical diabetes research and approaches. established expertise within the University; Medical Microbiology and Infectious including community-delivered diabetes health- Diseases: The group aims to improve care, engineering-related advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes care delivery (laser assessment of the hospital-acquired infection. Specifically it is diabetic foot, analysis of exhaled metabolites working on the role of biofilms in the during acute diabetic decompensation) and pathogenesis of biomaterial-related infection mobile-health applications. In addition, the occurring with implanted medical devices, Diabetes Research Unit is actively involved in which affects millions of patients worldwide, the expansion of Clinical Trial Research within aiming to improve antibiotic therapy and Swansea NHS Trust. develop new diagnostic tools. Additional Experimental Medicine Unit: The research interests are antibiotic resistance mechanisms focus of the Experimental Medicine Unit is the like methicillin resistance, vancomycin genetic and immune aspects of asthma. Areas resistance, and extended spectrum beta- include: the definition of how genetic variants lactamases and the activity of antibiotics on in immune signalling predict asthma and low bacteria in biofilms. parasitic worm burdens; deriving an Medical Physics and Clinical understanding of how these variants change Engineering: This group carries out a range function and advancing molecular of research and development activities approaches (including RNA inhibition) as broadly sub-divided into radiotherapy novel therapies for asthma and allergy. physics, radiation protection, nuclear Genetics: This research area encompasses: medicine physics and clinical engineering. environmental toxicology and mutagenesis, Molecular Psychiatry and genetic processes in evolution, genetic Psychopharmacology: This group aims to epidemiology and taxonomy, molecular basis Bioinformatics and Biomathematics: detoxification of diverse organic chemicals in throw light on the interdependence of genes of transcription in yeast, microbial genetics of A range of academic staff are engaged in the biosphere. P450s are also targets in drug and behaviour using the methods and bacteria, yeast and fungi, site-directed multidisciplinary studies concerning the therapy. The work of the group includes studies techniques of molecular neuroscience. It mutagenesis, recombinant protein expression investigation of complex data sets including of the molecular genetics and biochemistry of aims to better understand the mechanisms and protein engineering for diagnostic from transcriptomic, proteomic and these systems which includes studying P450s as and actions of psychotropic drugs and to applications. Complimentary to this well- metabolomic studies in conjunction with drug targets and also azole antifungal drug develop innovative treatment strategies. The established grouping is the genetics of experimental scientists. Statistical/ resistance. A central current theme is also Molecular Psychiatry and common diseases work in asthma, epilepsy mathematical analysis in population and determining microbial P450 functions in post- Psychopharmacology group works closely and diabetes. evolutionary studies and protein structure genomic studies including their roles in primary with the Social and Epidemiological modelling (on a genomic scale) are also aided and secondary metabolism. Human Cancer Studies Group: This multi- Psychiatry group. by the Blue C supercomputer at the University. disciplinary group aims to determine the Developmental Medicine Molecular Neuroscience: The research mechanisms that underlie the genesis of Centre for P450 Biodiversity: Research is (Paediatrics/Immunology): The main research focus of this group is the genetic and cellular tumours in the thyroid and the breast, and to primarily investigating cytochrome P450 systems interest of the group is childhood immunity biology of inherited neurological and identify prognostic and predictive markers of bacteria, fungi and animals. The P450 (particularly immune function in the newborn), cardiac disorders. There is common ground and novel therapeutics. There are four gene/enzyme system is very diverse, reflecting studied mainly by analysis of umbilical cord between the two medical disciplines in terms subgroups: The Chernobyl Tissue Bank (CTB), the central role it plays in natural product blood and placental tissue. Another prominent of the ion channel gene families that cause the Wales Cancer Bank, Molecular Pathology production for deterance/attraction and also for focus is on probiotics as modulators of immunity. both epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias. and Proteomics. 186 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 187

Reproductive Biology: The group INSTITUTE OF MASS SPECTROMETRY investigates gene expression and function in The Institute comprises the Mass Spectrometry the uterus and its relationship to fertility. The Research Unit, the EPSRC National Mass aim is to identify genes and proteins that are Spectrometry Centre and the Biomolecular essential to the establishment and maintenance Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility (BAMS). of a healthy pregnancy. Swansea University has long been Streptomyces Genetics: Research is aimed established as a centre of excellence for at developing novel genomics-based mass spectrometry. The Royal Society approaches to exploit hitherto overlooked Research Unit was located on campus in the genetic resources for new antibiotics. This 1970s, followed by the Mass Spectrometry work includes the regulation of antibiotic Research Unit in the 1980s and, more biosynthesis, signal transduction and antibiotic recently, the EPSRC National Mass production. Manipulation of cell division to Spectrometry Centre. Currently there are 13 optimise antibiotic production is also being academic and support staff, eight of whom investigated along with developing modified are wholly supported by direct research proteins of clinical and industrial value. The council funding, involved in the IMS core roles of cytochromes P450 in streptomycete activities supporting research programmes metabolism and in other actinomyctes is involving more than a dozen Swansea another research focus. postgraduates and postdoctoral workers. Surgery and the GI tract: The Through the BAMS facility, the research of Gastrointestinal Tract Molecular Pathology Biological Sciences and the School of Group is particularly interested in a pre- Medicine staff is also supported by malignant form of oesophageal cancer known collaborative and contract support research as Barrett’s Oesophagus and in the contribution programmes. of bile acids in promoting cancer development The latest component of Mass Spectrometry in oesophageal tissues. The broader academic is the BAMS Facility. A flourishing surgical groups also focus on bariatric surgery collaboration has existed for some time in obesity and effective surgical approaches to between the Mass Spectrometry Research major trauma. Unit and Biochemists within the School of Biological Sciences, and the new centre allows this collaboration to be extended to include other Biologists and members of the School of Medicine with research interests at the molecular level. The collective expertise and interdisciplinary approach together with the quality of equipment available constitute an exciting potential that can rival any other UK institution in a topical and critical area of research. The function of BAMS Facility is: capacity for high throughput proteomic The Institute is particularly interested in `The application of modern mass studies, high resolution mass determination, nucleoside/nucleotides and their potential as spectrometric and chromatographic methods structural elucidation, analysis of nucleic tumour markers, the correlation of nucleoside to qualitative and quantitative analysis of acid and other non-protein macromolecules, markers with disease state and the biomolecules, and the development and metabolomic and small molecule analysis, identification of novel compounds such as optimization of novel methodology’. and identification/ quantification of post- 5’-deoxycytidine. IMS is also undertaking an The centre thus provides a focal point for translational modifications. Equipment has examination of serum nucleotide enzyme the enhancement of collaborative research been selected to construct a facility with a activities in collaboration with Bronglais between Mass Spectrometry, Biochemistry, breadth of capabilities in respect of both Hospital Aberystwyth and is working on the Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology and the chromatographic and mass elaboration of novel fragmentation processes the School of Medicine, and constitutes a spectrometric components functioning at allowing more accurate interpretation of versatile, state of the art facility with the micro-bore, capillary and nanoflow levels. mass spectra. 188 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 189

incidence in young people, the paper finds STEM CELL THERAPY that, at present, there are no clearly The School of Medicine recently announced demonstrated radiation-related increases in a collaboration with world leader in stem cell cancer risk. However, that this does not mean therapy, Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, USA, that no increase has occurred. to extract stem cells from human placenta. Based on the experience of other populations This is one of the first research studies in the exposed to ionising radiation, a small UK to investigate supplementing stem cells increase in the relative risk of cancer is to be from placental cord blood with stem cells expected, even at low to moderate rates of from the placenta. exposure. Given the high number of people Placental cord blood is known to be one of the exposed to ionising radiation in the best sources for stem cells. But until now one Chernobyl accident, it is still possible that donation has only generated enough quantities there will be a substantial number of to treat one child. The trans-Atlantic radiation-related cancer cases in the future. collaboration aims to optimise the recovery of additional stem cells from the placenta that, The Chernobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) is an combined with the cord blood stem cells, international co-operation to establish banks of would yield sufficient cells to treat one or more material from and information on patients who adults. The placenta, or afterbirth, is an easily were exposed as children or adolescents to obtained, uncontroversial source of stem cells fallout from the Chernobyl accident. So far, that is usually discarded. samples from more than 1,600 cases of thyroid cancer have been collected. The majority of The School, through the Institute of Life Science the cases (80%) are from the contaminated and partnership with Swansea NHS Trust, will areas of Ukraine and Russia. 193 cases are play the lead role in optimising the number of from patients who were born after 1 December stem cells that can be extracted from placentas. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Journal of Radiological Protection at the end 1987. The isotopes of iodine that were This project represents an excellent opportunity The following sections provide some of April 2006 - coinciding with the 20th released have a very short half-life; people born to develop top-quality research in collaboration information on a selection of the BioMed anniversary of the accident. after 1st December 1987 were therefore not with one of the major international commercial Research groups’ current and recent projects. One of the paper's authors, Professor Gerry exposed to radioiodine and these cases form a organisations in this field. The project will Others are newly started projects with Thomas, jointly heads the Human Cancer unique control group of patients for researchers further the School’s ambition of discovering new exciting potential. Studies Group in the School of Medicine, and studying the effects of radiation exposure. ways to treat disease and deliver health care. NEW RESEARCH PUBLISHED ON THE is the Project Manager of the Chernobyl Tissue 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Bank project, which is co-ordinated from the CHERNOBYL DISASTER South West Wales Cancer Institute. An international study shows that 20 years on The increase in thyroid cancer among those from the Chernobyl accident, thyroid cancer affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident is the only cancer to have increased as a is very striking because thyroid cancer is result of radiation exposure to the population normally so rare in this age group. Although living close to the Nuclear Power Plant. The increases in other cancers have also been study concludes that those who were reported, many of these may be attributed to youngest at the time of the accident show the other factors, such as improvements in highest risk of developing thyroid cancer. registration, reporting and diagnosis. The paper was produced by an international However, most radiation-related solid cancers team of authors, all of whom were part of a continue to occur decades after exposure - World Health Organisation (WHO) working only 20 years have passed since the group on the radiological effects of the Chernobyl accident, so it is still very early Chernobyl accident. days in terms of evaluating the full radiological impact. Cancer consequences of the Chernobyl accident - 20 years on was published in the Apart from the large increase in thyroid cancer 190 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 191

Celgene brings to the collaboration unique The team is exploring the possibility of Chernobyl accident. Researchers based in accident, or treatment for Hodgkin’s Disease. proprietary technology that allows for the creating an affordable heart pump for the Swansea will work with researchers in Russia This will help to identify small variations in recovery of large quantities of human pluripotent NHS in Britain that can help prolong the and Ukraine to use the University’s state-of-the- the DNA that may explain why some people (capable of differentiating into multiple tissue lifespan of patients suffering from art equipment to identify differences in the react badly to radiotherapy, and why some types) stem cells from the placenta following cardiovascular disease. genetic code from groups of patients in cancers do not respond as well as expected. successful completion of pregnancy. Ukraine and Russia with thyroid cancer who Peter Houghton received the world’s first long- NEW ANTIBIOTICS As part of the tie-up, Celgene has awarded the term Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) were and were not exposed to radiation ILS an initial grant of around £81,000 to operation in June 2000. He is the longest- from the Chernobyl accident. Experts from across Europe met at the School of Medicine in 2005 to herald the employ two researchers and to set up new surviving LVAD patient. The second study, funded by the EC, will be start of a prestigious new five-year €9.4 facilities in its laboratories. The grant will be carried out in centres across Europe, Professor Marc Clement, Chair of Medical million European Union-funded integrated reviewed at the end of the first year. including Swansea. This study will seek to Devices at the School of Medicine, recently research project, ActinoGEN, aimed at the identify differences in the genetic code of ANTI-CANCER ROLE FOR CURRY accompanied Mr Houghton to visit Dr Bud discovery of new antibiotics and exploiting Frazier, Chief of Cardiopulmonary young patients who have been successfully Cancer researchers at the School of recent technological advances to discover Transplantation and Director of treated for Hodgkin’s Disease. Recent Medicine and Swansea’s Morriston Hospital new antibiotics that can provide treatments Cardiovascular Surgical Research at the research has shown that some of these have demonstrated that a constituent of the of last resort for life-threatening diseases such Texas Heart Institute. patients are at a higher risk of developing spice, turmeric, has anti-cancer properties. as tuberculosis and nosocomial infections breast cancer. During the visit, Mr Houghton’s LVAD device like MRSA. Researchers investigated curcumin, the active was examined and its efficiency measured. In studies similar to those carried out for compound in turmeric, for its ability to The 19 scientists have planned joint post Chernobyl thyroid cancer, researchers specifically block the cancer promoting It also gave Professor Clement the opportunity research on how to exploit nature’s most based at the Institute for Cancer Research in protein, NF-kappaB. to cement the University’s relationship with the prolific antibiotic factories, soil bacteria London, and in a number of other European Texas Heart Institute. called actinomycetes, to help alleviate the The GI tract Molecular Pathology Group led countries will try to identify factors that make current crisis in treatment of multiple drug- by Professor John Baxter and Dr Gareth The new IBM supercomputer, Blue C, which it more likely that a given patient will resistant diseases. Jenkins obtained promising data showing that will be hosted at the ILS, could be used to develop breast cancer following radiation in cultured cancer cells, curcumin actively further development on research into the therapy for Hodgkin’s Disease. The study An integrated multidisciplinary approach is at inhibits the activity of NF-kappaB. The group pump. will also investigate whether the breast the heart of discovering new solutions to this earlier found that increased NF-kappaB activity RESEARCH INTO RADIATION AND cancers from these patients show a increasingly serious problem, which is is linked to several cancers of the GI-tract. CANCER molecular signature related to exposure to impacting both individual patients and New funding has now allowed this work to radiation therapy. healthcare as a whole. And between them, Radiation can both be a cause and cure for be extended to assess the effect of curcumin the scientists and members of the industry cancer. The School of Medicine’s Human The third project, a multinational trial run by supplementation on NF-kappaB activity in represent a number of related disciplines Cancer Studies Group has recently been Dr Ian Kunkler from Edinburgh, has received patients. If this pilot study in patients shows including microbiology, molecular biology, awarded three significant grants to investigate £2 m funding from the MRC. It will address similar results to the study using cultured chemistry and bioinformatics. the other face of radiation – its use in cancer cells, then it will indicate that the two faces of radiation research in cancer The project brings together 14 EU and one curcumin supplementation may have biology. Overall, the research projects will treatment of cancer. The University’s South Korean university research groups and beneficial anti-cancer effects in patients. look at why some people react differently to Professsor Thomas, Professor Robert Leonard, exposure to radiation. who leads the HCSG, and the newly three EU SMEs in the search of new The group has been trying to identify appointed Professor of Clinical Oncology, antibiotics. The School of Medicine is already home to potential ways to suppress NF-kappaB Professor Roger Taylor, will be involved in the Chernobyl Tissue Bank, a project that Non-UK universities at the meeting are the activity and, ultimately, to block GI-tract the SUPREMO clinical trial, which seeks to plays a key role in understanding the causes Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of cancer development. The curcumin discovery answer whether women who have breast of thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the is a potentially important development. cancer that has spread to only a few areas accident. The school is now building a Czech Republic, Technical University of NEW HEART PUMP outside the breast really benefit from portfolio in radiation research. Denmark, Eberhard Karls-Universität radiotherapy following mastectomy. Blood Heart and circulatory disease is the biggest Tübingen, Universita di Palermo, The first of the three new projects, led from samples and samples of tissue from the killer in the UK but that could all change as a Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Universitè Paris- Swansea and funded by the MRC, aims to tumour are being collected as part of the trial result of a collaborative project between the Sud, Institut National de la Recherche identify groups of patients who may carry a and these will be investigated in the same ILS, the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, and Agronomique, France, Universidad de predisposition to thyroid cancer following way as the samples of blood from patients Texas Heart Institute at St Luke’s Episcopal Oviedo, Institute of Biotechnology of León exposure to radioactive fallout from the exposed to radiation following the Chernobyl Hospital in Houston. and Seoul National University. 192 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 193

PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS FOR Professor. Morgan and Dr. Allen, through the NEWBORNS Institute of Life Science, will collaborate with four industrial partners to develop and market The School of Medicine is collaborating with suitable products resulting from the research. local industry to commercially develop probiotic food supplements, which could The commercial partners are Cultech Limited, help newborn babies to develop healthy Danisco Foods, USA, a supplier of probiotic immune systems. micro-organisms; Obsidian Research Limited, Swansea, a small biochemistry-based research The £600,000 research project is supported organisation; and BioCare Ltd, Birmingham, a by a grant awarded by the Welsh Development nutritional supplement marketing company. Agency’s Knowledge Exploitation Fund and a local industrial partnership with Cultech Ltd., Baglan, a well-established manufacturer of CHIRAL: CENTRE FOR HEALTH nutritional supplements for use in healthcare. INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND EVALUATION Allergic disorders such as eczema, hay fever The Institute of Life Science’s CHIRAL brings and asthma are very common in South together related research units to form an Wales. As many as one in two babies integrated research centre with the develop eczema and one in three school breakthrough and critical mass to achieve children have asthma. These allergic disorders international standing. It aims to undertake tend to run in families. research at the individual, organisational and The research team is being led by Dr Steve population levels to: improve the quality of Allen and Professor Gareth Morgan of the patient care; maximise the cost-effectiveness of Developmental Medicine service delivery; develop primary prevention CHIRAL plays a key role in the development of RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Paediatrics/Immunology research group at the strategies directed at important public health health-related research in Wales. It is the base The following sections provide some Institute of Life Science in the School of problems; and evaluate the effectiveness of for the newly funded Mental Health Research information on a selection of CHIRAL’s current Medicine. The team is studying the effects of new initiatives in health and social care. Network Cymru, led by Professor Keith Lloyd; projects. Some are recently completed. probiotic nutritional supplements on infants’ and the Emergency and Unplanned Care The year has seen exciting developments within Others are newly-started projects with immune responses and subsequent Network, led by Professor Helen Snooks, as CHIRAL, with the establishment of the new exciting potential. development of allergic diseases. well as playing an active part in other Health Information Research Unit for Wales components of the new Welsh health research Evaluating innovations in the delivery and Asthma and eczema are associated with (HIRU), which has been funded by the Wales infrastructure. CHIRAL is the home for the mid organisation of Gastroenterology services abnormal immune responses in the newborn Office for Research and Development. HIRU is and west Wales section of the All-Wales initiated directly or indirectly by the child. The immune dysfunction underlying a strategically important development for Alliance for R&D in health and social care (led Modernising Endoscopy Service of the allergy is thought to be caused by inadequate CHIRAL bringing together experts in the by Professor Helen Snooks), a multi-disciplinary NHS Modernisation Agency (ENIGMA) stimulation of the immune system in today’s collection, analysis, and use of electronically- team of researchers from Bangor, Cardiff and hygienic environment. Studies suggest that such held, routinely-collected health data, to explore Many Gastroenterology (GE) units within UK Swansea Universities, whose aim is to raise the stimulation could be provided by probiotic innovative ways to support and conduct hospitals have devised new methods for profile of health and social care research in organisms, or friendly bacteria, and this could research. Coordinated by Executive Director, assessing patients referred from primary care, Wales by attracting research funding; help to prevent allergic diseases. David Ford, this cross-CHIRAL collaboration and for following up those who remain under collaborating with research networks; has already been the focus of considerable surveillance. The NHS Modernisation Agency There is already some scientific evidence that publishing findings; and developing research interest within Wales and the UK. HIRU’s work (NHSMA) set up a national project to support giving probiotics to babies prevents eczema. capacity in Wales. is based on a strong and active partnership the modernisation of (GE) services. This But more evidence is needed as to whether or with IBM, which brings high performance As part of a strategy to take forward an rigorous multi-centre study evaluates whether the not they prevent hay fever and asthma. computing expertise to HIRU through the use of integrated programme of Health Services changes initiated by the national project are Researchers at the Institute of Life Science are the Blue C supercomputer. CHIRAL is also Research, CHIRAL has won a range of acceptable to patients and professionals, testing whether babies taking probiotics every developing new strong collaborative links with research funding, including the MRC’s National improve access to and outcomes of GE day for the first six months go on to get less major international industrial partners, which Prevention Research Initiative, NHS SDO and services and provide good value for money. allergic disorders than those taking a placebo. are expected to result in a number of exciting HTA programmes, the Departments of Health The research is funded by the NHS Service They have recruited 250 babies into the study, new research programmes over the and of Transport, BUPA Foundation, from NHS Delivery and Organisation (NHS SDO) who will be followed-up to the age of five. forthcoming months. organisations and the Welsh Assembly research programme. Government and Europe. 194 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 195

The study is a multi-centre, quasi-experimental, of positive lifestyle interventions among SMI quality of life and disability; the consequences and compared. The same questions were multiple time series design with economic populations, in order to answer the question for health and social care services in terms of also asked of a separate group of evaluation addressing all newly referred “How do people with SMI, their carers and resource utilisation; the effects on the physicians who had been tasked with patients for endoscopy. It will focus in professionals, perceive physical health- economy and the labour market in terms of finding data about their activity, without the particular on GE units that have applied to take improving lifestyle changes compared to other working days and working life years lost; and assistance of the RCP iLab. part in the Modernising Endoscopy Services aspects of wellbeing such as psychiatric to combine disability and mortality data to More than 1300 physicians gave their views (MES) project of the NHSMA. symptom control?” The project uses a mixed estimate the UK burden of injuries. There is on HES/PEDW data prior to involvement in methodology with questionnaires and also a randomised controlled trial of The study aims to: (i) evaluate both the research. They reported a striking lack of questifocus groups (focus group variant) for thermostatic mixer valves, to assess whether quantitatively and qualitatively innovative confidence in the data’s ability to reflect their participants in Wales and England. they can assist in reducing bath hot tap water models of delivery and organisation of GE practice. The great majority did not see the temperature in families with young children in services, addressing endoscopy services in Findings will inform better targeting of more locally coded results of their own inpatient & social housing. particular; (ii) compare the accessibility and generalisable interventions in this high risk day case activity. Eighty percent of physicians acceptability to patients and professionals of group. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults also reported little or no communication the resulting models of service delivery and between themselves and their hospital Moving from observation to intervention Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is organisation; and (iii) compare the effectiveness information and coding departments. The 50 to reduce inequalities in injury a form of type 1 diabetes which is often and cost-effectiveness of the resulting models in consultants who were supported in finding diagnosed and mistakenly treated as type 2 improving outcomes assessed by patients and This is a Department of Health funded and interpreting their data by the iLab diabetes. Aims of this work are to (1) professionals. The study will evaluate programme of linked multi-site studies to identified many discrepancies between the Examine the prevalence of LADA in various innovations at 20 sites in England; 10 measure and reduce inequalities in injury data and what actually happened in practice. centres in Europe and in South Wales and hospitals who are receiving a toolkit, funding, incidence and disability. It includes analyses In some cases, anomalies could be traced characterise people with LADA in terms of training and support from the NHSMA and 10 to provide information on the scale and back to practical causes. In other cases, it demographic and clinical features(2) design hospitals who are receiving a toolkit, training distribution, of the injury problem, was felt the current dataset - originally an information booklet for people who have and support but no extra funding. The study methodological developments to further designed for largely administrative purposes – LADA; and (3) develop a better understanding population is 10,000 patients over 18 newly understanding of the relationship between simply could not reflect clinical working of the needs of people newly diagnosed with referred for endoscopy. Patient recruitment took exposures, protective factors and injuries, and practices and the complexities of multi- LADA. This study will help to increase medical place over two and a half years, with 100 intervention studies to evaluate effectiveness of professional patient care. knowledge and effectiveness of patient care patients in 20 hospitals being recruited every 6 preventive approaches. There are three and will be used to encourage appropriate The research demonstrates there is a missing months beginning in April 2004. The project individual studies using a breadth of policy changes to improve treatment and link in the data quality chain. Without is well underway and expects to report its methodological designs, including, literature advice offered to people with LADA. clinician engagement and validation of findings in late 2007. reviews, cohort studies, ecological analyses, HES/PEDW, its ability to support a wide and mixed methods designs incorporating Engaging clinicians in improving data Lifestyle interventions to improve the variety of NHS activities (including financial qualitative approaches in a randomised quality in the NHS physical health of people with severe planning) is limited. The research has controlled trial framework. mental illness: identifying barriers to uptake The Royal College of Physicians’ Information identified substantial clinical limitations in the The Advocacy in Action Study is a cluster Laboratory (iLab) within CHIRAL investigated current design of hospital episode data. This project is funded by the Medical Research randomised trial of the provision of the clinical reasons for poor quality of Action is required to improve the quality of Council's National Prevention Research information to elected councillors representing routinely collected data from the health data currently collected for hospital episode Initiative. The international team involves deprived areas with high pedestrian injury services--in particular within the Hospital statistics and develop new clinical information collaborators in Canada, England and Wales. rates. The aim is to determine whether the Episode Statistics (HES) in England and, in systems and processes to provide clinically People with severe mental illness (SMI) tend to provision of information on the location and Wales, the Patient Episode Database Wales meaningful measures of activity and die young from common obesity, alcohol, number of injuries and on effective (PEDW)--and identified potential solutions. performance. As a result of the limitations and inactivity and smoking related diseases. Most interventions results in changes in attitudes, This work was commissioned by the existing consultant-level data quality problems, lifestyle interventions in this population have behaviours and the uptake of safety Department of Health in England and the national comparisons of individuals’ focused on motivated volunteers. Building on interventions. The UK Burden of Injuries Welsh Assembly Government. During HES/PEDW data should not be made. earlier work by this research group, the study (UKBOI) Study aims to provide broad sessions at the iLab, consultant physicians Clinical engagement in data collation can be will use a combined quantitative and estimates to help policy makers and provided their views on the quality of increased if consultants are given the support qualitative approach to investigate barriers and practitioners prioritise interventions at a local HES/PEDW data, specifically focussing on they need to use data effectively to meet their opportunities for increasing uptake of healthy and national level. The objectives are to whether it could safely be used to support own personal and professional needs. lifestyle interventions in people with SMI. measure the impact of varying severities of consultant appraisal and the General Greater clinical engagement will raise injuries for the young, adults and older people Medical Council’s revalidation process. awareness of the potential value of The objective of the study is to investigate in relation to: the effects on health related Attitudes towards HES/PEDW were HES/PEDW and increase interest in its barriers and opportunities to promoting uptake collected before and after these sessions 196 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 197

is uncertainty about a treatment or course of action. Sir Iain Chalmers has established the James Lind Alliance (JLA) to help identify and confront uncertainties about the effects of treatments considered important by patients and clinicians. Hence the acronym DUETs standing for database of uncertainties about the effects of treatments. This work links closely to exciting new development in HIRU (Health Information Research Unit). The project aims to develop and maintain the schizophrenia DUET and to develop the epilepsy DUETs by (1) Adapting natural language processing tools (NLPs) to work with routinely collected health data to identify questions about treatment uncertainties; (2) extend work from schizophrenia and epilepsy projects to other disease areas; (3) develop spin-off applications for NLP to conduct narrative analysis of routinely collected health clinical uses. This in turn will attune clinicians gastrointestinal disorders. The views of users of records such as letters and case notes; and (4) outside NHSDW concerning the impact of the to the vital importance of data quality. the service were sought, through discussions use data-collection and qualitative methods to introduction of NHSDW; (4) To evaluate the with the voluntary sector and through a formulate high quality biomedical, Gastroenterology Services in the UK: The provision of the service in Welsh. The final workshop held at the Royal College of epidemiological and health informatics spin- burden of disease, and the organisation report will be available shortly. Physicians in December 2004. The views of off research. and delivery of services professionals were obtained by wide NHS Direct Wales A MINI perspective- can the Mental Illness This research was commissioned by the British dissemination of the document in a draft form, Needs Index estimate service need for NHS Direct Wales (NHSDW) was introduced Society of Gastroenterology to draw together seeking feedback on the content and Common Mental Disorders in Primary Care the evidence needed to fill the void created by across Wales between June and October additional material. The full report has been This project funded by the Welsh Office of the absence of a national framework for 2000. The nurse-led 24-hour service was set used as the basis of two smaller policy R&D will develop a primary care population gastroenteroloy. It sets out the service, up to provide advice, information and documents, and a major press launch has based needs assessment tool for common economic and personal burden of reassurance so that callers could look after recently been held. mental disorders. This project is being gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders in the UK, themselves, or to direct those that needed The review has provided the hard data for a conducted in collaboration with colleagues in describes current service provision and draws further professional help to appropriate care. comprehensive and strategic approach to the Cardiff’s Centre for Health Sciences Research. conclusions regarding the effectiveness of In 2001, Swansea University was delivery of gastroenterological services, which current models, based on available evidence. commissioned by Swansea NHS Trust on Common mental disorders, such as depressive was launched by the British Society of It does not seek to replicate existing guidance, behalf of the Welsh Assembly Government to and anxiety disorders, have serious costs to the Gastroenterology in March 2006. but draws on evidence contained in these undertake a three year evaluation study of individual and society. They account for one in documents. It is intended to be of value to Creating a Database of Uncertainties NHSDW. The study was a collaborative three work days lost due to ill health and one patient groups, clinicians, managers, civil about the Effects of Treatments (DUETs) for project, involving Swansea, Bangor, and in five visits to the GP. Around 30 people in servants and politicians, particularly those Schizophrenia Sheffield Universities. In response to the every 100 are affected at any time. Those responsible for developing or delivering services affected find it harder to function physically and The Welsh Office of R&D has funded the commissioner’s brief, the study was designed to for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. socially which impacts on them, their families, Mental Health Research Network Cymru answer wide ranging evaluation questions, friends, and colleagues. As such, there are A systematic review of the literature working with Wales Epilepsy Research with the following objectives: (1) To describe few more important conditions where early documented the burden of disease and Network and the James Lind Alliance to the actions of callers following their call to action and available services poses such a identified new methods of service delivery in create DUETs databases for schizophrenia NHSDW, the appropriateness of advice challenge. Mental health is a Welsh Assembly gastroenterology. This was supplemented by and epilepsy. given and the cost implications of NHSDW; Government priority area and the development additional literature and routine data to assess (2) To measure the impact of NHSDW on Much has been written about how to find the of primary care services is an important aim of the burden of disease, mortality, NHS activity, demand for other immediate care services; (3) evidence to practise evidence based medicine. ‘Improving Health in Wales’. Common mental economic costs and the workforce in relation to To describe the views of nurses within and Far less is known about what to do when there disorders are treatable in primary care. 198 School of Medicine Swansea University Breakthrough 199

However, services are often least available delivery of Book Prescription Wales; (4) The study was undertaken in 23 hospitals in They plan to study the effect of folic acid where they are most needed. Currently there is gaining an insight into the understandings of England, Scotland, and Wales. 67 doctors augmentation on new and continuing no obvious index of need, using routine readily the various parties involved; and (5) preparing and 30 nurses took part in the study. Of antidepressant treatment over three months. available data, to direct the planning of a protocol for evaluation of the clinical 4,964 potentially eligible patients 4,128 This study is funded by the NHS Health services for these disorders. effectiveness of bibliotherapy delivered through (83%) were randomised. Of these, 1,888 Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme. Book Prescription Wales (as a future research (45%) were recruited to the study. This project will investigate whether the Mental TLC: A patient preference RCT of an project). In addition to the main study, a Illness Needs Index (MINI), a score based on There was no statistically significant difference additional psychological support package systematic review is being carried out of the local area Census data, can be used to between doctors and nurses in the for women recalled for an abnormality evidence base on bibliotherapy. estimate levels of need for primary care acceptability to patients, quality of the process following breast screening. services to treat common mental disorders. It The study is using a mix of quantitative and or the clinical effectiveness of diagnostic Breast Test Wales (BTW), the Welsh division of will examine the relationship between levels of qualitative methods. Methods of data endoscopy. However, nurses are significantly the National Health Service Breast Screening Common mental disorders in Wales, assessed collection include a telephone survey of 400+ more thorough in the examination of Programme (NHSBSP), offers breast screening using data from the Welsh Health Survey, and practice managers; postal questionnaires to oesophagus and stomach, and patients are to women aged 50 and over on a three yearly MINI scores. Community Mental Health Teams, prison significantly more satisfied after endoscopy by basis. In 2003-2004, 95,193 women were medical officers, and LHB facilitators; collection a nurse. There was no significant difference in Decisions for the allocation of resources can invited for breast screening, 82,212 attended, of routine data from library services on costs to the NHS or patients. Quality of life then be made in an open fair way to reduce and 4,332 women were recalled for further borrowing of books under the scheme; focus measures showed improvement in some scores variations in services, address differences in assessment following an abnormality found on groups with front-desk library staff and with in the doctor group, but this does not reach access to care and ensure those suffering with screening mammograms. Of those recalled, senior library managers; face-to-face interviews traditional levels of statistical significance. these chronic diseases are recognised when 83% did not have a positive diagnosis of with staff of NHS Direct Wales; telephone Endoscopy by doctors is associated with better planning healthcare. breast cancer. Studies have shown that the interviews with a sample of prescribers of Book outcome at one year at higher cost, but overall psychological distress associated with a ‘false Evaluation of Book Prescription Wales Prescription Wales. The final report in due in is likely to be cost-effective. The study positive’ result can be considerable. So with June 2006. suggests nurses can undertake diagnostic Book Prescription Wales was introduced in funding from Breast Test Wales, Jayne Daniels endoscopy safely and effectively. However, primary care across Wales in June 2005 as a What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness and Professor Keith Lloyd are conducting a doctors are more likely to be cost-effective. If method for delivering bibliotherapy – the use of of endoscopy undertaken by nurses? A patient preference randomized controlled trial decision makers nevertheless choose to books as a form of treatment, in this case for Multi-Institution Nurse Endoscopy Trial of a self-directed psychological support continue the current trend towards diagnostic people with mild to moderate mental health (MINuET) package to women post assessment compared endoscopy undertaken by nurses rather than problems. GPs or other professionals give to usual practice. The study is taking place in Nurses are increasingly undertaking both upper doctors, this has implications for human patients a written prescription for one or more Swansea, Cardiff, and Llandudno. and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. While resources, training and governance. It is books, which they then take to their local uncontrolled studies suggest that nurse estimated that two nurse endoscopists will be public library. The Welsh Assembly For further information, please contact endoscopists are competent, and appreciated needed per endoscopy unit. Government commissioned this evaluation to Sabiha Hussain by patients, no pragmatic randomised trial of provide evidence of whether the current FOLATED: A RCT of Folate Augmentation this change in role has until now been [email protected]. programme is effectively delivering of antidepressant treatment for depression reported. If the role of nurses in endoscopy is bibliotherapy, with a view to ensuring in primary and community care: to be developed, the implications for the effectiveness and value for money of the workforce also need to be analysed. Depression is common, debilitating, and present remit with the possible expansion to treatable; one in four people experience it other areas. The evaluation team is based in The objectives of this study were to compare during their lives. By 2020, unipolar major the AWARD unit in CHIRAL, with contribution the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of depression is predicted to be the second from CHIRAL colleagues and from AWARD doctors and nurses undertaking upper and leading cause of disability worldwide. Mental colleagues in north Wales. lower gastrointestinal endoscopy by measuring: health is, like cardiovascular disease, the (1) acceptability to patients; (2) quality of the The aim of the study is to evaluate the subject of a National Service Framework and process; (3) outcome for, and value to, processes of delivering bibliotherapy through thus reflects the priority given to the recognition patients; (4) resources consumed by the NHS Book Prescription Wales by: (1) describing the and management of depression. Professors and by patients; and (5) the relative cost- establishment and delivery of Book Prescription Keith Lloyd and Johannes Thome are working, effectiveness of nurses and doctors. Wales; (2) describing the experience of in collaboration with Bangor University, to delivering and using Book Prescription Wales, The study was a pragmatic randomised conduct a multi-centred double blind, placebo- from the points of view of health practitioners, controlled trial. An economic evaluation was controlled, randomised trial of folic acid health service commissioners, and library conducted alongside the trial, assessing the augmentation of pragmatic antidepressant services; (3) identifying ways to improve current relative cost-effectiveness of nurses and doctors. treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. 201 School of Physical Sciences Head of School - Professor Mike Charlton www.swansea.ac.uk/physical_sciences School of Physical Sciences

The School of Physical Sciences is comprised of the disciplines of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics. All three departments were 5-rated in RAE2001: the aim of the School is to improve on this in forthcoming research assessments. The School is demonstrably research-led and is one of the University’s greatest research assets. We have world-leading activities in antimatter research and particle theory (Physics), in volume graphics and visualization, new paradigms for the human-computer interface and logic and algebraic methods for the design of software and hardware (Computer Science) and in stochastic processes and analysis, the theory of turbulence and non-commutative groups and geometries (Mathematics). There are also growing links with colleagues in the School of Engineering, particularly in nanotechnology (Physics) and complex fluids (Computer Science) and the theory and applications of partial differential equations (Mathematics). Exciting links are being forged with Swansea’s new Medical School and with colleagues active in the environmental sciences. The vibrant research ethos of the School is based upon the individual excellence of its staff, and the research environments they create. The School attracts distinguished speakers for its seminar, colloquium and public lecture programmes and is host to prestigious national and international conferences and meetings across the range of its activities. School academic staff are frequently invited to give presentations at leading universities and conferences worldwide. The School is ambitious and seeks to grow its excellent research reputation. Where appropriate we will strengthen existing areas of excellence to create critical mass and are seeking new interdisciplinary initiatives and activities.

Professor Mike Charlton Head, School of Physical Sciences 202 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 203

ATHENA has found some surprising results. recently received its first antiprotons from the The instantaneous rates of antihydrogen AD. ALPHA’s long term aim is to compare the formation the group has been able to spectra of antihydrogen and hydrogen as a produce have been as high as 400 antiatoms test of symmetry in nature. The immediate per second. This is much higher than goal is to build a trap capable of producing, expected from the capture process whereby a and then trapping, antihydrogen. This can be positron binds to an antiproton with the done by superimposing a neutral atom trap, excess energy released in flash of light; the in the form of a magnetic gradient trap, onto so-called radiative mechanism. This is curious, the traps used to hold and mix the positrons because when ATHENA raised the and antiprotons. Conventionally, such a temperature of the positron cloud before magnetic trap is configured using a introducing the antiprotons, the way in which quadrupolar coil arrangement, the so-called the antihydrogen formation rate changed was Ioffe-Pritchard trap. However, work performed suggestive of that expected from the radiative in a test experiment involving electron process. Other formation mechanisms are plasmas in the magnetic field produced by likely at work, but more studies need to be quadrupolar coils have shown that the done to unravel the details. stability of the charged particle clouds will be destroyed on timescales too rapid to be By inspecting the angular distribution of the useful for antihydrogen research. This work emitted antihydrogen the group has been was done in collaboration with colleagues at able to learn something about the kinetic the University of California, Berkeley, USA. energy of the antihydrogen once it has been PHYSICS thousand cold antiprotons are waiting, ready formed. This was done by comparing the ALPHA’s solution is to use an octupolar coil, ANTIMATTER RESEARCH to be mixed with the positrons. The shape of the distribution with that expected if which will produce much shallower field antiprotons are provided by the Antiproton the antiprotons and positrons were in thermal gradients across the positron and antiproton M Charlton, L V Swansea physicists ( Decelerator (AD), a machine located at the equilibrium at 15 K (the temperature of the clouds. This instrument is currently under Jørgensen, N Madsen, H H Telle and European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) trap) and antihydrogen formation were construction. D P van der Werf) have contributed greatly equally likely anywhere within the positron on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. Closer to home, the group has built an in- to the international effort of the ATHENA cloud. The group found that the measured Once the antiprotons are released into the house positron accumulator capable of collaboration which succeeded in 2002 in distribution is broader than expected along positron cloud they begin to slow down by producing pulses of about 100,000 producing the world’s first cold antihydrogen the axis of the trap, and we have attributed colliding with the more numerous positrons. positrons ten times per second. The team is atoms. Antihydrogen is the simplest atom this to the fact that the antihydrogen has After only about 20 milliseconds many hoping to use the sharp bursts of positrons comprised entirely of antiparticles, with an kinetic energy in excess of that expected at antiprotons reach an energy at which it that can be produced with this device to antiproton as a nucleus and a positron in 15 K, and thus travels further before becomes favourable for a positron to attach produce bursts of positronium atoms, which place of the electron familiar to us in annihilation. This has meant a revision of to them to form antihydrogen. Once this can be studied using a versatile laser ordinary hydrogen. This work was selected in plans for future experiments, which aim to occurs the antihydrogen, which is electrically system. Positronium is the quasi-stable atomic 2005 to feature in a special edition of trap antihydrogen for spectroscopic studies of neutral and so not confined by the magnetic system comprising an electron and a Newsline celebrating EPSRC’s first ten years. its properties. and electric fields used to trap the positron. One of the aims is to study highly In the meantime the group has been busy antiparticles, will migrate to a trap wall Towards the end of 2005 the team was excited, so-called Rydberg, positronium learning more about how antihydrogen is where it will annihilate on contact. delighted to hear that the next phase of its atoms. This is virtually uncharted territory. produced when antiprotons are mixed with a antihydrogen work had received support for The group also has a superconducting The unique antihydrogen annihilation event dense, cold cloud of positrons. The positrons the next four years from EPSRC. The project, magnet system that is capable of producing consists of separate positron and antiproton are produced by a special device called an entitled “Trapped antihydrogen – towards magnetic fields as high as 5 T. Here the aim annihilations that are registered using a accumulator, which was built for ATHENA by spectroscopy” is a joint award with the is to use the positron beam to study purpose-built detector surrounding the mixing the Swansea group. This instrument is . Physicists from magnetised positronium. This unusual system region. The detector is capable of locating capable of producing a cloud of about 100 Liverpool will build the antihydrogen can only be created in strong magnetic the position and time of the annihilation and million positrons every two minutes or so and annihilation detector for the new fields in which the individual positron and has proved useful in diagnosing transferring it to an adjacent particle trap antihydrogen collaboration – ALPHA – which electron cyclotron orbits are much smaller antihydrogen production. held in a strong magnetic field at a has recently been approved by CERN, and than the separation of the pair. temperature around 15 K. Here about ten 204 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 205

QUANTUM FIELD THEORY, STRINGS String theory leads to a new description of AND SPACETIME GROUP this singular region which is smooth without the pathologies of the conventional theory. In The research of the Quantum Field Theory, addition, string theory can explain the Strings and Spacetime Group is centred on mysterious ‘information loss paradox’ of black fundamental questions in theoretical physics. holes, where the information of matter falling The most important of these questions is: into a black hole is seemingly lost. In string what is the nature of the theory that can unify theory it is not lost but is radiated away. all the known forces in the universe? This Equally important is the issue of how string question has vexed the subject for many theory can lead to a description of all the years since Einstein’s theory of gravity does other forces in the universe like not seem to fit with quantum theory. In the electromagnetism and the strong force. The last 20 years a new and very radical theory group has a strong record in relating string has arisen known as string theory, in which theory to these other forces. String theory the fundamental entities are extended stringy provides a new description of the forces objects rather than particles. String theory between quarks in protons and much of the seems to lead to a consistent unification of all research effort is directed to using this new the known forces including gravity. As an tool to learn about the strong interaction in unexpected bonus, string theory also regimes where current methods are provides a new set of tools to understand NANOSCALE AND CONDENSED whilst DNA has been seen to form rigid rods inadequate. The Swansea group is at the another outstanding problem in particle MATTER PHYSICS and bundle structures. Latest studies are forefront in using these new techniques and attempting to bridge nano-electrodes with physics; namely, the way that quarks attract The fundamental understanding of the relating the results to other approaches. such DNA structures to determine the effect on each other to form protons and neutrons and electronic, structural, chemical and optical their electrical properties. the host of other particles in nature. The LATTICE QCD GROUP properties of materials on the nanoscale is theory of this strong interaction, known as The Lattice QCD group studies Quantum essential for advances in nanotechnology. EPSRC support has been forthcoming in using Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), turns out ChromoDynamics (QCD), the theory of quarks Developments in experimental physics similar techniques to develop the to be a string theory itself in disguise. underpin these advances via characterisation understanding of colloidal quantum dots. and gluons, which are the fundamental and quantification of quantum phenomena These entities have a tuneable fluorescence In the past year the group has been building blocks of sub-nuclear matter. In recent which can dominate at these length scales. depending on their size and current activities strengthened by the arrival of Dr Carlos years attention has mainly focussed on how Work at Swansea under the direction of Dr include immobilising the quantum dots in a Nunez, and PPARC Advanced Research the predictions of QCD vary with temperature Peter Dunstan has concentrated particularly polymer film to probe their absorption and Fellows Dr Adi Armoni, Dr Prem Kumar, and density. Theorists envisage that as on the optical properties of materials on the emission properties. Significant developments and Dr Asad Naqvi. temperature rises, the particles described by QCD change from being tightly bound nanoscale. Using advances in scanning are being made to instrumentation to enable The research of the Swansea group is systems of quarks, anti-quarks and gluons probe microscopy, and in particular scanning such high resolution spectroscopy. These geared towards using string theory as both a called hadrons (the most familiar examples of near-field optical microscopy, semiconductor materials are starting to be used to theory of quantum gravity and also as a which are protons and neutrons, but which materials/devices and soft organic materials characterise biological materials, particularly theory of the strong interaction. On the also include such exotica as pi-mesons, eta- have been the subject of investigation. using a process known as Förster resonance gravity side, we are using string theory to primes, and glueballs), to a hot dense soup energy transfer and evidence of this has confront situations where Einstein’s theory of Using nano-aperture probes (~50 nm) a called the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in recently been seen in near-field imaging of gravity is inadequate. This is the case at the localised optical near-field can be generated which the hadrons lose their identity and in quantum dots within the polymer matrix. Big Bang where the universe was born in a to interact with matter and stimulate in the which the dominant degrees of freedom are small and highly energetic ball and where near-field region of a sample. The group The group is an active member of the the quarks and gluons themselves. The quantum gravitational processes were have used this to great effect in collaboration University’s Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology transition can be thought of as a change of paramount. String theory leads to a new with colleagues from the Medical School and Centre (MNC), with its laboratories forming part state (or phase transition) akin to that School of the Environment and Society to of the central facility on campus. The MNC description of space and time at very small occurring when H2O changes from water to distances and promises to revolutionize our study the effect of organic dyes on funds a joint PhD studentship project with steam. The main difference is that the boiling view of the early universe. String theory is chromosomes and DNA. Images have Cardiff University to consider the role of surface transition in kettles takes place at 100° also shedding light on the strange shown the localised nature of the dye binding plasmons in light emission from nanostructured Celsius, whereas the hadron/quark transition phenomena that happen inside black holes. and the variation in light output dependent on surfaces. The regular lattice (or grating) of in QCD requires a critical temperature of At the centre of a black hole, Einstein’s sample preparations. In addition, the apertures generated in a metal film are being about a trillion degrees. treatments also produced significant studied, particularly the role the near-field has in gravity predicts the existence of a region modification of the chromosome structure, the resulting enhanced optical emissions. where space and time are ripped apart. Because the interaction between quarks and 206 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 207

gluons is strong, the most reliable way to Aarts (PPARC Advanced Research Fellow) COMPUTER SCIENCE Theory of data and data-centric computing understand the transition quantitatively is to and then Dr Biagio Lucini (Royal Society Computer Science was established as a field of Data are everywhere and data sets are vast. formulate the equations of QCD on a four- University Research Fellow), enabling the undergraduate study at Swansea in 1967, and Data are collected in the scientific analysis of the dimensional space-time mesh and then group to extend our research in fresh the Department now covers a wide breadth of natural world; the functioning of machines and simulate the quantum fluctuations of the directions. The team is now beginning to research. It offers a range of degree social organizations; the movements of sports theory on a computer. Such calculations are study the so-called transport properties of the programmes, including PhD programmes and people; in the files of the police and secret extremely computer-intensive; the Swansea QGP, in particular its electrical conductivity both taught and research masters degrees in all service, credit agencies and hospitals; in the group uses a special purpose 128-processor and viscosity, from first QCD principles. This its research areas. The Department has very customer records of the supermarket; in the machine called the APEMille. A typical project draws inspiration from RHIC studies strong international and industrial links, with packets and pages distributed across the internet calculation requires 2 – 3 months of running, of nuclear collisions which are not quite connections to other universities and companies and the phone networks; in the videos of our i.e. 1017 separate operations. The group’s head-on, revealing that hot nuclear material across the world. Research interests are diverse streets from CCTV cameras and satellites. Data main achievement, in collaboration with the flows rather like toothpaste being squeezed and include theoretical computer science, visual are a commodity. In data-centric computation the lattice QCD group at Bielefeld in Germany, from a tube, and also from calculations computing, and future interaction technology – primary object of scientific study is data. has been to study the phase transition for the performed for QCD-like models using string in the new FIT Lab. first time in a medium in which there are theory techniques (see previous section). Both At Swansea, research is underway on data slightly more quarks than anti-quarks. This experiment and theory suggest the QGP has The Department runs a large industrial and developing the new paradigm of data- apparently simple extension to existing abnormally low viscosity as a result of strong programme, through ITWales centric computation. Typical questions are: calculations actually introduces huge interactions among the quarks and gluons, (www.itwales.com), a collaborative venture, How do you specify and represent data? How technical difficulties, which the team has and hence is potentially the most perfect fluid part-financed by the European Social Fund, do you compute and communicate with data? been among the first groups worldwide to ever studied. Secondly, the group will study which links the Department with the Welsh How do you elicit knowledge and information tackle. The principal effect is to lower the variants of QCD which differ from the business community and beyond through a from data? The Department is also interested in temperature required for QGP formation, physical theory in having more types, or range of services including a Business Club, an the question: How do you visualize data? Can although tentative evidence has also been ‘colors’ of quark and gluon (our world only online magazine, research and development these diverse types of data, with their distinct found for a so-called critical point, where the has ‘red’, ‘blue’ and ‘green’!). The motivation projects and a very successful student summer applications, be unified conceptually and hadronic vapour and the QGP are almost once again is to make contact with the placement scheme. practically? Surprisingly, data in its digital form impossible to disentangle. The ultimate goal predictions of string and supersymmetric field can be unified by a general mathematical is to extend the calculation to still higher theories, which suggest that the strong theory of data based on algebra and logic. It quark densities and lower temperatures, in an interaction may be more tractable analytically is a theory with profound implications, useful attempt to understand nuclear matter. in this limit. software tools and many applications.

Numerical lattice studies comprise an For further information on research in Computing with continuous and analogue data essential arm of the current programme to Physics, please contact form and study the QGP at facilities such as One problem under consideration is the the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Professor Simon Hands unification of computational theories, methods Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long [email protected] and tools for computing with analogue and Island, and the forthcoming experiments at digital data. Professor John Tucker and J I the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Zucker (McMaster University, Canada) have Geneva. Nuclei of heavy elements such as developed an extensive and general theory of lead or gold are stripped of their attendant LOGIC AND ALGEBRAIC METHODS computable functions on algebras, which electrons, accelerated to almost the speed of FOR DESIGN OF SOFTWARE AND model any kind of data. Continuous data types light, and then made to collide head-on. The HARDWARE such as the real numbers, waveforms and energy densities in the heart of the collision signals, spectra, infinite data streams, state are sufficient to get above the calculated Swansea has one of the largest groups of spaces, function spaces, etc., can be modelled critical temperature for a tiny fraction (about theoretical computer scientists in the UK, with using topological algebras. The aim is to 10-23) of a second, long enough to form the a research programme involving many create a comprehensive computability theory plasma and for its properties to influence the international collaborators. Over the past forty for functions on topological algebras, from distribution of hadronic debris which is years, Swansea theoreticians have made which exact methods for the specification, captured and recorded in the detectors fascinating and pioneering discoveries in the computation and reasoning with real numbers surrounding the collision region. theories of data, processes, programming can be derived. Recent discoveries include the languages, specification languages, In the past year the group has been surprising theorem that there exists a single reasoning and system verification. Current strengthened by the arrival of first Dr Gert “universal” finite set of algebraic formulae, with research areas include: 208 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 209

a number parameter n, that can define overall coordinator of CoFI during the design Hierarchical structure of systems Dr Anton Setzer has determined the strength uniquely all the computably approximable of CASL, a co-author of the CASL User of various extensions (universes, W-type, Dr Neal Harman is trying to create a unified functions on any metric data type (e.g., the Manual, and the main editor of the CASL reflection principles) of Martin-Löf type theory, algebraic theory for computers from low-level reals, normed spaces) as n varies. Reference Manual. hardware to high-level programs, using including the Mahlo universe and the P3- A second problem is: What are the Dr Markus Roggenbach is active in creating equational methods and tools for specification, reflecting universe, which are the strongest technological limits of analogue computation? data type libraries, tools and language simulation, and verification. Algebraic methods formal theories currently available in The team is working toward a theory of extensions for CASL. Concurrent extensions for modeling microprocessors at instruction set constructive logic. A more practical goal is to computing with analogue fields and has such as Co-CASL and CSP-CASL are being architecture (ISA) and micro-architecture levels apply the expressiveness of dependent types created a completely general network model of designed and tested. As a major industrial of abstraction, and for proving their to programming technology, in the areas of analogue computing systems distributed in case study in CSP-CASL, an electronic payment generative and of provably correct space and operating in continuous time with equivalence, have been developed and transaction standard is being specified and data from a metric space. The model allows extended to pipelined and superscalar programming. Together with P Hancock researchers to analyse analogue computation tested with H Schlingloff (Humbold University processors. These methods have been adapted (Edinburgh), Dr Setzer has introduced concepts as an experimental process, develop case and Fraunhofer Institute, Berlin), the software for use in HOL verifications at Cambridge, for representing state-dependent interactive studies of mechanical and electrical systems, house Zühlke (Zürich) and the company where the first complete verification of a COT programs in dependent type theory, including write equational specifications of analogue CARUS (Hamburg). Research on tool support processor — the ARM — has been completed. a state-dependent monad. Dr Markus networks, and prove theorems about the unique for specification languages includes the Michelbrink and Dr Setzer have developed solution and computability of the well-posed Higher order methods for semantics and development of the consistency checker CCC an implementation of interactive programs and analogue networks. for CASL and of CSP-Prover, an interactive program synthesis its generalisation, weakly final coalgebras, theorem prover for the process algebra CSP, Computability and physical systems Higher type semantic models and proof theory using the theorem prover Agda. Dr Setzer and which is developed in close cooperation with are important tools for analysing functional P Dybjer (Gothenburg) have developed a data In the search for new physical foundations for Y Isobe (AIST, Japan). computation and information processing, Dr languages and automatically synthesising type of inductive-recursive definitions, which Dr Ulrich Berger Edwin Beggs (Swansea Mathematics Semantics online correct programs. has allows one to analyse and manipulate data developed a domain-theoretic notion of totality Department) and Professor Tucker are structures — a very general form of generic Since the middle of the last century, hundreds and used it to clarify the relationship between developing a theory of functions computable programming. Dr Setzer is also working on the by experiments with physical systems. A of programming languages have been different models of computability in higher integration of object technology into fundamental problem is to identify what exactly designed and implemented — and new ones types. He is using this theory to develop a dependent type theory. is an experimental procedure on analogue are continually emerging. The syntax of a powerful technique for proving termination of data, how can it be used to compute, and programming language can usually be functional programs. On the proof theoretic Infinite state automata theory how does it compare with algorithmic described quite precisely and efficiently using side, Dr Monika Seisenberger and Dr Verification tools for modeling systems procedures based on digital data. Examples of formal grammars. However, the formal Berger are collaborating with H exotic low dimensional mechanical systems typically rely on models being finite. The aim description of its semantics is much more Schwichtenberg and his research group at the have been created that can compute all challenging. Language designers, implementers University of Munich to develop advanced of Professor F G Moller’s research is to functions and all real numbers. Results lead to and programmers commonly regard precise develop structural techniques that not only an analysis of the construction and observation methods of program synthesis from proofs, semantic descriptions as impractical and too extend automated verification to infinite state of physical systems in experiments and the use including constructive and non-constructive costly. Research in semantics has allowed us to of new types of programming languages to logics as well as logics for polynomial time systems (which, for instance, encode infinite reason about software and has provided express experimental procedures. computability. Many of the theoretical results data types), but also circumvent the so-called valuable insight into the design of have been implemented and have been state explosion problem. Two important tools Common algebraic specification language programming languages, but few semantic applied in various fields, for example in developed in this study are structural descriptions of full languages have been A major achievement, involving a decade of infinitary combinatorics, computable analysis decomposition techniques and the published, and hardly any of these are research by the members of CoFI, the and higher order term rewriting. An example exploitation of game theoretic interpretations currently available online. international Common Framework Initiative for of a practically useful program extracted of the various verification problems. Much of algebraic specification and development, has Professor Mosses has developed two novel automatically from a formal proof is an this work is done in collaboration with P been the creation of CASL, the Common frameworks (Action Semantics and Modular efficient higher order term rewriting algorithm Jancar (Ostrava) and Y Hirshfeld (Tel Aviv). Algebraic Specification Language. CASL is a Structural Operational Semantics) that allow the called normalisation by evaluation. Modal and temporal logics general-purpose language for practical use in semantics of individual language constructs to Proof theory, dependent type theory software development for specifying both be described independently, thus providing the Professor Moller has developed various and applications requirements and design. It is already regarded basis for an online repository of reusable program logics for reasoning about reactive as a de facto standard, and various components for use in complete language Hilbert’s Second Problem is to determine the systems that have been implemented in a sublanguages and extensions are available for descriptions. limit of formal reasoning, and this has become number of tools used effectively in the specific tasks. Professor Peter Mosses was one of the main aims of proof theory work. verification of practical systems. The aim of 210 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 211

Professor Moller’s research is to characterise Beckmann has worked on independence volume graphics to match, and in some and interrelate the expressive power of the results for bounded arithmetic theories (with aspects supersede, surface graphics. New various logical frameworks, particularly Jan Johannsen, University of Munich) and methods were developed for modelling, involving fixed point logics. The main tool in lower bounds for constant depth rendering, manipulating, deforming and this work is the use of Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse propositional proof systems (in collaboration animating graphics models in a true 3D games, which characterise the semantic with Sam Buss, University of California San manner. In particular, the group members have content of these logics. Much of this work is Diego). Connected to this are adaptations made a number of significant contributions to done in collaboration with A Rabinovich of ordinal analysis to bounded arithmetic the fundamentals of volume graphics. (Tel Aviv). that resulted in dynamic ordinal analysis. Other research fields are complexity of The algebraic framework of constructive volume Satisfiability Problems reduction systems, in particular simple typed geometry (CVG) was first developed at Satisfiability problems, SAT problems, are at lambda calculus and Gödel's system T, with Swansea. It operates on solid objects as well the heart of many practical verification connections to implicit computational as amorphous phenomena, and the interior as techniques. They are also a key to the complexity (in collaboration with Andreas well as exterior of objects. It provides vlib (an famous P = NP problem. Dr Oliver Weiermann from University of Utrecht). open source software API for volume graphics) Kullmann has developed general methods Recently, Dr Beckmann became interested in with a constructive modelling framework for for upper bounds on satisfiability problems Intermediate Logics and is collaborating volume scene graphs. Recently new concepts requiring exponential time, leading to new with Norbert Preining and Martin Goldstern were introduced to CVG, enabling the direct tools for satisfiability (e.g., specialisations (Vienna University of Technology). modelling and rendering of deformation and and extensions of resolution). The theory of VISUAL AND INTERACTIVE point-based objects. autarkies has been used to detect COMPUTING redundancies in propositional formulae. New 3D distance fields (DFs) provide a cost-effective Volume graphics applications of linear programming, matching Swansea University computer scientists have means for modelling surface objects in volume theory and matroid theory have been found, worked in a broad range of subjects in the Professor Chen, Dr Jones and Dr Mora are graphics. Following its first introduction by the unifying and strengthening results on several areas of visual and interactive computing. collaborating with Rutgers (USA), Purdue group for volume reconstruction from contour important classes of propositional formulas Since 1992 when it was first established, the (USA), Bath (UK), AAS (Austria), TUD stacks, a series of new and efficient techniques with polynomial time satisfiability decision. group has grown to a team of 5 academics (Denmark) and Stuttgart (Germany) in the field were developed for computing accurate DFs in Recently, with the “combinatorics of conflicts” (Professor Min Chen, Dr P W Grant, Dr of Volume Graphics. voxelization, compressing DFs and employing Dr Kullmann has opened a new area of M W Jones, Dr B Mora and Dr R S DFs in hypertexture and deformation. interactions between combinatorics, graph Laramee), 8 researchers, 14 PhD/MPhil Volume graphics as a field evolved from theory, and research on SAT algorithms and students and 5 associated staff members. volume visualization, and aims at developing Dr Mora, who joined the group two years algebra. Thorough theoretical and practical ago, has a wealth of research experience in The group has contributed a large collection volumetric techniques into a general-purpose investigations into the nature of phase of novel techniques in the field of Volume graphics technology. The group has enabled volume rendering. In particular, a new object- transitions and the interactions of SAT and Graphics, has made a number of significant Statistical Physics have been started. breakthroughs in areas of Data Dr Kullmann is also developing a generative Visualization, has brought about advances C++ library for generalised SAT solving, in developing Interactive Software combining innovative new algorithms with Techniques and Tools, and recently has advanced implementation and design ventured into new interdisciplinary areas of techniques, and based on his award-winning using Intelligent Methods for Visual and OKsolver program. Interactive Computing. Bounded arithmetic and propositional The group follows an ambitious and curiosity- proof complexity driven programme to develop new algorithms and methods, as well as advanced software Most of Dr Arnold Beckmann’s research is techniques and tools, for computer graphics, located within Mathematical Logic and visualization and interactive systems. It has a Computational Complexity Theory, and his number of ongoing collaborative research main focus is on logical descriptions of projects with scientists in the UK, USA, computational complexity problems, in Germany, Canada, Denmark and Austria, particular bounded arithmetic and and is actively involved in knowledge transfer propositional proof complexity. Dr and industrial applications. 212 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 213

order algorithm was developed for fast scene graphs. The technique of volume Data visualization by an agent-based visualization framework. volume ray-casting, which was commonly wires was introduced for modelling skeleton- Professor Chen, Dr Laramee, Dr Jones and Dr The group also worked in collaboration with considered as an image-order technique. An based deformation using volume sweeping. Mora are collaborating with Stuttgart visualization users in medicine, bioinformatics, algorithmic framework was proposed and More recently, the concept of displacement (Germany), Bangor, Leeds, Manchester (UK), physics, forensic science, and computational studied for a class of order-independent mapping was generalized to accommodate Simon Fraser (Canada), Swansea Psychology fluid dynamics. It has developed a number of volume rendering algorithms that were complex volumetric displacements by lifting (UK) and the Swansea Scientific Computing application-driven techniques, such as fibre- typically suitable for interactive volume the constraints on displacement continuity, Group (UK). bundle tracing in heart modelling, and graphics. A recent fundamental study on the direction and magnitude. comparative visualization for computational The most significant contribution in the field of maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm fluid dynamics. There are a great number of other visualization made by Swansea is the showed that MIP could be performed in O(1) contributions by the group members, introduction of video visualization as a visual Interactive software techniques and tools time per pixel by exploiting spatial coherence analytics technique for extracting meaningful including non-photorealistic volume rendering, Professor M Chen, Dr Grant, Dr M W Jones effectively. This is a significant finding that information from video sequence. Recently, in isosurface visualization with parametric and Dr B Mora are collaborating with a provides an optimal lower bound for image- collaboration with Stuttgart (Germany), Simon cubes, parallel volume rendering, shadows number of industrial partners in the UK on a space direct volume rendering. Fraser (Canada) and Swansea Psychology, the and refraction in volume graphics, volume range of initiatives. group formulated the notion of visual signatures Volume deformation and animation remains morphing, and acceleration techniques for in video visualization, developed combined One collection of research activities of the one of the most challenging subjects in volume rendering. One of the latest volume and flow visualization techniques for group focuses on data and interaction volume graphics. The group developed a developments is the introduction of a new displaying visual signatures, and provided a set management, especially in networked number of new techniques, many in spectral volume rendering integral based on of convincing results to demonstrate that human environments. To enable rapid prototyping of collaboration with Rugters University (USA) the Kubelka and Munk theory instead of the observers can recognize motions from static web-based collaborative environments such as and Bath University (UK), for modelling and Lambert-Bouguer law, allowing for more visual representations of videos. This opens a courseware for teamwork and internet games, animating a variety of effects such as free- accurate modelling of light transport in new frontier in the field of visualization. a scripting language, called JACIE, was form deformation, sweeping, splitting, volumetric media. In collaboration with Dr Laramee, a young scientist who joined the designed and developed. It provides a number melting and explosion. The concept of Stuttgart (Germany), the new integral was group recently, has made a number of of new language features that are not present spatial transfer function was formulated for successfully realized on GPU for real-time important advances in developing flow in conventional programming languages, deforming volume objects as part of volume volume graphics. visualization techniques, including direct and including a collection of interaction protocols, interactive geometric techniques for 2D and 3D built-in multimedia channels, and secured and vector fields, dense and texture-based efficient data sharing. Together with a template- techniques for depicting flows on surfaces, and based programming style, it can significantly techniques for extracting and visualizing swirl reduce development costs for web-based and tumble motion. Much of the work was collaborative software. utilised directly in industrial applications. ClayWorks, developed at Swansea University, The combination of the rapid development of takes a different approach from traditional commodity graphics hardware techniques and object modelling. Instead of storing the final the explosive increase of data to be visualized results (usually a polygonal mesh) of an raises a fundamental question about the future interactive modelling session, it stores the computing infrastructure for visualization, which history of the interaction steps that have been is the research focus of a major collaborative undertaken to create the model. ClayWorks project involving Swansea, Bangor, Leeds, can produce the same results as well-known Manchester, and Utah. The group proposed to commercial modellers, but has the advantage address the complexity in managing data, that the model sizes are incredibly small resources and interaction in a visual because the user interaction requires much less supercomputing infrastructure by adopting storage than the polygonal models. This autonomic computing evolutionarily. It provision of editable interaction history in developed a simulation environment for procedural modelling represents a significant modelling and analysing different infrastructures step forward. including those based on future technologies ViSTAR is a collaborative industrial research and those that are mission-critical and project for developing a scalable technology unsuitable for experimentation. It also for managing large volumes of imagery data. developed a prototype infrastructure supported The project was inspired by a web-based 3D 214 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 215

to obtain a person-specific age-progression model based on an input image, genetic programming was employed to evolve a solution automatically by learning from example transformations in a facial image database. With evolutionary computing, this technique is able to infer from the input and the database the most appropriate models to be used for transforming the input face. The results obtained using this new approach represent a significant leap from those in the literature. With the increasing complexity of large virtual environment developed by the group visualisation infrastructure involving distributed for managing imagery data, and is heterogeneous hardware and various display undertaken by a consortium led by the group devices (such as PDAs and VR systems), the and involving six academic and industrial management of visualisation tasks is becoming partners. Using the ViSTAR concept and difficult. A self-adaptive infrastructure has been technology, ordinary internet users can designed and prototyped, which uses achieve, exhibit and manage their digital autonomous software agents to manage photos and videos through 3D web-based visualisation tasks. These agents inspect the virtual environments such as galleries and running system, and then employ various cinemas. This technology not only offers users strategies to improve the user response speed. a novel and intuitive experience of interacting They also insulate the programmer from many LABORATORY — FIT LAB Buchanan and Professor Thimbleby were with computers, but also provides a complex tasks such as parallelising rendering, made honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of convenient tool for managing huge volumes of migrating processes, obtaining user input, and The Department of Computer Science at Arts for their work on web site development. Dr data in a mostly automatic manner. streaming output to multiple displays and Swansea is building a new research group, the Buchanan has won several prizes at display types. Future Interaction Technology Laboratory, to Intelligent methods for visual and conferences for his work, including the ACM research and develop new technologies for interactive computing Because of the rapid advances in data capture Ted Nelson prize in 2004 and the best paper and data generation technologies (e.g., web- interactive systems. At mid-2006, the Professor Chen, Dr Grant, Dr Jones are award at the Australian Computer Science based data collection and Grid computing), laboratory had three staff, two PhD students, working with Utah (USA) and several industrial Conference, 2006. the management of data over a complex and several open posts for research-funded partners in the UK. computing and communication infrastructure is projects were being advertised. The FIT Lab The FIT Lab’s EPSRC-funded Sharing stories Inspired by the recent developments in becoming a bottleneck to interactive visual welcomes visiting researchers from around the across digital divides Project, led by Dr Matt translation techniques for XML-based data mining. Knowledge-based out-of-core world — even in its first year, the Lab hosted Jones, will explore the use of advanced mobile languages, the group formulated a novel algorithms were developed for managing very on average one international visitor a month. and digital library technologies to address approach to the automatic translation of large datasets during visualization. Such For the latest details, please see FIT Lab’s web aspects of the global “digital divide” problem graphical scene description languages using algorithms can adapt their management site at www.fitlab.eu. in Indian villages. This research project involves independent stylesheets. The principal concept strategies automatically based on data, designing, building and evaluating a digital The Future Interaction Technologies Laboratory, of XSLT was further extended by replacing resources and visualization requirements, hence library repository containing multimedia stories. or FIT Lab, was founded by Professor Harold n(n–1) binary mapping stylesheets with n removing the burden of complex data A multi-disciplinary team, involving Swansea Thimbleby, and seeks to make the future safer individual stylesheets, one for each scene management from users. and two other universities in the UK, the project description language. This approach is referred and more enjoyable, by improving the quality Autonomic computing refers to computing is being run in field sites in India. Dr Matt Jones to as Independent Stylesheet Language of interactive devices — from web sites to systems which possess the capability of self- is also running an EPSRC network, Bridging the Translation (ISLT), and it dynamically establishes medical devices, and from digital libraries to knowing and self-management. In addition to Global Digital Divide Network which will the syntactic mapping and semantic mobile computing in South Africa. pursuing the integration of this technology stimulate research more widely in the UK in this approximation from one language to another with visualization systems, the group has also Coincidentally, all three staff in the FIT Lab have important area. using knowledge acquired from stylesheets and been actively developing autonomic worked at Waikato University, New Zealand, previous translation. A prototype was Microsoft Research at Cambridge awarded capabilities, in industrial software systems, for with Professor Ian Witten FRSNZ. In this area developed that successfully demonstrated the FIT Lab a grant, to Dr Jones and Dr Buchanan, managing large scale data transactions and of work, there is close collaboration with the technical feasibility of ISLT. to investigate the social and informational complex job scheduling. award-winning digital library project impacts of displaying the searches made in or Recently, the group developed a data-driven Greenstone, which has been adopted by the FUTURE INTERACTION TECHNOLOGY around a place at the site doing the framework for facial aging simulation. In order UN. Indeed, two of the team — Dr George 216 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 217

searching. This is obviously of great value for suffer from “bad computer science.” This is the mobile users — an area of expertise at starting premise of research into new, Swansea: Dr Jones recently published Mobile interactive calculators in the Department of Interaction Design with Gary Marsden of Computer Science. Cape Town University (John Wiley, 2006). Imagine freely writing a calculation down on Some of the FIT Lab’s work was selected for the paper and the paper somehow magically Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition working out the answers. Professor Harold 2005. Considerable interest has been shown Thimbleby and PhD student Will Thimbleby in this work, from educationalists to have built a calculator that works like this. It is manufacturers; the central ideas have been ideal for pen-based computers or interactive patented. The research student, Will whiteboards in school classrooms. The system Thimbleby, involved in this project was recognises handwriting, allowing users to write awarded the Vodafone prize at the UK Young naturally, using ordinary mathematics notation. Engineers exhibition held in the Houses of Users can write directly onto a large Parliament, 2005. Lidia Oshlyansky, another whiteboard with their fingers. As well as FIT Lab PhD student, specialising in cultural ordinary calculator sums, the calculator can factors, was selected by EPSRC to attend a also do complex sums such as eiπ properly, national ‘sandpit’ where research grants on the solve for unknowns and correct mathematics. digital divide were allocated. The system developed at Swansea actually Harold Thimbleby, the Director of the Lab, is a corrects users’ mathematics as they write. expressions by handwriting and provides and solve problems reliably that they were not Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award Experiments with ordinary handheld calculators, continual feedback showing the calculation able to solve before is very exciting. Hopefully, holder, and is developing new approaches for performing calculations from 4x-5 to harder -π and results. The user interface adjusts and this calculator will prompt a rethink and ensuring medical equipment, whether for ones such as 2 gave some surprising results: copes with partial expressions, morphing the redesign of how we interact with and use clinicians or patients, is safe and reliable. only 27% of conventional calculators arrived at expressions to correct position and syntax. calculators. There are also exciting possibilities Professor Thimbleby wrote Press On — the correct answer! In contrast, people doing Gestures are also used to edit and manipulate for its use on tablet PCs, small-screen Principles of Programming Interactive Devices, sums on the new calculator made no mistakes. calculations. The user interface is declarative, in handhelds, and in school classrooms on shortly to be published by MIT Press. Thimbleby Another experiment asked subjects to answer that all displays, even with partial user input, interactive whiteboards. is also a regular presenter to the public and GCSE exam questions, either using their own are of correct calculations. Government departments, and has given conventional calcuator or the new one. The Apple Design Awards numerous lectures and workshops on many findings of this research were published by If the user wrote 3 x =18, the calculator Will Thimbleby also received the 2006 Apple issues related to computers and society. Will Thimbleby in 2004 (A novel pen-based would immediately show the correct missing Computers Award for the “Best Mac OS X calculator and its evaluation). Although some number, 6, in red so that it is easier to see. The University is investing in the development of Student Product”, for his interactive graphics people struggled with conventional calculators, Then the new calculator lets the user change the FIT Lab, and has provided flexible program, Lineform 1.1 (See image on nobody made mistakes using the new one. the sum to one where it is all divided by 5. laboratory space, which is being used for page 212). This is a significant achievement, especially Immediately, the calculator recognises the experiments in advanced interaction design. considering the safety-critical applications of handwritten 5 and presents it formally as a For further information on research in The appointment of further staff, as well as a calculators (e.g., aircraft navigation, medical typeset digit; at the same time it also re-solves steady influx of postgraduate students, will Computer Science, please contact applications, and so on). the new equation. It gives the answer 30. enable the Lab to grow rapidly and achieve Professor Harold Thimbleby Now the user might want to edit this by the critical mass to establish a world-leading The new calculator provides a natural, moving the 3x to the bottom of the equation, [email protected] reputation in the area. dynamic method of entering conventional alongside the 5 they wrote earlier. They can New calculators for the 21st Century select and drag the 3x easily... and the calculator immediately works out the new One of the FIT Lab’s areas of research looks to answer, 270. change the way maths is taught in schools, as well as having great potential to improve the The new calculator is faster for more complex reliability of all calculations, particularly for expressions and importantly, gives users more medical uses. confidence in its results. The commercial implications are also self-evident — the Conventional handheld calculators are badly potential of this sort of calculator for learning designed, unnecessarily difficult to use and mathematics and in enabling users to calculate 218 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 219

MATHEMATICS ‘PSEUDO DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS means. For white noise in time, taking the PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS The Mathematics Department has two main AND MARKOV PROCESSES’ limit in which the fluid viscosity tends to BY EXAMPLE zero, a completely new model for research groups, one in Stochastic Processes Professor Niels Jacob’s best known work Dr Mark Kelbert, Reader in Mathematics, turbulence emerges for compressible fluid and the other in Algebra and Topology. The connected two seemingly unrelated has submitted the second volume of his book applications of these subjects extend from the mathematical theories: the theory of pseudo flow. Here, contrary to the ideas of Lord series (in collaboration with Professor theory of turbulence in fluids and financial differential operators, which emerged in the Kelvin, the fluid flow develops a turbulent Y.Suhov, Cambridge) ’Probability and markets through mathematical physics to 60’s and 70’s as a new approach to treat vortex filament structure, whose behaviour Statistics by Example’, to Cambridge cryptography. The former group (founded by partial differential equations, and the theory can be elucidated in detail. Professor University Press. The first volume was Professor David Williams FRS) was flagged of jump processes. Professor Jacob has Truman and his collaborators have been published in 2005, The extended Russian up in the preparation of the recent International presented his and his many PhD-students’ invited to speak on these results at version is already published (September Review of UK research in Mathematics work in a three volume research monograph international meetings in Ascona, Beijing, 2006) and was supported by a special commissioned by EPSRC as an important ‘Pseudo differential operators and Markov Minneapolis, Moscow, Oberwolfach, grant of the Russian Foundation of Basic contributor to the UK’s world leading status for processes’. Volume one, published in 2001, Pasadena, Philadelphia, Pisa, Prague, Research. The title of the second volume is Stochastic Analysis research. Both groups have is labelled by the publisher as a best seller Shandung and St Petersburg, as well as at ‘Markov chains: a primer in random broad portfolios of research activities from and is already in its second print run. Volume numerous UK universities. processes and their applications’. It contains which we present a few highlights. two, published in 2002, gives the analytical Dr Eugene Lytvynov, who collaborates many topics never before presented in the monographic literature. COLLABORATION IN STOCHASTIC core of the theory, and Volume three, giving with world-leading researchers in Bonn and the probabilistic core, was published in ANALYSIS Bielefeld, works on complementary aspects Dr Kelbert (with Y.Suhov) achieved a break- 2005. In this magnum opus, circa 1,500 of these problems involving Gibbs measures through in a field on the borderline between Professor Williams (who is best known to the pages, published within less than five years, and infinite dimensional analysis. Dr Jiang- probability, geometry and PDEs. This scientific community for his classic text Professor Jacob has to modify the classical Lun Wu has also made significant concerns the behaviour of branching diffusion ‘Diffusions, Markov processes and theory of pseudo differential operators in a contributions to the understanding of the processes on symmetrical spaces (i.e., martingales’) is continuing to work in the substantial way, giving new insights into and workings of financial markets using non- hyperbolic space) and their relations to Department and in the last few years has had powerful tools for the theory of jump standard analysis. reaction-diffusion equations, which are a very close collaboration with Professor processes. This also led to extending some important in chemical engineering and Daniel Stroock, MIT, one of the world’s results for diffusions, elucidated in Professor The above results have been published in some epidemiology. This series of papers is about leading probabilists. Jointly they have just Williams’ classic text above, to the much of the leading international journals in this field. to be submitted for publication. This work published ‘A simple PDE and Wiener-Hopf more general jump processes. Riccati Equations’ in one of the most prestigious mathematical journals. Their ON THEORIES OF TURBULENCE collaboration has already produced a further One of the longest standing problems in paper. Their investigations led to totally Applied Mathematics is to explain the onset surprising, new insights into classical problems of turbulence in fluid flow. If this problem in the theory of parabolic equations and their could be solved, there would be important relation to stochastic processes. progress in meteorology, aerodynamics, Last year Professor Stroock visited Swansea as civil and chemical engineering. The the main lecturer in an LMS/EPSRC course for underlying non-linear equations here are graduate students. The topic of his lectures known as the Navier-Stokes and Euler was, however, not related to the joint work equations. In 3-dimensions, because of the with Professor Williams. In his latest book non-linearity, these equations are amongst Professor Stroock elaborated on the great the most intractable in the whole of Kiyoshi Itô’s work on stochastic integrals and mathematical physics. With Dr Ian Davies differential equations. When during a and Dr Jiang-Lun Wu at Swansea and Dr conference in Kyoto he and Professor Niels Huaizhong Zhao at Loughborough, Jacob realised how complementary this work Professor Aubrey Truman has pioneered a is to the theory of pseudo differential new approach to this problem by studying operators generating Markov processes, it Burgers equation perturbed by noise. This was Professor Stroock who proposed such a equation contains the same non-linearity as course in Swansea with Professor Walter the above equations, but for certain types of Hoh, a former PhD student of Professor Jacob, noise can be solved exactly by probabilistic as second lecturer. 220 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 221

has attracted many invitations from leading These subjects have important applications, about the particles which carry the CORINGS universities in the UK and USA (Courant, for example to the design of semiconductors. interactions (e.g., photons). The most A ring is an algebraic structure which Cornell, Chicago, Philadelphia, Maryland, Professor Pastur was one of the first scientists fundamental of fibrations are those known formalises operations of addition and Stony Brook, Oregon, etc). to give a rigorous mathematical explanation as principal fibre bundles (which in physics multiplication of whole numbers and is, of Anderson localisation - the process correspond to pure gauge theory). A Another interesting direction is the systematic indeed, the most fundamental building block whereby the doping of semiconductors with successful theory of such principal fibre use of the Large Deviation Theory in of modern abstract algebra. The power of impurities localises the conduction band bundles in non-commutative geometry was problems of insurance, asymptotic analysis ring theory lies in the fact that, although it electrons. He has numerous research results initiated in the pioneering works of of scintillation counters in nuclear physics starts with simple operations on numbers, the to his credit and has written classic texts on Professor Brzezinski and Shahn Majid. This and problems of epidemiology. notion of ring includes more complex random Schrödinger operators. Currently he is a highly algebraic theory, which involves mathematical objects, as it captures on a OUTSTANDING ACCOLADE is working on the related fields of spectral objects arising from classical number theory very general level features typical for analysis and random matrices and their (Hopf-Galois extensions). In the past year At the beginning of the summer 2005, it addition and multiplication. For example, ring applications to physics. He is a member of Dr Edwin Beggs and Professor Brzezinski was announced that Martin Barlow, a theory is a basis for studying symmetries of the National Academy of Sciences of the have developed a new approach to former Swansea PhD student of Professor geometric objects (such as a cube or a ball) Ukraine. fibrations in non-commutative geometry. David Williams, has been awarded an FRS or physical systems (such as electromagnetic This new approach puts more emphasis on for his work on stochastic processes, NON-COMMUTATIVE DIFFERENTIAL forces). In seeking a better and more general differential geometric and topological diffusions on fractals and local times. Martin GEOMETRY description of properties of rings, American aspects of fibrations, through the extensive studied for his PhD with Professor Williams mathematician Moss E Sweedler introduced Non-commutative geometry is a new kind of use of spectral sequences, and also from 1976-78, and it is his PhD work as the notion of a coring (co-ring) some 30 geometry, which, rather than dealing with benefits from the earlier works of Beggs well as other results which were cited by years ago. Although a purely abstract notion, points, curves etc, deals with objects which and Brzezinski. The importance of these the Royal Society for the award. He held corings have applications for example to generalise functions on curves, surfaces etc. results have been quickly recognised and an academic post in Cambridge for a computer science through the so-called theory According to most recent advances in they are published in Acta Mathematica, number of years. He is currently Professor of coalgebras (see the Department of theoretical physics (for example String one of the most prestigious mathematical of Mathematics at the University of British Computer Science entry on Proof theory, Theory, see page 205), at very small scales journals. The results were also presented as Columbia from where he commented: dependent type theory and applications). In the physical space exhibits behaviour which a plenary talk during the international mathematics, corings were largely forgotten ‘I went to Swansea as a PhD student in no longer can be described in terms of conference in Cairo and in a plenary for a quarter of a century. However, in 1976, to work with David. At that time the standard (differential) geometry. A new type lecture during the satellite conference of the 2000, Professor Brzezinski constructed new work of Meyer's group in France on of mathematical description capturing this International Congress of Mathematicians examples of corings (originating in non- martingales and the ‘general theory of situation needs to be developed. This new in Madrid (Non-commutative Algebra, commutative geometry) and showed that processes’ was only just beginning to be theory is known as non-commutative Granada, 2006). assimilated in the English speaking world: geometry. Professor Thomas Brzezinski of David was one of the first to appreciate its the Department of Mathematics at Swansea significance. (Looking back, it is interesting leads one of the most active research groups to recall how much longer it took then for in this area in the UK. new ideas to cross national boundaries.) NEW APPROACH TO (NON- ‘This was a very exciting time to be working COMMUTATIVE) FIBRATIONS with David. He was finishing his work on Fibrations are one of the most essential Q-matrices, working on random prime objects in modern geometry and algebraic number sieves, and (most useful for me), topology, and have many diverse began to write his book ‘Diffusions, Markov applications for example in mechanics and processes and martingales’. At this time he particle physics. In particular, the also started the planning of the splendid mathematical description of a motion of a 1980 Durham symposium on Stochastic particle on a surface involves a fibration: Analysis.’ this combines the space in which the STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND particle moves (a base of the fibration) with CONDENSATION THEORY all the possible velocities (which are understood as a collection of fibres). In Professor Leonid Pastur is an authority on high energy theoretical particle physics, statistical mechanics and the mathematical fibres encode for example the information physics of disordered condensed matter. 222 School of Physical Sciences Swansea University Breakthrough 223

many seemingly different algebraic theories And groups themselves have their own can be unified in terms of corings. The internal symmetries — symmetries of publication of these results triggered a revival symmetries in a sense. In 1938 Philip Hall, of interest in corings and laid the foundations one of the leading figures in group theory at of the coring theory, which is now intensively the time, published a short paper in which he developed in many mathematical centres for proved a formula relating the sizes of groups example in Belgium, China, Germany, of a certain kind to the sizes of their groups Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, Sweden and of internal symmetries. Hall referred to this USA. Swansea is at the forefront of the formula as a “curious result” since the proof research in this area. The monograph provided no real insight into why the identity Corings and Comodules (Cambridge, 2003) should hold. Since then several attempts by Professor Brzezinski and Robert Wisbauer have been made to provide alternative, more is considered by many to be the main transparent proofs, but none of them shed reference on corings and coalgebras. much light on the “curious result”. Recently, Corings have become a standard topic of by restating Hall’s result in terms of groups in many algebraic conferences. which each individual symmetry is labelled with a number, Dr Francis Clarke has Recent highlights of this area are two joint published in the Proceeding of the American papers of Gabriella Bohm (Budapest) and Mathematical Society a simple, but ingenious Professor Brzezinski in which foundations are proof of the “curious” formula. In his proof laid for the most general non-commutative the groups concerned are built up from Chern-Weil theory (the definition and analysis smaller, simpler components using techniques of the relative Chern-Galois character). These which are standard in group theory, but works combine methods from coring theory which Francis has generalised to the setting with geometry and outline ways of classifying of labelled groups. non-commutative spaces on one hand and More progress is to be expected since many VIP VISITS extensions of algebras on the other. One of the most basic ways to study open questions still remain, in particular Two recent VIP’s visiting the Department were fundamental geometric structures is to use the understanding how the pictures SYMMETRIC GROUP CHARACTER Britain’s most decorated mathematician, the invariant known as K-theory. The idea goes corresponding to different primes fit together. THEORY REVISITED President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, back to the work of Alexander Grothendieck MEETINGS, WORKSHOPS AND Professor Sir Michael Atiyah OM, PPRS and The 2005/06 academic year also saw the in the 1960s; it was introduced into SCHOOLS one of the top mathematical physicists in the publication of Dr Schocker's joint research topology by Michael Atiyah and Friedrich World, Professor Barry Simon of CalTech. monograph with Dieter Blessenohl on Hirzebruch, and is now very widespread in Over the last year the Department of Professor Atiyah unveiled the Rhind Papyrus Noncommutative Character Theory of the mathematics — there is even a prestigious Mathematics hosted a number of successful (one of the oldest mathematics documents in Symmetric Group. This work has pioneered a journal called “K-theory”. The K-theory of a research workshops and schools. Most existence) which is on loan for 12 months to new approach to the classical representation geometric object has internal symmetries notably, Dr Schocker organised a meeting the University’s Egypt Centre from the British theory of the symmetric group. Among known as operations. Examples of such of the Bristol-Leicester-Oxford Colloquium Museum. Professor Simon was the LMS Invited various other results, it contains a short and operations were constructed by Frank on Algebra. Professor Brzezinski organised Lecturer in 2005. Professor Atiyah and elegant proof of one of the most influential Adams, but it remains an open problem to the annual workshop on Quantum Professor Simon have links with Swansea mathematical theorems ever proved in understand properly the algebraic structure of Geometry of Hopf Algebras and Hopf going back to 1988 when the International Swansea: the Littlewood-Richardson Rule. This the collection of all operations. Adams and Algebroids, while Dr Clarke organised the Congress of Mathematical Physics came to rule originated in the work of the first Head Dr Clarke proved in the 1970s that the very well attended LMS/EPSRC Short Swansea and both are Honorary Fellows of of Department at Swansea, Professor collection of these operations was very large, Course on Algebraic Topology and the University. Although their styles are very Archibald Reed Richardson, in the 1930's. much larger than some had predicted, and in Professor Jacob the LMS/EPSRC Short different, both are brilliant expositors of the 1980s Dr Clarke made some progress in Course on Topics in Stochastic Processes. ALGEBRAIC SYMMETRY Mathematics as they demonstrated during describing a simpler version. Over the last Next year the Department will play host to their visits. A group is the structure that mathematicians few years, in a series of papers, Dr Clarke the prestigious annual British Mathematical use to model symmetry of all kinds. and Martin Crossley, and Sarah Colloquium – the main national forum for For further information on research in Geometric symmetry is an important Whitehouse (of Sheffield) have managed to disseminating research in Pure Mathematics, please contact example, but the concept has its origin early describe the beautiful and subtle structure of Mathematics. This is being organised by Professor Niels Jacob in the 19th century in Evariste Galois’s study the operations that arise when viewed from Professor Niels Jacob and Dr Clarke. of symmetries among the roots of equations. the perspective of a single prime number. [email protected] 224 Department of Adult Continuing Education Swansea University Breakthrough 225

DEPARTMENT OF ADULT • to arrange seminars and conferences on Education Role to Widen Participation, in the schools, further education colleges and higher CONTINUING EDUCATION themes concerned with lifelong learning; Rodopi Publications Research Series (with education providers in the Swansea, Neath Heather Pudner); Evaluation of the Step-up to and Port Talbot areas and to deliver a The Department of Adult Continuing Education • to give support to the teaching and Science Widening Participation Project, at the Widening Participation strategy funded by undertakes research into lifelong learning, supervision of research students and other conceptualised as holistic in character, University of Ulster, published by the University HEFCW. Her recent publications include the students in the Department; embracing formal and informal education, in of Ulster (2003); “The value of NAB provision Crossing Borders volume mentioned above. • to provide a base for visiting scholars in supporting non-formal learning and its institutional and non-institutional settings, ‘from She has also conducted research with M who have research interests in the field contribution to widening participation”, in: the cradle to the grave’. Houston, H Knox, H May, L Thomas, M F Lee, Attracting and Retaining Learners: Policy and of lifelong learning. M Osborne and C Trotman for Universities UK Given the University’s national and regional Practice Perspectives (with Sue Pester); ‘They Professor Colin (From the Margins to the Mainstream – economic and social setting, and the context of get you trying’ Swansea Skills Service: an Trotman, the Head of Embedding Widening Participation in Higher the devolution settlement for Wales, the evaluation of the project, Department of Adult Department, is also the Education, (2005); Higher Education and Department is particularly interested in Continuing Education, University of Wales current Deputy Social Impact: A Community Education Role to articulating a distinctive concept of lifelong Swansea, 2002 (with R O Humphreys; Chairperson of the Widen Participation (with Colin Trotman), learning that is responsive to individual and H Pudner and C Warren), and “The Universities Association which was published in Rodopi’s Research local circumstances and synthesizes education Connecting Communities Cymru Project: using for Continuing Series in 2003; ‘They get you trying’: and training. ICT to overcome geographical and Education (UACE Swansea Skills Service. An Evaluation of the educational disadvantage” (with Rita Kop), in: Disadvantaged communities and social Cymru), a member of Project; “The Project, 1996-2000”, The Application of Information Technology in UACE Council, a Journal of Lifelong Leaning Initiatives 32, and exclusion are parts of the backcloth against Adult Education (ed. Artur Bartosik),University of committee member on Social Class and Participation: Good Practice which much of the work is set. The Department Kielce, Poland, 2002 pp. 163-172. undertakes research and evaluation projects, the University of Wales Standing Panel on in Widening Access to Higher Education (with often in partnership with other bodies, and Lifelong Learning (USP LL) and a committee Jane Elliott is the Deputy Head of Department. M Woodrow, M Yorke, M F Lee, J McGrane, seeks to build links with other researchers member of HEFCW’s National Steering She conducts research into aspects of B Osborne and C Trotman), a further research working on aspects of lifelong learning at Committee ‘Reaching Higher Reaching Wider’ continuing education and gender, including report for Universities UK in 2002. to oversee HEI activities to widen participation women’s citizenship, the teaching of women’s Swansea University, and elsewhere in Wales, Heather is a member of the Community in the Welsh University sector. studies, social exclusion and gender, and the UK, Europe and the wider world. Learning sub-group of the Swansea Economic lifelong learning. Recent research includes a Recognising that lifelong learning is a broad In 2004 he was invited to participate in a Regeneration Partnership and was the Woman co-edited volume of research on lifelong field encompassing studies that focus on the cross-governmental initiative, through the of the Year – Education and Training Winner learning in the devolved Wales (Crossing formal and informal education of young people auspices of the ‘North South Ministerial ( Industry Week) in 2006. Borders: Lifelong Learning in Welsh Higher and adults, the Department aims: Council’ (The Republic of Ireland and the Education, with Professor Colin Trotman, Dr Lynne Jenkins co-ordinates DACE’s part- Northern Ireland Assembly), to develop and Heather Pudner and Alyce von Rothkirch). She time degree scheme. Her research interests • to promote high quality research and deliver community-based adult continuing has also published “Reaching the Non include e-learning and Intelligent Knowledge- evaluation studies, utilising theoretical and education and social/economic regeneration Participant: why many adults do not participate Based Systems, Mathematics and adults, empirical approaches, that will inform in Northern Ireland. Working in collaboration in formal learning opportunities” and At the intergenerational learning and widening practice and promote innovative provision in with Dr Damian O’Kane (University of Ulster), Margins of Civil Society, forthcoming). Another participation and community learning. Recent lifelong learning contexts; he was involved in planning, structuring and piece of research is the City and County of publications include “Net Conferencing as an delivering this educational programme (as a • to make available to practitioners, scholars Swansea: Residencies in Action – Final e-learning tool to improve Retention Rates on a pilot in Armagh) as an essential component to and the wider community published books Evaluation Report (with Kate D’Lima, Anna- Mathematics course taught by Distance consolidate the ‘peace process’. and articles, reports, papers and other Marie Taylor et al) published in 2005. Learning”, a paper presented by Dr Jenkins publications, stemming from the research He was a member of the Universities UK and John G Dyke at the CAITA International Other research includes The Challenge of research team which produced From Elitism to Conference in 2004. work of the Department; Lifelong Learning as a Means of Extending Inclusion: Good Practice in Widening Access • to serve as a forum bringing together other Citizenship for Women; Studies in the Dr Alyce von to HE (1998), Social Class and Participation: Education of Adults; and “The Relationship Rothkirch has, individuals, groups and agencies in Wales Good Practice in Widening Access to Higher Between Adult Education as a Social and beyond to further the research and Education (2002) and From the margins to the together with Prof Colin Movement and the Women’s Movement with evaluation work; mainstream: Embedding widening participation Trotman, Heather Particular Reference to South Wales”. Pudner and Jane Elliott, • to provide an appropriate infrastructure to in higher education (2005). Other recent edited a volume of support research and evaluation studies; publications include Emlyn Williams (1921- Heather Pudner is the Reaching Higher 1995) in New Dictionary of National Reaching Wider (South-West Wales) research on lifelong • to accept commissions from organisations Biography, Oxford University Press; Higher Partnership Manager. This position involves learning in the outside the University for research and Education and Social Impact: A Community coordinating the Strategic partnership of devolved Wales evaluation work; (Crossing Borders: 226 Department of Adult Continuing Education Swansea University Breakthrough 227

His research interests include motivation and The Quantum Universe (with A.J.G. Hey), success among adult learners of Welsh, Cambridge University Press, 1998. language planning and policy and the lesser Caryl Clement is the co-ordinator of the used languages of Europe. He has published Welsh for Work project. She has published on widely on these subjects – a selection of the correlation between linguistic and recent titles include “Escolarizacion d’adultos community regeneration: “Community and como fuercia pa la revitalizacion llingüística: Linguistic Regeneration in South West Wales: una esperiencia galesa”, El Canciu’l New Learning Opportunities in the Welsh Cuélebre: Revista Cultural Asturiana, Language” (with Steve Morris), a chapter in Gaeaf/Winter 2000, cyfrol/vol. 8, 47 – Crossing Borders: Lifelong Learning in Welsh 52; “Welsh for Adults: A Policy for a Bilingual Higher Education). Wales?, in Education Policy-making in Wales: Explorations in Devolved Governance, (ed. Clare Woodward works as an e-learning Richard Daugherty, Robert Phillips & Gareth developer on the Connecting Communities Rees), Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 2000, 239 – Cymru Project. Her research interests include 255; “Adult Education, Language Revival and online communications, learning and teaching Language Planning”, in Language in online environments, and widening Revitalization: Policy and Planning in Wales, participation. Recent publications include “The (ed. Colin Williams), Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, Importance of Context in Computer Mediated Lifelong Learning in Welsh Higher Education), a new Encyclopedia of Modern Drama, 2000, 208 – 220; “Language planning Communications Analysis” (with E.Kinsel), and which is currently in press with NIACE. She has 2005. She is on the editorial advisory board strategies for integrating adult learners: “Integrated Collaborative Tools: evaluation also co-edited a volume of research into Welsh of Planet: The Welsh Internationalist and Crossing the bridge between Yish and Xish”, reports” (with L Fujino, N Martindale, S Mulder, writing in English together with Dr Daniel contributes to the magazine. in Actes del 2n Congrés Europeu sobre P Fahey), Her chapter “Connecting Williams (School of Arts) in celebration of the Planificació Lingüística / Proceedings of the Communities with Technology?” (with Rita Kop) Rita Kop co-manages the Community work of Professor M Wynn Thomas (Beyond 2nd European Conference on Language will be published in Crossing Borders: Lifelong Progression Project, a project designed to the Difference: Welsh Literature in Comparative Planning, Generalitat de Catalunya, Learning in Welsh Higher Education). widen participation to higher learning. Her Barcelona, 2003, 204 – 216; C Davies, Contexts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, Kate D’Lima is Co-ordinating Tutor for research interests lie in widening participation, H Gruffudd, and S Morris, Cynlluniau 2004). She also co-edited, with Professor Performing Arts, Writing and Literature and lifelong learning, digital literacy and e-learning. Gweithredu Iaith: Gwerthusiad i Fwrdd yr Bernhard Reitz, the volume Crossing Borders: Lecturer in English Literature and Creative Recent research has focused on innovative Iaith Gymraeg, Caerdydd/Cardiff, Bwrdd yr Intercultural Drama and Theatre at the Turn of Writing for the Part Time Degree. She also ways to widen participation through e-learning. Iaith Gymraeg/Welsh Language Board, the Millennium (Trier: WVT, 2001). teaches creative writing on DACE Accredited Selected publications include “Blogs and 2004, 65pp. Recent research in lifelong learning has Wikis: Innovative tools for informal knowledge and Open programmes and is an award- included papers on Widening Participation creation or technologies irrelevant to Jean Preece co-ordinates the FIT (Foundation winning writer, with fiction published in and Community-based Higher Education given education?” (2005); “The Community in IT) project at DACE. Recent publications anthologies and magazines and aired on BBC at the Community University of the Valleys University – learners, learning providers and include “Equalities and Equal Opportunities radio. Kate’s specialist research area concerns Partnership conference, Swansea, April 2005, communities negotiating for change” (2004, Training in Relation to Employment in Wales in creative writing in health settings. Recent and at a FACE/Continuum Conference in with Rhysian Jones, who currently co-manages 2003” (with J James), which was publications include Creative Writing and London, October 2005 as well as the Society the Community Progression Project, a project commissioned by Welsh Development Agency Health Project - A Study into the Benefits and for Applied European Thought Inclusions and designed to widen participation to higher and Equality Kitemarks in Wales and the UK: Best Methods for Integration of Creative Exclusions in the New Europe conference, learning) and “The Connecting Communities Report of Baseline Research (with J James and Writing in Health Settings. This was a report 2005. Recent publications in the field of Welsh Cymru Project: using ICT to overcome M Williams), again commissioned by Welsh funded by The Arts Council of Wales and The writing in English include “’Art can save geographical and educational disadvantage” Development Agency. Arts and Humanities Research Board. A further project was the City and County of Swansea: culture’: Welsh stagings of place in selected (2002, with Colin Trotman). Work in progress Dr Patrick Walters co-ordinates the Physical Residencies in Action – Final Evaluation Report works by Eddie Ladd and Ed Thomas”, which includes “Connecting Communities with Sciences programme at DACE and his (with Jane Elliott, Anna-Marie Taylor et al) was published in Mapping Uncertain Technologies?” (with Clare Woodward), a research interests focus mainly on science published in 2005. Territories: Space and Place in Contemporary chapter in Crossing Borders: Lifelong Learning education. He also writes non-technical books Theatre and Drama. She also contributed in Welsh Higher Education. on science for the general reader and For further information, please contact entries for ‘Dic Edwards’, ‘Alan Osborne’, ‘Ian Steve Morris is responsible for the Welsh beginning undergraduates. Recent publications Rowlands’, ‘Dylan Thomas’, ‘Ed Thomas’, Professor Colin Trotman (Language) programme at DACE, including are The New Quantum Universe (with A J G ‘Emlyn Williams’, ‘House of America (by Ed the Higher Education Certificate in Welsh. Hey), Cambridge University Press, 2003, and [email protected] Thomas) and ‘The Keep’ (by Gwyn Thomas) for 228 Acronyms and Abbreviations Swansea University Breakthrough 229

Acronyms and Abbreviations

A F AATSR Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer FIT Lab Future Interaction Technologies Laboratory AHRC Arts and Humanities Research Council FIT Foundation in Information Technology ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations AWARD All Wales Alliance for Research and Development in health and social care G GARCH Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity B GENCAS Centre for Research into Gender in Culture and Society BAMS Biomolecular Analysis Mass Spectometry BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council H HABs Harmful Algal Blooms C HCSG Human Cancer Studies Group CAD Computer Aided Design HEFCW Higher Education Funding Council for Wales CALS Centre for Applied Language Studies HES Hospital Episode Statistics CASL Common Algebraic Specification Language HIPNet Heterogeneous IP Networks CCJC Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology HIRU Health Information Research Unit CDS Centre for Development Studies CEMA Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology I CERN European Centre for Nuclear Research IAT Institute of Advanced Telecommunications CHIRAL Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers CHRIS Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer IES Institute of Environmental Sustainability CLASSIC Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction Centre IGAPP Institute of Governance and Public Policy CMI Comité Maritime International. iLAB Information Laboratory CPD Continuing Professional Development ILO International Labour Organisation CRCCC Clinical Research Coordinating Centre Cymru ILS Institute of Life Science CREW Centre for Research into the English Literature and Language of Wales IMO International Maritime Organisation CSAR Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research IMS Institute of Mass Spectrometry CSG Constructive Solid Geometry INSTANT Integrated Storage Area Networks CSPT Conference for the Study of Political Thought IPPR Institute for Public Policy Research CT Computated Tomography IPR Intellectual Property Rights CTB Chernobyl Tissue Bank IRIS Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics Scout CVG Constructive Volume Geometry ISA Instruction Set Architecture ITF International Transport Workers Federation D DACE Department of Adult Continuing Education J DEM Discrete Element Methods JIML Journal of International Maritime Law DETR Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions DfID Department for International Development K DORI Department of Research and Innovation KEF Knowledge Exploitation Fund DTI Department of Trade and Industry KTP Knowledge Transfer Partnership DUETs Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments for Schizophrenia KYKNOS The Swansea, Lampeter and Exeter Centre for Research on Ancient Narrative Literature

E L EBSD Electron Backscatter Diffraction LADA Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults ECRF European Cinema Research Forum LHC Large Hadron Collider EEG Electroencephalogram LUCIFER Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for European Research ELWa Education and Learning Wales EOC Equal Opportunities Commission M EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council MDMA Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) ESA European Space Agency MEICAM Modern European Ideologies, Conflict and Memory ESDC Electronic Systems Design Centre MINI Mental Illness Needs Index ESF European Social Fund MINuET Multi-Institution Nurse Endoscopy Trial ESRC Economic and Social Research Council MIP Maximum Intensity Projection MNC Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre 230 Acronyms and Abbreviations Swansea University Breakthrough 231

MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MRC Medical Research Council Index MTAR Momentum-Threshold Autoregressive Modelling

N 02 74 Bache, Dr Martin 68 NCPP National Centre for Public Policy Aarts, Dr Gert 206 Bacterial pathobiology 183 NERC Natural Environment Research Council Academy of Wales 15 BAE Systems 55, 56, 83 NHS National Health Service Action Medical Research 97, 109 BAMS 97-98, 109, 186 NHSDW National Health Service Direct Wales Adams, Professor Mike 42, 43 Barddas 21 Adoption 122 Barnsley, Professor Mike 81 NHSMA National Health Service Modernisation Agency Adult Continuing Education, Department of 224-227 Basker, Dr David 23 NIACE National Institute of Adult Continuing Education Advocacy in Action 194 Baudrillard 13, 14, 15 NLIAH National Leadership and Innovation Agency for Healthcare After social carework 124 Baxter, Professor John 190 NMW National Minimum Wage Ageing research 123 Baylis, Professor John 142, 145, 156, 158 NPR Non-Photorealistic Modelling and Rendering Agilent Technologies 74 Bayliss, Rhiannon 121 AHRC 13, 14, 18, 24, 27, 99, 153, 154, 155, 161 BBSRC 96 O Airbus UK 55, 59 Beaton, Dr Alan 132 OPAN Older People and Ageing Research and Development Network Airport, intelligent 74 Beckmann, Dr Arnold 210 Airway, human 68 Bedani, Professor Gino 28 P Algae, harmful blooms 94 Beggs, Dr Edwin 208 PEDW Patient Episode Database Wales Algebra 201, 207, 208, 210; and Topology 218, Benton, Professor Gareth 132, 136 PEER Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and Research 220; symmetry 222 Berger, Dr Ulrich 209 All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour 115 Berry, Dr Joanne 146 PINE Predicting Impacts on Natural Ecosystems Allen, Dr Steve 192 Berry, Ron 21 PPARC Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council ALPHA 203 Bewley-Taylor, Dr David 143 PROBA-1 Project for On-Board Autonomy ALPS Electric UK 77 Bexfield, Dr Alison 96 PRRs Pattern Recognition Receptors American Studies, Department of 141, 142-145 Bibliography of Welsh Literature in English 21 American, Native 145 Bideleux, Robert 157, 158 Q Anafi 104 Big Bang Theory 205 QCD Quantum ChromoDynamics Anderson, Dr Soren 132, 135 Bilton, Dr Alan 143, 145 QGP Quark-Gluon Plasma Anger management 118 Biocomposites 67 Anglo-Norman, Hub 13, 27; settlements 154 Bioinformatics 184 R Antarctic 87, 88 Biological Science 81, 132 RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Anthopology 81, 102-104 Biology, reproductive 186 Antibiotics 191 RAS Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Biomathematics 184 Antidepressant 198 Biomechanics 138; Laboratory 139 RCP Royal College of Physicians Antihydrogen 202, 203 Biomedical research 183 REACH Radio-Fibre Enabled Access Highway Antimatter 201, 202, 203 Biopolymers 67 RHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Antiproton 202, 203 BioScience 107, 109 Antisocial behaviour 119 S Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Applied Linguistics 29-30 (see BBSRC) SCA Synchronous Concurrent Algorithm Applied Social Sciences, Department of 117, 118-125 Blackaby, Professor David 50-51 SESRG Sport and Exercise Research Group Aquaculture 93-96 Blagrove, Dr Mark 132, 137 SETA Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications Archaeology 146, 147, 149, 162 Blood clot research 61 SiC Silicon Carbide Arctic 87 BNFL Magnox 59 SMI Severe Mental Illness Armoni, Dr Adi 205 Boeing 56, 74 SoC System on Chip Arnold, Dr John 67 Bond, Dr Liz 96 STM Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Artesyn 75 Book Prescription Wales 198 STOP Straight Thinking On Probation Arts and Humanities Research Council (see AHRC) Bradbury, Dr Jonathan 157, 158 Arts Council of Wales 19, 22 Brain 130; chemistry 131, 132; and Behaviour SWCC South Wales Coalfield Collection Arts, School of 12-31; 20, 21, 31 Research Group 131; injury 131, 132 T ASEAN 162 Brain, Professor Paul 132 Assael, Dr Brenda 152 Breast Test Wales 198 TINA The INtelligent Airport Asthma 192 British Academy 13, 14, 107, 141, 152 TNI Transnational Institute Asylum 102-103 Britton, David 19 ATHENA 202, 203 Brocklehurst, Dr Helen 156, 157, 159, 161 U Atiyah, Professor Sir Michael 223 Brown, Dr Hilary 23, 25 UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Aull Davies, Dr Charlotte 102 Brown, Dr Rebecca 157, 159 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Autism 129 Brown, Professor Stephen 59 UTC University Technology Centre Axtmann, Professor Roland 156, 157 Brzezinski, Professor Tomasz 220, 221, 223 UWICAH University of Wales Institute of Classics and Ancient History BAA 74 Buchanan, Dr George 215 Babí, Antònia 29 Bullen, Dr Kate 132,136 232 Index Swansea University Breakthrough 233

Burgess, Professor Adrian 132 Church, Dr Amelia 129 Davies, Dr Ian 218 Environment and Society, School of the 80-103, 118, Burton, Sally 31 Cinema 14, 99 Davies, Dr Siwan 91 170, 204 Business and Economics, School of 32-51 Circadian Rhythm 136, 183 Davies, Dr Stevie 19, 22 Environmental research 64 Business, Department of 32-43 Civil and Computational Engineering Research Centre Davies, Professor Ceri 147, 163 Environmental/Energy Law Research Unit 172 Byron, Alfred Lord 16-17 55, 56, 71 Davies, Professor Iwan 167, 169, 170, 174, 175 Epidemiology 182 Byron, Reg 104 Clark, Professor Stuart 152 Davies, Professor Richard B (Vice-Chancellor) 4, 60 EPSRC 41, 54, 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 66, 70, 74, 75, Calculators 216, 217 Clarke, Dr Francis 222 De Cock, Professor Christian 38, 40 76, 77, 196, 197, 198, 210, 212, 217; National Callaghan Centre for the Study of Conflict 15, 141, Clarke, Professor David 99 Department of Health 107, 192 Mass Spectrometry Centre 186 151, 152, 156, 161 CLASSIC 82, 83, 90 Department of Trade and Industry 54, 75 Equal Opportunities Commission 49, 105 CALS 29-30 Classics, Ancient History and Egyptology, Department of Dependent Type Theory 209 Erasmus Mundus programme 13 Campbell, Dr Duncan 144 141, 146-151 Development Studies 81, 101 ERDF 93, 94 Cancer 182; Human Cancer Studies Group 185, 186, Claypole, Dr Timothy 62 Devolution 157, 158, 218 Ericsson 74, 75, 76 190; thyroid 188, 190, 191 Clement, Caryl 227 Diabetes 182; Research Unit 185; 195 ESF 105, 207 Canning, Dr Elaine 29 Clement, Professor Marc 10, 11, 190 Differential equations 201 ESRC 13, 15, 23, 29, 104, 107, 105, 125, 128, Carbon Trust 59, 65 Climate and Land-Surface Systems Interaction Centre 82 DIPLE 62 155, 157, 159, 161 Carr, Dr Peter 144 Clinical Research Coordinating Centre Cymru 114, 123 Discrete Element Methods 63 Europe, Eastern 47-48; Internal Market 177-178 Case, Dr Stephen 119 Clinical Trials Unit 11 Doel, Professor Marcus 99 European and Social Research Council (see ESRC) CASL 208 Coatings, high performance 66 Domestic violence 120 European Cinema Research Forum 13, 14 CeBR 41 Cockrill, Dr Antje 34-36 Donnelly, Dr Bebhinn 169 European Court of Justice 177 Celtic English 16 Cognition 117, 131-135, 138; Doran, Professor Nick 79 European Deep Computing Visualisation Centre 181 CEMA 141, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 162 Collins, Dr Alan 156, 159 Drugs, international policy 143 European Particle Physics Laboratory (see CERN) Central Bank 46 Colton, Professor Matthew 122, 123 Dudley, Dr Ed 97, 109 European Regional Development Fund (see ERDF) Centre for Applied Language Studies 29-30 Common Algebraic Specification Language 208 Dunnage, Dr Jonathan 28 European Social Fund (see ESF) Centre for Child Research 122, 135, 138, 172 Communism, fall of 47 Dunnett, Dr Jane 28 European Space Agency 55, 59, 82, 83 Centre for Commercial Law Studies 172 Complex Fluids and Complex Flows Portfolio Partnership Dunstan, Dr Peter 204 European Space Policy 161 Centre for Contemporary German Literature 23 61, 62, 195 Dunthorne, Dr Hugh 152 European Union 13, 54, 73, 81, 93; Law 167, 169; Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology 118 Composites, advanced 67 Dymond, Dr Simon 132, 135 181, 182 Centre for Development Studies 101 Computability 208 Dynamic Incentive Schemes 45 Evans, Dr Mark 160 Centre for e-Business Research 41 Computational Materials Science 59 Dyslexia 132 Evans, Dr Owen 14 Centre for Egyptology and Mediterranean Archaeology Computer Science, Department of 201, 207-217 EADS Astrium 83 Evans, Dr Sherrill 125 (see CEMA) Computers, self-diagnosing 68 Eating behaviour 136 Evans, Professor William J 55 Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation Condensation Theory 220 Economics 33; Department of 43-8; of Health and Exell, Dr Nigel 102 (see CHIRAL) Conference for the Study of Political Thought 162 Social Care 107, 110 Exercise Physiology Laboratory 139 Centre for Medieval and Modern Studies 13 Connon, Professor Derek 26, 27 Ecstasy 137 Experimental health 136 Centre for P450 Biodiversity 178 Constructive volume geometry 211 Eczema 192 Experimental Medicine Unit 185 Centre for Research into Gender in Society and Culture Continuing Professional Development 168 Edwards, Dr Michael 70 Expressionism 25 (see GENCAS) Cook, Dr Mark 137 Edwards, Dr Sian 29 Fatigue 54, 136 Centre for Research into the English Literature and Cook, Professor Steven 43, 44 Edwards, Dr Stephen 130 Femur, fracture modelling 68 Language of Wales (see CREW) Cooper, Andrew 135 Edwards, Professor Steven 110 Feng, Dr Yuntian 69 Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research 93-96 Corings 221, 222 EEG 117, 130, 132 Ffrancon, Dr Gwenno 14 Centre for the Study of Text, ethics and Forms of Juristic Corr, Professor Phillip 132, 135 Egypt, ancient 146, 149, 151, 162, 163 Fibrations 220 Discourse (Justword) 172 Corus 59, 66, 70 Egyptology 147, 148, 151, 162, 163 Film 14, 99 Centre for the Study of Wales and its Borderlands 141, Costigan, Ruth 169 El Niño 83 Finance 33, 42 155, 162 Crawley, Dr Heaven 103 Electromagnetics, computational 56 Fingerprint technology 69 Centre for Urban Theory 99 Creative and Media Writing 19-20 Electron Backscatter Diffraction 59 Finite Element 4, 59 Centre for Wittgensteinian Studies 163 CREW 13, 16, 18, 21-22, 31 Electronic Systems Design Centre 53, 57, 71 Finlayson, Dr Alan 157, 161 Centre of Excellence in Bio-Refining 11 Crime, youth and public opinion 119 Elliott, Jane 225 Fishery 92, 93 CERN 202, 203, 206 Criminal Justice Jersey 119 Elmirghani, Professor Jaafar 73, 79 FIT Lab 207, 214-216 Chambers, Dr Sam 20, 157, 160, 163, 165 Criminal Law 169; Justice 118, 169 ELWa 49, 105 Fitzpatrick, Dr Tess 30 Charles, Professor Nickie 102 Criminology 117, 118-121 Emergency and Unplanned Care Network 193 FLAVIIR 56 Charlton, Professor Mike 201, 202 Cross, Professor Mark 64 Employment tribunals 46 FLITE 55 Cheesman, Dr Tom 23-24, 26 Cryosphere 89 Encyclopaedia of Wales 19, 20, 21, 141 Flynn, Professor Kevin 94-95 Chen, Dr Jun 36 Customer service 34-37 Endoscopy 198 Ford, David 192 Chen, Professor Min 210- 214 Cyfrwng: Media Wales Journal 14 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council France, Professor John 153, 165 Chernobyl 188; Tissue Bank 188, 190, 191 D’Lima, Kate 227 (See EPSRC) Franklin, Dr Michael 17 Chern-Weil Theory 222 Dafydd ap Gwilym 22 Engineering, School of 52-71; Aerospace 53, 54-56; Franklin, Professor Caroline 16 Childhood Studies, Department of 117, 126-129 Dafydd, Dr Fflur 19 Chemical 53; Civil and Computational 53, Research Freescale 75 Children’s Commissioner for Wales 127 Data 207; management 212, 213; visualization 212- Centre 55, 56, 71; Electrical 53, Electronic Systems French, Department of 26-27; medieval 27 Children’s rights 121 214 Design Centre 53, 57, 71; Materials 53, Research Fulton, Professor Helen 17 CHIRAL 192-199 David & Christopher Lewis Foundation 37 Centre 54, 55, 59, 67, 69; Mechanical 53; 73 Funky Dragon 121 Choi, Professor Jinho 79 David Parry Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects 21 English, Department of 16-18 Gagen, Professor Derek 27, 29 CHRIS 83-84 Davies, Dr Arwel 169 Entrepreneurship 38-39 Gamble, Dr Sarah 20 234 Index Swansea University Breakthrough 235

Gastroenterology 193, 196 Hodgkin’s Disease 191 Johnes, Dr Martin, 152, 153, 162, 165 Lung, artificial 61 Gastrointestinal Tract Molecular Pathology Group 186, Hopkin, Professor Julian 181 Johnston, Professor Dafydd 22 Lytvynov, Dr Eugene 219 190 Hopkins, Anne 107 Jones, Dr Kathryn 27 MacDonald, Dr Stuart 169 Gauci, Dr Gotthard 169 Hopwood, Dr Mererid 22 Jones, Dr Mark 210-214 MacDonald, Professor Elizabeth 170 GENCAS 13, 16, 18, 20, 24, 151, 152 Hoskins, Dr Andrew 15 Jones, Dr Matt 215 Madsen, Dr Niels 202 Genetics 182, 185, 186 Hughes Davies, Dr Lloyd 28-29 Jones, Dr Stephanie 102 Maffeis, Dr Thierry 71 Geography 81, 105 Human Cancer Studies Group 185, 186, 190 Jones, Professor Tim 169, 173 Maggots 97, 109 Geometry, non-commutative 220 Human Resources, Organisations and Entrepreneurship Jones, Sir William 17 Mainwaring, Professor Lynn 169, 174 George, Professor David 28 Group 33, 38-39 Journal of International Maritime Law 171 MANSA 125 German, Department of 13, 23-25 Human Sciences, School of 117-139 Jurisprudence, Literary 177 Manufacturing technologies 58 Gerontology 123 Human-computer interface 201 Justword 172 Marhic, Professor Michel 79 Gill, Dr David 147, 162 Humanities, 13, 20, 21, 25, 31; School of 140-165 Kelbert, Dr Mark 219 Marketing 33, 34-38 Glaciology Group 87-89 Hunter, Professor Billie 114-115 Kenna, Professor Margaret 104 Markov Processes 218, 219, 220 Globalisation 100, 156, 157, 161 Huxley, Professor Peter 118, 125 King, Professor Sir David 60 Masters, Dr Ian 65 Gluons 199 Hybrid Electric Vehicles 57 Knowledge Exploitation Fund 192 Materials Research Centre 54, 55, 59, 67, 69 Goldberg, Barry 113 IAT 72-79 Knowledge Transfer Partnership 101 Mathematical Logic and Complexity Theory 210 Goodby, Dr John 17, 22 IBM 130, 181, 182; “Blue C” 11, 130, 181, 182, Koenig-Lewis, Dr Nicole 35, 37 Mathematics 73; Department of 201, 218-223 Goode, Mark 34-36 183, 184, 190, 193 Kop, Rita 226 Maw, Dr James 48 Grain boundary engineering 59 Ice sheet 85, 87, 88 Kullmann, Dr Oliver 210 Maynard, Dr Trisha 126-129, 138 Grant, Dr Philip, 210-214 Igic, Dr Peter 58 Kumar, Dr Prem 205 McCarroll, Professor Danny 90 Greece, ancient 146, 147, 148, 150, 163 Immunology 184 KYKNOS 141, 148 McHugh, Louise 135 Green, Professor Barbara 111 Independent Stylesheet Language Translation 214 La Niña 83 McMurray, Professor Neil 69, 70 Greenland 87, 91 Infinite state automata theory 209 Labour Economics Group 44-46 McNamee, Dr Mike 110, 112 Griffiths, Dr Merris 129 Information Systems 41 Lake, Dr Cynfael 22 McVeigh, Dr Stephen 144 Griffiths, Professor Lesley 114 Injection moulding 59 Lambert, Dr Susan 123 MDMA 137 Griffiths, Professor Ralph 155 Insects 96-97 Lamda User Controlled Infrastructure for European Meara, Professor Paul 30 Haemorheology 61 INSTANT 77 Research 77 Medem, Julio 14 Haines, Dr Brigid 24, 25 Institute for Health Research 107, 108, 112 Lancashire Quality of Life Profile 125 Media and Communication, Department of 14 Haines, Dr Kevin, 117, 118, 119, 121 Institute for Public Policy Research 103 Laramee, Dr Robert 210-214 Media Theory and History 15 Halikowski-Smith, Dr Stefan 153 Institute of Advanced Telecommunications 72-79 Large Deviation Theory 220 Medical Research Council 181, 190, 191, 193,194 Hall, Dr Geoff 30 Institute of Environmental Sustainability 84-86 Large Hadron Collider 206 Medicine, School of 53, 61, 180-199, 201, 204 Hall, Dr Katharina 24, 25 Institute of Governance and Public Policy 157 Large, Dr Duncan 24-25 MEICAM 24, 28 Hall, John 29 Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law 170, 171 Latreille, Dr Paul 50-51 Melling, Professor Philip 143 Halpin, Professor Andrew 169, 175, 176 Institute of Life Science 181, 182-183, 189, 190, 192 Lattice QCD Group 199 Memory 132, 133, 135, 137 Hands, Professor Simon 206 Institute of Linguists 13 Law, Dr John 153 Mental Health Research Network Cymru 193, 197 Harman, Dr Neal 209 Institute of Mass Spectrometry 94, 183, 186-187 Law, School of 118, 120, 122, 166-179; Commercial Mental Illness Needs Index 198 Harries, Byron 147 Insurance 42 and Maritime 167, 170, 172; European Union 167; Merrell, Professor Joy 111 Harrow, Dr Susan 20, 26, 27 Integrated Storage Area Networks 77 and Literature 167; Public 167, 169; International Trade Merrin, William 15 Harvey, Dr Geraint 38 Intellectual Property Rights 10 167, International 169; Criminal 169; of Obligations Michelbrink, Dr Markus 209 Hayes, Dr Colin 67 Intelligent Radio-Fibre Telematics Scout 74 170; Family and Child 170; and Language 175 Microbiology 185 Healey, Dr Dan 153, 165 Interactive computing 210 Lawler, Dr Phillip 46-47 Microelectronics 57 Health care 107; social organisation of 107, 111; Interactive teaching 128 Learning and Behaviour Group 135 Microstructural studies 59 philosophy of 107, 110; economics of 107, 110; International Labour Organisation 38 Lee, Dr Michelle 132, 136 Midwifery 107, 114, 115 promotion 107; informatics 107, 113; management International Transport Workers Federation 38 Left Ventricular Assist Device 190 Migration 102-103 107; psychology 136 Invernizzi, Dr Amtonella 121 Legal Theory 167, 169 Millennium 90 Health Information Research Unit 192, 197 Invertebrates 96-97 Legal Wales 168, 173-175 Milton, Dr Jim 30 Health Science, School of 106-115, 123 Iolanthe Midwifery Trust 115 Leverhulme Trust 23, 107, 141, 137, 147, 152, 155 Miskell, Dr Louise 154, 162 HEFCW 60, 130, 172, 224 IP Wales 168 Lewis, Dr Jill 153 Missiles 156, 161 Hemingway, Ernest 143 IRIS 74 Library of Wales 21 Mitra, Dr Aditee 94-95 Henley, Professor Andrew 33, 38 Irish America 104 Linguistics, Applied 29-30 Modern European Ideologies, Conflict and Memory (see Herbert McAvoy, Dr Liz 18 Isaac, Dr David 65 Literature, English (of Wales) 21; Welsh 22; German MEICAM) Herrmann, Dr Fritz-Gregor 147, 163 Italian, Department of 28 23-25; French 27; Italian 28; Hispanic 29; and Law Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology Group Heterogeneous IP Networks 75 ITWales 207 167, 178-179 185 Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (see JACIE 213 Lloyd, Professor Alan 148, 151 Monetary Policy 46 HEFCW) Jacob, Professor Niels 218, 223 Lloyd, Professor Keith 193 Mora, Dr Benjamin 210-214 HIPNET 75 James, Dr Christine 22 Logic, and algebraic methods 201, 207; Morello, Dr Nathalie 26 Hispanic Studies, Department of 28, 29 James, Dr Emma 102 constructive/non-constructive 209; temporal 209; modal Morgan, Dr Alex 128 History 13, Media 15; Middle Ages 17; Italian 28; Jenkins, Dr Gareth 190 209; complexity theory 210; Morgan, Professor Gareth 194 Latin-American 28; Department of 141, 152-155; early Jenkins, Dr Lynne 225 Lorenzo-Dus, Dr Nuria 30 Morgan, Professor John 148, 161 modern 141; ancient 149; economic 152; urban 152, Jenkins, Dr Victoria 169 Los, Dr Sietse 83 Morris, Steve 226 156; nuclear 158 Jenkins, Nigel 19, 20, 22 Low Pay Commission 45, 49 Morriston Hospital 61, 108, 130, 190 HIV 182 Jersey, criminal justice 119 Lucini, Dr Biagio 206 MOSFET 57 236 Index Swansea University Breakthrough 237

Mosley, Dr Adam 154 P450 184 Quality of life 124 Science Research Infrastructure Fund 84 Mosses, Professor Peter 208 Paediatrics 184 Quane, Dr Helen 169 Security Studies 156 Motor control 138 Palmer, Professor Adrian, 34-38 Quantum Field Theory 205 Seisenberger, Dr Monika 210 Motorola 74, 75, 76, 78-79 Parrott, Professor Andy 132, 137 QuantumChromoDynamics 205, 206 Semantics 208, 209 MRSA 97, 109, 191 Parry, Gwyn 169 Quark-Gluon Plasma 205, 206 Semiconductor 57, 58 Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre 58, 60-61, Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and Research 101 Quarks 205, 206 Service planning 123 71, 198 Particle Physics 201, 221 QuiLL 125 Setzer, Dr Anton 209 Multi-fracturing solids 62 Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (see Radiation 190 Sheehan, Professor Michael 156, 160 Multi-physics 64 PPARC) Radio-Fibre Enabled Access Highway 74 Shei, Dr Chris 30 Multi-scale modelling 64 Particulate media 62 RAE 2001 13, 29, 117, 118, 201 Shields, Dr Robin 94 Murphy, Professor Phil 46, 50-51 Pastur, Professor Leonid 220 Randle, Professor Valerie 59 Sienz, Dr Johann 59 Murray, Professor Tavi 88-89 Patient Episode Database Wales 195 Ransing, Dr Rajesh 68 Simintiras, Professor Antonis 34 Nanotechnology 53, 58, 60-61, 201, 204 Pattern recognition receptors 96, 97 Ratcliffe, Professor Norman 96-97, 109 Simon, Professor Barry 223 Naqvi, Dr Asad 205 PEER 101 Raynor, Professor Peter 118-120 Singleton Hospital Trust 68, 98, 108 NASA 56 Penguins 92 REACH 74 Sira Electro-Optics 83 National Assembly for Wales 44, 94, 102, 105,168, Penhallurick, Dr Rob 16, 22 Reaching Higher Reaching Wider 224 Skilton, Louise 49 174 Perry, Alison 170 Recycling 64 Sleep 117, 130, 132, 136 National Centre for Public Policy 105, 170 Peter Winch Archive 165 Red Tides 94 Sloane, Professor Peter 50-51 National Health Service (see NHS) Petroleum reservoir simulation 70 Reed, Professor Phil 135 Smith, Dr Jonathan 28 National Minimum Wage 45 Phelan, Dr Craig 145 Reeve, Neil 18 Smith, Dr Mark 156, 157, 161 National Museum of Wales 24 Phillips, Professor Ceri 108, 110 Reggio Emilia 127, 128 Smith, Dr Richard 99, 100 National Prevention Research Initiative 194 Phillips, Professor Judith 118, 123, 125 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory 132 Snell, Professor Jukka 169, 177 National Waterfront Museum 162 Philosophy, Department of 141; of Health Care 107, 110 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 206 Snooks, Professor Helen 193 Natural Environment Research Council (see NERC) PHOSPHOROUS 77 Renaissance, Italian 153 Social and Epidemiological Psychiatry Group 185 NERC 82, 91, 93 Physical Sciences, School of 53, 200-223 Research and Innovation, Department of 10-11 Social Carework Research Centre 125 Neurofeedback 132, 136 Physics, 73, Department of 201, 202-206 Research Council UK Academic Fellowships 71 Social Sciences 20, 117 Neuropsychology 117, 131, 132 Physiology 132 Research Support Office 10 Sociology 81, 102-105, medical 114 Neuroscience 117, 130, 131, 133 Placenta 189 Returns to education 45 Solar power 57 Newton, Professor Russ 97, 98, 109 Play 117, 126-127 Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes models 55 South Wales Coalfield Collection 31, 164 NF-kappaB 190 Politics and International Relations, Department of 15, Rhind Papyrus 223 Soyer, Dr Baris 170, 171 NHS 107, 111; Wales 107, 108, 113; 181; 141, 156-161, 163, 165 Richard Burton Centre 13, 31 Speight, Professor Alan 43 Modernisation Agency 193; 195, NHS Direct Wales Pollard, Dr Nigel 149, 162 Richard Burton Collection 31, 141, 164 Sport, drugs in 112 197 Polymer Processing Simulation and Design group 58, 59 Richards, Alun 21 Sports and Exercise Research Group 117, 138 Ní Mheallaigh, Dr Karen 148, 163 Pool Treatment Advisory Group 67 Rihll, Dr Tracey 160, 162 Sports Science, Department of 117, 138-139 Nicotine 137 Porter, Dr Joy 145, 165 Rodgers, Dr Catherine 26 Spurr, Professor John 154, 155, 165 Nietzsche, Friedrich 24-25 Pörtner, Dr Regina 154 Rodríguez Martínez, Patricia 29 Statistics 33, 219, 220 Nigam, Dr Yamni 97, 109 Powell, Dr Anton 149 Roggenbach, Dr Markus 208 Stem cells 189 Nikaki, Dr Theodora 170 Power Electronics 57 Rolls-Royce 55, 56, 59, 71; University Technology Stochastic Processes 218 Nithiarasu, Dr Perumal 68 PPARC 205, 206 Centre 54 Stone, Dr Rob 14 Noctiluca 94, research vessel 95-96 Practitioner Research 107, 111 Romanticism 16-18 Stray, Dr Christopher 151 North, Dr Peter 82 Preece, Jean 227 Rome, ancient 146, 147, 149, 160, 161 String Theory 205, 206 Northern Ireland, peace dividend 46 Pretzler, Dr Maria 160, 162, 163 Roper, Professor Jon 142, 145 Strings and Spacetime 205 Notational Analysis Laboratory 139 Price, Dr Neil 101 Rothwell, Professor Andrew 26 Substance abuse 120 Nuclear, arms 156 Printing and Coating 62 Rowlands, Ifor 154, 165 Sugano test 63 Numerical modelling 68 Privatisation 47-48 Royal Historical Society 144 Supercomputer, IBM “Blue C” 11, 130, 181, 182, Nunez, Dr Carlos 205 PROBA-1 83-84 Royal Society 181, 206, 220; Industrial Fellowship 71; 183, 184, 190, 193 Nursing 107, 108 Probability 219 Research Unit 180; University Research Fellowships 71 Svalbard Lidar Campaign 88 O’Leary, Dr Nigel 50-51 Probiotic supplements 192 Royal Society of Arts 215 Sverige Riksbank 43 Obesity 182 Project for On-Board Autonomy 83-84 Rush Rees Archive 163, 164 Swansea NHS Trust 189 Offenders, Black and Asian 119, 120 Proof Theory 209, 221 Rydberg, positronium atom 203 Swansea, Lampeter and Exeter centre for Research on Older People and Ageing Research and Development PSPICE 57 SABER 57 Ancient Narrative Literature (see KYKNOS) Network 123 Psychiatry, molecular 185 Sagar, Dr Tracey 120, 122 Swanturbines 65 Oncology 185 Psychology, Department of 117, 130-137; applied to Sarson, Dr Steve 154 Sweden, financial services sector 42-43 OPAN 123 health and medicine 136; Occupational 137 Satellite, Envisat 82; sensor technology 83; climate Symmetric Group Character Theory 222 Optical systems 73 Psychopharmacology 185 research 85, 86 System-on-Chip Applications 57 Options Consultancy Services 101 Psychophysiological measurement laboratory 117, 130 Satisfiability Problem 210 Systems, hierarchy 209 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe Public Law 167, 169 Saunders, Dr Jo 135 Szpakowska, Dr Kasia 151 105 Public Policy 105, 112, 157, 164 Schizophrenia 130, 132, 135; Effects of Treatments Tawe Riverside Outdoor Project 126, 127 Organisational Studies 33 Pudner, Heather 225 191 Taylor, Professor Robert 191 Oshlyansky, Lidia 216 Pursglove, Glynn 18 Schneider, Professor Thomas 150, 161, 165 Technium 10, 11, 61, 169, 172, 182 Owen, Professor Roger 64 QCD 205, 206 Schocker, Dr Manfred 222, 223 Telecommunications 73-79 Owens, Dr Eddie 149, 162 QGP 205, 206 Schramme, Dr Thomas 110 Telle, Professor Helmut 202 238 Index

ten Hacken, Dr Pius 30 162, 165 The publishers gratefully acknowledge the support of all the staff who have contributed their time and Thimbleby, Professor Harold 215-217 Water Research Group 67; quality management 94 guidance to this edition of Swansea University Breakthrough. Thimbleby, Will 216-217 Watkins, Professor James 139 Thomas, Dr Gerry 188, 191 Wave Dragon project 58 Many thanks in particular to Mark Jones (Department of Research and Innovation), Professor Caroline Franklin and Thomas, Dr Nigel 127, 128 Weatherill, Professor Nigel 6, 53, 60 Debbie Rideout (Arts), Professor Phil Murphy (Business and Economics), Dr Alyce von Rothkirch (DACE), Professor Nigel Weatherill and Ruth Bunting (Engineering), Professor Marcus Doel (Environment and Society), Andrea Jones (Health Thomas, Dylan 17, 21 Wellcome Trust 107, 181 Science), Dr Kevin Haines, Dr Trisha Maynard and Dr Emmanuel Pothos (Human Sciences), Bev Evans (Humanities), Mari Thomas, Phil 169 WELMERC 33, 44, 49-51 Hooson (IAT), Professor Andrew Halpin and Gaynor Paterson (Law), Sabiha Hussain (Medicine), and Professor Simon Thomas, Professor M Wynn 18, 21, 226 Welsh Academy 19, 21, 22 Hands, Professor Aubrey Truman, Professor Harold Thimbleby and Linda Andrews (Physical Sciences). Thomas, Professor Rhidian 171 Welsh Assembly Government 11, 21, 41, 49, 62, 73, Thompson, Professor Noel 141, 154, 165 93, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 118, 121, 123, The publishers also gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr Jarmila Davies and the Knowledge Exploitation Thornton, Professor Ian 133, 134 136, 138, 168, 172, 173, 174, 181, 182, 198 Fund, Welsh Assembly Government. ThrustSSC 55 Welsh, Language Board 13; English Archive 16; poetry Tidal energy 65 17, 22; Department of 22; Books Council 22; Photographic credits include Phil Boorman, Ken Dickinson and Photodrome. Time Series Econometrics 43-44 language 51; Institute for Sustainable Environments 93, Image of Esther Dischereit on page 23 © Noel Tovia Matoff, Berlin. TINA 74 94; in Law 174; Welsh Economy Labour Market Image on page 52 courtesy of Rolls Royce PLC Todd, Paul 170 Evaluation and Research Centre (see WELMERC); Office Images on page 71 courtesy of Corus Tourism 37 of Research and Development 123 Image on page 166 courtesy of Colin Palmer, www.buyimage.co.uk Toyota 57 Western, American 144 Image on page 200 courtesy of Hubble Space Telescope Traffic Wales 74 Whitehead, Professor Maurice 155 Image on page 206 courtesy of CERN Tree ring 85 Wilks, Professor Steve 60-61 Trotman, Professor Colin 224 Williams, Dr Alison 27 Swansea University Breakthrough is produced by Tschichold, Dr Cornelia 30 Williams, Dr Daniel 18, 21, 226 Tucker, Dr Phil 136 Williams, Dr Ieuan 163 The Marketing Department Tucker, Professor John 207 Williams, Dr Karen 38 Swansea University Tucker, Professor Paul 71 Williams, Dr Paul 71 Singleton Park Turbine 54, 65 Williams, Jane 169, 173 Swansea Turbulence 218 Williams, Professor Chris 155, 161, 165 SA2 8PP Turner, Dr David 155 Williams, Professor David 212 Turner, Dr John 18 Williams, Professor Kevin 13, 15, 31 Telephone +44 (0)1792 602008 UK Sport 107, 110, 112 Williams, Professor Melanie 169, 178, 179 Email: [email protected] University of Wales Institute of Classics and Ancient Williams, Professor Michael 41 History (see UWICAH) Williams, Professor Rhodri 61, 62 Compiled and edited by Chris Marshall Urban networks 100 Williams, Professor Rhys 23, 25 Designed by Adrian Rees Printed in Wales by MWL Ltd, Units 10 – 13 Pontyfelin Industrial Estate, New Inn, Pontypool NP4 0DQ Urban theory 99 Williams, Professor Richard 170 Publication date: September 2006 UWICAH 146, 149, 151 Williams, Raymond 21 UWS Ventures 10 Wilson, Professor Rory 86, 92 A Welsh language version of this publication will be published online at www.swansea.ac.uk. van der Werf, Dr Dirk 202 WISE 93, 94 Vanstone, Dr Maurice 118 Wittgenstein 141, 163, 164, 169, 170 VARGA 29 Wollstonecraft, Mary 16-17 Verstraeten, Dr Edwin 132, 137 Woodward, Clare 227 VESEL 76 Woodward, Nick 154 Vice-Chancellor, Professor Richard B Davies 4, 60 Workforce 123 Vietnam 142, 143 World Health Organisation 188 Village E-Science for Life 76 Worsley, Dr David Worsley Visual cognition 133, 134 Writemedia 74 Visual computing 210 Wu, Dr Jiang-Lun 218, 219 Visualization 201 Youngs, Dr Deborah 154, 165 Volcano 91 Youth crime 118 Volkmann, Dr Christina 38 Zienkiewicz, Professor Olek 4 Volume graphics 201, 210-212 von der Ruhr, Dr Mario 163 von Rothkirch, Dr Alyce 225 Vougas, Dr Dimitrios 43, 44 Wales, Encyclopaedia of 19, 20, 21, 147; Library of Copyright notice 21; European Funding Office 33; Tourist Board 37; Centre for Health 108, 110; devolved governance Swansea University is the public name of the University of Wales Swansea, a constituent institution of the University of 102; International Centre for Childhood Studies 122; Wales. Unless otherwise stated, all material in this publication is copyright and may not be reproduced without the Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience 130, 133; permission of the Marketing Department, Swansea University. jurisdiction 169, 173; Journal of Law and Policy 170 Waller, Dr Tim 127 Swansea University has taken reasonable care to ensure that it has not knowingly infringed any copyright. If it is Walters, Dr Patrick 227 suspected that any images or content in this publication infringe copyright, please write to the Marketing Department, War 15, 46, 142-144, 149, 152, 153, 157, 159- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP. Swansea University acknowledges all trademarks.