CENSUS OF INDIA 1991

a­ IPllft.!

Dr. M. VIJAYANUNNI of the Indian Administrative Service . Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Registrar General of India (In charge of the census of India and vital statistics)

Office Address: 2A Manslngh Road New Delhi 110011, India

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© Registrar General of India

The contents of thiS publication may be quoted cltmg the source clearly PREFACE

"To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And etemity in an hour"

Such as described in the above verse would be the graphic outcome of the effort to consolidate the district-level data relating to all the distncts of a state or the union territories into a single tome as is this volume. This publication IS part of the State and District Profile series of the 1991 census and is brought out in continuation of the State Profile 1991 India volume, to serve as a handy reference compendium of the district­ level data from the 1991 census.

The data in this volume comprises 41 tables arranged in 12 sections and preceded by a map showing the constituent districts The 12 sections are General Data, Population Structure, Nuptiality, Fertility and Child Mortality, Literacy and Education, Work Participation, Migration, Religion, Language, Housing and Household Amenities, Urban Agglomerations, Cities and Towns and an overall Population Scenario of the Past and Present. '

The first section presents the basic administrative data like area, number of districts, tahsifs, development blocks, towns and villages, population, number of households, density, per cent decadal variation, sex ratio, per cent of urban population and inhabited villages classified population size. The second section on population structure gives the distribution of population by age and sex, the ratio of children to women and the dependency ratio of young people of age 0 to 14 years as well as old people of age 60 plus to those in the working age group 15 to 59 years.

The third section on nuptiality presents certain selected indicators on female nuptiality, proportion of married females and the proportions of married, widowed and divorced or separated among the aged.

The fourth section on fertility and child mortality presents data on the number of children per woman at the completion of the reproductive period, the crude birth rate, total fertility rate and child mortality rate.

The fifth section on literacy and education gives selected indicators on literacy and education, literacy rates for selected age groups by sex, distribution of literates by educational level, distribution of females in the reproductive age group by educational level and the percentages of child workers attending school. '

The sixth section on work participation contains tables on the main workers and marginal workers in selected age groups and the percentage distribution of main workers by educational level, by industrial category, by industrial and occupational classifications and of non-workers by main activity.

The seventh section on migration presents the district-level data available on migration viz. in-migrants by place of birth and place of last residence.

The eighth section on religion gives the data on the six numerically biggest religions in each district. The ninth section on language contams data on the distribution of population by language as well as the speaker-strengths of the numerically largest languages and mother tongues arranged in descending order. This will give a graphic picture of the language profile of the district which is not easily available anywhere else.

The tenth section on housing and household amenities presents the data on the distribution of households by type of house occupied and the availability of electricity, drinking water and tOilet facilities to households

The eleventh section gives the details of urban agglomerations, cities and towns like their population, sex ratio, literacy rate and work participation rates.

The twelfth selection tops off the tables giving the population scenario at the district level based on the censuses after independence starting with the 1951 census till 1991 Since the population projections for the future are not available at the distnct­ ievel, the future population scenariO, though available at the national and state levels, could not be given at the district level This section gives the district-level data for 1951, 1961,1971 and 1981 as recast as per the 1991 jurisdiction of the districts The tables present the data on population, per cent decadal variation in population, annual exponential growth rate, sex ratio and the urban population for the period 1951-91 which Will come in extremely handy for convenient reference at one place.

The District Profile series of which this volume is a part is the fruitful outcome of over two years of intensive and sustained work to cull out and put together all the available district-level data feasible of presentation here It is hoped that this will serve as a handy reference source to a wide spectrum of data users like policy planners, administrators, scholars and researchers.

December 1998 Dr. M. Vijayanunni New Delhi Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India

iv CONTENTS Page Preface iii Concepts and definitions vii Map of Kerala xi LIST OF TABLES General Data - State and Districts 1 Area, Number of Tahslls, C D Blocks, Towns and Villages, 1991 2 2 Population and Number of households, 1991 4 3 Density, Per cent decadal variation, Sex ratio and Percentage of urban 6 population, 1991 4 Distncts ranked according to Area, Population and Density, 1991 7 5. Number of Inhabited villages classified by population Size, 1991 8

Population Structure 6. Distribution of Population by Age and Sex, 1991 12 7. Child-woman ratios, 1991 16 8 Dependency ratios, 1991 17

Nuptiality 9 Selected indicators on Female Nuptiallty, 1991 20 10. Proportion of Marrred females In selected age groups, 1991 22 11 Proportions of Marned, Widowed and Divorced/Separated among the 23 aged by sex, 1991

Fertility and Child Mortality 12 Number of children ever born and Number of children surviving 26 per ever marned woman In the age group 45-49 years, 1991 13 Crude Birth Rate and Total Fertility Rate, 1991 27 14 Child Mortality Indicators, 1991 28

literacy and Education 15 Selected indicators on Literacy and Education, 1991 30 16 Literacy rates for selected age groups by Sex, 1991 34 17 Dlstnbutlon of literates by Educational level, 1991 38 18 Distribution of females In the age group 15-44 years by Educational 42 level,1991 19 Number of children In the age group 10-14 years and the proportion 44 among them attending school, 1991

v ~'_;:"I k i:- ~rticipation ~)opulatlon and Proportion of Main workers and Marginal workers In 48 selected age groups, 1991 :21 Distribution (In per cent) of main workers by Educational Level, 1991 56 'n D,stnbution (In per cent) of main workers by Industrial category, 1991 60 23 Distribution (In per cent) of main workers by National Industrial 64 ClasSification, 1991 ~:4 Distribution (In per cent) of main workers by Occupational 66 Classification, 1991 25 Distribution (in per cent) of non workers by main activity, 1991 68

Migration /6 Ir-mlgrants by Place of Birth, 1991 72 27. In-migrants by Place of Last residence with duration of residence 0-9 74 years, 1991

Religion 28 SIX numerically biggest religions arranged In descending order of the 78 number of followers, 1991

Language 29 Distribution of population by Scheduled Languages, 1991 82 30. Numerically biggest L~n9uages arranged In descending order of the 84 number of speakers, 1991 31 Numerically biggest Mother Tongues arranged In descending order of 92 the number of speakers, 1991

Housjng and Household Amenities 32 Distribution of households,by Type of House occupied, 1991 102 33 Availability of Electricity, Safe drinking water and Toilet facilities to 104 Households, 1991

Urban Agglol11erations, Cities and Towns 34 Urban agglomerations, Cities and Towns and their population, 1991 109 35 Number of Urban agglomerations, Cities and Towns classified by 116 population size, 1991 36 Sex ratio, literacy rates and work participation rates In Urban 119 Agglomerations, Cities and Towns, 1991 37 Distribution (in per cent) of main workers in Urban Agglomerations, 126 Cities and Towns by industrial category, 1991

Population Scenario - Past and Present 38 Population, 1951-91 142 39 Per cent decadal variation In population and average annual 143 exponential growth rate, 1951-91 40, Sex ratio (number of females per 1,000 males), 1951-1991 144 41. Urban population and Its proportion to total population, 1951-1991 145

VI CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

General Data Village The basIc Unit for rutal areas is the revenue Village which has definite surveyed boundaries The revenue village may comprise several hamlets but the entire Village IS treated as one Unit for presentation of data In un?urveyed areas, like Villages within forest areas, each habitation area With locally recognized boundaries within each forest range officer's beat IS treated as one village. Town The follOWing are treated as towns. (a) Statutory towns, i.e., muniCipal corporation, muniCipal board, cantonment board, notified area, etc .. (b) Census towns which are non-statutory towns and are actually rural areas but satisfy the follOWing criteria: (I) Minimum population of 5,000 (II) Density of populatton of at least 400 per sq km. (IIi) Seventy-five per cent of the male working population engaged In non agncultural actIVity. City Towns With population of 1,00,000 and above are called cities. Urban Agglomerations Sometimes two or more towns may be contiguous to each other making it necessary to consider them together for studies on urbanisation in the area. In some other cases there are large railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps, etc., Just outside the statutory limits of a town but adjoining it Though these areas may .....t themse4ves qualify to be treated as towns, it would be realistiC to treat them as urban Such areas are termed as 'outgrowths'(O.G ) and may cover the whole or part of a village. The above two types of contiguous urban areas are called 'Urban Agglomerations'. An urban agglomeration may comprise (a) A town and contiguous outgrowths, or (b) Two or more towns and their outgrowths, If any; all of them forming a contiguous spread of urban area. Household A group of persons who commonly live together and take food from a common kitchen unless eXigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. A household may contain persons related to each other, unrelated persons or both Boarding houses, hostels, messes, rescue homes, orphanages, Jails etc., are examples of households compriSing of unrelated persons only and are termed institutional households. Population structure

Age Age is measured In terms of the completed number of years. Nuptiality Never married A person who has never been mamed at any ttme before. Marriedl Currently A person whose marriage is subSisting with spouse living. It may be the first or married subsequent marriage of either of the persons. Persons who are recognized by custom or society as married 3nd persons in stable de facto union are also considered as married Widowed A person whose spouse is dead and who has not been married again.

vii Divorced or separated A person who has been separated from the spouse and is living apart with no apparent intention of living together again or who has been divorced either by decree of a law court or by accepted social or religious custom but who has not been remarried. Duration of marriage Duration of marriage has been derived as the difference between the age and age at marriage.

Fertility and Child Mortality

The estimates presented In this section have been obtained uSing the data on number of children ever born and number of children surviving to ever married women and the births dunng the year prior to census to currently married women In some cases the underlying assumptions tor applying the estimation procedures may not be valid, specifically in areas where there has been significant fall In the levels of fertility or child mortality in recent period In view of this, the estimates presented in this section should be used with caution. Crude Birth Rate Ratio of the number of births in a year to the mid year population, normally expressed per 1000 population Total Fertility Rate It IS obtained as the total of the age specific fertility rates (number of children born per woman of the particular age) for the entire reproductive age span. It provides the average number of children that Will be born to a woman under the fertility levels Indicated by the age specific fertility rates assuming that there is no mortality of women till the completion of reproductive penod. Probability of dYing between birth and age 1. This can be used as approximate value of Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) which gives the ratio of number of deaths in a year of children aged less than one year to the number of births in that year. Probability of dYing between birth and age 2 Probability of dying between birth and age 5. This indicator IS also known as Under Five Mortality Rate (USMR)

Literacy and Education Literate A person who can read and write In any language IS literate A person who can merely read but cannot write IS not literate. It is not necessary that the person should have received any formal education or should have passed any minimum educational standard. All children of age below seven years have been treated as Illiterate even though some of them may be attending schools and may be able to read and write a few words. Literacy Rate Literacy rate of the population IS defined as the percentage of literates In the age group seven years and above. For different age groups the percentage of literates In that age group gives the literacy rate. Educational level The highest level of education a person has completed

Work Participation Work Participation in any economically productive actiVity. Work may be physical or mental in nature It Involves not only actual work but also effective supervision and direction of work. . Main worker A person who has worked for a major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration, I e., one who was engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days or more, Ie, SIX months or more, in the prevIous year Marginal worker A person who has done some work In the year preceding the date of enumeratto,n, but does not qualify tp be called a 'main worker', i.e, period of

viii work IS less than 183 days Non worker A person who has not worked at all In the year precedIng the date of enumeration Cultivator A person engaged as employer, single worker or family worker In cultivation of undernoted crops on land owned or held from government or pnvate persons or institutions for payment In money kind or share Cultivation Includes supervIsion or direction of cultivation Cultivation Includes ploughing sowing and harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, Jowar, bajra, ragl, etc, and pulses, raw Jute and kindred fiber crop, cotton, etc Cultivation does not Include growing of frUits and vegetables, keeping orchard or groves or working In plantations like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona and mediCinal plants

Agricultural labourer A person who works In another person's land for wages In cash kind or share crop IS regarded as an agncultural labourer Such a person has no risk In cultivation but merely works In another person's land for wages and has no nght of lease or contract on the land on which he works Household Industry An Industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or Within the Village In rural areas and Within the precincts of the house where the household lives In urban areas It should be smaller than the scale of a registered factory and should be engaged In manufactunng, processing, servicing and repairs of goods

Migration Migrant Data on migrants are available by two different concepts as given below' Migrants by place of bllth Persons who were born outside the Village or town/ urban agglomeration of enumeration Migrants by place of last residence Persons who were living outside the Village or town/ urban agglomeration of enumeration Language Language As per the census concept, each language IS a group of mother tongues The and census questionnaire collects information on the mother tongue of each person Mother tongue and mother tongue is defined as the language spoken In childhood by the person's mother to the person The mother tongues returned by the respondents In census were classified and grouped under appropnate languages according to their lingUistic charactenstlcs Mother tongues with 10,000 or more speakers at ali-India level are presented separately under the relevant language, while those mother tongues which returned less than 10,.000 speakers each and which were claSSified under a particular, language are Included In "others" under that language The total number of languages so arrived at IS 114, compnslng of 18 languages Included In t~e E:~hth Schedule to the Constitution of India (Scheduled Languages) and 96 other languages not Included In the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India (Non-scheduled Languages) There IS a total of 216 identified mother tongues which returnE;!d 10,000 or more speakers each at ali-India level consisting of 85 mother tongues grouped under the 18 Scheduled Languages and 131 mother tongues grouped under the 96 Non- scheduled Lang,uages Housing and Household Amenities Permanent houses , . Houses In which both wall and roof are made of permanent matenals Matenal of wall can be burnt bncks, GI sheets or other metal sheets, stone or cement

IX concrete. Roof may be made of tiles, slate, shingle, corrugated Iron, zinc or other metal sheets, asbestos cement sheets, bricks, lime and stone, stone and RBC/RCC or concrete Semi- permanent Houses In which either wall or roof is made of permanent materials and the houses other is made of temporary matenal Temporary houses Houses in which both wall and roof are made of materials which have to be replaced frequently Wall may be made of grass, leaves, reeds, bamboo, mud, un-burnt bricks or wood Roof may be made from grass, leaves, :Jamboo, thatch, un-burnt bricks or wood. Serviceable temporary Temporary houses in which wallis made of mud, un-burnt bricks or wood houses Non-serviceable Temporary houses In which wall is made of grass, leaves, reeds or bamboo. temporary houses Safe drinking water If the source of dnnklng water IS tap, hand pump or tube well then it has been termed as safe drinking water. It may be noted that this definition is not comprehenSive.

x <. f, -r '- l.r'):. "l'_: KERALA i... DISTRICTS 1991 KASARAGOD \ r.r ...... \ \. BOUNDARIES: STATE /UNIONTERRfTORY.... _._._._ -'". >-'"\ .., DISTRICT...... _._._,_ KANNUR" + STATE CAPITAL .... .].- ...... ~ ..-... r- \ . .,,', '\..\ MAHE ../'" WAYANAD --'; ~? 'y , ~. (' ~ ~''\o--' KOZHIKODI "'-''''L ,; i )' ..... " .._, ...... ~ ''\ ._./ ~ .., ".',., .• .,_...... J _j IlALAPPUAAM \. '", .J ( .;(. r':P ~ . f C J ...... v'... . ,....I PALAKKAD -', '"'lJ i. i- _,.' '- ~ ...... ,. N / 0 ~.> A o THRiSSUR " '"'\...... ii ...... ;_-? ...... -. ""'-.J'. __.J~:" / \~ I ",_, I c...... i ERNAKULAM ...r:).:. "~. }- IDUKKI ,/ \~ { . ,."'~'y .- ...... "\. ~ , , KOTTAYAM ''-\ f ~ ""_''VI (. ) "',,\.1\ ,...... ~.1 ." , ...., r o - ,J .r-.....J '\ • ) "-...... ! (.I ALAPP\JZKA PATHANAMTHITTA t ...... ( ! \ J'; ,.... ) c '_ L . ....J"" J' ...... '\, ...... ,.{# KOLLAM \ ,.... -. '.) _ J \.'\.,..,,, ; '...... ",. < THIRUVANA~ PUIWI \ J~. ) TRfVAHDRfAi· ._~

Based upon Survey 01 India map with the permission © Government 01 India copynght. 1998. nf the Surveyor General of India

The temtonal waters of India extend Into Ihe sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropnate base line GENERAL DATA­ STATE AND DISTRICTS TABLE 1: AREA, NUMBER. OF TAHSILS,

District Area (In sq.km ) Number of Number of Total Rural Urban Taluks Dev Blocks 2 3 4 5 6

Kerala 38,863 35,498 3,365 61 151

1 Kasaragod 1,992 1,887 105 2 4 2. Kan(1ur 2,966 2,319 647 3 9 3 Wayar.ad 2,131 2,097 34 3 3 4. Kozhikode 2,344 2,004 340 3 12 5. Malappuram 3,550 3,378 172 4 14 6 Palakkad 4,480 4,258 222 5 12 7 Thrissur 3,032 2,731 301 5 17 '8 Ernakulam 2,407 1,863 544 7 5 @ 9 Idukki 5,019 4,952 67 4 8 @ 10 Kottayam 2,203 2,034 169 5 11 11. Alappuzha 1,414 1,126 288 6 12 $ 12 Pathanamthitta 2,642 2,542 100 5 9 $ 13 KoJlam, 2,491 2,373 118 5 13 14. Thiruvanantti~puram 2,192 1,935 257 4 12

@ 2 C 0 Blocks spread over to neighbouring districts $ 1 C 0 Block spread over to neighboUring districts

2 C.D. BLOCKS, TOWNS AND VILLAGES, 1991

Number of Towns Number of Villages District Total Statutory Census Total Inhabited Uninhabited 7 8 9 10 11 12

197 66 131 1,384 1,384 Kerala

6 2 4 116 116 1 Kasaragod 45 7 38 78 78 2. Kannur 1 1 48 48 3. Wayanad 18 2 16 87 87 4 Kozhikode 5 5 123 123 5 Malappuram 9 5 4 155 155 6 Palakkad 40 7 33 209 209 7. Thrissur 28 12 16 89 89 8. Emakulam 2 2 65 65 9 Idukki 8 6 2 90 90 10 Kottayam 14 5 9 75 75 11 Alappuzha 4 4 64 64 12. Pathanamthltta 7 3 4 92 92 13. Kallam 10 5 5 93 93 14. Thiruvananthapuram

3 TABLE 2: POPULATION AND NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, 1991

Distnct Total! Population Number of Rural! Persons Males Females households Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6

Kerala Total 29,098,518 14,288,995 14,809,523 5,513,200 Rural 21,418,224 10,512,788 10,905,436 4,102,167 Urban 7,680,294 3,776,207 3,904,087 1,411,033

1. Kasaragod Total 1,071,508 528,803 542,705 181,667 Rural 895,282 442,648 452,634 152,107 Urban 176,226 86,155 90,071 29,560

2. Kannur Total 2.251,727 1,098,838 1,152,889 371,221 Rural 1,106,251 545,613 560,638 193,086 Urban 1,145,476 553,225 592,251 178,135

3. Wayanad Total 672,128 341,958 330,170 134,654 Rural 649,179 330,174 319,005 129,927 Urban 22,949 11,784 11,165 4,727

4 Kozhikode Total 2,619,941 1,292,765 1,327,176 456,673 Rural 1,615,444 796,383- 819,061 293,134 Urban 1,004,497 496,382 508,115 163,539

5. Malappuram Total 3,096,330 1,508,280 1,588,050 477,292 Rural :2,813.876 1,369,418 1,444,458 434,287 Urban 282,454 138.862 143,592 43,005

6. Palakkad Total 2,382,235 1,155,822 1,226,413 444,998 Rural 2,007,658 972,765 1,034.893 375,312 Urban 374,577 183,057 191,520 69,686

7 Thnssur Total 2,737,311 1,312.683 1,424,628 522,059 Rural 2,017,095 964,593 1,052,502 386,617 Urban 720,216 348,090 372,126 135,442

8 Ernakulam Total 2,817,236 1,408,649 1,408,587 555,657 Rural 1,444,059 722,730 721,329 286,022 Urban 1,373,177 685,919 687.258 269,635

9 Idukkl Total 1,078,066 545,872 532,194 232,995 Rural 1,027,185 520,308 506,877 222,481 Urban 50,881 25,564 25.317 10,514

10. Kottayam Total 1,828,271 912,860 915,411 361,813 Rural 1,507,353 752,358 754,995 299,070 Urban 320,918 160,502 160,416 62,743

11 Alappuzha Total 2,001,217 975,885 1,025,332 405,210 Rural 1,391,607 677,351 714.256 285,159 Urban 609,610 298,534 311,076 120,051

4 TABLE 2: POPULATION AND NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, 1991

District Totall Population Number of Rural! Persons Males Females households Urban 2 3 4 5 6

12 Pathanamthltta Total 1,188,332 576,176 612,156 259,629 Rural 1,033,298 500,965 532,333 226,793 Urban 155,034 75,211 79,823 32,836

13. Kollam Total 2,407,566 1,182,810 1,224,756 489,774 Rural 1,961,530 962,181 999,349 404,517 Urban 446,036 220,629 225,407 85,257

14. Thlruvananthapuram Total 2,946,650 1,447,594 1,499,056 619,558 Rural 1,948,407 955,301 993,106 413,655 Urban 998,243 492,293 505,950 205,903

5 TABLE 3: DENSITY, PER CENT DECADAL VARIATION, SEX RATIO AND PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION, 1991 District Per cent Decadal Percentage Population density, 1991 Variation, 1981-91 Sex Ratio,1991 of Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban PopulatIon 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala 749 603 2,283 14.32 3.56 60.97 1,036 1,037 1,034 26.39

1. Kasaragod 538 474 1,682 22.78 7.92 308.53 1,026 1,023 1,045 16.45 2. Kannur 759 477 1,770 16.63 -16.07 86.97 1,049 1,028 1,071 50.87 3. Wayanad 15 310 672 21.32 17.17 966 966 947 341 4. Kozhlkode 1,118 806 2,957 16.69 -1.20 64.61 1,027 1,028 1,024 3834 5 Malappuram 872 833 1,647 2887 2647 58.88 1,053 1,055 1,034 9.12 6 Palakkad 532 471 1,688 16.52 925 8124 1,061 1,064 1,046 1572 7. Thnssur 903 739 2,391 122O 479 3991 1,085 1,091 1,069 26.31 8 Ernakulam 1,170 775 2,523 11 12 -576 36.92 1,000 998 1,002 48.74 9 Idukki 215 207 755 11.22 11 09 1401 975 974 990 4.72 10 Kottayam 830 741 1,904 771 -2.01 10170 1,003 1,004 999 17.55 11. Alappuzha 1,415 1,236 2,116 728 -8.52 77.06 1,051 1,054 1,042 30.46 12 Pathanamthltta 450 407 1,546 56O -2.81 14928 1,062 1,063 1,061 13.05 13 Kallam 967 827 3,766 1068 671 3229 1,035 1,039 1.022 1853 14 Thiruvananthapuram 1,344 1,007 3,877 1350 0.42 52.23 1,036 1,040 1,028 33.88

6 TABLE 4: DISTRICTS RANKED ACCORDING TO AREA, POPULATION AND DENSITY, 1991

Ranked by area Ranked by populatton Ranked by population density Rank District Area Rank District Populatton Rank District Density- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Idukkl 5,019 Malappuram 3,096,330 1 Alappuzha 1,415 2 Palakkad 4,480 2 Thlruvananthapuram 2,946,650 2 Thrruvananthapuram 1,344 3 Malappuram 3,550 3 Ernakulam 2,817,236 3 Ernakulam 1,170 4 Thrissur 3,032 4 Thrrssur 2,737,311 4 Kozhikode 1,118 5 Kannur 2,966 5 Kozhikode 2,619,941 5 Kollam 967 6 Pathanamthltta 2,642 6 Kollam 2,407,566 6 Thrissur 903 7 Kollam 2,491 7 Palakkad 2,382,235 7 Malappuram 872 8 Ernakufam 2,407 8 Kannur 2,251,727 8 Kottayam 830 9 Kozhlkode 2,344 9 Alappuzha 2,001,217 9 Kannur 759 10 Kottayam 2,203 10 Kottayam 1,828,271 10 Kasaragod 538 11 Thlruvananthapuram 2,192 11 P athanamthitta 1,188,332 11 Palakkad 532 12 Wayanad 2,131 12 Idukkl 1,078,066 12 Pathanamthltta 450 13 Kasaragod 1,992 13 Kasaragod 1,071,508 13 Idukki 215 14 Alappuzha 1,414 14 Wayanad 672,128 14 Wayan ad 15

7 TABLE 5: NUMBER OF INHABITED VILLAGES

District Total number Number and Popufalion of villages failing of viliagesl Less than 200 200-499 500-999 Total Number of Per Number of Per Number of Per populatIOn villages! cent villages! cent viliagesl cent population population population 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kerala 1,384 2 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.2 21,418,224 295 848 2,455

1 Kasaragod 116 09 895,282 980 01

2 Kannur 78 1,106,251

3 Wayanad 48 649,179

4 Kozhlkode 87 1,615,444

5 Malappuram 123 2,813,876

6 Palakkad 155 2,007,658

7 Thnssur 209 05 2,017,095 121

8 Ernakulam 89 1 1 1 1,444,059 174

9 Idukkl 65 1 5 1 5 1,027,185 431 931 01

10 Kottayam 90 1,507,353

11 Alappuzha 75 13 1.391,607 417

12 Pathanamthltta 64 16 1,033,298 544 01

13 Kollam 92 , 1,961,530

14 Thlruvananthapurarn 93 1,948,407

8 CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION SIZE, 1991 under each Population size class Dlstnct 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 . 5,000-9,999 10,000 and above Number of Per Number of Per Number of Per Number of Per viliages/ cent villages! cent viliages/ cent viliages/ cent population population population population 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

16 1 2 102 7.4 252 18.2 1,007 72.8 Kerala 25,504 0.1 380,282 1.8 1,951,234 9.1 19,057,606 89.0

7 60 35 302 38 328 35 302 1 Kasaragod 11,684 13 119,865 134 284,483 31 8 478,270 534

19 244 59 756 2 Kannur 151,620 137 954,631 863

21 15 313 32 667 3 Wayanad 1,772 03 128,143 197 519,264 800

2 23 6 69 79 908 4 Kozhlkode 8,500 05 51,137 32 1,555,807 963

4 33 119 967 5 Malappuram 33,303 12 2,780,573 988

06 15 97 30 194 109 703 6 Palakkad 1,338 01 63,403 32 231,779 11 5 t,711,138 852

2 10 39 187 88 421 79 378 7 Thnssur 2,933 01 146,216 72 642,732 319 1,225,093 607

2 22 10 112 76 854 8 Ernakulam 7,094 05 80,910 56 1,355,881 939

15 3 46 14 21 5 45 692 9 Idukkl 1,886 02 11,249 1 1 110,886 108 901,802 878

2 22 4 44 15 167 69 767 10 Kottayam 2,841 02 17,358 12 127,145 84 1,360,009 902

13 4 53 69 920 11 Alappuzha 2,142 02 33,870 24 1,355,178 974

16 3 47 59 922 12 Pathanamthltta 1,882 02 24,986 24 1,005,886 973

2 22 90 978 13 Kollam 14,421 07 1,947,109 993

1 1 1 1 4 43 87 935 14 Tnvandrum 1,168 01 4,455 02 35,819 1 8 1,906,965 979

9

POPULATION STRUCTURE TABLE 6: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1991

District Total! Sex Total Per cent population In the age group Rural! population 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-44 45-59 60-79 80+ Urban (In 'OOOs) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total Persons 29,099 9.2 9.9 10.7 49.6 11.6 7.8 1.0 Males 14,289 9.6 10.2 11.0 49.2 11.5 7.4 0.9 Females 14,810 B.8 9.6 10.4 50.0 11.7 B.2 1.1 Rural Persons 21,418 9.3 10.1 10.8 49.1 11.5 7.9 1.0 Males 10,513 9.7 10.4 11.1 48.6 11.4 7.6 1.0 Females 10,905 B.9 9.9 10.5 49.6 11.5 B.2 1.1 Urban Persons 7,680 B.7 9.3 10.2 51.1 12.0 7.7 0.9 Males 3,776 9.0 9.7 10.5 51.0 11.9 7.1 0.7 Females 3,904 B.4 B.9 9.8 51.3 12.0 B.3 1.0

1 Kasaragod Total Persons 1.072 105 121 124 476 102 63 06 Males 529 11 0 122 127 467 103 62 06 Females 543 99 12,0 122 484 102 65 07 Rural Persons 895 106 123 125 472 102 64 07 Males 443 11 2 124 126 463 101 64 07 Females 453 101 122 123 481 102 63 07 Urban Persons 176 98 110 124 493 105 63 06 Males 86 105 11 2 131 485 10 9 51 05 Females 90 90 108 11 7 501 102 73 07

2. Kannur Total Persons 2.252 91 106 11 8 488 11 2 75 09 Males 1.099 95 109 122 485 109 7.0 08 Females 1.153 88 103 11 3 49.1 11 4 80 09 Rural Persons 1.106 94 11 2 123 483 106 71 09 Males 546 98 113 125 479 106 69 0.9 Females 561 91 11 1 121 487 107 73 09 Urban Persons 1.145 88 100 11 3 493 11 7 80 08 Males 553 92 105 120 491 11 3 72 07 Females 592 84 95 106 495 121 88 1 0

3 Wayanad Total Persons 672 99 11 5 11 7 508 99 56 06 Males 342 99 11 3 11 6 508 10 2 55 0.6 Females 330 98 11 7 11 8 507 96 57 0.6 Rural Persons 649 99 114 11.7 507 99 57 06 Males 330 99 114 11 6 507 102 56 06 Females 319 99 11 5 11 9 507 96 58 06 Urban Persons 23 100 126 108 540 89 34 03 Males 12 11 2 98 107 551 97 32 03 Females 11 87 155 109 529 80 36 03

4 Kozhlkode Total Persons 2,620 91 103 11 0 502 108 74 09 Males 1,293 94 107 11 4 499 106 70 07 Females 1,327 89 99 107 505 11 0 79 1 0

12 TABLE 6: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1991

District Total! Sex Total Per cent population In the age group Rural! population 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-44 45-59 60-79 80+ Urban (In '0005) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Rural Persons 1,615 91 105 11 4 493 107 77 09 Males 796 94 108 11 7 490 106 74 09 Females 819 89 102 11 1 497 109 81 1 0 Urban Persons 1,004 91 100 105 51 7 11 0 70 07 Males 496 94 105 11 0 51 5 107 64 05 Females 508 89 95 100 51 9 11 2 76 09

5 Malappuram Total Persons 3,096 127 133 131 450 92 59 06 Males 1,508 133 139 136 436 91 57 06 Females 1,588 12 1 127 126 464 93 62 07 Rural Persons 2,814 127 134 131 449 92 59 oe Males 1,369 134 140 137 434 91 57 06 Females 1,444 121 128 126 463 93 61 07 Urban Persons 282 125 121 126 466 96 60 0.6 Males 139 129 127 129 456 98 56 05 Females 144 120 11 4 124 475 94 64 07

6 Palakkad Total Persons 2,382 98 11 0 11 3 471 116 80 09 Males 1,156 102 11 4 11 5 465 11 7 75 08 Females 1,226 94 106 11 1 476 11 6 83 1.0 Rural Persons 2,008 99 11 2 11 4 467 11 5 80 1 0 Males 973 103 11 6 11 7 461 11 6 76 08 Females 1,035 95 108 11.2 472 11 5 83 1 1 Urban Persons 375 93 100 106 492 122 78 09 Males 183 97 105 107 487 123 71 08 Females 192 89 95 105 496 12.1 84 09

7 Thnssur Total Persons 2,737 84 91 100 498 124 88 1 2 Males 1,313 91 97 104 494 120 81 1 0 Females 1,425 79 86 ~96 502 127 93 1 3 Rural Persons 2,017 86 92 102 495 123 88 1 2 Males 965 92 99 107 488 119 82 1 1 Females 1,053 79 87 97 500 126 93 1 3 Urban Persons 720 81 89 94 508 126 88 1 1 Males 348 86 94 97 510 121 81 09 Females 372 77 84 92 50.5 131 94 1.3

8 Ernakulam Total Persons 2,817 79 82 95 523 124 82 1 2 Males 1,409 80 84 96 527 124 76 1 0 Females 1,409 77 81 93 520 124 88 1 4 Rural Persons 1,444 78 81 96 51 5 125 88 1 4 Males 723 79 82 97 520 123 83 1 3 Females 721 76 80 95 51 0 127 94 1 5 Urban Persons 1,373 80 84 94 532 124 75 1 0 Males 686 81 86 95 534 126 68 08 Females 687 78 82 92 530 121 e-.1 1 3

13 TABLE 6: DlSTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1991

District Total! Sex Total Per cent population In the age group Rural! population 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-44 45-59 60-79 80+ Urban (In 'ODDs) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

9 Idukkl Total Persons 1,078 89 98 10 1 528 " 11 5 61 08 Males 546 91 97 99 526 117 62 08 Females 532 88 99 103 529 11 2 61 07 Rural Persons 1,027 89 98 10 1_ 527 11 5 61 08 Males 520 90 97 98 526 11 7 62 08 Females 507 88 99 103 529 11 3 60 07 Urban Persons 51 92 86 99 530 11 5 70 DB Males 26 10 1 81 106 522 124 59 07 Females 25 82 91 92 538 106 81 1 0

10 Kottayam Total Persons 1,828 77 82 92 51 2 127 91 1 5 Males 913 81 81 93 51 2 127 88 14 Females 915 73 83 91 51 2 128 94 1 6 Rural Persons 1,507 76 82 91 51 1 127 92 1 6 Males 752 80 81 92 51 1 127 89 1 5 Females 755 72 83 90 51 2 127 94 1 6 Urban Persons 321 80 83 93 51 5 129 87 1 1 Males 161 83 83 93 51 9 127 83 10 Females 160 78 82 94 51 1 130 90 1 3

11 Alappuzha Total Persons 2,001 78 84 97 504 124 99 1 2 Males 976 82 87 101 501 123 93 1 0 Females 1,025 74 81 94 507 124 105 13 Rural Persons 1,392 78 83 98 499 125 102 1 3 Males 677 82 86 102 495 125 97 1 .2 Females 714 74 81 94 504 126 106 1 3 Urban Persons 610 79 87 95 51 5 11 9 92 1 0 Males 299 82 91 98 51 7 11 8 84 07 Females 311 75 83 93 51 3 120 10 1 1 2

12 Pathanamthltta Total Persons 1,188 82 85 95 477 138 103 17 Males 576 87 90 100 464 137 102 1 7 Females 612 78 8 1 91 488 139 103 1.8 Rural Persons 1.033 82 8S" 95 47,5 139 103 1 8 Males 50~ 87 90 99 463 138 104 1 8 Females 532 78 81 91 487 140 103 1 8 Urban Persons 155 81 86 100 484 135 98 1 5 Males 75 86 91 106 476 135 92 1 3 Females 80 76 82 94 492 135 103 1 7

13 Kollam Total Persons 2,408 85 91 10 506 12 1 78 1 0 Males 1,183 90 93 108 500 12 1 75 1 0 Females 1,225 81 90 101 51 1 122 81 1 1

14 TABLE 6: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1991

Dlstnct Total! Sex Total Per cent population In the age group Rural! population 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-44 45-59 60-79 80+ Urban (in 'aDOs) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Rural Persons 1,962 85 91 104 504 122 80 1 1 Males 962 89 93 108 498 .12 1 77 1 0 Females 999 80 90 100 509 123 83 1.2 Urban Persons 446 87 91 107 51 6 11.8 7.0 0.8 Males 221 91 93 11 0 51 1 12.0 66 08 Females 225 84 89 105 52 1 11 7 74 0.8

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total Persons 2,947 90 91 96 51 6 11 9 77 0" Males 1,448 94 94 98 51 2 11 9 7.3 'J 1 Females 1,499 87 8.9 94 520 120 8.0 03 Rural Persons 1,948 92 93 98 51 3 11 5 78 06 Males 955 96 95 100 51 0 11 4 75 07 Females 993 88 90 95 51 6 116 82 10 Urban Persons 998 87 89 9.3 52.2 128 73 07 Males 492 90 92 95 51 7 130 6.9 07 Females 506 85 8.6 91 52.6 126 7.7 08

15 TABLE 7: CHILD-WOMAN RATIOS, 1991

District CWR(0-4) CWR(5-9) Total Rural Urban Total Rur31 Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kerala 329 338 305 408 421 372

1 Kasaragod 393 401 355 532 546 465 2. Kannur 333 352 315 444 482 409 3 Wayanad 366 366 362 501 499 571 4 Kozhlkode 328 333 319 427 442 404 5 Malappuram 492 493 477 612 619 545 6. Palakkad 364 370 333 476 487 420 7 Thrlssur 296 300 284 360 365 347 8 Ernakulam 277 279 275 326 327 326 9 Idukkl 314 313 317 394 397 339 10 Kottayam 274 271 287 329 330 328 11 Alappuzha 276 276 276 336 332 345 12 Pathanamthltta 296 296 290 339 339 342 13 Kollam 299 298 305 367 366 368 14 Thlruvananthapuram 313 320 299 356 365 341

Note' Child-Woman (CWR) Ratios are calculated as CWR(0-4) - Number of children of age 0-4 years per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years CWR(5-9) - Number of children of age 5-9 years per 1.000 women aged 20-54 years

16 TABLE 8: DEPENDENCY RATIOS, 1991

DIstrict Total Rural Urban Young Old Total Young Old Total Young Old Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kerata 485 144 630 500 147 647 446 136 582

1 Kasaragod 606 121 727 617 122 739 553 115 668 2. Kannur 524 140 664 558 135 693 493 144 638 3 Wayanad 544 102 647 545 104 649 530 58 588 4 Kozhlkode 499 136 635 516 145 661 472 122 594 5 Malappuram 719 120 840 725 121 846 662 118 779 6 Palakkad 547 151 698 558 154 712 487 141 627 7 Thrissur 443 160 603 453 161 615 417 156 573 8 Ernaku!am 395 145 540 399 160 558 392 130 521 9 Idukkl 448 107 555 449 106 555 428 122 550 10 Kottayam 392 165 558 391 168 559 398 152 550 11. Alappuzha 413 176 589 414 183 597 412 161 573 12. Pathanamthltta 427 195 622 427 197 624 431 182 613 13 Kallam 448 141 589 448 145 593 451 123 573 14. Thiruvananthapuram 437 133 571 449 138 587 415 124 539

Note' Dependency RatIos (DR) are calculated as Young - Number of persons of age 0-14 years per 1,000 persons aged 15-59 years Old - Number of persons of age above 60 years per 1,000 persons aged 15-59 years Total - DR(young) + DR(old)

17

NUPTIALITY TABLE 9 : SELECTED INDICATORS ON FEMALE NUPTIALlTY, 1991

District Total! No of currently Mean age at marriage Per cent of currently marned women Rural! married women of currently married women with age at marriage below 18 Urban ------Total who married dunng Total who married dunng Total who married dunng 1981-86 1986-91 1981-86 1986-91 1981-86 1986-91 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total 6,558,531 1,120,657 1,101,401 19.85 20.36 20.98 27.05 20.49 14.12 Rural 4,847,224 825,794 808,821 19.73 20.22 20.85 27.98 21.70 15.28 Urban 1,711,307 294,863 292,580 20.17 20.75 21.35 2439 17.10 10.91

1 Kasaragod Total 223,811 41,490 37,913 1881 1928 2000 3978 3386 2402 Rural 185,801 34,160 31,020 1879 1924 2001 3988 3393 2402 Urban 38,010 7,330 6,893 1888 1944 1991 3931 3356 2398

2 Kailnur Total 481,794 83,117 79,663 1919 1978 2064 3509 2604 1626 Rural 237,054 41,450 37,810 1908 1962 2050 3541 2712 1775 Urban 244,740 ~667 41,853 1930 1995 2076 3479 2497 1490

3 Wayanad Total 145,906 26,672 25,676 1934 1988 2043 3149 2404 1651 Rural 141,318 25,800 24,790 1935 1990 2044 3137 2380 1622 Urban 4,588 872 886 1926 1939 2014 3523 31 19 2483

4 Kozhlkode Total 593,695 103,060 98,752 1881 1929 2007 4128 34 31 2311 Rural 373,759 63,280 58,762 1853 1898 1981 4431 3757 2560 Urban 219,936 39,780 39,990 1928 1979 2046 3616 2916 1943

5 Malappuram Total 673,559 125,392 125,454 1814 1835 1877 5070 4845 4143 Rural 612,310 114,330 114,384 1814 1834 1877 5066 4845 41 31 Urban 61,249 11,062 11,070 1820 1849 1882 51 14 4847 4270

6 Palakkad Total 511,728 85,145 86,528 1903 1951 2004 3750 3093 2360 Rural 431,809 71,620 72,770 1896 1941 1994 3811 3169 2442 Urban 79,919 13,525 13,758 1944 2001 2058 3416 2691 1926

7 Thrlssur Total 623,085 104,970 103,800 2039 2084 2133 1858 1245 746 Rural 459,804 77,600 77,110 2031 2071 2125 1932 1373 806 Urban 163,281 27,370 26,690 2062 21 19 2155 1649 881 573

8 Ernakulam Total 633,972 104,570 103,720 2082 21 58 2227 1568 733 337 Rural 327,413 51,430 52,650 2076 2157 2228 1539 616 319 Urban 306,559 53,140 51,070 2089 21 59 2227 1598 847 355

9 Idukkl Total 247,273 42,915 40,640 2007 2071 21 54 2136 1342 638 Rural 235,548 40,853 38,660 2006 2068 2152 2125 1349 655 Urban 11,725 2,062 1,980 2025 2141 21 83 2358 1212 303

10 Kottayam Total 422,008 65,076 65,340 2076 2167 2236 1705 672 280 Rural 349,361 53,482 53,810 2075 2172 2241 1687 615 257 Urban 72,647 11,594 11,530 2078 21 45 2214 1795 932 390

11 Alappuzha Total 460,660 73,502 75,478 2073 2146 2203 1634 752 334 Rural 323,643 50,619 52,338 2070 21 48 2202 1613 705 271 Urban 137,017 22,883 23,140 2080 2143 2204 1685 857 475

20 TABLE 9: SELECTED INDICATORS ON FEMALE NUPTIALITY,1991

District TotaV No. of currently Mean age at marriage Per cent of currently married women RuraV married women of currently married women with age at mamage below 18 Urban Total who married dunng Total who married during Total who mamed during 1981-86 1986-91 1981-86 1986-91 1981-86 1986-91 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 Pathanamthltta Total 297,741 44,367 44,800 20.55 21.30 21.95 18.20 8.66 3.84 Rural 260,338 38,980 38,810 20.53 21.30 21_-94 1843 8.70 4.02 Urban 37,403 5,387 5,990 2070 21.37 22.01 16.64 8.35 2.68

13. Kollam Total 549,8S7 95,831 94,110 2041 20.96 21.52 17.73 1066 5.61 Rural 451,962 78,620 76,530 20.38 2094 21.49 17.80 10.75 5.67 Urban 97,905 17,211 17,580 2053 21.05 21.68 17.43 10.28 5.35

14. Thlruvananthapuram Total 693,432 124,550 119,527 20.53 2101 21.56 18.00 11.79 7.40 Rural 457,104 83,570 79,377 20.35 20.82 21.38 18.74 12.46 7.84 Urban 236,328 40,980 40,150 20.89 21.41 21.92 16.56 10.42 6.53

21 TABLE 10: PROPORTION OF MARRIED FEMALES IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 1991

Dlstnct Per cent marned females to total females In the age group 10-14 15-19 20-24 15-44 60-69 70-79 80+ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kerala 0.5 11.3 55.5 64.0 47.2 27.0 16.8

1 Kasaragod 04 166 636 65.4 414 240 11 9 2 Kannur 03 123 589 629 408 21.0 15.9 3 Wayanad 01 134 64.9 67.0 529 342 238 4 Kozhlkode 04 172 666 669 420 21 9 147 5 Malappuram 05 30 a 775 71.6 422 220 142 6 Palakkad 06 164 62.1 644 38.9 178 130 7 Thnssur 06 7.6 506 61.2 44.4 245 144 8 Emakulam 07 35 40.7 600 51 2 31 5 186 9 Idukkl 05 5.5 510 63.5 60.2 471 280 10. Kottayam 04 2.5 39.2 596 60.4 387 21 9 11 Alappuzha 03 38 449 610 479 252 130 12 Pathanamthltta 04 36 50.5 64.9 600 386 19.5 13. Kallam 06 5.5 51.S 628 479 249 180 14 Thiruvananthapuram 06 7.5 54.5 650 47.4 275 176

22 TABLE 11 : PROPORTIONS OF MARRIED, WIDOWED AND DIVORCED/SEPARATED AMONG THE AGED BY SEX, 1991

District Sex Percentage of Marned Widowed Divorced/Separated 60-69 70-79 80+ 60-69 70-79 80+ 60-69 70-79 80+ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Males 91.8 85.6 68.4 5.0 11.4 22.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 Females 47.2 27.0 16.8 48.2 69.2 77.4 1.6 0.9 0.5

1. Kasaragod Males 928 869 785 43 98 179 09 1 a 1 8 Females 414 240 11 9 561 742 867 1 9 1 1

2 Kannur Males 929 878 745 39 88227 08 10 07 Females 408 21 a 159 S36 7S 4 810 22 10 04

3 Wayanad Males 91 0 862 759 65 125 197 1 0 1 1 1 0 Females 529 342 238 450 633 751 1 3 1 3

4 Kozhikode Males 934 892 779 37 81163 06 07 1 5 Females 42 a 21.9 147 52.8 74.5 81.8 1 6 0.9 1 1

5 Malappuram Males 939 873 71 8 40 105216 06 08 18 Females 422 220 142 543 750 825 20 1 3 1 1

6 Palakkad Males 91 5 84 8 624 56 126 20 3 05 08 1.4 Females 389 178 130 563 785 795 1 8 08 as

7 Thnssur Males 92.0 84.6 64 2 4.9 12.4 222 05 05 0.5 Females 444 245 144 486 692 760 1 5 1 1 04

8 Ernakulam Males 90 9 844 635 56 123 251 05 04 01 Females 51 2 315 186 433 629 719 1 0 os 04

9 Idukkl Males 927 862 705 57115263 05 1 0 1 2 Females 602 47 1 280 368 506 700 1 5 06 05

10 Kottayam Males 91 3 836667 54 128 235 05 07 as Females 604 387 219 34 4 573 70 4 1 2 04 06

11 Alappuzha Males 904 845 645 53 123 252 06 04 os Females 479 252 130 472 71 0 81 9 1 4 07 os

12 Pathanamthltta Males 916 862 67.0 56 11 1 27.9 05 02 07 Females 60.0 38.6 195 36.7 590 764 1 S as 06

13 Kollam Males 90 5 84 9 650 58 117192 05 08 04 Females 479 249 180 486 723 758 1 7 09 02

14 Thlruvananthapuram Males 91 1 84 9 751 5 1 11 9 20.6 06 07 0.9 Females 474 27.S 176 491 696 80'1 1 7 1 1 04

23

FERTILITY AND CHILD MORTALITY TABLE 12 : NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORN AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN SURVIVING PER EVER MARRIED WOMAN IN THE AGE GROUP 45-49 YEARS, 1991

District Number of ever married women Number of children per ever married woman aged 45-49 years aged 45-49 years Ever born Surviving Totai Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kerala 657,993 481,632 176,361 4.00 4.07 382 3.66 3.71 3.51

1 Kasaragod 22,150 18,850 3,300 465 472 424 418 424 383 2 Kannur 49,840 23,090 26,750 441 456 427 401 412 391 3 Wayanad 13,567 13,157 410 481 484 378 429 432 322 4 Kozhlkode 57,335 35,210 22,125 414 404 430 372 366 3.83 5 Malappuram 61,009 55,590 5,419 520 523 493 460 463 431 6 Paiakkad 54,799 45,789 9,010 421 424 406 380 382 367 7 Thnssur 62,864 46,664 16,200 381 388 361 352 356 339 8 Ernakulam 65,677 33,657 32,020 366 374 358 338 344 332 9 Idukkl 24,230 23,250 980 424 424 418 388 388 390 10 Kottayam 42,151 34,580 7,571 363 368 342 340 345 321 11 Alappuzha 45,522 31,880 13,642 358 356 361 330 329 333 12 Pathanamthltta 30,648 26,628 4,020 339 338 344 319 3 17 326 13 Kollam 58,397 48,087 10,310 390 387 405 360 357 373 14 Thlruvananthapuram 69,804 45,200 24,604 329 337 313 310 316 297

26 TABLE 13: CRUDE BIRTH RATE AND TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, 1991

District Crude Birth Total Fertility Rate Rate 1 2 3

Kerala 24.67 2.60

1 Kasaragod 29.54 3.25 2. Kannur 23.66 2.52 3. Wayanad 25.02 2.61 4 Kozhikode 28.68 3.10 5 Malappuram 36.55 4.21· 6. Palakkad 2443 2.65 7.Thrissur 21 17 210 8. Ernakulam 20.70 2.10 9.ldukki 26.32 2.77 10. Kottayam 21.31 222 11 . Alappuzha 19.62 1.99 12. Pathanamthltta 17.56 1.85 13. Kollam 21.66 2.14 14. Thiruvananthapuram 22.44 2.33

Source. Based on 1991 Census data

27 TABLE 14: CHILD MORTALITY INDICATORS, 1991

District q, q2 qs Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kerala 42 45 41 50 52 49 60 60 61

1. Kasaragod 34 32 36 36 35 37 49 50 48 2. Kannur 34 40 30 41 43 36 50 50 51 3.Wayanad 54 72 36 77 82 41 89 94 57 4. Kozhikode 37 39 35 49 50 46 61 67 54 5. Malappuram 35 33 37 39 40 39 58 57 58 6. Palakkad 31 34 29 39 37 40 55 52 57 7.Thrissur 29 30 27 39 38 41 47 48 46 8. Emakulam 32 34 31 37 40 36 48 49 47 9.ldukki 57 65 60 67 69 64 74 74 74 10. Kottayam 28 34 27 30 39 30 52 58 48 11.AIappuzha 25 27 22 33 31 39 45 42 46 12. Pathanamthitta 27 26 30 32 28 38 39 29 52 13. Kollam 25 27 22 37 38 36 50 51 49 14. Thiruvananthapuram 38 36 40 43 42 43 51 54 50

28 LITERACY AND EDUCATION TABLE 16 :'SElECTED INDICATORS ON

District TotaV Lrteracy rate for the age group Per cent of population In the RuraV 10-14 15-19 Matnc but below graduate Urban P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total 98.6 98.7 98.5 98.0 98.3 97.7 19.1 21.2 17.0 . Rural 98.5 98.6 98.4 97.8 98.2 97.4 17.7 19.9 15.6 Urban 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.6 98.7 98.5 22.7 24.7 20.8

1 Kasaragod Total 977 984 970 964 976 952 130 166 96 Rural 977 985 969 960 975 94 6 123 159 89 Urban 977 980 973 98.2 981 98.4 163 201 12.8

2. Kannur Total 992 991 992 98.9 989 988 179 209 151 Rural 990 990 990 987 98.9 986 163 192 136 Urban 993 99.2 99.4 991 990 991 193 225 165

3. Wayan ad Total 962 966 959 937 95.2 922 13.4 14.7 119 Rural 962 965 959 936 95.2 921 131 144 11 8 Urban 972 984 95.9 949 944 952 20.5 23.4 170

4 Kozhlkode Total 991 991 992 990 989 990 15.3 183 124 Rural 992 992 992 990 990 99.1 13.8 176 102 Urban 990 989 992 989 98.8 99.0 176 195 15.9

5 Malappuram Total 991 990 991 985 987 98.3 104 131 8.0 Rural 991990991 985 987 98.4 99 125 76 Urban 989 98.7 99.0 97.7 984 97.1 147 187 11.1

6. Palakkad Total 973 97.6 96 9 94 9 96.6 93.4 140 168 11.4 Rural 971 975 96 7 94 5 96 3 92.9 126 154 10.0 Urban 98 4 986 98.3 972 983 96.3 21 2 24.1 18.4

7 Thnssur Total 988 988 987 98.6 98.6 98 7 205 214 19.7 Rural 98.7 98.8 98 7 986 985 987 18.6 197 17.7 Urban 98.8 987 989 987 988 987 255 259 25.1

8 Emakulam Total 991 992 990 990 98.9 990 23.9 25.5 222 Rural 991 991 990 990 99 0 99.0 22.2 23.9 20.5 Urban 99.1 992 991 990 98 9 99.0 256 271 241

9 Idukkl Total 964 972 956 949 960 939 181 189 173 Rural 96.2 971 954 947 959 936 177 186 16.8 Urban 996 996 996 991 99.2 989 26.1 24.8 27.4

10 Kottayam Total 991 991 992 992 992 99.3 264 270 258 Rural 992 991 993 992 99.2 993 26 2 26.9 25.4 Urban 98 9 991 98.8 99 3 99.4 99.2 274 27.5 274

11 Alappuzha Total 993 992 993 99 3 ' 99.4' 99.3 214 241 189 Rural 992 992 993 994 99.3 994 21.5, 24.3 190 Urban 993 993 99.3 993 995 991 21.2' 23 S 18.8

30 LITERACY AND EDUCATION, 1991 age group 20+ who are Per cent population attending schoolm age group Total/ District Graduate and above 6-10 11-13 Rural! P M F P M F P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2

4.5 5.2 3.8 91.2 91.3 91.1 94.5 94.7 94.4 Total Kerala 3.3 3.9 2.8 90.8 908 90.7 94.2 94.5 94.0 Rural 7.7 8.9 6.7 92.6 92.8 92.5 95.4 95.3 95.5 Urban

27 40 1 6 861 865 858 912 928 895 Total 1 Kasaragod 2.3 34 1 3 856 860 852 91 0 929 891 Rural 46 66 29 894 895 894 922 927 91 5 Urban

33 43 25 914 91 5 91 3 962 961 962 Total 2 Kannur 24 33 1 6 903 898 908 960 960 961 Rural 42 51 34 926 932 91 9 963 963 963 Urban

24 30 1 7 869 869 869 905 91 2 898 Total 3 Wayanad 23 28 1 7 868 869 867 905 91 1 898 Rural 62 78 43 891 869 908 91 2 947 877 Urban

35 45 27 91 3 91 5 91 2 959 958 960 Total 4 KozhlkodE; 26 35 1 7 906 906 905 958 960 957 Rural 50 60 41 927 929 925 960 954 966 Urban

1 9 26 1 3 886 885 887 946 947 945 Total 5 Malappurarr 1 7 23 1 2 886 884 888 944 946 943 Rural 37 47 28 886 895 876 95 9 953 964 Urban

28 34 22 917 91 9 91 5 903 91 7 890 Total 6 Palakkad 20 25 1 5 91 5 91 7 91 3 901 91 6 886 Rural 69 81 58 929 929 930 91 7 923 91 1 Urban

45 49 42 936 938 935 946 944 948 Total 7 Thnssur 33 35 31 936 938 933 945 941 948 Rural 78 86 7 1 938 936 93 9 951 954 948 Urban

68 75 60 945 948 941 960 959 961 Total 8 Emakulam 42 47 37 943 948 937 955 950 960 Rural 95 104 86 946 949 944 965 968 962 Urban

31 35 27 886 890 882 920 929 91 2 Total 9 Idukki 28 32 25 885 890 881 91 8 926 909 Rural 81 96 66 91 9 91 3 924 969 969 969 Urban

68 75 60 924 924 924 959 956 962 Total 10 Kottayam 58 65 52 921 922 921 960 956 964 Rural 11 1 124 98 936 932 940 956 957 954 Urban

45 49 41 933 932 934 967 966 969 Total 11 Alappuzha 39 43 35 929 927 932 970 968 971 Rural 59 64 54 941 941 940 962 961 964 Urban

31 TABLE 15: SELECTED INDICATORS ON

District Total/ Literacy rate for the age group Per cent of population In the Rural! 10-14 15-19 Matnc but below graduate Urban P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 Pathanamthltta Total 992 991 992 989 990 989 254 268 242 Rural 99 1 991 991 989 990 988 251 264 239 Urban 996 995 997 991 989 992 278 295 263

13 Kollam Total 988 988 988 983 984 982 206 LL 9 18.4 Rural 989 989 989 983 985 982 201 226 178 Urban 983 981 984 981 979 984 226 242 209

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 984 984 984 977 979 976 21 3 235 192 Rural 984 984 983 977 978 976 184 207 162 Urban 984 984 985 977 980 975 269 286 252

32 LITERACY AND EDUCATION, 1991 age group 20+ who are Pel cent population attending school In age group Totall Dlstrrct Graduate and above 6-10 11-13 Rural! P M F P M F P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2

53 57 50 926 931 922 966 960 972 Total 12 Pathanamthltta 48 5 1 45 923 927 91 8 964 958 971 Rural 86 93 79 952 952 952 976 972 982 Urban

46 52 40 922 920 924 953 949 957 Total 13 Kallam 40 46 35 925 924 926 959 956 961 Rural 73 8 1 65 908 901 91 5 929 91 7 941 Urban

70 8 1 60 909 909 909 939 941 938 Total 14 Thlruvananthapuram 36 40 32 909 908 909 936 939 932 Rural 135 157 11 5 908 909 907 947 946 948 Urban

33 TABLE 16: LITERACY RATES FOR SELECTED

District Total! ______L_:,~_.'r...;.a...;.cy::_;ra...::te_:s;_f...::o_r _:th_e_a.=9_e.=9;_ro_u..:_p______Rural! 7 years and above 10 years and above 15 years and above ---~------Urban P M F P M F P M F 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total 89.8 93.6 86.2 89.4 93.5 85.5 88.0 92.6 83.6 Rural 88.9 '92.9 85.1 88.4 92.7 84.4 8S.9 91.8 82.3 Urban 92.2 95.6 89.1 91.9 95.5 88.S 90.9 95.0 87.1

1. :'(asaragod Total 825 890 763 81 7 888 750 786 868 709 Rural 81 7 B82 7~ 3 BO B 880 739 775 859 696 Urban 868 928 81 1 862 926 801 840 916 771

2 Kannur Total 915 955 877 91 1 955 870 897 948 850 Rural 900 944 857 895 944 848 877 935 822 Urban 929 966 895 926 966 890 91 5 961 875

3 Wayanad Total 827 876 777 820 873 765 795 857 730 Rural 827 875 776 81 9 872 764 794 856 730 Urban 842 890 790 833 889 773 81 1 874 741

4 Kozhlkode Total 91 1 956 868 907 955 861 893 949 841 Rural 904 953 858 900 952 850 884 945 827 Urban 922 961 884 91 8 961 878 908 956 862

5 Malappuram Total 879 921 841 874 920 832 849 904 800 Rural 878 920 839 873 91 9 830 847 903 797 Urban 892 927 858 888 927 852 868 91 5 825

6 Palakkad Total 81 3 872 757 801 866 742 773 84.6 705 Rural 802 863 746 790 856 729 759 835 690 Urban 869 922 81 9 861 91 6 809 842 906 783

7 Thnssur Total 902 938 869 898 936 864 885 928 848 Rural 893 931 858 888 929 852 874 920 834 Urban 928 957 901 924 955 896 91 6 951 885

8 Ernakulam Total 924 955 893 921 953 888 91 2 948 875 Rural 91 1 945 877 908 944 872 897 938 857 Urban 937 964 909 934 963 905 927 960 894

9.ldukkl Total 869 908 830 865 907 823 85 1 898 804 Rural 867 306 827 863 905 820 849 896 800 Urban 91 7 £j.46 889 914 943 885 903 93.5 87.1

34 AGE GROUPS BY SEX, 1991

LIteracy rates for the age group Total! Dlstnct 10-14 15-59 60 years and above Rural! P M F P M F P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2

98.6 98.7 98.5 91.3 94.6 88.3 64.5 78.7 52.3 Total KeraJa 98.5 98.6 98.4 90.4 93.9 87.2 62.7 76.8 50.2 Rural 98.9 98.9 98.9 93.8 96.3 91.4 69.9 84.4 58.3 Urban

977 98.4 970 830 90 0 764 422 60 5 25 1 Total 1 Kasaragod 977 985 969 819 892 750 416 59 '3 2'39 Rural 977 98 a 973 885 937 835 454 685 299 Uman

992 991 992 933 965 90 3 639 82 a 490 Total 2 Kannur 990 990 990 916 956 877 592 773 424 Rural 993 992 994 949 973 927 68.0 865 542 Uman

962 966 959 824 879 768 50 6 639 37 2 Total 3 Wayanad 96.2 965 959 824 878 768 50 6 639 372 Rural 972 98.4 959 83.0 888 765 483 603 371 Uman

991 99 1 992 933 968 900 604 805 43 2 Total 4 Kozhlkode 992 992 992 929 967 892 579 786 397 Rural 990 989 992 939 969 91 1 648 841 495 Uman

991 990 991 891 934 853 500 652 370 Total 5 Malappuram 991 990 991 890 933 851 495 651 359 Rural 989 987 990 90 5 942 870 555 659 470 Uman

973 976 969 81.7 879 760 477 621 35 7 Total 6 Palakkad 971 975 967 805 869 746 45.7 599 337 Rural 98.4 986 983 877 926 832 59.1 749 462 Uman

988 98.8 987 924 950 900 64 8 784 54 0 Total 7 Thnssur 98.7 988 987 91 5 943 890 62.1 766 506 Rural 988 987 989 946 967 927 72 3 836 634 Urban

991 99.2 99 a 944 967 922 684 81 1 57 7 Total 8 Ernakulam 991 991 990 936 961 91 1 651 782 536 Rural 991 992 991 953 972 933 727 851 627 Urban

964 97.2 956 873 91 3 832 652 759 540 Total 9.1dukkl 962 97·1 954 87 (}- 91 1 828 650 757 535 Rural 9915 gg.:e ~:a' 9j(}" 95,1, 909 680 '. ~ 782' 605 't:Jrban

35 TABLE 16: LITERACY RATES FOR SELECTED

District Total! literacy rates for the age group Rural! 7 years and above 10 years and above 15 years and above Urban P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

10. Kottayam Total 957 975 94.0 956 97.4 938 95.2 97.2 93.2 Rural 95.7 974 94.0 95.5 913 93.8 95.1 971 93.1 Urban 95.9 917 942 95.8 97.7 93.9 954 97.6 93.3

11 . Alappuzha Total 939 96.8 91.1 93.1 96.8 90.7 it2,9 96.4 89.7 Rural 94.1 96.7 91.6 93.9 967 91.2 93.2 964 90.2 Urban 93.4 96.9 90.1 93.2 96.9 89.7 92.4 96.6 88.5

12. Pathanamthitta Total 949 96.6 933 94.7 96.5 930 94.1 96.1 92.3 Rural 948 964 932 94.6 96.4 93.0 94.0 960 92.2 Urban 95.4 97.3 937 95.2 97.2 93.4 94.6 969 92.6

13. Kollam Total 905 94.1 810 90.0 93.B 86.3 88.7 93.1 84.6 Rural 90.5 94.2 86.9 90.0 94.0 86.2 88.7 93.2 84.5 Urban 90.4 93.5 87.5 90.0 93.2 86.9 88.7 92.5 85.2

14. Thiruvananthapuram Total 89.2 92.8 858 88.7 92.6 85.1 87.4 91.8 83.3 Rural 88.0 92.0 84.2 87.4 91.7 83.4 85.9 90.7 81.4 Urban 91.6 94.5 88.8 91.3 .\. -94.3 ' '88.3 90.3 :.93.8 '67.1

36 AGE GROUPS BY SEX, 1991

Literacy rates for the age group Total/ District 10-14 15-59 60 years and above Rural/ p M F P M F P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2

991 991 992 971 980 962 832 920 751 Total 10 Kottayam 992 991 993 971 980 963 830 91 7 749 Rural 989 991 988 971 981 961 845 937 761 Urban

993 992 993 958 976 942 764 893 656 Total 11 Alappuzha 992 992 993 961 976 946 T12 891 669 Rural 993 993 993 953 976 931 743 898 622 Urban

992 991 992 963 973 954 826 901 757 Total 12 Pathanamthltta 991 991 991 962 972 954 828 901 758 Rural 996 995 997 970 981 959 81 8 897 753 Urban

988 988 988 91 9 948 893 657 806 525 Total 13 Kollam 989 989 989 92 1 951 893 652 802 51 9 Rural 983 98 1 984 91 2 936 890 685 830 557 Urban

984 984 984 907 935 880 629 780 499 Total 14 Thlruvananthapuram 984 984 983 897 928 867 588 751 447 Rural 984 984 985 927 949 905 717 841 61 0 Urban

37 TABLE 17: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATES

Dlstnct TotaV Totalltterates ('000s) Per cent literates who are Rural! Below pnmary Pnmary but below mIddle Urban p M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total 22,686 11,543 11,144 16.6 15.7 17.6 30.8 30.5 31.1 Rural 16,483 8,400 8,083 17.6 16.6 18.6 31.9 31.7 32.2 Urban 6,204 3,143 3,061 14.1 13.4 14.9 27.7 27.2 28.3

1. Kasaragod Total 748 396 352 247 22.9 268 339 32.8 351 Rural 617 328 289 257 239 278 342 331 35.3 Urban 131 68 63 20.2 182 223 326 31 4 34.0

2 Kannur Total 1 ,788 905 882 167 154 180 335 333 337 Rural 858 442 416 189 173 206 348 346 35.0 Urban 929 463 466 146 13.7 156 323 321 325

3 Wayanad Total 475 256 219 22.2 20.9 238 340 346 333 Rural 458 247 211 223 210 238 342 348 335 Urban 17 9 8 209 168 258 287 301 271

4 Kozhlkode Total 2,071 1,066 1,005 17.2 157 189 32.2 316 32.9 Rural 1,266 654 613 184 162 207 34.1 334 348 Urban 805 412 392 154 148 160 294 287 300

5 Malappuram Total 2,227 1,124 1,103 227 219 235 37.1 367 376 Rural 2,019 1,018 1,001 23.0 223 238 375 371 378 Urban 208 106 103 195 184 206 339 32.2 355

6 Palakkad Total 1,659 857 802 205 196 216 325 31 9 33 1 Rural 1,377 712 665 215 20.4 22.7 335 330 34.0 Urban 282 145 137 160 156 164 276 266 286

7 Thnssur Total 2,165 1,069 1,096 154 154 155 308 308 307 Rural 1,577 778 799 162 164 161 319 321 318 Urban 589 291 297 133 130 136 277 275 279

8 Emakulam Total 2,311 1,190 1,121 142 134 150 28.7 285 28.9 Rural 1,171 606 565 153 144 16.2 31.0 31 1 30.8 Urban 1,140 584 556 130 124 137 264 259 27.0

9 Idukkl Total 817 432 385 169 163 175 321 320 32.2 Rural 716 ""4~ 1 366 170 164 177 324 323 325 Urban 41 21 20 143 152 133 266 271 261

38 BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

Per cent literates who are Total! District Middle but below matne Matne but below graduate Graduate and above Rural/ p M F P M F ------P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 .

29.8 30.4 29.2 193 19.6 18.9 3.5 3.8 3.2 Total Kerala 29.8 30.3 29.2 18.1 18.5 17.7 2.6 2.8 23 Rural 29.9 30.6 29.2 22.3 22.4 22.2 6.0 6.5 5.4 Urban

253 259 245 140 155 122 21 28 1 4 Total 1 Kasaragod 249 256 242 134 149 11 6 1 8 2.5 1 1 Rural 269 276 260 168 182 152 35 46 24 Urban

298 298 299 176 186 165 25 29 2 0 Total 2 Kannur 283 285 280 163 173 15 1 1 8 23 1 3 Rural 31 2 309 31 5 188 198 178 3 1 35 26 Urban

274 277 271 144 145 143 1 9 23 1 5 Total 3 Wayanad 275 277 271 142 143 142 1 8 22 1 4 Rural 255 258 251 200 21 1 187 49 62 33 Urban

325 330 320 153 165 14 1 27 3 1 2 2 Total 4 Kozhlkode 314 31 8 31 0 14 1 160 12 1 20 25 1 4 Rural 343 349 336 172 173 172 3.7 42 :3 3 Urban

286 283 290 102 11 5 89 1 3 1 7 1 0 Total 5 Malappuram 285 28 1 289 98 11 0 86 1 2 1 5 09 Rural 300 303 298 140 160 11 9 26 31 21 Urban

293 296 290 153 162 143 23 26 2 0 Total 6 Palakkad 293 296 290 140 150 130 1 7 20 14 Rural 295 297 293 21 5 221 208 55 60 49 Urban

291 299 283 21 1 202 220 36 37 :3 5 Total 7 Thrrssur 296 302 291 195 187 203 27 26 27 Rural 277 292 261 252 239 265 61 64 58 Urban

279 286 270 239 237 241 5.4 57 5 0 Total 8 Ernakulam 276 282 268 228 226 230 34 36 31 Rural 281 291 272 250 249 252 74 78 69 Urban

294 306 280 19 1 184 199 25 27 23 Total 9 Idukkl 295 307 281 188 182 194 23 25 22 Rural 270 276 264 258 22.9 289 63 71 54 Urban

39 TABLE 17: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATES

DlstpCI Total! Total literates COOOs) Per cent Inerates who are Rural! Below primary Primary but below middle Urban P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

10 Kottayam Total 1,555 788 767 121 11 3 129 276 277 276 Rural 1,283 650 633 122 11 5 12,9 283 283 283 Urban 273 138 134 117 106 127 246 249 244

11 AI3PPdZt-- ~ Tota! 1,668 833 835 144 131 158 302 295 30.9 Rural 1,164 579 586 144 130 157 308 302 31 3 Urban 504 255 250 146 134 159 289 260 298

12 Pathan amthlUa Total 997 489 508 132 126 138 267 271 264 Rural 866 424 442 133 127 138 27 1 275 268 Urban 131 64 67 129 123 135 24,1 243 239

13 Kol!am Total 1,912 972 940 146 138 155 285 280 290 Rural 1 559 '792 767 148 140 159 289 284 294 Urban 354 180 174 134 132 - 136 267 260 27.4

14 Thtruvanantilapuram Total 2,293 1.166 1 127 149 137 161 262 258 266 Rural 1.492 761 732 163 150 176 286 284 287

Urban 800 405 395 '< - 11 2 134 21 7 209 226

40 BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

Per cent literates who are Total! D:E~n~t Middle but below matne Matnc but below graduate Graduate and above Rural/ p M F P M F P M F Urban 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2

293 304 282 257 249 266 52 57 48 Total 10 Kottayar:' 295 306 .-'33 255 248 263 45 49 41 Rural 288 299 276 264 253 276 85 9.3 77 Urban

304 314 294 21 5 223 207 35 36 33 Total 11 Alappuzha 303 31 1 294 2~ 6 226 206 3C 32 29 Rural 307 321 292 21 2 21 8 207 46 47 44 Urban

310 314 307 249 247 251 41 42 40 iotai 12 Pathanamthltt

31 3 316 309 246 243 248 37 38 ?~_, I Rural 296 299 293 269 267 271 65 68 62 Urban

321 328 31 4 21 2 21 5 208 36 39 33 Total 13 Kallam 322 329 31 5 209 214 2J 4 32 34 29 Rural 31 7 323 31 0 226 224 228 57 6 1 52 Urban

31 0 31 8 301 222 225 220 57 62 52 Total 14 Thin ,ana nt' -Jp Aam 326 335 31 6 196 199 192 30 31 29 Rural 28 a 286 274 272 272 271 108 120 95 Urban

41

TABLE 18: DlSTRIBUnON OF FEMALES IN THE AGE GROUP 15-44 YEARS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991 District TotaU Number Percentage of women aged 15-44 years by educatronal level Rural! of women Total illiterate Literate Middle but Matne but Graduate Urban aged 15-44 but below betow below and years middle matne graduate above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11 Alappuzha Total 519,728 100 00 3 07 2706 34 99 30 09 480 Rural 360,043 10000 279 2681 3566 3057 419 Urban 159,685 100 00 371 27.62 3348 2902 618

12 Pa1hanamthltta Total 298,752 100 00 258 1735 3634 3778 594 Rural 259,509 10000 2.63 17.59 36.79 3751 548 Urban 39,243 100 00 223 1579 33.36 3960 902

13 Kollam Total 626,387 100.00 673 2463 3515 28.90 460 Rural 508,941 10000 662 2516 3558 28.57 4 08 Urban 117,446 100 00 721 2233 3328 3032 686

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 779,027 100 00 814 2436 3227 2856 666 Rural 512,737 100 00 893 2718 3442 2561 387 Urban 266,290 10000 663 1894 2814 3425 1204

43 TABLE 19: NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN THE AGE GROUP 10-14 YEARS

District Number of Children ages 10-14 Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kerala 3,099,aBO 1,564,752 1,534,328 2,319,470 1,169,470 1,150,000 719,610 395,282 384,328

1 Kasaragod 133,323 67,130 66,193 111,530 55,850 55,680 21.793 11,280 10,513 2 Kannur 264860 134,380 130,480 135,740 68,070 67,670 129,120 66,310 62,810 3 Wayanad 78,560 39,540 39,040 76,100 38,280 37,820 2,480 1,260 1,220 4 Kozhlkode 289,330 147,932 141,398 184,140 93,550 90,590 105,190 54,382 50,808 5 Malappuram 405,040 205,630 199,410 369,330 187,780 181,550 35,710 17,850 17,860 6 Palakkad 269,100 133,380 135,720 229,380 113,730 115,650 39,720 19,650 20,070 7 Thnssur 273,300 136,490 136,810 205,440 102,830 102,610 67,860 33,660 34,200 8 Ernakulam 267,047 135,460 131,587 138,640 70,130 68,510 128,407 65,330 63,077 9 Idukkl 108,490 53,920 54,570 103,470 51,220 52,250 5,020 2,700 2,320 10 Kottayam 167,700 84,440 83,260 137,780 69,580 68,200 29,920 14,860 15,060 11, Alappuzha 194,470 98,480 95,990 136,260 69,320 66,940 58,210 29,160 29,050 12 Pathanamthltta 113,220 57,530 55,690 97,780 49,570 48,210 15,440 7,960 7,480 13 Kollam 251,310 128,010 123,300 203,370 103,800 99,570 47,940 24,210 23,730 14 Thlruvananthapuram 283,310 142,430 140,880 190,510 95,760 94,750 92,800 46,670 46,130

44 AND THE PROPORTION AMONG THEM ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1991

Percentage of children aged 10-14 attending school District Total Rural U,ban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

93.76 9404 9348 93.45 93.81 93.08 94.70 94.71 94.69 Kerala

8957 9219 8691 8923 9218 8628 91 31 9229 9027 1 Kasaragod 9515 9542 9487 9495 9508 9481 9537 9578 9494 2 Kannur 8939 8993 8883 8933 8984 881::2 91 13 9286 8934 3 Wayanad 9526 9521 9532 9532 9555 9508 9517 9463 9575 4 Kazhlkade 9345 9378 9311 9331 9366 9295 94.88 9501 9474 5 Malappuram 8904 9038 8772 8877 9023 8733 9061 9125 8999 6 Palakkad 9389 9379 9399 9372 9347 9397 9441 9477 9406 7 Thnssur 9564 9556 9573 9533 9502 9564 9598 9613 9584 8 Ernakulam 91 19 9197 9042 9097 91 78 9018 9562 9556 9569 9 Idukkl 9540 9506 9575 9546 9513 9581 9512 9475 9548 10 Kattayam 9641 9618 9664 9674 9654 9695 9562 9534 9590 11 Alappuzha 9630 9588 9673 9609 9572 9647 9760 9686 9840 12 Pathanamthltta 9489 9461 9518 9544 9537 9551 9257 91 37 9381 13 Kallam 9334 9353 9316 9298 9322 9274 9408 9415 9402 14 Thlruvananthapuram

45

WORK PARTICIPATION TABLE 20: POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MAIN WORKERS AND

District Total! Proportion (In per cent) of Rural! Population Total (mam+margrnal) workers Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Fema!es 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

AGE GROUP: ALL AGES Kerala Total 29,098,518 14,288,995 14,809,523 31.4 47.6 15.8 Rural 21,418,224 10,512,788 10,905.436 32.1 47.9 16.9 Urban 7,680,294 3,776,207 3,904,087 29.6 46.8 13.0

1 Kasaragod Total 1,071,508 528,803 542,705 333 461 21.0 Rural 895,282 442,648 452.634 33.8 465 213 Urban 176,226 86,155 90,071 31 3 437 193

2. Kannur Total 2,2E:1,727 1,098,838 1,152,88S 289 44.6 138 Rural 1,106,251 545,613 560,638 308 459 161 Urban 1,145,476 553,225 592,251 270 43.5 11 7

3 Wayanad Total 672,128 341,958 330,170 388 532 23.8 Rural 649,179 330,174 319,005 38.8 53.2 23,8 Urban 22,949 11,784 11,165 390 54.1 230

4 Kozhlkode Total 2,619,941 1,292,765 1,327,176 266 446 90 Rural 1,615,444 796,383 819,061 27 S 44.1 10.3 Urban 1,004,497 496,382 508,115 25 S 454 70

5 Malappuram Total 3,096,330 1,508,280 1.588,050 243 407 87 Rural 2,813,876 1.369,418 1,444,458 244 408 9.0 Urban 282.454 138,862 143,592 229 402 6.3

~t;. r;:_ 6 Palakkad Total 2382,235 i i55,8n 1,226 A.;3 ...J,.) .....J 486 23 i Rural 2,007,658 972,765 1,D34,E93 362 487 244 Urban 374,577 183.05, 191,520 318 482 162

""1'1 n 7 Thnssur Total 2J37,311 1j312t.>53 i ,424,628 ,.),(~ t~' 47 ::: 179 Rural 2.017,096 'i' ".,93 1,052.502 32 -1 471 189 Urban 720,2~6 348,l.30 372,126 30 ~' 474 15 1

8 Ernakulam Tota! L.a1i' ,23'2 1,1j.( It:, ',L!~, ~ .408,~87 334 51 5 154 Rural 1.444,05J ;'2;.; Jl 1 721,329 352 524 179 Urban 1,373,177 5B5:,')'13 ,,;:7,2513 316 505 12.7

9 Idukkl Total 1,078,066 54 5,872 5~? H)4 397 552 238 Rural 1,027,185 520,308 5t.lt~ P i' 40 i 554 244 Urban 50,881 25,564 25,31~ 3~ 3 51 8 127

I Q KO';:1yam Total 1,828,271 912,860 915,411 31 2 504 121 Rural 1,507,353 752,358 754,995 31 5 508 12.3 Urban 320,918 160502 160,416 299 485 113

.., I J,!ap'_;:Jzha Total 2. 001.217 975,885 1,()25,332 341 468 220 Rural 1,391,61)7 577,35i 7-1 4 256 342 470 221 Urbaq 609,610 298,534 :: 1,0/6 33 9 465 21 7 MARGINAL WORKERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 1991

ProportIon (10 per cent) of Total! District Main workers Margtnal workers Rural! Persons Males Fema!es Persons Males Females Urban 9 10 11 12 ~13 14 2

AGE GROUP: ALL AGES 28.5 44.8 12.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 Total Kerala 28.8 44.9 13.3 3.2 3.0 3.5 Rural 27.7 44.6 11.3 2.0 2.2 1.7 Urban

305 436 177 29 25 32 Total 1 Kasaragod 307 440 178 30 26 34 Rural 291 416 171 22 22 2.3 Urban

26.2 420 11.2 2.6 27 2.6 Total 2 Kannur 275 42.8 12.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 Rural 250 41.1 10.0 2.0 23 1 7 Urban

33.8 493 178 4.9 39 60 Total 3 Wayanad 338 493 17.8 49 3.9 60 Rural 346 499 186 4.3 42 44 Urban

23.2 403 66 33 43 24 Total 4. Kozhlkode 22.8 391 70 41 50 32 Rural 239 423 59 20 3 1 1.0 Urban

217 377 65 26 3.0 22 Total 5 Malappuram 21.7 37.7 67 27 31 2.3 Rural 21 1 377 5.1 1.8 25 1.1 Urban

330 466 202 25 20 29 Total 6 Palakkad 335 465 21 3 27 22 32 Rural 3004 469 147 14 1 3 1 5 Urban

29.4 448 152 26 24 2.7 Total 7 Thnssur 29.6 446 15.9 2.8 25 30 Rural 288 45.4 133 1.9 20 1 8 Urban

310 491 129 24 24 25 Total 8 Ernakulam 321 498 145 30 27 34 Rural 298 484 11 3 1 8 22 1 4 Urban

361 524 194 36 28 45 Total 9 Idukkl 36.3 525 198 37 29 46 Rural 31 3 5(19 11 6 1 0 09 1 1 Urban

294 485 103 1 8 1 8 1 9 Total 10 Kottayam 295 488 103 20 20 20 Rural 288 472 103 1 1 1.3 1 0 Urban

301 434 174 40 34 45 Total 11 Alappuzha 301 434 174 41 35 47 Rural 302 435 175 36 3 1 42 Urban

49 TABLE 20: POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MAIN WORKERS AND

District Totall ProportJon (In per cent) of RuraJ/ Population Total (mam+margmaJ) workers Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12 Pathanamthltta Total 1,188,332 576,176 612,156 297 480 125 Rural 1,033,298 500,965 532,333 299 484 126 Urban 155,034 75,211 79,823 283 457 11 8

13 Kallam Total 2,407,566 1,182,810 1,224,756 321 477 170 Rural 1,961,530 962,181 999,349 327 481 178 Urban 446,036 220,629 225,407 297 459 138

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 2,946,650 1,447,594 1,499,056 326 502 156 Rural 1,948,407 955,301 993,106 336 51 5 164 Urban 998,243 492,293 505,950 306 477 140

AGE GROUP: 15-59 YEARS Kerala Total 17,812,947 8,676,678 9,136,269 47.3 71.8 24.0 Rural 12,966,250 6,300,631 6,665,619 48.5 72.6 25.8 Urban 4,846,697 2,376,047 2,470,650 44.0 69.6 19.3

1 Kasaragod Total 619,043 301,236 317,807 538 747 340 Rural 513,639 250,074 263,565 547 758 347 Urban 105,404 51,162 54,242 493 693 30.4

2. Kannur Total 1,351,465 653,290 698,175 447 695 21 6 Rural 652,430 319,266 333,164 483 720 257 Urban 699,035 334,024 365,011 414 671 178

3 Wayanad Total 407,815 208,616 199,199 601 814 379 Rural 393,376 200,978 192,398 601 81 4 379 Urban 14,439 7,638 6,801 595 797 368

4 Kozhlkode Total 1,600,172 783,206 816,966 403 682 13.7 Rural 970,571 474,451 496,120 41 1 677 158 Urban 629,601 308,755 320,846 391 690 104

5 Malappuram Total 1,680,384 795,962 884,422 41 7 71 7 148 Rural 1,521,804 719,054 802,750 421 720 152 Urban 158,580 76,908 81,672 385 683 105

6 Palakkad Total 1,398,097 672,575 725,522 554 761 362 Rural 1,168,356 560,929 607,427 568 766 385 Urban 229,741 111,646 118,095 483 736 245

7 Thnssur Total 1,701,522 805,667 895,855 472 702 265 Rural 1,245,016 585,848 659,168 480 704 281 Urban 456,506 219,819 236,687 45 a 696 221

50 MARGINAL WORKERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 1991

Proportion (In per cent) of Total! District MaIO workers Marginal workers Rural! Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Urban 9 10 11 12 13 14 2

27.1 461 92 27 20 3.3 Total 12 Pathanamthltta 272 463 9 1 28 20 35 Rural 265 442 98 1 8 1 5 20 Urban

279 442 123 4.2 3.5 48 Total 13 Kollam 28.1 444 125 45 37 52 Rural 27.0 433 11 1 27 25 28 Urban

30.2 481 12.8 24 2.1 2.8 Total 14 Thiruvananthapuram 305 490 127 31 25 3.7 Rural 29.4 46.4 129 1.2 1 3 1.0 Urban

AGE GROUP: 15-59 YEARS 43.1 67.8 19.5 4.3 4.0 4.5 Total Kerala 43.8 68.3 20.5 4.8 4.3 5.3 Rural 41.2 66.5 16.9 2.8 3.1 2.5 Urban

493 708 28.8 45 3.8 5 1 Total 1. Kasaragod 500 718 29.2 48 3.9 5.5 Rural 45.9 66.0 27.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 Urban

40.8 65.6 176 39 39 39 Total 2 Kannur 43.3 675 202 50 45 55 Rural 385 638 153 29 33 25 Urban

527 756 28.6 74 57 9.2 Total 3 Wayanad 52.7 757 286 75 57 93 Rural 53.0 733 302 6.5 6.4 66 Urban

355 619 101 4.9 63 35 Total 4 Kozhikode 35.0 603 109 61 74 4.9 Rural 361 64.4 89 30 45 1 5 Urban

374 66.6 11 1 44 51 3.7 Total 5 Malappuram 375 668 11.3 4.5 52 3.9 Rural 35.6 64.3 86 29 41 1.8 Urban

51.7 731 318 3.7 2.9 44 Total 6 Palakkad 52.7 73.4 336 41 32 4.9 Rural 46.3 71.7 22.3 20 1.8 22 Urban

435 668 226 3.7 3.4 39 Total 7 Thnssur 440 667 237 4.0 3.6 44 Rural 423 66.9 195 2.7 2.8 26 Urban

51 TABLE 20: POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MAIN WORKERS AND

District Total! Proportion (In per cent) of Rural! Population Total (maln+marglnal) workers Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 Ernakulam Total 1,824,011 917,277 906,734 478 729 22.3 Rural 923,982 464,602 459,380 499 73.4 261 Urban 900,029 452,675 447,354 456 724 185

9 Idukkl Total 692,387 350,857 341,530 580 79.5 359 Rural 659,584 334,360 325,224 586 79.8 368 Urban 32,803 16,497 16,306 46.8 744 189

10 Kottayam Total 1,168,661 583,329 585,332 444 71.1 178 Rural 962,030 479,583 482,447 446 714 180 Urban 206,631 103,746 102,885 432 695 16.7

11. Alappuzha Total 1,256,302 609,030 647,272 491 67.6 31.7 Rural 869,532 419,386 450,146 491 676 31 9 Urban 386,770 189,644 197,126 491 675 31 3

12 Pathanamthltta Total 730,588 346,622 383,966 427 695 185 Rural 634,596 300,671 333,925 42.9 699 18.6 Urban 95,992 45,951 50,041 412 667 178

13 Kollam Total 1,510,089 734,765 775,324 469 698 25.3 Rural 1,227,174 595,586 631,588 477 702 264 Urban 282,915 139,179 143,736 43.7 67.8 204

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 1,872,411 914,246 958165 475 73.5 22.7 Rural 1,224,160 595,843 628,317 49 ° 754 24.0 Urban 648,251 318,403 329,848 446 698 20.3

AGE GROUP: 60+ YEARS Kerala Total 2,567,365 1,190,862 1,376,503 26.3 45.6 9.6 Rural 1,907,590 896,777 1,010,813 28.4 48.7 10.4 Urban 659,775 294,085 365,690 20,3 36.2 7.4

1. Kasaragod Total 74,932 36,219 38,713 27.9 48.0 91 Rural 62,810 31,358 31,452 290 489 91 Urban 12,122 4,861 7,261 225 424 91

2 Kannur Total 189,136 85,558 103,578 231 419 76 Rural 88,294 42,394 45,900 27.4 471 91 Urban 100,842 43,164 57,678 194 368 65

3 Wayanad Total 41,708 20,927 20,781 326 544 10.7 Rural 40,874 20,524 20,350 327 542 10.9 Urban 834 403 431 303 628 00

52 MARGINAL WORKERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 1991

Proportion (m per cent) of Total! District Mam workers Marginal workers Rural/ Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Urban 9 10 11 12 13 14 2

444 696 189 34 3.3 34 Total 8 Ernakulam 457 698 21 3 42 36 48 Rural 431 694 165 2.5 30 20 Urban

528 756 294 5.2 39 65 Total 9 Idukki 531 75.7 300 5.4 41 6.8 Rural 454 732 174 1 4 1 2 1 5 Urban

418 68.6 15.2 26 2.5 26 Total 10 Kottayam 419 68.8 15.1 28 2.6 29 Rural 41.6 677 15.3 16 1.8 1.4 Urban

43.5 62.9 25.3 5.6 47 64 Total 11 Alappuzha 43.3 62.8 252 5.8 4.9 67 Rural 44.0 632 255 5.0 42 58 Urban

38.9 668 137 3.8 27 47 Total 12 Pathanamthitta 39.0 671 13.6 3.9 2.8 5.0 Rural 38.6 64.6 14.8 26 2.1 30 Urban

409 64.8 18.3 6.0 49 7.0 Total 13 Kallam 41.2 65.0 18.7 6.5 5.2 77 Rural 399 64.1 164 3.8 3.7 4.0 Urban

441 705 18.8 3.4 29 3.9 Total 14. Thiruvananthapuram 44.7 71.9 18.8 4.4 3.5 52 Rural 430 67.9 18.9 16 1.9 14 Urban

AGE GROUP: 60+ YEARS 23.2 41.8 7.0 3.1 3.8 2.6 Total Kerala 24.9 44.6 7.5 3.5 4.2 2.9 Rural 18.2 33.6 5.8 2.1 2.7 1.6 Urban

24.8 44.1 6.7 3.1 3.9 24 Total 1 Kasaragod 257 44.9 6.6 3.2 41 2.4 Rural 198 39.4 6.8 26 30 2.3 Urban

19.7 372 5.2 3.4 4.7 24 Total 2 Kannur 23.3 42.1 60 40 50 31 Rural 165 324 46 29 43 1 9 Urban

277 493 59 5.0 5 1 48 Total 3. Wayanad 27.6 490 60 51 5.2 49 Rural 30.3 628 0.0 00 00 00 Urban

53 TABLE 20: POPULATION AND PROPORTION OF MAIN WORKERS AND

District Totall Proportion (in per cent) of Rurall Population Total (mam+margmal) workers Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4 Kozhlkode Total 217,389 99,892 117,497 223 41.0 63 Rural 140,282 65,657 74,625 247 444 74 Urban 77,107 34,235 42,872 17.9 346 4.5

5 Malappuram Total 202,452 93,864 108,588 235 436 61 Rural 183,800 85,450 98,350 24.0 44.3 63 Urban 18,652 8,414 10,238 184 363 3.8

6 Palakkad Total 211,761 96,537 115,224 298 47.5 15 1 Rural 179,417 81,977 97,440 312 492 16.0 Urban 32,344 14,560 17,784 22.3 37.6 98

7. Thnssur Total 272,255 120,245 152,010 24.5 42.4 10.3 Rural 200,969 88,909 112,060 259 445 11.1 Urban 71,286 31,336 39,950 206 365 81

8. Ernakulam Total 264,272 121,311 142,961 250 441 88 Rural 147,688 69,278 78,410 299 51.4 11 0 Urban 116,584 52,033 64,551 188 344 6.2

9.ldukkl Total 74,235 38,056 36,179 334 56.1 95 Rural 70,240 36,360 33,880 33.8 561 99 Urban 3,995 1,696 2,299 261 56.3 39

10. Kottayam Total 193,201 93,190 100,011 257 468 62 Rural 161,759 78,240 83,519 26.9 48.7 6.5 Urban 31,442 14,950 16,492 198 369 4.2

11 Alappuzha Total 221,097 100,766 120,331 28.6 43.9 157 Rural 158,926 73,636 85.290 297 458 158 Urban 62,171 27,130 35,041 257 387 156

12 Pathanamthltta Total 142,438 68,701 73,737 284 514 71 Rural 124,988 60,831 64,157 29.1 521 74 Urban 17,450 7,870 9,580 233 45.9 48

13 Kollam Total 213,052 100,109 112,943 284 491 10 1 Rural 178,333 83,893 94,440 29.7 51.3 105 Urban 34,719 16,216 18,503 21.7 375 79

14 Thiruvananthapuram Total 249,437 115,487 133,950 268 460 103 Rural 169,210 78,270 90,940 30.6 52.5 11 8 Urban 80,227 37,217 43,010 18.9 324 73

54 MARGINAL WORKERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 1991

Proportion (In per cel"t) of Total! District Main workers Marginal workers Rural! Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Urban 9 10 11 12 13 14 2

182 351 39 40 60 24 Total 4 Kozhlkode 196 371 43 5 1 73 3.1 Rural 157 31 2 33 2 1 33 1 2 Urban

203 388 44 3 1 48 1 7 Total 5 Malappuram 20.8 394 46 32 49 1.7 Rural 162 330 24 23 33 14 Urban

271 442 128 27 33 23 Total 6 Pa!akkad 282 458 135 30 35 25 Rural 208 356 87 1 5 20 1 1 Urban

21.9 393 81 26 3 1 22 Total 7 Thnssur 230 41 2 86 29 33 25 Rural 188 342 67 1 8 23 1 3 Urban

226 41 3 67 25 28 22 Total 8 Ernakulam 267 479 80 32 35 30 Rural 173 325 50 1 5 1 9 1 2 Urban

302 528 63 32 32 32 Total 9 Idukkl 305 528 66 33 33 33 Rural 247 540 30 1 5 24 08 Urban

238 445 46 1 9 23 1 6 Total 10 Kottayam 24.8 462 48 2 1 25 1 7 Rural 190 359 36 08 1 0 06 Urban

244 394 118 42 45 39 Total 11 Alappuzha 254 41 0 11 9 43 48 39 Rural 21 7 348 11 6 40 39 40 Urban

25.6 484 44 28 29 26 Total 12 Pathanamthitta 262 490 46 29 3 1 28 Rural 21.7 438 34 1 7 20 1 4 Urban

242 442 66 42 49 35 Total 13 Kollam 25.2 460 67 45 54 38 Rural 194 349 58 23 26 2 1 Urban

240 432 74 29 28 29 Total 14 Thiruvananthapuram 269 49.0 80 36 35 38 Rural 177 309 6.2 1 3 1 5 1.1 Urban

55 TABLE 21 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

District Totall Sex No of Per c.ent main worKers who are Rurall main illiterate Below Pnmary Middle Matnc. Graduate Urban workers primary but below but below but below and middle matne graduate above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kerala Total P 8,301,087 10.8 11.2 28.8 26.7 17.5 5.1 M 6,404,458 7.2 10.2 29.7 29.8 18.4 47 F 1,896,629 22.8 14.6 25.9 16.1 14.3 6.4

Rural P 6,176,865 12.1 12.1 30.0 26.3 16.0 3.4 M 4,721,497 8.1 11.0 31.0 29.5 17.2 3.2 F 1,455,368 25.3 15.6 26.6 16 1 12.3 4.1

Urban P 2,124,222 6.7 8.6 25.4 277 21.7 9.9 M 1,682,961 4.7 7.9 26.0 30.8 21.9 8.8 F 441,261 14.4 11.3 23.3 161 21.0 14.0

1 Kasaragod Total P 326,500 176 171 295 203 126 29 M 230,422 129 161 300 228 147 35 F 96,078 286 196 284 142 76 1 5

Rural P 275,298 187 175 293 199 122 24 M 194,586 139 167 299 223 143 29 F 80,712 302 197 279 139 72 1 1

Urban P 51,202 11 5 149 307 223 150 56 M 35,836 79 129 304 250 172 6.6 F 15,366 200 193 31 5 160 98 34

2 Kannur Total P 590387 70 104 334 278 174 40 M 461,161 45 90 340 305 184 37 F 129,226 159 155 314 185 138 48

Rural P 303,896 90 124 341 260 159 2.6 M 233,639 57 105 349 289 174 26 F 70,257 200 186 31 3 164 11 0 26

Urban P 286,491 49 83 327 298 189 54 M 227,522 33 74 330 321 193 49 F 58,969 11 0 11 9 31 6 20.9 17 1 7.5

3 Wayanad Total P 227,453 200 144 289 21 7 124 27 M 168,680 140 135 31 0 250 137 27 F 58,773 371 171 227 120 86 25

Rural P 219,505 200 145 291 218 12 1 25 M 162,805 140 136 31 2 252 134 26 F 56,700 373 171 228 12 1 83 23

Urban P 7,948 182 11 9 237 170 21 7 74 M 5,875 132 98 257 196 238 76 F 2,073 323 18 1 178 96 15.8 63

56 TABLE 21 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

Dlstnct Total! Sex No of Per cent main workers who are Rural/ main illiterate Below Pnmary Middle Matnc Graduate Urban workers primary but below but below but below and middle matnc graduate above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4 Kozhlkode Total P 609,005 61 104 305 316 164 50 M 521,219 42 94 31 5 343 162 43 F 87,786 175 16 1 247 152 176 89

Rural P 368,882 70 116 330 298 15 1 34 M 311,272 4.7 10.1 341 325 155 31 F 57,610 196 196 272 152 132 52

Urban P 240,123 48 86 267 342 184 74 M 209,947 35 84 276 370 172 62 F 30,176 134 94 199 151 261 160

5 Malappuram Total P 671,486 11 2 153 346 244 11 7 28 M 568,035 87 145 365 266 11 4 23 F 103,451 24.7 194 243 125 136 55

Rural P 611,767 11 4 157 351 242 11 1 25 M 515,688 89 150 370 263 108 21 F 96,079 253 198 247 128 126 47

Urban P 59,719 85 109 298 262 183 63 M 52,347 73 104 314 287 172 50 F 7,372 167 14 1 189 84 267 152

6 Palakkad Total P 786,363 251 137 256 208 120 27 M 538,134 160 130 283 254 143 29 F 248,229 446 153 199 108 71 23

Rural P 672,305 266 144 261 203 108 1 9 M 452,269 172 137 290 250 13 1 21 F 220,036 459 158 201 107 60 14

Urban P 114,058 159 100 230 238 192 80 M 85,865 99 94 248 278 206 76 F 28,193 343 11 9 178 11 9 150 92

7 Thnssur Total P 804,738 104 11 6 297 260 178 46 M 587,948 67 107 302 293 189 43 F 216,790 204 142 281 169 147 56

Rural P 597,197 11.7 126 31 0 259 158 30 M 429,759 76 117 316 292 171 28 F 167,438 223 150 293 173 126 36

57 TABLE 21 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

District Total/ Sex No of Per cent main workers who are Rural/ main Illiterate Below Primary Middle Matrlc Graduate Urban workers primary but below but below but below and middle maine graduate above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Urban P 207,541 66 87 259 262 234 92 M 158,189 42 79 264 295 238 83 F 49,352 142 116 242 156 221 123

8 Ernakulam Total P 873,408 64 97 276 257 226 80 M 691,339 43 90 281 283 231 73 F 182,069 144 124 257 158 208 108

Rural P 464,141 80 11 1 31 5 251 200 44 M 359,572 53 102 319 275 209 41 F 104,569 17 1 142 300 167 168 52

Urban P 409,267 47 81 231 264 256 122 M 331,767 32 76 239 29.1 254 107 F 77,500 108 100 199 146 263 183

9 Idukkl Total P 389,136 165 109 292 251 154 28 M 285,977 100 102 305 291 174 29 F 103,159 348 127 258 143 100 25

Rural P 373,185 169 109 294 252 151 25 M 272,963 10 1 102 307 292 172 26 F 100,222 354 129 260 142 95 21

Urban p 15,951 81 90 255 243 230 101 M 13,014 65 99 263 261 21 8 94 F 2,937 152 51 21 8 163 283 133

10 Kottayam Total P 537,087 34 73 274 300 244 76 M 443,092 23 66 277 324 243 67 F 93,995 86 102 260 185 248 119

Rural P 444,786 35 74 284 303 241 63 M '367,276 24 67 285 327 242 56 F 77,510 89 108 277 19 1 239 96

Urban P 92,301 28 67 228 281 2S 7 139 M 75,816 20 64 238 308 249 12 1 F 16,485 70 78 179 156 295 223

11 Alappuzha Total P 602,604 55 108 320 293 179 46 M 423,866 32 90 307 327 200 45 F 178,738 109 15 1 349 21 2 130 49

Rural P 418,291 55 109 327 29.1 180 38 M 294,118 32 90 31 5 322 203 38 F 124,173 109 154 354 21 6 127 40

58 TABLE 21 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1991

Dlstnct Total! Sex No of Per cent main workers who are Rural! main illiterate Below Pnmary Middle Matnc Graduate Urban workers primary but below but below but below a"d middle matnc graduate above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Urban P 184,31 3 54 105 303 297 177 64 M 129,748 30 89 288 337 194 62 F 54,565 109 144 339 202 136 70

12 Pathanamthitta Total P 321,595 51 89 268 308 225 60 M 265,333 36 81 281 332 222 48 F 56,262 122 126 206 194 236 116

Rural P 280,581 52 90 273 31 0 221 53 M 232,121 3.7 82 286 333 220 4.2 F 48,460 124 128 21 1 201 229 106

Urban P 41,014 4.3 83 233 291 248 102 M 33,212 2.8 76 247 323 240 85 F 7,802 105 11 3 175 151 281 176

13 Kollam Total P 672,712 102 100 275 294 178 51 M 522,623 71 90 278 326 189 46 F 150,089 208 136 267 183 140 6.6

Rural P 552.130 100 104 283 296 174 43 M 427,001 69 9.2 286 329 186 39 F 125,129 208 141 275 185 134 56

Urban P 120,582 108 84 240 283 197 88 M 95,622 83 78 243 31 2 204 8.0 F 24.960 204 109 229 17 1 172 11 6

14. Thlruvananthapuram Total P 888,613 11 2 96 233 283 195 :.1 1 M 696,629 87 86 240 31 3 202 71 := 191,984 202 130 208 174 172 115

Rural P 594,901 124 109 260 301 16 <:) 36 M 468,428 9.5 98 267 330 178 32 F 126,473 233 150 237 194 136 5;)

Urban P 293,712 86 68 179 247 248 172 M 228,201 70 62 186 279 250 'S 3 F 65,511 14.2 90 152 136 240 240

59 TABLE 22 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS

Dlstnct T/ ____~~------__--~--~P~e~r~c~e~n~t~m~a~ln~w~o~r-ke~r~s~e~n~g~a~g~e~d~l~n ______~--~~------RI Cultivation Agricultural Livestock, Mining and Manufactunng, U labour forestry, fishing, quarrymg processing, huntmg and servicing and plantations, repairs In orchards and household allied activities Industry P M F P M F PM F PM F PM F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Kerala T 12.2 14.2 5.6 255 22.4 36.1 9.2 10.1 6.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 2.6 16 5.9 R 15.1 17.7 6.5 30.6 27.0 42.3 10.4 11.3 7.6 1.1 1.2 0.8 2.5 1.5 5.6 U 4.0 4.4 2.4 11.0 9.7 158 5.8 6.8 1.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 2.9 1.7 7.2

1 Kasaragod T 127 154 64 247 244 25 4 10 8 13 7 3 9 1 6 20 07 06 05 08 R 14 1 171 68 263 263 264 11 5 145 45 1 6 20 06 05 04 06 U 56 62 41 160 142 20 2 6 7 9 3 0 7 1 4 17 08 1 1 08 1 9

2 Kannur T 9 1 96 75 207 156 39 0 9 9 11 2 5 3 2 7 28 26 1 3 1 1 2 1 R 146 160 99 289 223 50 9 1 5 0 17 0 8 3 4 0 40 39 10 08 16 U 34 3 1 47 120 87 24 8 4 5 5 2 1 7 1 4 15 12 1 7 15 27

3 Wayanad T 179 21 4 79 329 284 458 ~o n5 284 05 05 05 05 05 06 R 184 220 82 337 291 469 n8 n4 278 05 05 05 05 04 05 U 39 47 14 106 90 15 0 30 9 25 8 45 5 1 5 1 4 1 8 08 07 1 2

4 Kozhlkode T 62 67 31 136 126 194 125 137 57 24 24 29 1 6 1 1 50 R 86 94 42 180 164 264 16.0 17 5 78 33 32 35 1 9 1 1 59 U 25 27 1 1 68 69 61 7.2 80 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 0 32

5 Malappuram T 132 14.5 5.7 339 30 5 52 6 6 1 6 8 2 2 1 3 14 08 1 8 1 5 37 R 137 152 59 352 31 6 546 60 67 22 1 4 1 5 08 1 9 1 5 39 U 76 83 25 204 194 274 74 8 1 24 07 07 10 13 1 1 22

6 Palakkad T 124 147 74 443 32 3 70 3 3 2 3 8 1 8 0 6 08 02 28 28 29 R 136 164 79 481 35 7 73 5 3 4 4 2 1 8 0 7 09 03 26 26 2.6 U 50 54 35 219 143 452 1 7 1 9 1 3 03 03 01 38 35 49

7 Thrissur T 92 108 49 228 17 6 37 0 6 4 7 8 2 7 0 7 08 06 45 27 94 R 11 2 134 58 277 21 5 437 7 1 8 7 29 0 9 09 07 44 24 93 U 34 38 22 87 69 143 45 53 20 04 04 05 48 33 9.5

8 Emakulam T 93 106 43 158 126 278 71 82 30 1.0 1 0 07 16 12 29 R 149 173 63 246 198 412 93 110 37 14 14 11 1 8 14 33 U 30 33 1 7 58 49 98 46 52 22 05 06 03 1 3 1 1 25

9 Idukkl T 194 237 76 222 21 3 245 352 299 500 03 03 01 06 06 07 R 197 241 77 222 214 244 366 31 2 51 4 03 03 01 06 06 06 U 128 148 41 21.0 201 25 1 3 7 3 9 2 6 0 4 03 05 14 1 3 1 7

60 BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

__~ __~~ ______~ __~~P~e~r~c~e~n~t~m~a~ln~w~o~rk~e~rs~en~g~a~g~e~d_l~n~ ____~ ____~~ ______Tf Dlstnct Manufacturing, Construction Trade and Transport, Other services RI processing, commerce storage and U servicing and commumcallons repairs in non household Industry P M F P M F p M F P M F P M F 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2

11.6 10.7 14.B 4.0 4.9 0.9 12.6 15.0 4.6 6.0 7.3 1.5 15.2 12.7 23.7 T Kerala 9.4 8.1 13.B 3.3 4.1 0.7 10.0 12.1 3.2 4.6 5.7 1.1 13.0 11.3 1B.6 R 17.9 17.8 18.2 6.1 7.2 1.8 20.2 23.1 9.1 10.1 12.0 2.9 21.5 16.6 40.3 U

205 88 487 31 42 04 116 148 37 38 5304107111 97 T 1 Kasaragod 197 74 495 30 41 04 100 131 24 34 47 03 99 104 86 R 246 161 445 35 46 07 199 239 106 60 82 08 152 149 159 U

153 151 159 46 54 20 156 192 28 62 73 23 145 128 205 T 2 Kannur 56 56 57 34 40 12 109 137 1 7 40 47 1 7 127 120 153 R 255 248 281 60 68 29 206 249 43 85 10 J 29 16.4 137 267 U

30 35 14 17 21 06 73 94 13 25 33 02 97 84 133 T 3 Wayanad 29 34 13 16 20 05 69 89 12 24 31 02 94 82 129 R 56 66 27 46 55 21 17 6 223 43 58 77 05 188 163 256 U

12 ~ 120 146 61 67 20 184 208 44 98 101 77 171 140 352 T 4 Kozhlkode 84 76 128 49 54 19 151 175 26 81 79 90 159 140 260 R 186 186 181 79 87 21 234 257 80 12.4 13.4 5.4 18.9 14.0 528 U

69 73 47 39 44 07 126 145 22 57 66 06 147 125 268 T 5 Malappuram 67 71 47 38 44 07 120 138 20 53 6106141 121 248 R 83 89 42 45 50 1 1 190 20 Il 59 98 11016211 168 518 U

80 103 29 23 32 04 102 141 1 9 51 72 05 112 109 118 T 6 Palakkad 72 95 26 21 30 03 86 120 15 39 57 02 98 100 93 R 124 147 53 38 46 13 199 249 46 118 14925194 156 31 1 U

148 152 136 44 54 1 7 145 185 37 68 89 13 159 125 251 T 7 Thnssur 13.2 135 124 39 48 14 121 158 26 60 79 12 136 11 1 200 R 195 200 176 59 70 25 21 5 259 73 91 11417224 161 426 U

162 165 149 72 86 18 153 171 85 93 11125174 13 1 335 T 8 Ernakulam 131 124 154 56 68 11105122 47 60 74 12 130 103 223 R 197 209 143 90 105 27 207 224 136 130 15144224 162 487 U

32 38 17 16 21 04 63 80 16 24 31 04 87 72 131 T 9 Idukkl 30 36 15 15 20 03 58 7.4 15 21 28 04 81 67 121 R 72 76 55 37 41 20 184 208 74 87 102 23 229 170 489 U

61 TABLE 22 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS

Dlstnct TI Per cent main workers engaged in RI Cultivation Agricultural Livestock, Minrng and Manufacturing, U labour forestry, fishing, quarrying processing, hunting and servicing and plantations, repairs in orchards and household allied activitres Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

10 Kottayam T 157 184 29 23.4 21 5 323 106 11 9 44 06 06 02 23 15 57 R 179 211 31 256 233 364 11 6 130 48 06 07 0.2 23 15 6.3 U 50 56 1 8 126 125 132 58 65 26 04 04 03 19 17 2.9

11 Alappuzha T 8.0 104 23 242 212 313 80 109 12 05 06 0.2 97 31 255 R 103 134 2.9 29.9 263 386 82 11 2 1 1 05 0.6 02 84 26 22.3 U 2.8 34 1 1 11 1 96 147 75 100 1 5 04 06 02 127 42 32.7

12 Pathanamthltta T 25.8 297 76 271 255 348 64 64 6.2 0.6 06 0.3 12 12 11 R 271 31 1 8.4 278 261 36.0 70 70 69 0.6 06 0.3 12 12 1 1 U 168 20.0 28 225 213 276 23 23 2.2 04 04 01 12 12 1.2

13 Kallam T 161 19.5 43 230 241 188 72 85 2.7 06 06 06 19 1.2 4.2 R 18.7 228 48 260 272 216 64 74 3.0 07 07 0.7 20 12 46 U 42 48 1.7 91 103 45 109 134 16 02 02 0.1 13 1.1 2.2

14 Thiruvananthapuram T 115 12.6 73 29.7 312 24.2 58 70 14 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.3 1.6 4.9 R 151 165 9.9 379 395 318 5.5 66 1.5 0.6 0.6 07 26 1.7 6.1 U 4.1 4.6 2.2 13.1 14.2 9.4 6.5 8.0 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 1 5 1.2 2.4 BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent main workers engaged In TI Dlstnct Manufacturing, Construction Trade and Transport, Other services RI processing, commerce storage and U servicing and communications repairs In non household mdustry p M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2

82 87 61 35 41 06 133 146 68 5~ 64 13 170 122 397 T 10 Kottayam 74 76 63 33 39 06 110 121 60 48 56 11 154 11 3 352 R 124 140 49 46 54 07 239 268 105 87 101 25 248 170 608 U

129 11 8 157 33 45 06 123 157 40 52 70 09 160 150 184 T 11 Alappuzha 106 91 142 30 41 04 100 128 32 41 55 06 151 145 166 R 182 178 192 41 54 1 0 175 224 58 78 104 14 181 163 225 U

58 62 40 32 37 04 96 106 49 45 52 12 159 109 395 T 12 Pathanamthltta 56 58 42 31 36 04 87 96 46 41 48 1 1 149 102 372 R 78 90 27 38 45 06 156 116 69 72 84 18 227 152 542 U

171 105 400 32 40 03 114 133 51 49 61 08 147 122 234 T 13 Kollam 161 92 397 28 35 02 95 11 2 39 40 49 06 139 119 21 0 R 216 164 416 50 62 06 202 226 110 93 114 16 181 137 352 U

97 76 172 40 49 09 11 1 11 4 100 58 6B 21 197 164 316 T 14 Thlruvananthapuram 88 58 200 34 42 06 80 81 78 40 48 13 141 124 203 R 11 5 115 118 52 63 14 174 182 144 93 110 35 310 245 535 U

63 TABLE 23: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS

District Agriculture', hunting, Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electnclty, gas and Construction forestry and fishing water

P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Kerala 47.0 46.8 47.9 1.0 1.1 07 14.2 12.2 20.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 4.0 4.9 0.9

1 , Kasaragod 482 535 356 1 6 20 07 211 92 495 02 02 01 30 41 04 2. Kannur 397 364 51 8 27 28 26 166 162 180 03 04 01 46 54 20 3 Wayanad 748 723 821 05 05 05 35 40 1 9 02 02 00 1 7 21 06 4 Kozhlkode 323 329 282 24 23 29 140 131 196 05 05 03 61 67 20 5 Malappuram 532 518 605 1 3 14 08 87 87 84 03 03 01 39 44 07 6 Palakkad 598 507 795 06 08 02 108 131 57 03 04 01 23 32 04 7 Thnssur 384 362 447 07 08 06 192 179 230 04 05 02 44 54 1 7 8 Emakulam 322 314 352 1 0 10 07 177 177 178 06 06 04 72 86 18 9 Idllkkl 768 750 820 03 03 01 38 44 23 05 07 02 1 6 21 04 10 Kottayam 496 51 8 396 05 06 02 105 102 11 8 06 06 05 35 41 0,6 11 AlilPpuzha 401 423 349 05 06 02 227 149 412 06 07 02 33 45 05 12 pathanamthltta 593 616 486 05 06 03 70 74 51 06 07 04 32 37 04 13 Kollam 463 522 258 06 06 06 189 117 442 06 07 03 32 40 03 14 Ttilruvananthapuram 470 509 329 05 05 05 120 92 220 08 08 06 40 49 09

, Agnculture mclude those classified as cultivators and agnculturallabourers In Census

64 BY NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION, 1991

Wholesale and retail Transport, storage and Flnanclai. Community, social and Activities not District trade & restaurants and communication Insurance, real personal services adequately hotels services estate and busmess defined services p M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

10.7 12.9 3.2 60 7.3 1 5 1.9 21 1.4 13.3 106 22.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 Kerala

102 13 1 33 38 53 04 13 17 04 85 85 85 20 24 1 1 1 Kasaragod 136 170 1 7 62 73 23 20 22 11 130 11 3 188 12 1 1 1 6 2 Kannur 63 82 09 25 33 02 1 0 12 04 83 71 11 9 1 2 1 1 14 3 Wayanad 160 183 24 98 101 77 24 25 20 151 11 9 338 1 5 16 1 1 4 Kozhlkode 11 3 13 1 12 57 66 06 13 13 1 0 125 102 253 19 21 1 3 5 Malappuram 89 123 14 51 72 0'0 1.4 1 8 05 99 95 109 09 1 0 08 6 Palakkad 120 157 22 68 89 1 3 25 28 15 13 1 97 223 23 22 26 7 Thrlssur 122 139 55 93 11 1 25 31 31 30 151 108 315 1 7 1 7 1 5 8 Ernakulam 54 69 12 24 31 04 09 1 1 05 75 58 123 07 07 06 9 Idukkl 108 122 45 55 64 13 24 24 23 150 100 382 1 5 1 6 1 0 10 Kottayam 106 137 32 52 70 09 1 7 21 08 140 124 179 14 1 9 03 11 Alappuzha 79 89 32 45 52 1 2 1 7 1 7 1 7 147 96 388 05 06 04 12 Pathanamthltta 100 11 6 41 49 61 08 15 16 10 134 106 228 07 08 03 13 Kollam 88 91 77 58 68 21 23 23 23 174 139 301 16 17 1 0 14 Thlruvananthapuram

65 TABLE 24: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS

District Professional, technical Administrative, Clerical and related Sales workers and related workers executive and workers managenal workers

P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Kerala 6.76 5.01 12.66 1.81 2.18 0.56 5.03 515 4.61 8.25 9.98 2.41

1 Kasaragod 443 427 481 1 12 1 52 015 288 363 108 764 954 309 2 Kannur 681 532 1214 201 247 037 454 495 309 1044 1304 1 15 3 Wayanad 444 346 724 1 01 1 28 025 240 273 145 445 588 037 4 Kozhlkode 809 621 1922 249 280 069 587 580 624 1222 1404 142 5 Malappuram 709 556 1548 097 1 08 036 329 337 286 847 988 076 6 Palakkad 457 384 614 1 27 177 020 346 424 176 665 936 076 7 Thnssur 643 429 1225 2 11 271 048 500 524 433 943 1235 1 50 8 Ernakulam 765 518 1700 301 352 107 725 679 899 927 1072 376 9 Idukkl 419 292 772 085 1 05 030 257 282 189 399 520 066 10 Kottayam 820 501 2324 215 241 090 626 595 770 876 992 332 11 Alappuzha 689 545 1030 1 81 235 053 488 561 314 814 1053 248 12 Pathanamthltta 858 516 2468 145 1 61 070 481 457 598 646 741 1 97 13 Kollam 701 513 1357 162 192 057 483 503 412 791 924 327 14 Thlruvananlhapuram 768 586 1429 184 206 105 747 685 972 698 707 663

• Farmers Includes those classified as cultivators and agnculturallabourers in Census

66 BY OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION, 1991

Service workers Farmers *, fishermen, Production and related Workers not District hunters, loggers and workers, transport classified by related workers equipment operators and occupations labourers

p M F P M F P M F P M F 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

5.09 4.79 6.11 46.45 46.16 47.44 16.35 15.70 18.54 0.57 0.66 0.27 Kerala

397 467 232 4766 5281 3532 30.98 2215 5213 1 32 140 1 11 1 Kasaragod 519 549 4 11 3933 3593 5146 3077 3170 2744 092 1 11 024 2 Kannur 353 360 333 7362 7100 81 15 982 11 29 560 073 078 061 3 Wayanad 637 572 1024 31 81 3250 2770 3265 3z" 38 34 25 050 055 023 4 Kozhlkode 555 529 6.95 5281 5145 6025 21 OS 2256 1284 077 0.82 0.51 5 Malappuram 499 544 401 5944 5028 7928 1917 2444 773 046 062 013 6 Palakkad 5.63 529 6.53 3806 3574 44 36 3280 3375 3022 054 062 033 7 Thnssur 5.85 4.79 986 3159 3080 3462 3359 36.14 2391 1 79 206 0.78 8 Emakulam 346 357 317 7400 7292 8064 913 10.70 480 083 084 082 9 fdukkl 490 396 934 4890 5101 3898 2013 2100 1604 069 074 049 10 Kottayam 480 507 415 3976 4192 3462 3262 2759 44 56 1 10 148 022 11 Afappuzha 4.23 319 9.13 5867 6094 4795 1511 1632 939 070 0.80 0.21 12 PathanamtMta 4.58 446 500 4553 5135 25.28 2767 21.87 4786 085 100 033 13 Kolfam 519 432 835 4658 50.46 3249 2306 2194 2711 120 143 037 14 ThlTuvananlhapuram

67 TABLE 25: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF NON WORKERS BY MAIN ACTIVITY, 1991

District Sex Total Per cent non workers who are number of Engaged In Students Depend- Retired Beggars Inmates of Others non workers household ents persons or and Institutions dulles renllers vagrants

3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Kerala Persons 19,952,400 29.9 37.0 24.7 1.5 0.1 6.7 Males 7,490,145 2.8 50.1 32.2 3.1 0.1 0.1 11.7 Females 12,462,255 46.2 29.1 20.2 0.6 0.1 3.7

1 Kasaragod Persons 714,212 267 387 290 07 01 48 Males 285,219 21 509 364 14 01 90 Females 428,993 430 306 241 02 21 2 Kannur Persons 1,601,671 291 379 237 15 01 76 Males 608,237 17 511 306 30 01 02 133 Females 993,434 459 298 194 06 42 3 Wayanad Persons 411,614 254 409 293 05 01 38 Males 159,901 11 539 372 08 01 68 Females 251,713 408 326 243 03 19 4 Kozhlkode Persons 1,923,850 323 356 229 15 01 75 Males 716,381 31 497 302 29 01 03 138 Females 1,207,469 497 273 186 06 01 38 5. Malappuram Persons 2,344,180 301 363 283 07 45 Males 894,426 30 499 369 13 89 Females 1,449,754 469 279 231 03 18 6 Palakkad Persons 1,537,094 265 378 282 17 01 58 Males 594,344 18 502 346 31 01 102 Females 942,750 421 300 241 08 3.0 7 Thnssur Persons 1,862,505 305 363 242 17 01 01 71 Males 693,405 43 4q 1 309 32 01 02 12.2 Females 1,169,100 461 288 ;02 08 01 40 8 Emakulam Persons 1,875,131 310 367 221 18 01 83 Males 683,192 24 504 289 39 01 142 Females 1,191,939 473 288 181 07 01 49 9 Idukkl Persons 649,967 274 392 271 08 01 54 Males 244,624 18 520 360 13 01 01 88 Females 405,343 429 315 217 05 34 10 KoUayam Persons 1,257,423 313 :J66 23 a 17 01 72 Males 453,009 20 498 322 36 01 01 122 Females 804,414 479 292 178 06 01 44

68 TABLE 25 : DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF NON WORKERS BY MAIN ACTIVITY, 1991

District Sex Total Per cent non workers who are number of Engaged In Students Depend- Retired Beggars Inmates of Others non workers household ents persons or and Inslltutlons duties rentlers vagrants

2 4 8 9 10

11 Alappuzha Persons 1,319,020 284 379 234 23 01 79 Males 518,857 50 487 288 44 01 130 Females 800,163 436 309 198 09 01 47 12 Pathanamthltta Persons 835,166 326 364 223 24 01 62 Males 299,456 25 50 7 306 52 01 10 9 Females 535710 494 284 177 08 01 35 13 Kollam Persons 1,634,643 294 378 229 15 84 Males 618,638 26 501 299 30 01 144 Females 1,016,005 457 303 187 06 47 14 Thrruvananthapuram Persons 1,985,924 314 360 247 20 01 58 Males 720,456 29 497 328 44 03 99 Females 1,265,468 476 283 200 07 34

69

MIGRATION TABLE 26: IN-MIGRANTS BY

District In-migrants Total from other districts of the state Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kerala 2,765,313 1,179,217 1,586,096 2,329,339 962,963 1,366,376

1 Kasaragod 115,471 54,088 61,383 82,694 41,674 41,020 2 Kannur 209,178 106,238 102,940 180,186 92,186 88.000 3 Wayanad 170,394 88,502 81,892 152,724 79,312 73,412 4 Kozhlkode 205,249 93,587 111,662 170,129 75,887 94,242 5 Malappuram 181,040 74,400 106,640 164,040 65,690 98,350 6 Palakkad 216,218 86,317 129,901 166,014 65,190 100,824 7 Thnssur 209,369 87,380 121,989 181,173 72,954 108,219 8 Ernakulam 288,705 118,560 170,145 246,865 96,790 150,075 9 Idukkl 323,036 156,845 166,191 261,216 124,435 136,781 10 Kottayam 187,161 64,270 122,891 170,231 53,760 116,471 11 Alappuzha 182,804 54,770 128,034 170,234 48,150 122,084 12 Pathanamthltta 165,032 56,274 108,758 148,148 45,590 102,558 13. Kollam 152,766 63,736 89,030 131,725 51,935 79,790 14 Thlruvananthapuram 158,890 74,250 84,640 103,960 49,410 54,550

72 PLACE OF BIRTH, 1991

In-migrants Dlstnct from other states/UTs from other countnes Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 8 9 10 11 12 13 1

398,470 197,970 200,500 37,504 18,284 19,220 Kerala

31,687 11,884 19,803 1,090 530 560 1 Kasaragod 26,042 12,702 13,340 2,950 1,350 1,600 2 Kannur 16,890 8,830 8,060 780 360 420 3 Wayanad 31,280 16,030 15,250 3,840 1,670 2,170 4 Kozhlkode 14,470 7,700 6,770 2,530 1,010 1,520 5 Malappuram 49,044 20,557 28,487 1,160 570 590 6 Palakkad 24.536 12,586 11,950 3,660 1,840 1,820 7 Thnssur 39,110 20,280 18,830 2,730 1,490 1,240 8 Ernakulam 58,870 30,810 28,060 2,950 1,600 1,350 9 Idukkl 15,110 9,610 5,500 1,820 900 920 10 Kottayam 10,7 40 5,820 4,920 1,830 800 1,030 11 Alappuzha 12,730 8,610 4,120 4,154 2,074 2,080 12 Pathanamthltta 16,821 9,701 7,120 4,220 2,100 2,120 13 Kollam 51,140 22,850 28,290 3,790 1,990 1,800 .14 Thlruvananthapuram

73 TABLE 27: IN-MIGRANTS BY PLACE OF LAST RESIDENCE

District In-migrants Total from other districts of state Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kerala 1,188,449 524,850 663,599 925,019 380.383 544,636

1 Kasaragod 51 217 25,054 26,163 35,084 17,854 17,230 2 Kannur 77,609 40,239 37,370 57,847 29,007 28,840 3 Wayanad 48,922 25,998 22,924 38,502 20,208 18,294 4 Kozhlkode 95,562 46,400 49,162 72,182 32,240 39,942 5 Malappuram 94,170 42,700 51,470 78,670 32,960 45,710 6 Palakkad 100,115 39,910 60,205 73,815 27,720 46,095 7 Thnssur 105,260 48,250 57,010 81,390 33,720 47,670 8 Ernakulam 144,560 62,310 82,250 112,950 45,730 67,220 9 Idukk. 89,872 39,840 50,032 68,202 29,320 38,882 10 Kottayam 89,131 33,981 55,150 76,421 26,161 50,260 11 Alappuzha 81,568 29,003 52,565 70,628 22,673 47,955 12 Pathanamthltta 72,552 29,254 43,298 56,808 19,190 37,618 13 Kollam 64,221 26,521 37,700 53,040 19,980 33,060 14 Thlruvananthapuram 73,690 35,390 38,300 49,480 23,620 25,860

74 WITH DURATION OF RESIDENCE 0-9 YEARS, 1991

In-migrants DIstrict from other states/UTs from other countnes Persons Males Fema!es Persons Males Females 3 9 10 11 12 13

225,336 120,403 104,933 38.094 24,064 14,030 Kerala

15,233 6,510 8,723 900 690 210 Kasaragod 16,602 9,022 7,580 3,160 2,210 950 2 Kannur 9,920 5,560 4,360 500 230 270 3 Wayanad 18,470 10,660 7,810 4,910 3,500 1,410 4 Kozhlkode 11,910 7030 4880 3,590 2,710 880 5 Malappuram 25.180 11,400 13,780 1,120 790 330 6 Palakkad 18,450 10,690 7,760 5,420 3,840 1 580 7 Thrtssur 28,540 14,800 13,740 3,070 1,780 1,290 8 Ernakulam 20,770 10,090 10,680 900 430 470 9 Idukkl 10,630 6,780 3,850 2,080 1,040 1,040 10 Kottayam 7,960 4,680 3,280 2,980 1,650 1,330 11 Alappuzha 10,460 7,170 3,290 5,284 2,894 2,390 12 Pathanamthltta 9,381 5,491 3,890 1,800 1,050 750 13 Kallam 21,830 10,520 11,310 2,380 1,250 1,130 14 Thlruvananthapuram

75

RELIGION TABLE 28 : SIX NUMERICALLY BIGGEST RELIGIONS ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS, 1991

DIstrict ReligIon Number of Percent to Percentage foliowers total Rural Urban popu!atlon 2 3 5 6

Kerala Total Population 29,098,518 100.00 73.61 26.39 Hindu 16,668,587 57.28 72.84 27.16 Muslim 6.788,364 23.33 73.43 26.57 Christian 5,621,510 19.32 76.14 23.86 Jain 3,641 0.01 41.17 58.83 Sikh 2,224 0.01 26.93 73.07 Bahai/Baha 245 0.00 62.86 37.14

1 Kasaragod Total PopulatIon 1.071,508 10000 8355 1645 Hmdu 654564 61 09 8259 1741 Muslim 345,458 3224 8292 17 08 Chnstlan 71,100 664 9549 451 Bahal/Baha 50 000 100.00 Jews/Judal 36 000 10000 Jam 30 000 10000

2 Kannur T atal Population 2,251,727 10000 49.13 5087 Hindu 1,417,272 62.94 4464 55.36 Muslim 591,553 2627 4297 5703 Christian 241,296 1072 9059 9.41 Sikh 229 001 873 91.27 Bahal/Baha 66 000 1667 83.33 Zoroastrian 20 000 7000 3000

3 Wayanad Total Population 672,128 100.00 9659 3.41 Hmdu 338,774 5040 9654 3.46 Muslim 173.868 2587 9510 4.90 Christian 157,212 2339 9844 1.56 Jain 1,694 025 8601 1399 Buddhist 31 000 10000 JewsiJudal 12 000 10000

4 Kozhlkode Total Population 2,619,941 10000 61.66 38.34 Hindu 1,546,834 59.04 62.11 37.89 Muslim 949,194 3623 59.01 40.99 Chnstian 121,383 4.63 77.00 2300 Jam 641 002 100.00 Sikh 41 000 21 95 7805 Zoroastnan 26 000 7308 2692

78 TABLE 28 : SIX NUMERICALLY BIGGEST RELIGIONS ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS, 1991

District Religion Number of Percent to Percentage followers total Rural Urban populallon 2 3 4 5 6

5 Malappuram Tota! Population 3,096,330 10000 90.88 912 Muslim 2,085,961 6737 9046 954 Hmdu 937,524 3028 91 57 843 Chnstlan 72,209 233 9390 610 Bahal/Baha 34 000 10000 Sikh 12 000 100 00 Atheist 9 000 3333 666'i

6 Palakkad Total Population 2,382,235 10000 8428 1572 Hindu 1,679.544 7050 8407 1593 Muslim 604,352 2537 8469 1531 Chnstlan 96,953 407 8567 1433 Sikh 24 000 9583 417 Atheist 17 000 5294 4706 Jam 11 000 10000

7 Thnssur Total Population 2,737,311 10000 7369 2631 Hindu 1,628,458 5949 7564 2436 Chnstlan 670,701 2450 6532 3468 Muslim 437,064 1597 7932 2068 Sikh 49 000 7959 2041 Jews/Judal 20 000 100 00 Zoroastrian 7 000 1429 8571

8 Ernakulam Total'Populatlon 2.817,236 10000 51 26 4874 Hmdu 1,353,115 4803 51 78 4822 Chnstlan 1,065,681 3783 5462 4538 Muslim 394,976 1402 4069 5931 " Sikh 1,279 005 375 9625 Jam 1,032 004 010 9990 Zoroastnan 112 000 91 96 804

9 Idukkl Total Population 1,078,066 10000 9528 472 Hindu 549,890 51 01 9606 394 Christian 455,295 4223 9643 357 Muslim 72,195 670 8213 1787 Sikh 29 000 10000 Zoroastrian 24 000 10000 Atheist 3 000 100 00

79 TABLE 28 : SIX NUMERICALLY BIGGEST RELIGIONS ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS, 1991

District Religion Number of Percent to Percentage followers total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6

10 Kottayam Total PopulatIOn 1,828271 10000 8245 1755 Hindu 891,371 4875 8334 1666 Christian 837,914 4583 8471 1529 Muslim 97,767 535 5488 45,12 S\\<'h 65 000 6923 3077 Jam 21 000 2857 71 43 Zoroastrian 4 000 10000

11 Alappuzha Total Population 2,001,217 10000 6954 3046 Hindu 1,380,420 6898 71 96 2804 Christian 434,287 21 70 71 68 2832 Muslim 185,352 926 4647 5353 Jam 123 001 10000 Sikh 99 000 9091 909 BahalfBaha 8 000 10000

12 Pathanamthltta Total Population 1,188,332 10000 86,95 1305 Hindu 660,432 5558 8749 1251 Christian 479,468 4035 8849 11 51 Muslim 47,919 403 6417 3583 Sikh 14 000 7857 2143 Jain 10 000 2000 8000 Buddhist

13 Kallam Total Population 2,407,566 10000 81 47 1853 Hindu 1,572,209 6530 8296 1704 Muslim 424,866 1765 7769 2231 Christian 409,256 1700 7970 2030 Sikh 103 000 9029 971 Buddhist 40 000 4000 6000 Jam 16 000 1875 81 25

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total Population 2,946,650 10000 6612 3388 Hindu 2,058,180 6985 6467 3533 Christian 508,755 1727 7154 2846 Muslim 377,839 1282 6676 3324 Sikh 267 001 6255 3745 Buddhist 54 000 1296 8704 Jam 38 000 10000

80 LANGUAGE TABLE 29: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

District Total Sched 'I~" ~anguages Population Assamese Bengali GUjaratl Hindi Kannada Kashmln Konkam Malayalam Mampun

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala 29,098,518 264 1,919 6,369 21,751 75,571 102 64,008 28,096,376 81

1 Kasaragad 1,071,508 3 16 19 1,504 48,933 17,097 862,961 2 Kannur 2,251,727 6 52 409 1,181 1,402 7 2,485 2,233,078 3 3 Wayanad 672,128 3 14 152 9,549 177 646,817 4 Kazhlkode 2,619,941 26 121 1,605 1,464 891 3 1,490 2,593,066 8 5 Malappuram 3,096,330 19 64 289 520 79 3,085,811 6 Palakkad 2,382,235 4 29 127 459 6,704 267 2,168,315 7 Thnssur 2,737,311 2 41 104 686 2,596 2,460 2,706,260 8 Emakulam 2,817,236 78 980 3,058 10,084 1,597 21 25,732 2,733,279 23 9 Idukkl 1,078.066 2 28 8 298 1,781 59 849,490 10 Kottayam 1,828,271 10 36 28 508 249 1,512 1,809,877 11 Alappuzha 2,001,217 8 28 466 572 205 9,744 1,981,122 12 Pathanamthltta 1,188,332 16 6 5 193 88 309 1,175,805 13 Kallam 2,407,566 6 54 175 533 193 1,618 2,375,080 14 Thlruvananlhapuram 2,946,650 102 506 287 3,828 863 67 979 2,875,415 43

82 BY SCHEDULED LANGUAGES, 1991

Scheduled Languages Total of Non- District Scheduled Scheduled Marathl Nepali Onya PunJabl Sansknt Smdhl Tamil Telugu Urdu Languages Languages Col 3 to 20 Total 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

31,035 1,312 133 2,201 31 1,185 616,010 47,216 12,625 28,918,789 119,729 Kerala

24,815 21 3 2 2 1 4,136 285 4,988 964,787 106,721 1 Kasaragod 595 92 29 267 10 8,947 2,303 545 2,251,411 316 2 Kannur 96 48 7 11,513 1,391 217 669,986 2,142 3 Wayanad 715 72 35 70 156 15,242 3,548 930 2,619,442 499 4 Kozhlkode 371 24 9 7,137 1,491 301 3,096,116 214 5 Malappuram 230 58 9 2 179,919 20,955 2,235 2,379,314 2,921 6 Palakkad 540 124 12 23 1 18 19,315 4,114 588 2,736,886 425 7 Thnssur 1,88B 314 368 1,383 20 870 30,294 3,433 1,151 2,814,573 2,663 8 Emakulam 137 50 16 55 224,027 1,932 95 1,077,980 86 9 Idukkl 247 178 16 29 4 13,900 1,390 54 1,828,038 233 10 Kottayam 19B 131 8 21 7,113 840 166 2,000,623 594 11 Alappuzha 72 52 7 16 11,328 309 26 1,188,234 98 12 Pathanamthltta 121 16 19 20 26 26,675 1,908 241 2,406,686 880 13 Kallam 1,010 132 201 305 2 104 56,464 3,317 1,088 2,944,713 1,937 14 Thlruvananthapuram TABLE 30: NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban populalion 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kerala State Malayalam 28,096,376 96560 20,714,066 7,382,310 7373 2627 2 Tamil 616,010 2120 448,090 167,920 7274 2726 3 Tulu 111,670 0380 101,260 10,410 9068 932 4 Kannada 75,571 0260 61,672 13,899 81 61 1839 5 Konkanl 64.008 0220 21,357 42,651 3337 6663 6 Telugu 47,216 0160 26,619 20,597 5638 4362 7 Marathl 31,035 0110 26,270 4,765 8465 1535 8 Hindi 21,751 0080 5,891 15,860 2708 7292 9 Urdu 12,625 0040 6,654 5,971 5270 4730 10 OUjaratl 6,369 0020 297 6.072 466 9534 11 English 3,002 0010 344 2,658 11 46 8854 12 PunJabl 2,201 0010 316 1.885 1436 8564 13 Bengali 1,919 0010 412 1,507 2147 7853 14 Nepali 1,312 0010 526 786 4009 5991 15 Smdhl 1,185 0004 9 1,176 076 9924 16 Onya 733 0003 166 567 2265 7735 17 Bhlli/Bhllodl 277 0001 277 10000 18 Assamese 264 0001 119 145 4508 5492 19 Arablc/Arbl 243 C 001 73 170 3004 6996 20 Dogn 134 2 132 1 49 9851 21 KashmJrl 102 4 98 392 9608 22 Manlpun 81 38 43 4691 5309 23 Coorgl/Kodagu 75 44 31 5867 4133 .., 24 Sansknt 31 , 24 2258 7742 25 Lushal/Mlzo 12 6 6 5000 5000 26 Khasl 11 10 909 9091 Total of Other Languages 4.305 0020 3,704 601 8604 1396 All Languages Total 29,096,518 100000 21,418,224 7,680,294 7361 2639

1 Kasaragod District 1 Malayalam 862,961 80540 707,676 155,285 8201 1799 2 Tulu 106,445 9930 99,268 7,177 9326 674 3 Kannada 48,933 4570 41,185 7,748 8417 1583 4 Marathl 24,815 2320 24,652 163 9934 066 5 Konkam 17,097 1600 13609 3,488 7960 2040 6 Urdu 4.988 0470 4,381 607 8783 1217 7 Tamil 4,089 0390 2,858 1,231 6910 3090 8 Hindi 1,504 0140 1,148 356 7633 ?, 1"7 9 Telugu 285 0030 180 105 6316 3684 10 Nepali 21 0002 4 (( 1905 8095 11 GUjaratl 19 0002 9 10 4737 5263

84 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS. 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

12 Bengali 16 0001 8 8 5000 5000 13 English 5 5 10000 14 Coorgl/Kodagu 4 3 2500 7500 15 Onya 3 3 100 00 16 Assamese 3 2 3333 66.67 17 Punjabl 2 5000 50.00 18 Sanskrit 2 5000 50.00 19 Kashmln 1 100.00 20 Slndhl 10000 Total of Other Languages 314 0030 296 18 94.27 573 All Languages Total 1,071,508 100 000 895,282 176,226 8355 1645

2 Kannur District 1 Malayalam 2,233,078 99170 1,101,428 1,131,650 4932 50 68 2 Tamil 8,947 0400 3,250 5,697 3633 6367 3 Konkam 2,485 0110 182 2,303 732 9268 4 Telugu 2,303 0100 274 2,029 1190 8810 5 Kannada 1,402 0060 605 797 4315 5685 6 Hindi 1,181 0050 190 991 1609 8391 7 Marathl 595 0030 266 329 4471 5529 8 Urdu 545 0020 14 531 257 9743 9 GUjaratl 409 0020 5 404 1 22 9878 10 Punjabl 267 0010 5 262 187 9813 11 English 162 0010 161 062 9938 12 Nepali 92 0004 11 81 11 96 88 04 13 Tulu 67 0003 3 64 448 9552 14 Bengali 52 0002 51 1 92 9808 15 Onya 29 0001 4 25 1379 8621 16 Dogn 23 0001 23 10000 Total of Other Languages 90 0004 12 78 1333 8667 All Languages Total 2,251,727 100 000 ',106,251 I r"h-!!,476 4913 50 87

3 Wayanad District Malayalam 646,817 96230 625,254 21,563 9667 333 2 Tamil 11,513 1 710 10,736 777 9325 675 3 Kannada 9,549 1420 9,101 448 9531 469 4 Tulu 1,669 0250 1,654 15 9910 090 5 Telugu 1,391 0210 1,301 90 9353 647 6 Urdu 217 0030 208 9 9585 415 7 Konkanl 177 0030 157 20 8870 11 30 8 Hindi 152 0020 148 4 9737 263 9 BhililBhllodl 136 0020 136 100 00

85 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF TlfE NUMBER OF SPeAKERS, 1991

language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

10 Marattll 96 0.010 91 5 94 79 5.21 11 Nepali 48 0.010 39 9 8125 18.75 12 EnglISh 32 0.010 30 2 9375 6.25 13 CoorgIIKodagu 23 0.003 16 7 6957 30.43 14 GUJaratl 14 0.002 14 10000 15 Punjabl 7 0.001 7 100.00 16 ArabrclArbl 7 0.001 7 100.00 Total of Other Languages 280 0.040 280 100.00 All Languages Total 672,128 100.000 649,179 22,949 96.59 3.41

4 KozhiItode District 1 Malayalam 2,593,066 98.970 1,606,617 986,449 6196 38.04 2 Tamil 15,242 0.580 6,277 8,965 41 18 5882 3 Terugu 3,548 0140 1,231 2,317 34 70 6530 4 GUJaratl 1,605 0060 47 1,558 293 97 07 5 Konkam 1,490 0.060 76 1,414 510 94.90 6 Hmdl 1,464 0060 386 1,078 2637 73.63 7 Ul1:1u 930 0040 58 872 624 9376 8 Kannada 891 0.030 231 660 2593 74.07 9 Marathl 715 0.030 270 445 3776 6224 10 English 239 0.010 238 042 99.58 11 Srndhl 156 0010 156 100.00 12 Bengali 121 0010 97 24 8017 19.83 13 Nepali 72 0003 35 37 4861 5139 14 PunJabi 70 0003 16 54 2286 77 14 15 Tulu 46 0002 8 38 1739 8261 16 Onya 35 0001 18 17 5143 4857 Total of Other Languages 251 0010 76 175 3028 6972 All Languages Total 2,619,941 100000 1,615,444 1,004,497 6166 3834

5 Malappuram District 1 Malayalam 3,085,811 99660 2,805,485 280,326 9092 908 2 Tamil 7,137 Q 230 5}17 1,420 8010 1990 3 Telugu 1,491 0050 1,383 108 9276 724 4 Kannada 520 0020 433 87 8327 1673 5 Marathl 371 0010 266 105 7170 2830 6 Urdu 301 0010 99 202 3289 6711 7 Hindi 289 0010 175 114 6055 3945 8 Bhlil/Bhllodl 14~ 0010 141 10000 3544 9 Konkani 79 0003 51 28 6456 6094 10 GUJaratl 64 0002 25 39 39 Of' 11 Nepail 24 0001 19 5 791- 2083

':6 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

12 English 23 0001 19 4 8261 17 39 13 Bengali 19 0001 18 1 94 74 526 14 Arablc/Arbl 14 8 6 5714 4286 15 Onya 9 5 4 5556 4444 16 Tulu 9 5 4 5556 4444 Total of Other Languages 28 0001 27 9643 357 All Languages Total 3,096,330 100000 2,813,876 282,454 9088 912

6 Palakkad District 1 Malayalam 2,168,315 91020 1,848,888 319,427 8527 1473 2 Tamil 179,919 7550 132,741 47,178 7378 2622 3 Telugu 20,955 OS80 16,064 4,891 7666 2334 4 Kannada 6,704 0280 5,340 1,364 7965 2035 5 Urdu 2,235 0090 1,248 987 5584 4416 6 Hrndl 459 0020 263 196 5730 4270 7 Konkanl 267 0010 123 144 46 07 5393 8 Marathl 230 0010 97 133 4217 5783 9 GUjaratl 127 0010 53 74 4173 5827 10 Tulu 118 0.010 15 103 1271 8729 11 Nepali 58 0002 32 26 5517 4483 12 English 57 0002 14 43 2456 7544 13 Bengali 29 0001 23 6 7931 2069 14 Orrya 9 9 10000 15 Assamese 4 3 7500 2500 16 ArablclArbl 3 3 10000 Total of Other Languages 2,746 0120 2,742 4 9985 015 All Languages Total 2,382,235 100000 2,007,658 374,577 8428 1572

7 Thrissur District Malayalam 2,706,260 98870 1,999,002 707,258 7387 2613 2 Tamil 19,315 0710 11,275 8,040 5837 41 63 3 Telugu 4,114 0150 3,048 1,066 7409 2591 4 Kannada 2,596 0100 2,373 223 91 41 859 5 Konkanl 2,460 0090 368 2,092 1496 8504 6 Hindi 686 0030 318 368 4636 5364 7 Urdu 588 0020 253 335 4303 5697 8 Marathr 540 0020 183 357 3389 6611 9 Tulu 151 0010 45 106 2980 7020 10 Nepalr 124 0010 58 66 4677 5323 11 Arablc/Arbl 118 0004 21 97 1780 8220 12 GUjaratl 104 0004 21 83 2019 7981 13 English 77 0003 29 48 3766 6234

87 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

14 Bengali 41 0001 17 24 4146 5854 15 PunJabl 23 0001 11 12 4783 5217 16 Smdhl 18 0001 8 10 4444 5556 Total of Other Languages 96 0004 65 31 6771 3229 All Languages Total 2,737,311 100000 2,017,095 720216 7369 2631

B Ernakulam District 1 Malayalam 2,733,279 97020 1,434,631 1,298,648 5249 4751 2 Tamil 30,294 1080 5,353 24,941 1767 8233 3 Konkanl 25,732 0910 2,727 23,005 1060 8940 4 Hindi 10,084 0360 380 9,704 377 9623 5 Telugu 3,433 0120 402 3,031 11 71 8829 6 GUJaratl 3,058 0110 4 3054 013 9987 7 Marathl 1,888 0070 55 1,833 291 9709 8 Kannada 1,597 0060 135 1,462 845 91 55 9 PunJabl 1,383 0050 32 1,351 231 9769 10 English 1,281 0050 32 1 249 250 9750 11 Urdu 1,151 0040 76 1,075 660 9340 12 Tulu 1,016 0040 70 946 689 9311 13 Bengali 980 0040 58 922 592 9408 14 Stndhl 870 0030 870 100 00 15 Onya 368 0010 23 345 625 9375 16 Nepali 314 0010 62 252 1975 8025 Total of Other Languages 508 0020 19 489 374 9626 All Languages Total 2,817236 100 000 1,444,059 1,373,177 5126 4874

9 Idukki District 1 fy'Ialayalam 849,490 78800 799,649 49,841 9413 587 2 Tamil 224,027 20 780 223,262 765 9966 034 3 Telugu 1 932 0180 1,715 217 8877 11 23 4 Kannada 1,781 0170 1,775 6 9966 034 5 Hindi 298 0030 293 5 9832 168 6 Marathl 137 0010 127 10 9270 730 7 Urdu 95 0010 91 4 9579 421 8 Konkant 59 ' 0010 33 26 5593 4407 9 PunJabl 55 0010 55 100 00 10 Nepali 50 0010 43 7 8600 1400 11 English 49 0010 49 100 00 12 Bengali 28 0003 28 100 00 13 Coorgl/Kodagu 16 0001 16 laC 00 14 Onya 16 0001 16 10000 ,5 Tulu 9 0001 9 100 00

88 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

16 GUJaratl 8 0001 8 10000 Total of Other Languages 16 0001 16 10000 All Languages Total 1,078,066 100000 1,027,.85 50,881 9528 472

10 Kottayam District 1 Malayalam 1,809,877 98990 1,498,788 311,089 8281 1719 2 Tamil 13,900 0760 6,853 7,047 4930 5070 3 Konkanl 1,512 0080 515 997 3406 6594 4 Telugu 1,390 0080 369 1,021 2655 7345 5 Hindi 508 0030 303 205 5965 4035 6 Kannada 249 0010 1~ 111 5542 44 58 7 Marathl 247 0010 93 154 3765 6235 8 Nepali 178 0010 64 114 3596 6404 9 Tulu 89 0010 34 55 3820 6180 10 English 55 0003 30 25 5455 4545 11 Urdu 54 0003 19 35 3519 64 81 12 Bengali 3'3 0002 33 3 9167 833 13 Punjabl 29 0002 11 18 3793 6207 14 GUjaratl 28 0002 12 16 4286 5714 15 Orlya 16 0001 13 3 81 25 1875 16 Arablc/Arbl 13 0001 9 4 6923 3077 Total of Other Languages 90 0010 69 21 7667 2333 All Languages Total 1,828,271 100000 1,507,353 320,918 8245 1755

11 Alappuzha District Malayalam 1,981,122 99000 1,385,049 596,D73 6991 3009 2 Konkanl 9,744 0490 3,312 6,432 3399 6601 '3 Tamil 7,113 0360 2,470 4,643 3473 6527 4 Telugu 840 0040 149 691 1774 8226 5 Hindi 572 0030 324 248 5664 4336 6 GUjarat' 466 0020 9 457 193 9807 7 Tulu 350 0020 47 303 13 43 8657 8 Kannada 205 0010 74 131 3610 6390 9 Marathl 198 0010 29 169 1465 8535 10 English 184 0010 16 168 870 9130 11 Urdu 166 0010 22 144 1325 8675 12 Nepali 131 0010 59 72 4504 5496 13 Arablc/Arbl 41 0002 40 244 9756 14 Bengali 28 0001 15 13 5357 4643

89 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who returned the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban populatIOn 2 3 4 5 6 7

15 PunJabl 21 0001 5 16 2381 7619 16 Onya 8 6 2 75 00 25 00 Total of Other Languages 28 0001 20 8 7143 2857 All Languages Total 2,001,217 100 000 1,391,607 609,610 6954 30 46

12 Pathanamthitta District Malayalam 1,175,805 98950 1,022,913 152,892 87 00 13 00 2 Tamil 11,328 0,950 9,670 1,658 8536 1464 3 Telugu 309 0030 190 119 6149 3851 4 KonkanJ 309 0030 86 223 2783 72,17 5 Hindi 193 0020 160 33 8290 1710 6 Kannada 88 0010 73 15 8295 17 05 7 Marathl 72 0010 34 38 4722 5278 8 English 57 0010 36 21 6316 3684 9 Nepali 52 0004 42 10 8077 1923 10 UrdU 26 0002 26 100 00 11 Tulu 23 0002 19 4 8261 1739 12 Assamese 16 0001 11 5 6875 31 25 13 PunJabl 16 0001 5 11 3125 6875 14 Arablc/Arbl 11 0001 11 100 00 15 Onya 7 0001 3 4 4286 5714 16 Bengali 6 0001 6 100 00 Total of Other Languages 14 0001 13 9286 714 All Languages Total 1,188,332 100000 1,033,298 '155,034 8695 13 05

13 Kallam District 1 Malayalam 2,375,080 98650 1,945,167 429,9~3 8190 1810 2 Tamil 26,675 1 110 15326 11,349 5745 4255 3 Telugu 1,908 0080 203 1,705 1064 8936 4 Konkanl 1,618 0070 97 1,521 600 9400 5 English 539 0020 47 492 872 91 28 6 Hindi 533 0020 227 306 4259 5741 7 Urdu 241 0010 30 211 1245 8755 8 Kannada 193 Q 010 97 96 5026 4974 9 Tulu 182 0010 36 146 1978 8022 10 GUJaratl 175 0010 63 112 3600 64 00 11 Marathi 121 0010 45 76 3719 6281 12 Bengali 54 0002 41 13 7593 24 07 13 Smdhl 26 I) 001 26 10000 14 PunJabl 20 0001 6 14 3000 7e 00

90 TABLE 30 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST LANGUAGES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Language Number of Persons who retumed the Language as their mother tongue Total Per cent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban populatIOn 2 ,3 4 5 6 7

15 Onya 19 0.001 13 6 68.42 3158 16 Nepali 16 0001 6 10 37.50 62.50 Total of Other Languages 166 0010 126 40 7590 2410 All Languages Total 2,407,566 100000 1,961,530 446,036 8147 18.53

14 Thiruvananthapuram District Malayalam 2,875,415 97580 1,933,519 941,896 67.24 32.76 2 Tamil 56,464 1 \uO 12,302 44,162 21.79 78.21 3 Hindi 3,828 0130 1,576 2,252 4117 58.83 4 Telugu 3,317 0110 110 3,207 3.32 96.68 5 Tulu 1,496 0050 47 1,449 3.14 96.86 6 Urdu 1,088 0040 129 959 11.86 88.14 7 Marathl 1,010 0030 62 948 6.14 9386 8 KonkaOi 979 0030 21 958 215 9785 9 Kannada 863 0.030 112 751 1298 87.02 10 Bengali 506 0.020 64 442 12.65 87.35 11 Punjabl 305 0010 159 146 5213 47.87 12 GU,}3rab 287 0010 22 265 767 92.33 13 English 242 0010 35 207 14.46 85.54 14 Onya 201 0010 49 152 24.38 75.62 15 Nepali 132 0.004 52 80 3939 60.61 16 Sindhl 104 0004 104 100.00 Total of Other Languages 413 0010 148 265 35.84 6416 All Languages Total 2,946,650 100000 1,948,407 998,243 66.12 33.88

31 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persens who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

Kerala State Malayalam 28,095,017 96550 20,712,712 7,382,305 7372 2628 2 Tamil 615,946 2120 448,073 167,873 72 75 2725 3 Tulu 111,584 0380 101,182 10,402 9068 932 4 Kannada 74,407 0260 60,526 13,881 8134 1866 5 Konkanl 61,928 0210 21,149 40,779 3415 6585 6 Telugu 47,147 0160 26,611 20,536 5644 4356 7 Marathl 31,035 0110 26,270 4,765 8465 1535 8 Hindi 19,956 0070 5,341 14,615 2676 7324 9 Urdu 12,625 0040 6,654 5,971 5270 4730 10 GUjaratl 6,139 0020 210 5,929 342 9658 11 English 3,002 0010 344 2,658 1146 8854 12 Punjabl 2,201 0010 31.6 1,885 1436 8564 13 Bengali 1,912 0010 412 1,500 2155 7845 14 Nepali 1,312 0010 526 786 40'09 5991 15 Kachehhl 1,001 0003 8 993 080 9920 16 Onya 730 0003 163 567 2233 7767 17 Rajastham 269 0001 23 246 855 91.45 18 Assamese 262 0,001 117 145 4466 5534 19 ArablC/Arbl 243 0001 73 170 3004 6996 20 Bhoj Pun 233 0001 12 221 515 9485 21 Marwan 227 0001 227 10000 22 Slndhl 184 0001 1 183 054 9946 23 SaurashtralSaurashtn 140 28 112 2000 80 00 24 Dogn 134 2 132 149 9851 25 Lamant/Lambadl 104 28 76 2692 73 08 26 Kashmln 102 4 98 392 9608 Total of Other Mother Tounges 10,678 0040 7,439 3,239 6967 3033 All Mother Tounges Total 29,098,518 100000 21,418,224 7,680,294 7361 2639

Kasaragod District 1 Malayalam 862,961 80540 707,676 155,285 8201 17.99 2 Tulu 106,367 9930 99,190 7,177 9325 675 3 Kannada 48933 4570 41,185 7,748 8417 1583 4 Marathl 24,815 2320 24,652 163 9934 066 5 Konkanl 17,097 1600 13,609 3,488 7960 2040 6 Urdu 4,988 0470 4,381 607 8783 12 17 7 Tamil 4,089 0380 2,858 1,231 6989 3011 8 Hindi 1,025 0100 679 346 66 24 3376 9 Telugu 285 0030 180 105 6316 3684 10 Lamam/Lambadl 28 0003 28 10000

92 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

11 Nepali 21 0002 4 17 1905 8095 12 GUJaratl 18 0002 8 10 4444 5556 13 Bengah 16 0001 8 8 5000 5000 14 Enghsh 5 5 10000 15 CoorgliKodagu 4 3 2500 7500 16 Assamese 3 2 3333 6667 17 Sansknt 2 5000 5000 18 PunJabl 2 5000 5000 19 SaurashtrafSaurashtn 10000 20 Rajasthanl 100 00 21 Kashmir! 10000 22 Slndhl 1 10000 Total of Other Mother Tounges 845 0080 813 32 9621 379 All Mother Tounges Total 1,071,508 100000 895,282 176,226 8355 1645

2 Kannur District 1 Malayalam 2,233,078 99170 1,101,428 1,131,650 4932 5068 2 Tamil 8,947 0400 3,250 5,697 3633 6367 3 Konkanl 2,470 0110 182 2,288 737 9263 4 Telugu 2,303 0100 274 2,029 1190 8810 5 Kannada 1,402 0060 605 797 4315 5685 6 Hindi 1,143 0.050 190 953 1662 8338 7 Marathl 595 0030 266 329 4471 5529 8 Urdu 545 0020 14 531 257 9743 9 GUjaratl 408 0020 5 403 123 9877 10 Punjabl 267 0010 5 262 187 9813 11 English 162 0010 161 062 9938 12 Nepali 92 0004 11 81 11 96 8804 13 Tulu 67 0003 3 64 448 9552 14 Bengali 52 0002 1 51 1 92 9808 15 Oriya 29 0001 4 25 1379 8621 16 Oogn 23 0001 23 10000 Total of Other Mother Tounges 144 0010 12 132 833 9167 All Mother Tounges Total 2,251,727 100.000 1,106,251 1,145,476 4913 5087

3 Wayanad District Malayalam 646,527 96190 624,964 21,563 9666 334 2 Tamil 11,513 1 710 10,736 777 9325 675 3 Kannada 9,407 1400 8,959 448 9524 476 4 Tulu 1,669 0250 1,654 15 9910 090 5 Telugu 1,383 0210 1,293 90 9349 651

93 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NU_ER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as thetr mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban populabon 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 Urdu 217 0.030 208 9 9585 4.15 7 Konkant In 0030 157 20 88 70 11 30 8 HII1dI 152 0020 148 4 9737 2.63 9 Marath. 96 0010 91 5 94.79 5.21 10 Nep.a 48 0.010 39 9 8125 1875 11 ~nglish 32 0.010 30 2 9375 6.25 ~'" I. 12 '.~rgilKodagu 23 0003 16 7 6957 30.43 "3 "GUJafCIlJ 14 0.002 14 100 00 14 Pu",abI 7 0001 7 100 00 '15' Arablc/Arbl 7 0001 7 100.00 16 Bengali 3 3 100.00 Total 01 other Mother T ounges 853 0,130 853 100.00 All Mother Tounges Total 672,128 100 000 649,179 22,949 96.59 3.41

4 Kozhikode District 1 Malayalam 2,593,066 98.970 1,606,617 986,449 6196 38.04

2 Tam~ 15,242 0580 6,277 8,965 41 18 58.82 3 Telugu 3,487 0130 1,231 2,256 3530 64.70 4 GUjarab 1,603 0.060 47 1,556 293 97.07 5 KonkaOi 1,412 0.050 76 1,336 538 94.62 6 HIndi 1,378 0050 365 1,013 2649 73.51 7 Urdu 930 0040 58 872 624 93.76 8 Kannada 891 0030 231 660 2593 74.07 9 Marathl 715 0030 270 445 3776 62.24 10 English 239 0.010 238 Q42 99.58 11 Bengali 121 0010 97 24 8017 1983 12 Kachehh. 90 0003 90 10000 13 Nepali 72 0003 35 37 48.61 5139 14 Punjab! 70 0003 16 54 2286 7714 15 Slndhl 66 0003 66 10000 16 Tulu 46 0002 8 38 1739 8261 Total of Other Mother Tounges 513 0020 115 398 2242 77 58 All Mother Tounges Total 2,619,941 100 000 1,615,444 1,004,497 6166 3834

5 Malappuram District 1 Malayalam 3,085,759 99660 2,805,437 280,322 9092 908 2 Tamil 7,120 0230 5,700 1,420 8006 1994 3 Telugu 1,491 0050 1,383 108 9276 724 4 Kannada 512 0020 425 87 8301 1699 5 Marathl 371 0010 266 105 71 70 2830 6 Urdu 301 0010 99 202 3289 6711

94 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tonguE. Total Percent to Rural Urban ProportIon total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

7 HindI 213 0010 175 38 8216 1784 8 Lamanr/Lambad I 76 0002 76 10000 9 Konkanl 72 0002 51 21 7083 2917 10 GUJaratl 44 0001 8 36 1818 81 82 11 Nepali 24 0001 19 5 7917 2083 12 Engilsh 23 0001 19 4 8261 1739 13 Bengail 19 0001 18 1 94 74 526 14 Arablc/Arbl 14 8 6 5714 4286 15 Onya 9 5 4 5556 4444 16 Tulu 9 5 4 5556 4444 Total Of Other Mother Tounges 273 0010 258 15 94 51 549 All Mother Tounges Total 3,096,330 100000 2,813,876 282,454 9088 912

6 Palakkad District 1 Malayalam 2,168,315 91 020 1,848,888 319,427 8527 1473 2 Tamil 179919 7550 132,741 47,178 7378 2622 3 Telugu 20,955 0880 16,064 4,891 7666 2334 4 Kannada 5,737 0240 4,426 1,361 7648 2352 5 Urdu 2,235 0090 1,248 987 5584 4416 6 Hindi 458 0020 262 196 5721 4279 7 Konkanl 257 0010 123 134 4786 5214 8 Marathl 230 0010 97 133 4217 5783 9 Tulu 118 0010 15 103 1271 8729 10 Nepali 58 0002 32 26 5517 4483 11 English 57 0002 14 43 2456 7544 12 GUJaratl 51 0002 4 47 754 9216 13 Saurashtra/Saurashtn 40 0002 13 27 3250 6750 14 Bengali 29 0001 23 6 7931 2069 15 Onya 9 9 10000 16 Assamese 4 3 7500 2500 Total of Other Mother Tounges 3,713 0160 3,696 17 9954 046 All Mother Tounges Total 2,382,235 100 000 2,007,658 374,577 8428 1572

7 Thrlssur District 1 Malayalam 2,706,260 98870 1,999,002 707,258 7387 2613 2 Tamil 19,315 0710 11,275 8,040 5837 41 63 3 Telugu 4,114 0150 3,048 1,066 7409 2'591 4 Kannada 2,593 0100 2,373 220 91 52 848 5 Konkanl 2,379 0090 322 2,057 1354 8646 6 HindI 671 0030 316 355 4709 5291 7 Urdu 588 0020 253 335 4303 5697

95 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 Marathl 540 0020 183 357 3389 6611 9 Tulu 151 0010 45 106 2980 7020 10 Nepali 124 0010 58 66 4677 5323 11 Arablc/Arbl 118 0004 21 97 1780 8220 12 GUjarati 98 0004 21 77 2143 7857 13 English 77 0003 29 48 3766 6234 14 Bengali 41 0001 17 24 4146 5854 15 PunJabl 23 0001 11 12 4783 5217 16 Marwari 13 13 10000 Total of Other Mother Tounges 206 0010 121 85 5874 4126 All Mother Tounges Total 2,737,311 100000 2,017,095 720,216 7369 2631

8 Ernakulam District Malayalam 2,733,278 97020 1,434,631 1,298,647 5249 4751 2 Tamil 30,294 1 080 5,353 24,941 1767 82.33 3 Konkanl 24,213 0860 2,660 21,553 1099 8901 4 Hindi 9,196 0330 379 8,817 412 9588 5 Telugu 3,433 0.120 402 3,031 11 71 8829 6 GUjarab 2,999 0110 4 2,995 013 9987 7 Marathl 1,888 0070 55 1,833 291 97.09 8 Kannada 1,595 0.060 135 lA60 846 91 54 9 PunJabl 1,383 0050 32 1,351 231 9769 10 English 1,281 0050 32 1,249 250 9750 11 Urdu 1,151 0040 76 1,075 660 9340 12 Tulu 1,008 0040 70 938 694 9306 13 Bengali 980 0040 58 922 592 9408 14 Kachehhl 821 0030 821 100 00 15 Orrya 368 0010 23 345 625 9375 16 Nepali 314 0010 62 252 1975 ad 25 Total of Other Mother TOLinges 3034 0110 87 2,947 287 9713 All Mother Tounges Total 2,817,236 100000 1,444,059 1,373,177 5126 4874

9 Idukki District Malayalam 848,474 78700 798,633 49,841 9413 587 2 Tamil 224,027 20780 223,262 765 9966 034 3 Telugu 1,932 0180 1,715 217 8877 11 23 4 Kannada 1,727 0160 1,721 6 9965 035 5 Hmdl 287 0030 282 5 9826 1 74 6 Marathl 137 0010 127 10 9270 730 7 Urdu 95 0010 91 4 9579 421 8 Konkanl 59 0010 33 26 5593 4407

96 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

9 PunJabl 55 0010 55 100 00 10 Nepali 50 a 010 43 7 86 00 1400 11 English 49 0010 49 10000 12 Bengali 28 0003 28 100 00 13 Onya 16 0001 16 10000 14 Coorgl/Kodagu 16 000, 16 10000 15 Tulu 9 0001 9 10000 16 Arabic/Ami 6 0001 6 10000 Total of Other Mother Tounges 1.099 0100 1,099 10000 All Mother Tounges Total 1,078,066 100000 1,027,185 50,881 9528 472

10 Kottayam District 1 Malayalam 1,809.877 98990 1,498,788 311,089 8281 1719 2 Tamil 13,900 0760 6,853 7,047 4930 5070 3 Konkam 1,503 0080 515 988 3426 6574 4 Telugu 1,390 0080 369 1,021 2655 7345 5 Hindi 490 0030 289 201 5898 4102 6 Marathl 247 0010 93 154 3765 6235 7 Kannada 219 0010 114 105 52.05 4795 8 Nepali 178 0010 64 114 3596 6404 9 Tulu 89 0010 34 55 3820 6180 10 English 55 0003 30 25 5455 4545 11 Urdu 54 0003 19 35 3519 6481 12 Bengali 36 0002 33 3 9167 833 13 PunJabl 29 0002 11 18 3793 6207 14 GUJarati 22 0001 8 14 3636 6364 15 Onya 16 0001 13 3 81 25 1875 16 Arablc/Arbl 13 0001 9 4 6923 3077 Total of Other Mother Tounges 153 0010 111 42 7255 2745 All Mother Tounges Total 1,828,271 100000 1,507,353 320,918 8245 1755

11 Alappuzha District 1 Malayalam 1 981.122 99000 1,385,049 596,073 6991 3009 2 Konkanl 9,523 0480 3,217 6,306 3378 6622 3 Tamil 7,113 0360 2,470 4,643 3473 6527 4 Telugu 840 0040 149 691 1774 8226 5 Hindi 560 0030 321 239 5732 4268 6 GUJaratl 466 0020 9 457 1 93 9807 7 Tulu 350 0020 47 303 1343 8657 8 Kannada 205 0010 74 131 3610 6390 9 Marathl 198 0010 29 169 1465 8535

97 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as their mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban population 2 3 4 5 6 7

10 English 184 0010 16 168 870 9130 11 Urdu 166 0010 22 144 1325 8675 12 Nepali 131 0010 59 72 4504 5496 13 Arablc/Arbl 41 0002 1 40 244 9756 14 Bengali 27 0001 15 12 5556 4444 15 PunJabl 21 0001 5 16 2381 7619 16 Onya 8 6 2 7500 2500 Total of Other Mother Tounges 262 0010 118 144 4504 54 96 All Mother Tounges Total 2,001,217 100000 1,391 607 609,610 6954 3046

12 Pathanamthitta District 1 Malayalam 1,175,805 98950 1022,913 152,892 8700 1300 2 Tamil 11 328 0950 9,670 1,658 8536 1464 3 Konkam 309 0030 86 223 2783 7217 4 Telugu 309 0030 190 119 6149 3851 5 Hindi 193 0020 160 33 8290 1710 6' Kannada 84 0010 69 15 8214 17 86 7 Marathl 72 0010 34 38 4722 5278 8 Englisr 57 0010 36 21 6316 3684 9 Nepali 52 0004 42 10 8077 1923 10 Urdu 26 0002 26 10000 11 Tulu 23 0002 19 4 8261 1739 12 Assamese 16 0001 11 5 6875 3125 13 Punjabl 16 0001 5 11 3125 6875 14 Arablc/Arbl 11 0001 11 10000 15 Onya 7 0001 3 4 4286 5714 16 Bengali 6 0001 6 10000 Total of Other Mother Tounges 18 0002 17 9444 556 All Mother Tounges Total 1,188,332 100000 1,033,29& 155,034 8695 1305

13 Kollam District 1 Malayalam 2,375,080 98650 1,945,167 429,913 8190 1810 2 Tamil 26,675 1 110 15,326 11,349 5745 4255 3 Telugu 1,908 0080 203 1,705 1064 8936 4 Konkam 1,478 0060 97 1,381 656 9344 5 English 539 0020 47 492 872 9128 6 Hindi 509 0020 216 293 4244 5756 7 Urdu 241 0010 30 211 1245 8755 8 Kannada 193 0010 97 96 5026 4974 9 Tulu 182 0010 36 146 1978 8022 10 GUjaratl 162 0010 59 103 3642 6358

98 TABLE 31 : NUMERICALLY BIGGEST MOTHER TONGUES ARRANGED IN DESCENDING \ c - ,.. ~ ORDER OF THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS, 1991

Mother Tongue Number of Persons who returned the Mother Tongue as the,r mother tongue Total Percent to Rural Urban Proportion total Rural Urban populatIon 2 3 4 5 6 7

11 Marathl 121 0.010 45 76 3719 62.81 12 BengalI 54 0002 41 13 75.93 2407 13 Kachehh. 22 0001 22 100 00 14 PunJabl 20 0001 6 14 30.00 70.00 15 Onya 19 0001 13 6 68.42 31.58 16 Nepali 16 0001 6 10 3750 62.50 Total of Other Mother Tounges 347 0010 141 206 40.63 59.37 All Mother Tounges Total 2,407,566 100 000 1,961,530 446,036 8147 18.53

14 Thiruvananthapuram District Malayalam 2,875,415 97580 1,933,519 941,896 6724 3276 2 Tam,1 56,464 1920 12,302 44,162 2179 7821 3 H,nd, 3,681 0130 1,559 2,122 4235 57.65 4 Telugu 3,317 0110 '10 3,207 332 9668 5 Tulu 1,496 0050 47 ',449 314 96.86 6 Urdu 1,()88 0040 129 959 11 86 8814 7 Marath, 1,010 0030 62 948 614 93.86 8 Konkan, 979 0030 21 958 215 9765 9 Kannada 859 0030 112 747 1304" 8696 10 Bengali SOO 0020 64 436 1280 8720 11 Punjab, 305 0010 159 146 5213 4787 12 GUJarah 248 0010 17 231 685 9315 13 EnglIsh 242 0010 35 207 1446 85.54 14 Onya 201 0010 49 152 2438 7562 15 Nepah 132 0004 52 80 3939 6061 16 Assamese 102 0003 52 50 50 98 4902 Total of Other Mother Tounges 611 0020 118 493 1931 80 69 All Mother Tounges Total 2,946,650 100000 1,948,407 998,243 6612 3388

HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES TABLE 32 : DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF HOUSE OCCUPIED, 1991

Dlstnct Total! Total No. of Per cent households occuPYing houses of type Rural! households Permanent Seml- Temporary Urban permanent Total Serviceable Non- serviceable 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kerala Total 5,388,235 55.97 19.13 24.90 17.41 7.49 Rural 4,030,870 51.56 20.55 27.89 20.09 7.80 Urban 1,357,365 69.06 14.93 16.01 9.43 6.58

1 Kasaragod Total 178,065 50.03 25.20 2477 1974 5.03 Rural 149,295 44 71 27.92 27.36 22.67 470 Urban 28,770 77.59 11 10 11 31 455 676

2 Kannur Total 362,055 48 85 3791 13.24 1156 1.69 Rural 188,810 37.61 43.67 18.72 16.55 217 Urban 173,245 6109 31.64 727 6.12 1.16

3 Wayan ad Total 131,965 32.46 2451 4304 34 38 8.66 Rural 127,205 31.47 24.64 43.90 3531 8.58 Urban 4,760 58.93 21.03 20.05 9.44 10.61

4 Koznlkode Total 444,585 56.57 1783 25.61 1819 7.42 Rural 287,315 46.30 21.53 32.17 23.93 824 Urban 157,270 75.31 1107 13.62 771 5.91

5 Malappuram Total 469,325 56.91 23.93 1916 12.95 6.22 Rural 426,700 55.51 24.60 19.89 13.64 625 Urban 42,625 7087 17.21 11.92 6.02 590

6 Palalckad Total 440,600 4393 34 79 21.28 1709 4.19 Rural 373,205 4131 3584 22.85 18.44 4.41 Urban 67,395 5844 28.96 1260 960 3.00

7 Thnssur Total 512,475 5789 24.23 17.88 879 9.09 Rural 381,115 5459 2568 1973 971 1002 Urban 131,360 6745 2003 1252 612 640

8 Emakulam Total 535,310 8594 4.61 945 3.92 5.53 Rural 279,685 8384 5.27 10.89 483 6.06 Urban 255,625 88.24 388 7.88 2.93 4.95

91dukkl Total 232,765 42.23 1986 3791 3050 7.41 Rural 222,475 4117 20.16 3867 31 18 749 urban 10,290 6515 13.30 2155 15.82 5.73

10 Kottayam Total 353,930 71.17 1212 1671 8.54 817 Rural 293,505 69.40 1264 1795 906 889 Urban 60,425 79.74 9.56 1070 604 465

11 Alappuzha Total 397,675 65.66 6.12 28.22 824 1998 Rural 280,425 64.90 569 2941 8.55 20.86 Urban 117,250 67.47 715 25.38 750 17.88

102 TABLE 32: DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF HOUSE OCCUPIED, 1991

District Total! Total No of Per cent households occupymg houses of type Rural! households Permanent Seml- Temporary Urban nermanent Total Serviceable Non- serviceable 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12 Pathanamthltta Total 254,060 6953 11 76 18 71 1025 845 Rural 222,085 6851 1236 19 12 1034 878 Urban 31,975 7661 758 1581 961 621

13 Kollam Total 479,195 5711 1040 3248 2350 898 Rural 397,290 5561 1079 3360 2562 798 Urban 81,905 6442 851 2707 1320 1387

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 596,230 2966 21 58 4876 4371 506 Rural 401,760 2084 2276 5640 51 95 446 Urban 194,470 4788 1914 3299 2669 630

103 TABLE 33: AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY, SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOILET FACILITIES TO HOUSEHOLDS, 1991

District Totall Total No of Per cent households having Rural! households Electrl- Safe TOilet Electrl- Toilet Electri- All No~,e Urban city drlnk- city and and city the of tr~ mg safe safe and three three water drinking drinking tOilet faclll- fac'!i- water water ties ties 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala Total 5,388,235 48.43 18.89 51.28 10.50 10.86 40.41 8.98 3419 Rural 4,030,870 41.95 12.22 44.07 4.77 4.74 33.28 3.43 4112 Urban 1,357,365 67.65 38.68 72.66 27.48 29.03 61.56 25.46 1.3.63

Q' 1 Kasaragod Total 178,065 3759 870 3391 3 ~, 3 J~ 28 it, 30C Rural 149,295 3335 599 2935 1 91 ~ .:!- Urba~ 28,770 5959 2276 5758 1427 1335

2 Kannur Total 362 055 4562 612 4465 317 287 3568 251 4282 Rural 188,810 2738 308 2907 057 051 1955 035 6e 75 Urban 173,245 6550 943 6162 600 545 5325 486 2329

3 Wayanad Total 131,965 18 15 1496 2679 38, I 20 1293 2. 04 6U 9u Rural 127,205 17 13 1370 2574 3 11 644 11 88 241 6245 Urban 4 7 60 4538 4874 5483 22.:!8 tlC ec 200e

4 Kozhlkode Total 444,585 41 18 11 24 5949 606 718 3701 553 3282 Rural 287,315 3056 380 5236 1 06 149 2654 084 41 52 Urban 157,270 6057 2482 7250 15 19 1757 5614 1409 1693

5 Malai)puram 469,325 3804 708 4'i 11. 23<3 :2 b2 3273 1 99 4370 Rural 426,700 36.35 6 11 4524 1 66 1 97 3090 130 4553 U'':lar. 42,625 5485 1676 660 7 957 11 3'3 51 03 886 2S 4,,)

6 Palakkad Total 440,600 3849 2237 3044 '1006 753 2613 671 4571 Rural 373,205 3421 1791 2581 622 386 21 56 321 5051 Urban 67,395 6220 4707 5603 31 31 2780 51 40 2607 1914

7 Thnssur Total 512,475 5763 1832 6363 823 1007 51 44 718 2298 Rural 381,115 5251 14.93 5813 472 655 4556 377 2749 Urban 131,360 7248 2817 7957 18.41 2028 6850 1706 991

8 Ernakulam Tota~ 535310 6522 4577 6739 3013 3142 5767 2698 1387 Rural 279,685 5773 2490 5698 11 87 11 11 4759 874 2222 Urban 255,625 7341 6860 7878 5011 5364 6871 4694 473

9 Idukkl Total 232,765 31 99 2107 3195 1120 1249 2297 9 67 5198 Rural 222,475 3076 2126 3070 11 15 1251 21 72 962 5303 Urban 10,290 5843 1710 5886 12 19 1214 5012 1088 2919

10 Kottayam Total 353,930 5643 1809 5533 9 ~ 1 971 4671 773 2790 Rural 293,505 5326 1375 5074 535 550 4245 403 3152 Urban 60,425 7213 3912 77 62 2736 3014 6744 2573 1034

104 TABLE 33: AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY, SAFE DRINKING WATER AND TOILET FACILITIES TO HOUSEHOLDS, 1991

Drstrlct Total/ Total No of Per cent households havrng Rural! households Electrl- Safe Torlet Electrl- Torlet Electrr- All None Urban crty drrnk- crtyand and crty the of the rng safe safe and three three water drinking dnnkmg tOilet facIII- facllr- water water ties tres 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

11 Alappuzha Total 397,675 5326 2522 5050 1332 1205 4147 996 2792 Rural 280,425 5062 2041 43.31 918 654 3680 551 3268 Urban 117,250 5955 3672 6768 2322 2523 5265 2061 1652

12 Pathanamthltta Total 254,060 5036 1081 4909 469 479 41 29 396 3656 Rural 222,085 4851 905 4718 328 333 3934 263 3857 Urban 31,975 6318 2299 6230 1449 1490 5486 13 15 2263

13 Kollam Total 479,195 4985 1196 5255 594 552 4130 440 3400 Rural 397,290 4552 867 4743 347 303 3642 219 3912 Urban 81,905 7084 2790 77 38 1789 1760 6496 15 15 918

14 Thlruvananthapuram Total 596,230 5444 2375 5892 1754 1862 4826 1680 3049 Rural 401,760 4483 763 4790 315 366 3727 269 4104 Urban 194,470 7428 5702 8167 4721 4950 7092 4594 872

105

URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS

TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with District Population Its components! City! Town Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5

ManJeshwar (CTr Kasaragod 7,886 3,910 3.976 Kasaragod (M) Kasaragod 50,126 24,887 25,239

Kanhangad (U.A.) Kasaragod 118,214 57,358 60,856 CA) Kanhangad (M)* Kasaragod 57,165 27,922 29,243 (8) Perole (CT)* Kasaragod 13,884 6,715 7,169 (C) Nlleshwar (CT)* Kasaragod 22,661 10,979 11,682 (D) Cheruvathur (CT)* Kasaragod 24,504 11,742 12,762

Payyannur(M)* Kannur 64,032 30,971 33,061 Tahparamba (M) Kannur 60,226 29,794 30,432 Cheruthazham (CT)* Kannur 23,099 11,092 12,007 Cherukunnu (CT)* Kannur 16,246 7,473 8,773 Kannapuram (C T )* Kannur 18,158 8,414 9,744 Kalliassen (C T ) Kannur 25,005 12,016 12,989 Papplnlssen (C T ) Kannur 30,754 15,186 15,568 Kannadlparamba (C T)* Kannur 11,599 5,646 5,953 Varam (C T)* Kannur 13,777 6,632 7,145 Munden (C T )* Kannur 17,358 8,315 9,043 Kanhlrode (C T ) Kannur 12,543 6,084 6,459 Chelora (C T ) Kannur 17,314 8,484 8,830 Chala (C T) Kannur 14,854 7,184 7,670 Inven (C T)* Kannur 14,162 6,858 7,304 Ancharakandy (C T )* Kannur 20,683 10,086 10,597 Peralassen (C T ) Kannur 15,209 7,323 7,886 MaviiaYI (C T )* Kannur 11,453 5,532 5,921 Kadachlra(C T ) Kannur 16,441 7,867 8,574 Mattannur (M)* Kannur 40.506 20,162 20,344 PaauvllaYI (C T )* Kannur 17,517 8,635 8,882 Pathlnyad (C T )* Kannur 14,737 7,138 7,599 PlnaraYI (C T) Kannur 14,696 7,061 7,635 Eruvattl (C T)* Kannur 14,063 6,810 7,253 Kottayam-Malabar (C T ) Kannur 16,526 8,047 8,479 Koothuparamba(M) Kannur 28,907 13,806 15,101 Paltlom (CT)* Kannur 19,074 8,990 10,084 Kadlrur (CT)* Kannur 26,586 12,553 14,033 Pannlyannur (CT)* Kannur 19,312 8,794 10,518 Penngathur (CT)" Kannur 35,035 16,201 18,834 Chockh(CT)* Kannur 31,642 14,545 17.097

Note Town names With asterisk mark (*) denote places treated as town for the first time In 1991

109 TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with Dlst'lct Population Its componentsl Clty/ Town Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 Kannur (U.A.) Kannur 463,962 225,526 238,436 (A) Kannur (M) Kannur 65,238 32,043 33,195 (8) Kannur Cantonment Kannur 4,820 3,024 1,796 (C) Azhlkode North (CT)' Kannur 19,277 9,408 9,869 (0) Azhlkode South (CT) Kannur 23,077 11,170 11,907 (E) Valapattanam (Cn Kannur 8,920 4,580 4,340 (F) Chlrakkal (Cn Kannur 39,838 19,370 20,468 (G) Elayavoor (CT) Kannur 29,239 13,938 15,301 (H) Puzhathi (Cl) Kannur 30,616 15,559 15,057 (I) Palfikkunnu(CT) Kannur 25,057 12.098 12,959 (J) Thottada (CT) Kannur 33,261 15.880 17,381 (K) Muzhappllangad (CT) Kannur 18,812 9.072 9.740 (L) Eranhoh (CT) Kannur 23,584 11,118 12,466 (M) Dharmadom (CT) Kannur 26,705 12.802 13,903 (N) Thalassery (M) Kannur 103,579 49,879 53,700 (0) New Mahe (Cn Kannur 11.939 5.585 6,354

Kalpetta (M)' Wayanad 22,949 11,784 11,165

Nadapuram (CT)* Kozhlkode 35,245 17,000 18,245 Mavoor(CT}* Kozhlkode 26,144 ;3,166 12,978 Kutllkkattoor( CT)· Kozh!l

Kozhikode (U.A.) Kozhikode 8Q1,190 396,189 405,001 (A) Kozhikode(C} &(OG) Kozhlkode 456,618 225,073 231,545 (01) Kozhikode(C) Kozhlkode 419,831 207,016 2-12,815 (02) Puthlyangadl(OG) Kozhikode 377 195 182 (03) Elathur(OG) Kozhlkode 36,410 17,862 18,548 (8) Koduvally(CT)* Kozhlkode 23,524 11,639 11.885 (C) Kakkodl (CT)* Kozhlkode 30,024 14,785 15,239 (D) Kunnamangalam (CT)* Kozhikode 34,228 17.812 16,416 (E) Pantheeramkavu(CT)' KozM(ode 16,016 7.996 8,020 (F) Ramanattukara (en' Kozhikode 25,672 12,866 12,806 (G) Olavanna (Cn Kozhlkode 28,382 13,967 14,415 (H) Cheruvannur (CT) Kozhlkode 50,556 25,032 25,524 (I) Beypore (eT) Kozhlkode 56,505 27,829 28,676 (J) Karuvamthuruthy (CT), Kozhlkode 18,983 9,375 9,608 (K) Feroke (Cn Kozhlkode 25,511 12,731 12,780 (l) Kadalundl (CT)* Kozhlkode 35,171 17.084 18,087

Vadakara (U.A.) Kozhikode 102,430 50,192 52,238 (A) Vadakara 1M) Kozhlkode 72,434 35,579 36,855 (S) VII!'appally leT)' Kozhlkode 29,996 14,613 15,383

110 TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with Dlstnct Population Its components! City! Town Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5

Penntha!manna(M)* Malappuram 39,027 18,911 20 116 Tlrur(M) Malappuram 49,453 24,414 25,039 Ponnam(M) Malappuram 51,770 25,048 26722

Malappuram (U.A.) Malappuram 142,204 70,489 71,715 (A) Malappuram (M) &(OG) Malappuram 72,870 36,019 36,851 (01) Malappuram(M) Malappuram 49.692 24.612 25,080 (02) Anakkayam(OG) Marappuram 23,178 11,407 11,771 (8) Manjen(M) Malappuram 69,334 34470 34,864

Shoranur (M) Palakkad 39,550 19,021 20,529 Ottappalam (M) Palakkad 44,186 20813 23,373 Mannarkad (M)* Palakkad 45,422 22,281 23141

Chlttur-Thathamangalam (U.A.) Palakkad 65,386 32,035 33,351 (A) CMtur-Thathamangalam(M) Palakkad 32,048 15,599 16,449 (8) Kodllvayur (CT)* Palakkad 17,647 8,653 8,994 (C) Puthunagaram (CT)* Palakkad 15,691 7.783 7,908

Palakkad (U.A.) Palakkad 180,033 88,907 91,126 (A) Palakkad (M) &(OG) Palakkad 139,136 68,817 70,319 (01) Palakkad (M) Palakkad 123,289 61,047 62,242 (02) Hemambtka Nagar(OG) Palakkad 15,847 7.770 8,077 (8) Puthuppanyaram (Cn* Palakkad 24,808 12.141 12,667 (C) Marutharode (CT)* Palakkad 16,089 7,949 8,140

Kunnamkulam(M) Thnssur 19.657 9,414 10,243 Chelakkara(CT) • Thnssur 7,971 3,750 4,221 Kolazhy (CT)* Thnssur 7,165 3,435 3,730 Pottore (CT)* Thnssur 5,721 2,748 2973 Kuttoor(CT)* Tt>rtssur 9,631 4,760 4,871 Pullazhl (CT) Thnssur 13,362 6,293 7,069 Kanimangalam(CT) Thnssur 16,897 8,150 8,747 Pahssery (CT)* Thnssur 6,156 3,002 3,154 AVII'l1ssery (CT) Thnssur 10,559 5,324 5,235 Chevvoor(CT) Thnssur 13,773 6,568 7,205 Marathakkara (CT) Thrtssur 12,337 6,118 6,219 Mathilakam(CT)* Thnssur 13,732 6.406 7,326 Pudukkad (CT) Thr,ssur 11,752 !l,650 6,102 InnJalakuda (M) Thrtssur 27,491 13,423 14,068 Chalakady (M) Thnssur 45,069 22,303 22,766 Koratty (C T)* Thnssur 16,603 8,246 8,357 TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES \ND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with Olstnct Population Its components/ Clty/ Town Persons Males Females 1 2 :3 4 5 Kodungalfur (U A ) Thrlssur 88,655 42,537 46,118 (A) Kodungallur(M) Thnssur 31,249 15,024 16,225 (8) Enyad (CT)* Thnssur 23,510 11 180 12,330 (C) Methala (CT) Thnssur 33,896 16,333 17,563

Guruvayoor (U.A.) Thrissur 118,632 55,504 63,128 (A) Guruvayoor(Ts) Thnssur 20,216 9,365 10,851 (8) Chavakkad (M) Thnssur 37,789 17,759 20,030 (C) Pookode (CT)" Thnssur 8,162 3,827 4,335 (O) Perakam (CT)* Thnssur 9,540 4,472 5,068 (E) Inngaprom (Cn Tlmssur 9,120 4,345 4,715 (F) Thalkkad (CT)" Thnssur 7,329 3,446 3,883 (G) Paluval (CT)" Thnssur 6,750 3,135 3,615 (H) Pavaratty (CT)* Thnssur 10,439 4,811 5,628 (I) Venmenad (CT)' Thnssur 9,287 4,344 4,943

Thrissur (U.A.) Thnssur 275,053 134,459 140,594 (A) Thnssur (M) &(OG) Thnssur 81,798 39,233 42,565 (01) Thnssur (M) Thnssur 74,604 35,755 38,849 (02) Poonkunnam 0 G Thnssur 308 150 158 (03) Penngavu (OG) Thnssur 3,699 1,781 1,918 (04) Chembukavu (OG) Thnssur 545 260 285 (05) Thnssur (OG) Thnssur 2,642 1,287 1,355 (8) Vllvattom (CT) Thnssur 16,904 8,451 8,453 (C) Vlyyur (Cn Thnssur 11,303 5,919 5,384 (D) Ayyanthole (CT) Thnssur 13,492 6,526 6,966 (E) Nettlssery (CT)* Thnssur 7,536 3,682 3,854 (F) Mannuthy (CT) Thnssur 31,914 15,704 16,210 (G) Nadathara (eT) Thnssur 17,971 8,738 9,233 (H) Ollur (CT) Thnssur 33,137 16,271 16,866 (I) Chlyyaram (eT) Thnssur 21,598 10,671 10,927 (J) Koorkkanchery (eT) Thnssur 9,512 4,634 4,878 (K) Aranattukara (CT) Thnssur 16.623 8,179 8,444 (l) Edakkunny(CT) Thnssur 13,265 6,451 6,814

Perumbavoor (M) Ernakulam 24,667 12,298 12,369 Angamaly (M) Ernakulam 30,391 15,158 15,233 Vadakkekara (CT) Ernakulam 18,975 9.135 9.840 Moothakunnam(CT)* Ernakulam 26,553 12,758 13,795 Chendamangalam (CT) Ernakulam 26,825 12,901 ~3,924 Muvattupuzha (M) Ernakulam 27,595 13,892 13,703 Plravam (M)* Ernakulam 25,203 12,576 12,627 Koothattukulam (M)* Ernakulam 16,828 8,363 8.465 Kothamangalam (M) Ernakulam 35,535 17,669 17,866

112 TABLE 34. URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with District Population Its componentsl Cltyl Town Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5

Koehl (U.A.) Ernakulam 1,140,605 571,169 569,436 (A) Kochl(C)&(OG) Ernakulam 582,588 292.429 290159 (01) Koehl (C) ErnalAluva (M) Ernakulam 24,774 12,305 12.469 (C) Choornlkkara (CT' Ernakulam 34,837 17694 17,143 (D) Edathala (CT)* Ernakulam 56,397 28,138 28,259 (E) Paravur (M) Ernakulam 27,906 13,596 14,310

(F) Kedamangalam (C'~\* Ernakulam 18,500 8,989 9,511 (G) Kottuvally (CTI Ernakulam 34,457 16,795 17,662 (H) Alan9ad (CT)* Ernakulam 35,620 17,719 17,901 (I) Varapuzha (CT), Ernakulam 22,514 10,993 11,521 (J) Kadungalloor (CT)" Ernakulam 25,433 12,814 12,619 (K) Eloor (M) Ernakulam 34,455 17,953 16,502 (L) Chenyakadavu (CT Ernakulam 7,401 3,637 3,764 (M) Cheranallur (CT'* Ernakulam 21,407 10606 10,801 (N) Mulavukad (CT' Ernakulam 22,322 11,017 11,305 (0) Kalamassery (M) Ernakulam 54,342 27,789 26,553 (P) Vazhakkala ICT), Ernakulam 33,167 16,734 16,433 (a) Thlruvankulam (C; * Ernakulam 18,412 9,188 9,224 (R) Tnppunlthura (M) Ernakulam 51,078 25,286 25,792 (S) Maradu (CT) ErnakulafT1 34,995 17,487 17.508 ldukkl Township IdlJl'kl 10,225 5,263 4,962 Thodupuzha (M) Idukkl 40,656 20,301 20,355

Palal (M) Kottayam 21,890 10,876 11,014 Erattupetta (M)' Kottayam 21,226 10,984 10,242 Valkom (M) Kottayam 21,788 10,732 11,056 Changanassery (M) Kottayam 52445 26011 26,434

Kanjlrappally (M)" Kottayam 37,~'17 18756 18,261

Kottayam (U.A.) Kottayam 166,552 83 i43 83,40& (A) Kottayam (M) &(OG) Kottayam 89,625 44,613 45,012 (01) I

Aroor (CT)* tl,lappuzha 31,642 15,651 15,991 AroolMannancherry (CT)" A.Jappuzha 24,977 12,261 12,716

113 . TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with Dlst'I'":t Population Its components! City! Town Persans Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 Kayamkulam (M) Alappuzha 67,151 33,106 34,045 Chengannur (M) Alappuzha 25,872 12,549 13,323 Mavehkkara (M) Alappuzha 28,299 13,589 14,71C

Cherthala (U.A.) Alappuzha 132,883 64,833 68,050 (A) Cherthala (M) Alappuzha 43,326 21,156 22,170 (8) Vayalar (CT)* Alappuzha 22.384 10,933 11,451 (C) Kokkothamangalam (CT)' Alappuzha 15,904 7,830 8,074 (D) Thanneermukkam (CT)' Alappuzha 28,728 13.963 14,765 (E) Muhamma (CT)' Alappuzha 22,541 10,951 11,590

Alappuzha (U.A.) Alappuzha 264,969 129,770 135,199 (A) Alappuzha (M) &(OG) Alappuzha 227,716 111,520 116,196 (01) Alappuzha (M) Alappuzha 174,666 85,699 88,967 (02) Kalarkode (OG) Alappuzha 23,267 11,220 12,047 (03) Punnapra (OG) Alappuzha 29,783 14,601 15,182 (8) Komalapuram (eT)' Alappuzha 37253 18,250 19,003

Thlruvalla (M) Pathanamthltta 54,780 26,290 28,490 Pathanamthltta (M) Pathanamthltta 35,882 17,768 18,114 Pandalam (M)' Pathanamthltta 37,733 18 148 19,585 Adoor (M)' Pathanamthltta 26,63Q 13005 13,634

Puna!ur (M) Kallam 46,279 22,874 23,405 Paravoor (M) Kallam 37,185 17,909 19,276

Kollam (U.A.) Kollam 362,572 179,846 182,726 (Al Kollam (M) &(OG) Kallam 221,007 109,849 111,158 (01) Kollam (M) Kallam 139,852 69,340 70,512 (02) Sakthlkulangara (0 G) Kallam 44,451 22,254 22,197 (03) Neendakara (0 G) Kallam 15,424 7,727 7,697 (04) Mundakkal (0 G) Kallam 21280 10,528 10,752 (8) Mangad (C T)* Kallam 28,317 13,865 14,452 (C) Klhkollur (C T)* Kallam 28,456 13,976 14,480 (D) Vadakkevlla (C T) Kallam 50,165 24,898 25,267 (E) Eravlpuram (C T) Kallam 34,627 17,258 17,369

Varkala (M) Thlruvananthapuram 38,987 18,506 20,481 Vakkom (CT)' Thlruvananthapuram 20,103 9,150 10,953 Attmgal (M) Thlruvananthapuram 32,634 15,595 17,039 Nedumangad (M) Thtruvananthapuram 49,875 24,229 25,646 Neyyatbnkara (M) Thlruvananthapuram 30.41 Q 15,154 15,265

114 TABLE 34: URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS AND THEIR POPULATION, 1991

Urban Agglomeration with District Population Its components I Crty! Town Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 Thiruvananthapuram (UA) Thiruvananthapuram 826,225 409,659 416,566 (A) Th,ruvananthapuram (C) & 0 Thlruvananthapuram 699,872 347,094 352,778 (01) Thlruvananthapuram (C) Thlruvananthapuram 524,006 259,672 264,334 (02) Kazhakuttam (0 G) Thlruvananthapuram 12,515 6,144 6,371 (03) Thumba (0 G ) Thlruvananthapuram 33,880 16,780 17,100 (04) Sreekanyam (0 G ) Thsruvananthapuram 17,245 8,509 8,736 (05) Cheruvlkkal (0 G) Thlruvananthapuram 21,286 10,468 10,818 (06) Vattlyocm:avu (0 G ) Thlruvananthapuram 33,653 16,639 17,014 (07) Thlruvallam (0 G ) Thlfuvananthapuram 31,868 15,831 16,037 (08) Kovalam (0 G ) Thrruvananthapuram 25,419 13,051 12,368 (8) Ulloor (C T )* Thlruvananthapuram 25,719 13,013 12,706 (C) Kudappanakunnu (C T )* Thlruvananthapuram 33,534 16,506 17,028 (D) Anayara (C T ) Thlruvananthapuram 24,541 12,025 12,516 (El Nemom (C T )* Thlruvananthapuram 42,559 21,021 21,538

115 TABLE 35: NUMBER OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND

Number of UAs, Number and Populat:on of UAs, Cities & Towns Cities & Towns Class I Class" District In the district! 500,000 and 100,000 to 50,000 to Total urban above 499,999 99,999 population Number! Per Number! Per Number! Per In the district Population cent Population cent Population cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kerala 109 3 2.8 11 10.1 9 8.3 7,880,294 2,788,020 38.0 2,327,504 30.3 554,571 7.2

1 Kasaragod 3 1 33.3 333 176,226 118,214 67.1 50,126 28.4

2 Kannur 31 3.2 2 6.5 1,145,476 463,962 40.5 124,258 10.9

3 Wayanad 1 22,949

4 Kozhikode 6 167 167 1,004,497 801,190 798 102,430 102

5 Malappuram 4 25.0 250 282,454 142,204 50.4 51,770 183

6 Palakkad 5 20.0 20.0 374,577 180,033 48.1 65,386 175

7 Thnssur 19 2 105 1 53 720,216 393,685 547 88,655 12.3

8 Ernakulam 10 1 100 1,373,177 1,140,605 831

91dukkl 2 50,881

10 Kottayam 6 16.7 16.7 320,918 166,552 51.9 52,445 163

11 Alappuzha 9 2 222 11 1 609,610 397,852 65.3 67,151 11 0

12 PathanamthlttCi 4 250 155,034 54,780 353

13 Kallam 3 333 446,036 362,572 81 3

14 Thlruvananthapuram 6 167 998,243 826,225 828

116 TOWNS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION SIZE, 1991 failing under each Population size class Class III Class IV Class V Class VI 20,000 to 10,000 to 5,000 to below 5,000 District 49,999 19,999 9,999 Number! Per Number! Per Number/ Per Number! Per Population cent Population cent Population cent Population cent 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

46 42.2 34 31.2 6 5.5 Kerala 1,465,006 19.1 520,663 6.8 44,530 0.6

33.3 1 Kasaragod 7,886 45

9 29.0 19 613 2 Kannur 262,217 229 295,039 258

1000 3 Wayanad 22,949 100.0

3 50.0 167 4 Kozhikode 83,770 8.3 17,107 1 7

2 50.0 5 Malappuram 88,480 313

3 60.0 6 Palakkad 129,158 345

2 105 9 474 5 263 7 Thnssur 72,560 10 1 128,672 17.9 36,644 51

7 700 2 200 8 Ernakulam 196,769 143 35803 2.6

1 500 1 500 9 Idukkl 40,656 799 10,225 20.1

4 667 "j 0 Kottayam 101,921 31.8

4 444 2 22.2 11 Alappuzha 110,790 18.2 33,817 56

3 750 12 Pathanamthltta 100,254 64.7

2 667 13 Kollam 83.464 187

5 833 14 Tnvandrum 172,018 172

117

TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeration! Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates Clty/Town (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) p M F p M F p M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Manjeshwar (CT)" 1,017 85.9 947 77 2 33.4 446 223 48 25 71 Kasaragod (M) 1,014 874 921 828 275 422 131 08 09 07

Kanhangad (U.A.) 1,061 86.6 93.0 80.7 29.4 41.1 18.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 (A) Kanhangad (M)" 1,047 853 91.7 793 308 429 193 26 27 26 (8) Perole (CT)' 1,068 879 945 81 9 304439178 3.1 3.1 30 (C) Nlleshwar (CT)' 1,064 872 939 811 270 394 153 1 5 1 5 1 5 (0) Cheruvathur (CT)' 1,087 88.2 94.3 82 6 27.8 371 19.4 34 35 34 Payyannur(M)* 1,067 91 5 964 870 275 415 143 27 26 28 Tallparamba (M) 1,021 90.0 95.5 84 5 258. 41 5 106 29 27 31 Cheruthazham (CT)' '1,082 89.7952847 276 40.1 160 44 43 46 Cherukunnu (CT)' 1,174 90.4 960 85.7 248 37.1 143 40 40 4.0 Kannapuram (C T )' 1.158 91 3 959 87.4 25.6 38.5 14.4 3.6 32 39 Kalilassen (C T ) 1,081 93.0 973 891 241 38 1 11.1 33 33 33 Papplnlssen (C T ) 1,025 917 965 87.1 224 38.1 71 27 36 19 Kannadlparamba (C T )" 1,054 899 952 84.9 25.9 39.8 12 7 34 31 37 Varam (C T)* 1,077 89.4 95.1 84.2 23.2 39.6 7.9 2.3 3.0 16 Munden (C T )" 1,088 889 960 82.5 232 37.7 9.8 30 35 27 Kanhlrode (C T ) 1,062 913 968 863 246 400 101 20 18 22 Chelora (C T ) 1,041 94.1 976 908 248 424 78 1 2 1 5 1 0 Chala (C T) 1,068 94 0 976 906 231 389 83 27 28 26 Inven (C T.)" 1,065 92.8 975 885 235 369 109 25 24 27 Ancharakandy (C T )* 1,051 938 976 902 282 413 15.7 18 21 16 Peralassen (C T ) 1,077 93.2 972 896 27.4 404 15.3 30 35 26 MaviiaYI (C T )* 1,070 94.0 975 909 277 393 168 2.5 27 23 Kadachlra(C T ) 1,090 944 979 91 1 22.5 36.9 93 25 3.5 16 Mattannur (M)' 1,009 888943834 271 398 146 28 29 2.6 Paduvllayi (C T r 1,029 866 918 81 7 24.8 38.5 11 5 26 27 25 Pathlrlyad (C T )' 1,065 927 96 6 890 280 403 164 20 27 14 PmaraYI (C T) 1,081 94 2 977 91.0 299 41 5 192 3.2 33 3.1 Eruvattl (C T)' 1,065 941 972 91 1 302 437 177 23 26 2.0 Kottayam-Malabar (C T ) 1,054 937 969 908 245 394 103 22 27 18 Koothuparamba(M) 1,094 941 969 91 6 . 25 4 428 9.4 1.0 1 3 0.8 Patti om (CT)' 1,122 934 96.6 906 249 39.0 12.4 21 29 14 Kadlrur (Cn' 1,118 953 97.9 92.9 26 7 43.7 11.4 2.5 23 27 Panmyannur (eT)' 1,196 953 980 931 206 371 6.7 10 16 06 Penngathur (CT\' 1,163 916 959 88.0 180330 51 24 29 19 Chockh(CT)' 1,175 947 97.7 92.2 20.3 373 59 11 15 07 Note Town names With asterisk mali< (*) denote places treated as town for the first lime In 1991

119 TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeratlonl Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates CltyITown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) p M F p M F p M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kannur (U.A.) 1,057 94.2 96.9 91.7 25.0 43.3 7.7 1.3 1.7 0.9 (A) Kannur (M) 1,036 92.7 952 90.2 243 43.2 60 08 15 02 (B) Kannur Cantonment 594 968 979 947 489 698 137 03 04 02 (e) Azhlkode North (CT)" 1,049 935 966 906 249 432 75 2.0 23 1 7 (D) Azhlkode South (Cn 1,066 957 983 933 249 442 69 13 15 11 (E) Valapattanam (CT) 948 933 972 891 223 409 26 1 1 1 8 0.2 (F) Chlrakkal (CT) 1,057 938 974 904 264 44.9 88 09 11 07 (G) Elayavoor (CT) 1,098 946 976 920 23.4 410 74 17 25 10 (H) Puzhathl (Cn 968 92.6 960 890 25.2 41 2 87 15 20 10 (I) Pallikkunnu(CT) 1,071 967 986 949 24.7 438 68 13 16 09 (J) Tho\tada (CT) 1,095 935 965 907 246 422 85 20 27 14 (K) MuzhapPllangad (CT) 1,074 931 960 904 228 395 72 26 36 18 (l) Eranhoh (CT) 1,121 957 980 936 274 443 122 22 26 19 (M) Dharmadom (CT) 1,086 947 976 921 276 443 123 11 16 07 (N) Thalassery (M) 1,077 94.7 96.9 92.7 24.5 43.3 71 09 1.1 06 (0) New Mane (CT) 1,138 939 962 918 207 409 30 1.0 1 7 0.5 Kaipetta eM)' 947 842 89.0 790 346 499 186 43 42 4.4 Nadapuram (CT)' 1,073 863 936 798 185 327 53 41 47 3.5 Mavoor(CT)* 986 928 964 893 234 402 63 32 49 15 Kuttlkkattoor(CT), 988 896 936 856 248 452 42 14 20 08 Perumanna(CT)* 993 906 95.2 859 253 441 63 31 44 19

Kozhlkode (U A.) 1,022 92.7 96.4 89.1 24.2 42.9 5.9 1.8 2.9 0.8 (A) Kuzhlkoue(C) &(OG) 1,029 931 964 899 254 445 68 13 21 05 (01) Kozhlkode(C) 1,028 932 964 900 254 44.6 68 12 21 04 (02) Puthlyangadl(OG) 933 886 881 892 302 523 66 21 36 06 (03) Elathur(OG) 1,038 926 960 893 252 443 68 22 26 18 (6) Koduvally(CT)* 1,021 89.9 952 847 201 377 29 4.1 4.7 36 (C) Kakkodl (CT)* 1,031 924 963 887 251 441 6.7 15 21 10 (D) Kunnamangalam (CT)* 922 934 976 889 21 7 379 42 29 43 1.3 (E) Pantheeramkavu(CTr 1,003 948 983 91 3 257 465 50 24 33 15 (F) Ramanattukara (CT)" 995 930 965 895 231 408 52 18 26 10 (G) Olavanna (CT) 1,032 925 964 886 260 453 72 25 37 14 (H) Cheruvannur (CT) 1,020 927 966 889 21 0 383 41 27 48 06 (I) Beypore (CT) 1.030 927 962 893 236 439 39 15 25 05 (J) Karuvamthuruthy ICT)' 1,025 901 955 850 207 37.4 44 30 50 11 (K) Feroke (CT) 1,004 90.9 95.8 86 1 21 6 388 45 24 41 08 (l) Kadalundl (CT)' 1,059 898 953 848 205 377 42 38 55 23

120 TABLE 36 : SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeratlon/ Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates CltyrTown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) P M F P M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Vadakara (U.A.) 1,041 90.8 95.4 86.4 23.3 40.7 6.6 2.6 3.6 1.6 (A) Vadakara (M) 1,036 914 956 875 247 435 66 21 28 13 (B) Vllilappally (CT)' 1,053 892 949 83.8 198 338 64 38 53 24 Pennthalmanna(M)* 1,064 916 952 884 237 398 85 19 24 14 Tlrur(M) 1,026 91 1 944 880 19.5 354 40 07 1.2 02 Ponnanl(M) 1,067 762 819 71.1 198 375 31 20 35 06

Malappuram (U.A.) 1,017 92.5 95.2 89.9 21.5 38.0 5.4 2.1 2.6 1.6 (A) Malappuram (M) &(OG) 1,023 926 953 900 207 367 50 20 26 13 (01) Malappuram(M) 1,019 934 960 908 21 1 368 58 14 21 07 (02) Anakkayam(OG) 1,032 910 939 88.3 197367 33 32 38 27 (B) Manjen(M) 1,011 924 951 898 225 393 58 22 25 19 Shoranur (M) 1,079 909 943 877 289 448 141 19 19 20 Ottappalam (M) 1,123 902 93.7 87.1 283 432 150 17 20 1.4 Mannarkad (M)* 1,039 84.3 89.9 79 0 304 467 147 22 14 29

Chittur-Ti thamangalam (U A.) 1,041 82.8 90.0 76.0 32.9 48.0 18.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 (A) Chittur-Thathamangalam(M) 1,054 84.5 91 1 784 328 473 19.0 1 4 1 2 1 5 (B) Koduvayur (CT)' 1,039 824 886 764 342 502 18 B 07 04 11 (C) Puthunagaram (CT)* 1,016 795 B9.0 702 31 5 472 161 08 07 09

Palakkad (U.A.) 1,025 87.3 92.7 82.1 30.5 47.9 13.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 (A) Palakkad (M) &(OG) 1,022 BB 3 933 836 300 480 123 10 11 09 (01) Palakkad (M) 1,020 885 933 838 296 481 114 10 11 09 (02) Hernamblka Nagar(OG) 1,040 870 928 816 329 470 194 07 08 07 (B) Puthuppanyaram (CT)' 1,043 852 923 785 307 463 159 18 14 21 (C) Marutharode (CT), 1,024 81 7 88 1 755 346 495 199 09 08 10 Kunnamkulam(M) 1,088 93 1 954 91 1 308 477 152 10101.1 Chelakkara(CTr 1,126 865 906 830 290 437 161 1 4 1 4 1 4 Kolazhy (CT)* 1,086 928 953 905 293 452 146 27 30 25 Pottore (CT)* 1082 929 959 901 286 463 12 1 29 32 25 Kuttoor(CT)* 1,023 944 966 923 31 3 480 150 30 25 36 Pullazhl (CT) 1.123 91 3 944 885 306 494 138 1 7 1 3 1 9 Kanlmangalam(CTj 1,073 928 960 899 321 508 148 21 22 21 Pallssery (CTr 1,051 931 964 900 329 533 135 1 4 1 4 1 3 AVlnlssery (CT) 983 923 958 889 338 516 156 09 06 12 Chevvoor(CT) 1,097 929 964 898 294 488 11 8 12 18 07 Marathakkara ! C TI 1,017 926 957 895 346 534 161 1 5 1 7 1 3 MathllakarT1IC T ( 1,144 910 951 876 244 370 135 33 33 34 Pudukkad (CT) 1,080 91 5 944 889 263 41 8 11 9 25 35 1.6

121 TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeratlonl Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates CltylTown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) P M F p M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Innjalakudi;! (M) 1,048 945 970 921 273 427 12.6 08 1.2 0.4 Chalakudy (M) 1,021 929 956 903 273 44.7 102 40 33 4.7 Koratty (C T)* 1,013 93.7 96 0 914 264 41 8 11 3 3.5 3.3 3.7

Kodungallur (U.A.) 1,084 90.7 94.8 86.9 28.9 44.3 14.7 4.0 3.9 4.1 (A) Kodungallur(M) 1,080 89.7 94.0 85.8 28.8 44.8 14 0 2.6 3.0 2.2 (8) Enyad (CT)· 1,103 88.7 939 84.0 280 409 163 67 58 7.5 (C) Methala (CT) 1,075 929 96.2 898 29 6 46.2 14.1 35 3.5 3.5

Guruvayoor (U.A.) 1,137 91.1 94.5 88.1 24.0 38.0 11.7 1.4 1.8 1.0 (A) Guruvayoor(Ts) 1,159 925 94.7 90.7 266 430 125 o 5 0.6 0.5 (8) Chavakkad (M) 1,128 88.3 92.6 84.6 232 366 11 4 07 1.2 0.3 (C) Pookode (CT)' 1,133 92.4 95.6 89.1 244 383 12.2 25 1.8 3.1 (D) Perakam (eT)' 1,133 93.5 962 91 2 25.2 39.4 127 26 35 1.8 (E) Inngaprom (CT) 1,099 93.0 96.0 90 4 27.7 42.7 14 1 1.2 1 5 1.0 (F) Thalkkad (CT)' 1,127 93.7 95.9 91 8 260 410 128 07 10 0.5 (G) Paluval (eT)' 1,153 90.2 94 4 86.8 20.5 33.0 9.6 3.4 4.8 2.2 (ti) Pavaratty (eT)' 1,170 91.6 954 885 227 35.5 11 7 24 3.2 1.6 (I) Venmenad (CT)' 1,138 91.2 956 874 18.7 30.6 81 1.6 2.2 1 1

Thrissur (U.A.) 1,046 94.2 96.5 92.1 30.7 48.4 13.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 (A) Thnssur (M) &(OG) 1,085 95.5 97.2 939 30.0 47.5 140 07 0.8 06 (01) Thnssur (M) 1,087 95.6 973 941 29.9 475 137 07 09 06 (02) Poonkunnam 0 G 1,053 98.5 99.2 97.8 347480222 03 07 (03) Penngavu (OG) 1,077 94.7 96.4 93.2 30.2 472 145 02 03 01 (04) Chembukavu (OG) 1,096 981 99.1 972 32.1 462 193 (05) Thnssur (OG) 1,053 916 95.2 883 31.7 468 17 4 09 10 07 (8) Vllvattom (CT) 1,000 90.1 94.1 86.2 345 51.5 175 1 0 1.0 0.9 (C) Viyyur (CT) 910 907 933 879 286 405 155 2.0 23 16 (D) Ayyanthole (CT) 1,067 946 97.1 922 304 463 155 07 0.8 0.6 (E) Nettlssery (CT)" 1,047 945 970 92.1 30.6 509 11 2 09 0.9 0.9 (F) Mannuthy (CT) 1,032 937 96.4 91.1 297 480 120 07 0.9 0.5 (G) Nadathara (eT) 1,057 930 959 90.2 328 510 15.7 24 1 9 2.8 (H) Ollur (CT) 1,037 94.8 969 927 306 491 128 1.6 1.8 1.5 (I) Chlyyaram (eT) 1,024 95.7 97.5 94.0 31 1 50.5 122 1.1 1.3 0.9 (J) Koorkkanchery (eT) 1,053 92.4 95 9 89.2 30 0 49.9 11.0 12 1.5 09 (K) Aranattukara (CT) 1,032 953 976 931 30.8 48.0 142 1 2 1.3 1.1 (L) Edakkunny(CT) 1,056 933 953 915 30750.0124 1.3 09 1 8 Perumbavoor (M) 1,006 93.1 959 902 303 491 11 7 21 08 34 Angamaly (M) 1,005 933 95.5 910 31.7 48.7 147 21 22 20

1,22 TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeratlon/ Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work ParticIpation Rates CltylTown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) p M F p M F p M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Vadakkekara (CT) 1,077 92.3 95 8 89.1 305 486 136 18 16 20 Moothakunnam(G T)' 1,081 93.4 96.4 90 6 32.8 489 179 16 20 13 Chendamangalam (CT) 1,079 95.6 98.0 93 5 279 465 107 2.5 23 28 Muvattupuzha (M) 986 92 9 952 905 300 487 11 1 07 10 04 Plravam (M)" 1,004 948 973 92.3 31 1 51 7 105 1 3 1 3 1 3 Koothattuk.ulam (M)* 1,012 924 957 891 33153.5130 46 23 68 Kothamangalam (M) 1,011 930 955 90.5 305 49.2 120 25 24 25

Kochi (U.A,) 997 93.7 96.5 90.9 29.6 48.2 11.0 1.8 2.2 1.3 (A) Kochl(C)&(OG) 992 94.9 9"12 925 301 492 108 1 2 18 OJ (01) KOehl (C) 992 951 974 928 300 492 10.7 1 2 1.8 06 (02) Kakkanad 0 G 1,001 874 91 3 836 326 500 153 2.3 2.7 1 9 (8) Aluva (M) 1,013 954 974 935 306 478 136 05 0 B 0,3 (e) Choorl'1lkkara (CT)' 969 912 951 872 281 457 99 1.9 2.1 1 7 (0) Edathala (CT)' 1,004 874 921 827 308 49.1 126 2.2 2.2 2.2 (E) Paravur (M) 1,053 939 965 915 29.1 476 116 10 1.0 09 (F) Kedamangalam (CT)' 1.058 921 957 887 278 446 120 28 3.2 24 (G) Kottuvally (CT) 1,052 92.5 959 893 26 9 45.1 97 42 42 4.3 (H) Alangad (eT)' 1,010 914 951 878 268 44.6 9.3 3.3 4.1 2.6 (I) Varapuzha (CT)' 1,048 939 964 915 292 478 11 5 4.6 50 41 (J) Kadungalloor (CTt 985 892 936 848 29746912.3 25 21 29 (K) Eloor (M) 919 936 964 905 275 449 85 36 5, i 20 (L) Chenyakadavu (CT) 1,035 94.3 955 931 30.5 473 138 38 48 28 (M) Cheranallur (eT)' 1,018 951 9"17 92.5 276 466 90 24 37 1.1 (N) Mulavukad (eT) 1,026 952 979 925 252 427 8.3 4 1 59 2,3 (0) Kalamassery (M) 956 912 948 874 304 484 116 14 1.6 1 1 (P) '1azhakkala ICT)' 982 920 952 889 31 0 490 127 1 6 :;: 1 1 1 (Q) ThlrJvankulam (CT)" 1,004 94.3 97 0 91.5 306 482 132 1 6 20 13 ~R) Tnppunlthura (M) 1,020 944 974 915 3fJ 7 489 12 9 2 1 2.1 :2 1 (S) Maradu (CT) 1,001 95.1 981 92 '1 L86 492 8.1 Q6 09 83 Idukkl Townsh'p 943 90.2 93.2 86 9 35 a 545 160 1.6 " 1 2 1 Thodupuzha (M) 1,003 92'1 95,0 893 30.2 500 105 09 09 08 Palal(M) 1,013 96.3 971 956 306 486 129 1 7 :.8 15 Erattupetta (M)* rl32 903 957 845 259 47:2 30 05 1 1 0 1 Valkom (M) 1,030 93.5 97.1 90.1 289 447 135 22 1.2 3.0 Changanassery (M) 1,016 97.3 984 962: 273 447 102 06 08 ;.;3 Kanjlfappally (M)" 974 95.2 97 2 93.2 2905G2 73 .,.:," 1.5 1 )

123 TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeration! Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates CltyfTown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) P M F P M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kottayam (U.A.) 1,003 96.6 98.0 95.2 29.3 47.5 11.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 (A) Kottayam (M) &(OG) 1,009 96.5 97.8 95 1 302 47.9 12.6 1.0 1.2 0.7 (01) Kottayam (M) 1,011 96.3 978 94.8 30.3 48.2 12.7 0.9 1.2 05 (02) Vljayapuram (OG) 1,003 969 93.1 958 298 47.2 12.5 1.3 1 3 1.2 (8) Perumbalkadu (CT)" 990 96.3 97.9 94 7 28.3 476 8.9 1 0 1.4 0.6 (C) Nattakam (CT)" 1,004 97.2 98.4 96 1 281 466 96 1.8 1.6 20 Aroor (CT)" 1,022 91 5 96.4 86.7 27.1 41.0 135 63 64 6.3 Arookutty (CT)" 1,002 897 95.9 83.7 27.0 39.9 14.2 7.1 79 6.4 Kodamthuruthu (CT)" 1,028 93.8 97.5 90.2 30.3 39.9 21.0 9.5 8.9 10.1 Mannancherry (CT)" 1,037 92.2 97.4 87.2 34.0 42.6 25.7 5.4 3.1 7.6 Kayamkulam (M) 1,028 917 95.6 880 25.3 41 5 9.5 1.6 1.9 1.2 Chengannur (M) 1,062 96 5 98.2 94.9 25.0 41.2 96 1.7 1.3 2.1 Mavehkkara (M) 1,082 96.7 979 95.6 24.0 39.4 98 1.8 2.0 16

Cherthala (U.A.) 1,050 94.1 98.0 90.4 36.7 45.9 27.9 5.0 3.5 6.4 (A) Cherthala (M) 1,048 940 98.4 89.7 34.0 46.3 22.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 (8) Vayalar (CTt 1,047 94.2 98.0 90 7 41 6 47.3 36.2 4.3 3.4 5.2 (C) Kokkothamangalam (CT)" 1,031 942 97.6 908 35.1 43.2 27.3 6.6 4.7 8,4 (0) Thanneermukkam (CT)" 1,057 939 976 905 36.0 44.6 27.8 78 4.4 11.1 (E) Muhamma (CT)" 1,058 943 97.9 90 9 388 47.1 31.0 4.6 24 66

Alappuzha (U.A.) 1,042 93.4 96.6 90.4 29.7 44.3 15.7 2.7 2.3 3.2 (A) Alappuzha (M) &(OG) 1,042 93 3 96.4 90.3 29.0 44.1 14.4 22 2.0 2.5 (01) Alappuzha (M) 1,038 93.2 96 4 902 27.8 44 2 12.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 (02) Kalarkode (OG) 1,074 93.9 96 5 91.5 33.4 44 1 23.4 34 2.1 4.6 (03) Punnapra (OG) 1,040 93.2 96.2 90.3 32.2 43.4 21.4 37 2.9 4.4 (8) Komalapuram (CT)" 1,041 94.1 97.6 90 9 33.9 45.2 23.1 57 3.9 7.4 Thlruvalla (M) 1,084 97.1 984 95.9 25.3 40 9 110 141.71.2 Pathanamthltta (M) 1,019 94.4 965 924 26.9 46.4 7.8 1.3 1 0 1.6 Pandalam (M)" 1,079 94.9 973 927 27.1 45.8 9.7 2.3 1.3 3.2 Adoor (M)" 1,048 94.1 96.4 92.1 27.3 45.4 10.0 2.6 2.4 2.8 PunaJur (M) 1,023 91.3 94.2 88.6 28.4 48.1 9.1 2.5 1.2 3.8 Paravoor (M) 1,076 86.7 90.2 83.5 24 9 39.7 11.1 1.6 1.7 1.4

Kollam (U.A.) 1,016 90.7 93.7 87.8 27.1 43.1 11.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 (A) Kollam (M) &(OG) 1,012 90.7 93.1 88.4 27.7 44.5 11.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 (01) Kollam (M) 1,017 90.7 92.8 88.7 27 1 43.9 10.6 1.7 2.1 1.3 (02) Sakthlkulangara (0 G) 997 90.5 93.5 87.6 28.9 45.3 12.4 1.6 1.9 1.3 (03) Neendakara (0 G) 996 896 92.0 87.1 31.4 47.9 14.8 1.7 0.8 2.5 (04) Mundakkal (0 G) 1,021 92.1 94.7 89.6 265 44.0 9.5 3.4 2.1 4.7

124 TABLE 36: SEX RATIO, LITERACY RATES AND WORK PARTICIPATION RATES IN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS, 1991

Urban Agglomeration! Sex ratio Literacy Rates Work Participation Rates CltyfTown (Females Main workers Marginal workers per 1,000 males) P M F P M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(8) Mangad (C T)* 1,042 91 4 957 874 27.2 39.8 15.1 32 33 30 (C) KlIlkollur (C T)* 1,036 89.4 940 85.0 255 40.5 11 0 66 5.5 7.7 (D) Vadakkevlla (C T) 1,015 908 950 868 269 42.1 11.9 4.6 47 45 (E) Eravlpuram (C T) 1,006 909 941 87.7 247 40.6 90 2.8 28 2.8 Varkala (M) 1,107 883 917 852 259 423 112 3.3 25 4.0 Vakkom (CT)* 1,197 87.4 935 825 31.0 38.5 24 B 40 47 34 Attmgal (M) 1,093 93.2 96.2 906 260 435 9.9 0.7 09 0.5 Nedumangad (M) 1,058 91.5 95.0 88.1 309 521 10.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 Neyyattmkara (M) 1,007 93.2 95.7 90.7 293 483 10.4 2.4 1.1 3.7

Thiruvananthapuram (U.A.) 1,017 91.7 94.5 89.0 29.6 46.4 13.1 1.0 1.2 0.7 (A) Thlruvananthapuram (C) & 0 1,016 91 3 940 886 29.9 46.6 134 1 0 1 2 08 (01) Thlruvananthapuram (C) 1,018 92.2 94.8 897 29.5 45.9 13.5 0.8 1 1 0.6 (02) Kazhakuttam (0 G ) 1,037 92.9 964 894 29.7 495 10.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 (03) Thumba (O G ) 1,019 921 947 89.5 31 1 477 147 1 3 1 5 10 (04) Sreekanyam (0 G) 1,027 942 968 91 7 30.9 49.5 129 1.0 09 1 1 (05) Cheruvlkkal (0 G ) 1,033 95.0 976 924 309 47.8 145 1.5 1.9 12 (06) Vattlyooi'kavu (0 G ) 1,023 92.3 954 89.2 292 47.5 113 27 3.6 1.8 (07) Thlruvallam (0 G ) 1,013 862 91.6 80.9 354 51.6 194 1.0 0.8 1.1 (08) Kovalam (0 G ) 948 68.6 716 654 27.6 48.7 54 15 18 13 (8) Ulloor (C T )* 976 941 968 91.4 28.3 44.2 12 1 1.0 1 1 0.8 (C) Kudappanakunnu (C T )* 1,032 95.4 97.9 93.1 288 451 129 1.5 2.2 08 (D) Anayara (C T ) 1,041 937 96.9 907 28.2 46.4 109 07 1 2 02 (E) Nemom (C T )* 1,025 93.0 959 90.2 275 454 10.0 0.3 05 01

125 TABLE 37: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS IN URBAN

.. ------_Urban Agglomeration! Per cent malll workers engaged In __ ._------GltyrTown Agrlculturel Llvestock.forestry Mlfll'lg .,11<1 Manufactunng,

Labour fishing Hunting and Ou,vr~ 'nq Process.ng. Plantations Servicing and Orclla'ds 3i1d Al'ied Repairs In Actlvilies Household Industry p M F P M F P M F p M F P M r 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16

~.'anJeshwar (CT)' 42 54 1 q 114 144 55 13 1 9 01 01 02 13 09 20 Kasaragod (M) 26 31 07 60 72 23 80 103 04 02 03 01 07 07 06

Kanhangad (U.A.) 6.9 7.7 5.2 20.3 17.3 26.7 6.7 9.4 0.8 2.0 24 1.1 1.3 0.9 2.2 (Al Kanhangad (MY 69 81 43 20 I) 176 268 65 9 1 0.7 23 28 1 1 1 1 09 1.4 (8) Perole (CTl' 74 83 55 235 200 315 19 25 OS 31 31 30 01 0.1 Ie) Nlleshwar (en' 53 62 '32 192 171 244 82 109 1 8 03 0.3 03 23 16 40 (D) Cheruvathur (CT), 80 77 87 187 148 256 88 135 04 21 30 04 18 06 40 Payyannur(M)' 87 80 107 236 156 455 23 28 1 :: 1 0 13 03 3.5 27 55 Tallparamba [M) 49 41 80 139 86 346 29 34 09 17 20 OJ 21 17 40 Cheruthazham (CT)' 107 8l 155 251 131 528 21 24 14 77 100 23 16 16 18 Cherukunnu [Cn' 93 68 150 208 12 (; 389 75 85 53 17 1 3 24 16 16 1 5 Kannapuram (C T )* 67 45 116 223 14 [) 416 40 49 21 17 16 19 21 25 10 K:'lillassen (C T ) 36 34 42 164 13 t 405 25 32 05 1 3 15 08 05 03 09 PapPlmssen (C "/ ) 20 20 23 90 131 242 31 33 19 13 1 5 04 08 06 17 Kannadlparamba (C T )' 40 48 17 205 147 376 26 31 1 2 79 97 25 1 7 18 1.5 Varam (eT)' 28 25 35 203 160 405 29 33 07 03 03 0.2 Munden (C T )' 41 34 64 244 185 454 22 27 03 05 06 0.3 1.4 16 0.8 Kanhlrode (C -: ) 3.9 33 58 131 103 237 2 1 26 05 1 4 1 8 1 5 14 1 B Chelof9 Ie -:) 36 23 76 109 89 21 3 14 16 04 05 06 1 1 1 0 17 CMaia (C T) 25 28 16 110 (1:;' 189 33 36 19 04 05 22 16 45 24 25 1 :1 156 135 22 :c. 32 39 10 04 04 03 1 9 16 28 AncharaKandy IC T r 35 34 37 152 120 231 20 21 18 40 43 32 05 04 08 Peraiassen IC T) 30 3 (j 31 71 '54 113 25 26 22 08 10 03 4.8 32 8.S MavlfaYi (C -, :' 25 28 17 11 5 92 165 40 49 20 0.6 08 02 16 1 2 24 Kadachlfa(C T ) 1 7 1U 13 75 60 130 33 36 25 02 02 01 47 47 46 Ma!tannur (M)" 9 9 96 107 343 25" 583 35 37 30 46 57 17 16 12 27 PadlJVIlaYI (e T )' 45 49 31 172 138 284 35 38 27 57 46 91 38 30 62 Palt'lrlyad 1C -:-.;' 31 39 ' 2 125 106 If 9 39 49 15 04 05 02 16 1 1 29 PtnaraYI (C "/) i 1 13 07 71 63 87 7i) 101 as 11 1 5 04 02 02 03 Eruvattl (C -r)' 13 38 23 155 141 19.3 60 78 20 1 3 18 01 28 30 23 Kottayam-Malabar Ie T i 55 53 62 163 135 264 29 34 10 05 05 02 23 20 34 Koothuparamba(M) 21 24 11 133 115 21 0 25 28 13 43 3< 89 21 1 8 32

Paltiom (CT,. 41 45 31 202 177 ~7 4 22 27 07 51 48 99 06 Go 06 Kadlrur rei")' 44 49 26 161 147 208 16 18 OS 07 0;) 01 14 14 1.6

Panntyannur (CTi' 57 5 ~ 83 19 12 51 89 99 44 05 06 07 03 Penngatt>uf (eT), 51 55 28 193 139 490 28 32 32 37 01 38 3) 80 Chockll(CT)' 44 38 76 136 104 204 38 43 1 1 17 1 5 29 02 02 02

Note Town names WIth 3Stensk marl<. (') denote places treated as town for the first t,me In 1991

126 AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent malO workers engaged 10 Urban AgglomeralionJ Manufactunng, Construction Trade and Transport, Other Services CltyfTown Processing, Commerce Storage and Servicing and Communlcallons Repairs In Non Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2') 26 27 28 29 30 31

381 154 825 21 31 249 372 08 45 67 01 122 149 70 Manjeshwar(CT)' 214139451 38 49 04286308215 80103 07208185283 Kasaragod(M)

24.B 17.1 41.3 3.4 4.6 0.8 16.1 19.8 B.1 5.3 7.4 0.9 13.2 13.4 12.9 Kanhangad (U.A.) 231 152 401 38 52 07 165 196 100 54 7.5 07 140 139 142 (A) Kanhangad (M)* 317 264 44 0 38 47 20 11 0 152 1 3 47 6.6 02 129 133 120 (8) Peroie (CT)' :l2.2 155 383 24 31 o6 20 3 24 8 9 5 4 6 6.4 04 15 1 14 2 17 5 (C) Nlieshwar (CT)' 274 17.5 44 7 31 44 08 142 187 63 63 88 20 96 11 1 7 1 (D) Cheruvathur (CT)' 16 1 162 158 46 58 1 3 17 4 226 33 79 105 11 149 14 8 15 5 Payyannur(M)' 149 149 148 65 71 40 244 297 43 96 11 8 12 192 16 9 28 a Taliparamba (M) 106 124 62 108 150 13108146 22 61 76 28 144 147 137 Cheruthazham (CTt 137 154 100 86 112 29 158 21 6 30 69 85 36 141 12.6 176 Cherukunnu (CT)' 19.4 21 3 15.0 78 97 33 168 214 61 64 83 18 129 11.8 156 Kannapuram (C.T.)' 316 330 270 94 113 34 153 190 33 66 78 26 129 11.7 168 Kalilassen (C T) 377 394 289 58 63 28 182 203 70 72 83 18 149 122 29 a Papplmssen (C T) 29.9 267 393 6.8 82 27 133 173 16 31 40 05 102 9 8 11 4 Kannadlparamba (C T )' 30.3 306 289 72 85 16 160 188 28 82 97 09 12:2 103 209 Varam (C T)' 270280234 43 51 1 5 172 21 2 32 79 99 D 7 11 1 91 180 Munden (C T)* 30.5 290 364 68 83 1 2 188 233 18 52 63 09 167 13 7 27 8 Kanhlrode (C T ) 327 334 290 92 102 41 178 208 2.2 90 104 19 138 10.4 318 Chelora(CT) 30 5 27 8 42 1 6 0 6 8 2 7 23 6 28 3 2 8 8 S 90 80 117 104 175 Chala(CT) 34.7 31 3 45 5 3 3 3 8 20 199 257 14 68 71 58 119 103 172 Inven(CT)' 385 360 446 44 54 16 126 171 15 62 85 07 132 109 191 Ancharakandy (C T)' 457 427 530 29 38 07 130 174 22 54 68 21 148 142 165 Peralassen (C Tl 464 413 576 39 49 18 127 1BO 12 46 55 25 122 11.4 141 MavllaYI (C T)' 31 7 28 9 41 9 5 2 57 34 21 6 269 24 81 8 9 5 3 16 1 13 6 25 1 Kadachlra(C T ) 62 69 42 40 48 1 6 162 21 8 10 69 87 21 129 12.2 147 Mattannur (M)* 24 5 22 7 30 3 2 8 35 08 200 25.8 1.2 6 a 70 27 120 109 155 PaduvllaYI(CT)' 407344551 29 34 18 143 20 1 11 72 89 31 134 122 161 Pathmyad (C T)* 48 7 39 1 68 1 3 a 3 4 22 135 193 21 59 77 24 123 112 144 PlnaraYI (C T) 34 6 27 9 50 3 5 1 6 5 19 110 151 13 66 72 53 137 130 152 Eruvattl(CT)' 223 183 37.2 47 5.6 1 6 243 30.4 2.0 9.6 11 a 44 117 10 1 176 Kottayam-Malabar (C T) 182 179 191 68 76 38 226 267 57 110 124 50 172 13 8 30 9 Koothuparamba(M) 184 18 a 19,5 72 82 43 166 191 99 96 123 20 148 12 1 225 Pattlom (CT)' 26 8 21 0 46 8 5 7 68 1 9 187 232 35 109 136 15 137 117 205 Kadlrur (CT)' 123 135 7,2 11 8 11 9 11 3 25 2 29 9 35 85 77 126 245 195 477 PanOlyannur (CT)' 60 69 12 73 80 35 334 388 35 56 56 59 135 113 258 Penngathur (Crt 155 178 33 76 82 43 284 331 36 77 79 70 171 129 396 ChoCkll(CT)*

127 TABLE 37: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) 01: MAIN WORKER~ IN URBAN

Utban AgglomeralJOnJ Per cent main workers engaged In '.)tyfTown Cultivation Agricultural Livestock,Forestry Mining and Manufactunng, Labour Fishing, Hunting and Quarrying ProcesSing, Plantations, Servicing and Orchards and Allied Repairs In Activities Household Industry P M F p M F p M F p M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Kannur (U.A.) 1.0 1.0 1,1 4.5 3,8 8.1 6.3 7.1 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.5 1.3 2.4 (Al Kann~r (M) 04 04 04 15 15 14 83 91 22 01 0.1 01 08 07 10 (S) Kannur CanL,1ment 1.1 09 24 0.1 (C) Azh'kode '~orth (CT), 12 10 26 65 42 195 98 114 1.2 02 0.2 01 10 09 1,9 (D) Az~ikode South (CT) 1 2 09 28 39 33 77 78 88 2.0 03 04 31 26 64 (E) Valapattanam (GT) 02 02 17 18 14 14 09 02 02 01 01 09 (F) Ghlrakkal (GT) 07 06 11 67 56 117 20 22 11 03 03 01 2,9 2,3 58 (G) Elayavoor (GT) 14 14 16 44 32 108 29 27 36 0.2 02 01 0.3 03 03 (H) Puzhathl (GT) 18 18 17 58 55 76 19 19 19 01 01 23 1 8 47 (I) Palhk~unnu(GT) 13 1 4 0.9 33 31 50 18 19 13 0,1 01 09 09 05 (J) Tholtada (CT) 12 11 16 94 81 151 51 57 21 06 07 02 29 27 41 (K) Muzhappllangad (CT) 26 23 46 51 36 130 99 117 06 1 1 13 04 29 2.3 60 (L) Eranhoh (GT) 18 20 09 71 70 76 42 49 21 03 05 03 03 04 (I'W Dharmadom (GT) 10 12 04 61 54 87 66 77 28 07 07 04 09 09 10 (N) Thalassery (M) 07 08 03 32 28 53 91 103 20 02 02 01 1.2 1 1 16 «()) ,~ew Mahe (GT) 1 3 1 1 37 17 16 27 18.3 195 37 01 01 05 1.1 1 2 05 Kalpetta (M)' 39 47 14106 90150 309 258 455 15 14 1 8 08 0.7 12 Nddapuram (CTr 31 34 1 0 113 89 245 132 147 47 20 2 1 1 1 0,9 09 10 Mavoor(GT)' 77 84 32 144 134 210 15 17 02 42 43 39 12 12 1 7 KuttlKkattoor(Cl )* 78 81 4 7 14 9 14 0 24 4 32 35 03 35 32 61 09 06 44 Perumanna(CT)' 75 78 55 156 151 193 3.6 39 1.3 7.9 56 238 2.1 18 44

Kozhiko.:!e (U.A) 2.2 2,4 O,g 6.4 61 4.1 6.9 7,6 1.S 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9 3.1 (A) Kozhlkode(C) &(OG) 11 1 2 05 .30 32 15 75 85 15 02 03 02 09 07 19 (01) Kozhlkod3(C\ 10 10 04 30 33 15 59 66 14 02 02 02 07 07 08 (02) PuthlYangadl(OG) 675 755 (03) Elathur(OG) 24 26 17 27 29 16 257 294 23 06 06 0.2 24 04 14.6 (B/ Koduvaliy(CT)* :: 5 138 98 203 196 282 28 27 32 07 08 10 09 20 (e) Kakkodl (eT)' 38 42 12 179 186 134 28 30 13 33 24 91 14 08 52 (D) Kunnamang81anl (e II" 95 102 2 3 24 0 23 9 24 9 18 18 23 1 5 15 16 19 17 36 (E) Pantheera"1~,WW\\~',) 34 08 146 151 102 27 29 10 23 24 10 05 05 03

(F) Ramanattll~~r;J (CT)" 23 25 1 2 125 131 79 21 23 09 14 1 6 24 14 96

(G) Olavanna «(~T) 33 37 1 5 97 108 29 34 36 21 20 20 21 41 29 110 (H) Gheruvannur (ei) 1 5 1 6 10 42 44 22 22 23 15 03 03 04 04 10

(I) Beypore (C1 ~ 28 29 15 51 54 20 122 131 2.3 01 01 1 3 09 47 (J) Karuv3P,:'1"ruthy (, ,i' 23 26 02 111 115 78 66 74 05 08 09 14 08 59

(K) FeroKe (C I I 24 26 02 77 80 53 28 30 09 09 10 17 14 45 (L) Kadalundl(C Y 27 27 21 95 88 154 190 21 0 13 04 04 1 9 11 86

128 AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent main workers engaged In Urban Agglomeratlonl Manufacturing, Construction Trade and Transport, Other Services CltylTown Processing, Commerce Storage and Servicing and Communications Repairs In Non Household Industry P M F P M F p M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

28.5 28.0 31.0 5.9 6.3 3,9 23.4 26.5 6,8 9.8 11.0 3.3 19,0 14,8 41.2 Kannur (U.A.) 178 191 87 45 47 25 323 353 116 100 107 5 D 244 183 671 (A) Kannur (M) 59 58 69 1 7 19 04 37 35 57 22 21 29 854 858 81 7 (8) Kannur Cantonment 441448403 61 64 43 148 161 73 71 79 24 93 7 3 20 4 (C) Azhlkode North (CT)' 414 425 351 60 61 51 160 175 70 64 73 11 139 108 329 (0) Azhlkode South (CT) 356 359 304 45 48 314 327 98 126 129 80 123 101 50 0 (E) Valapattanam (CT) 384 383 389 62 66 39 194 223 54 90 106 13 145 11 1 30 8 (F) Chlrakkal (CT) 339 363 21 6 65 72 28 210 234 88 102 119 17 193 13 5 48 7 (G) Elayavoor (eT) 368 369 361 64 70 38 200 230 57 100 114 28 149 10 7 35 7 (H) Puzhathl (CT) 31 7 333 21 7 49 53 29 236 259 96 111 125 27 213 15 7 554 (I) Palllkl

19.1 19.2 18,.9 7,6 8.5 1.1 23.6 25.6 8.7 12.8 14.1 3,5 197 14.4 57.5 Kozhikode (U.A.) 173 181 129 68 77 11 272 299 103 127 141 40 233 166 663 (Aj Kozhlkode(C) &(OG) 173 184 104 69 78 1 1 280 308 107 128 142 42 241 170 694 (01) Kozhlkode(C) 175118667 18 20 70 59 167 61 49 167 (02) Puthlyangadl(OG) 176 140 401 53 60 10 179 199 54 112 127 23 143 11 6 30 8 (03) Elathur(OGj 77 79 49 34 36 14 203 21 5 49 161 172 23 143 12 0 43 2 (8) Koduvally(eT)' 148 134 237 67 75 1 3 200 21 6 95 155 173 43 139 11 3 31 1 (e) Kakkodl (CT)' 116 112 150 36 39 1 0 142 152 49 18.4 201 13 136 10 6 43 1 (D) Kunnamangalam (eT)' 159 144 297 203 223 18 152 162 60 96 103 27 158 12 5 46 6 (E) Pantheeramkavu(CT), 242 242 236 80 88 14 162 176 52 105 117 11 204 16 8 49 2 IF) Ramanattukara (eT)* 254 209 528 148 170 17 157 177 37 116 133 15 100 8 2 20 8 (G) Olavanna (CT) 316 322 263 80 87 1 0 224 244 47 143 155 42 151 10 4 58 1 (H) Cheruvannur (CT) 203 195 289 83 90 06 232 246 84 130 140 23 138 10 5 49 3 (I) 8eypore (eT) 30.8 283 520 108 120 12 131 143 24 87 95 17 144 127 283 (J) Karuvamt'1uruthy (CT)' 328 317 416 79 86 16 161 174 48 121 133 21 157 130 391 (K) Feroke (eT) 21 7 205 31 3 105 117 08 129 140 37 80 87 16 136 11 1 352 (L) Ka:':alundl (CT)'

129 TABLE 37: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS IN URBAN

Urban Agglomeration! Per cent mam workers engaged in Clty/Town Agncultural Llvestock,Forestry MIOIng and Manufactunng, Labour Flshmg, Hunting and Quarrying Processing, Plantations, ServJcmg and Orchards and Allied Repairs In Acbvibes Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Vadakara (U.A.) 0.9 0.9 0.5 3.7 3.3 6.3 10.7 12.2 2.1 %.5 2.4 3.2 2.0 1.6 4.3 (A) Vadakara (M) 06 06 07 24 23 29 11 1 12.6 1 7 1 3 1 3 0.7 21 1.6 49 (S) Vilhappally (CT)' 17 20 02 7 B 64 146 9.7 11 0 30 64 59 93 1 B 16 27 Pennthalmanna(M)' 113 127 53 310 281 443 0.7 08 06 03 04 03 25 26 24 , Tlrur(M) 58 63 19 173 179 11 8 22 24 1 0 02 02 1 1 12 09 Ponnam(M) 09 09 08 25 2.2 6.6 334 355 99 04 04 02 17 1 1 81

Malappuram (U.A.) 9.2 10.3 1.8 24.2 23.5 28.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.8 O.B 0.7 1.1 (A) Malappuram (M) &(OG) 99 112 1 2 24 4 24 6 22 8 29 30 20 1 2 1 1 1.9 07 07 10 (01) Malappuram(M) 8 a 92 10 208 214 176 20 21 1 3 1.2 1 0 24 08 08 07 (02) Anakkayam(OG) 143 155 18 324 315 425 51 51 47 1 1 1 2 06 04 21 (S) Manjeri(M) 85 94 2 4 24 0 22 5 33 6 17 17 1 7 10 09 1.6 08 DB 1 2 Sharanur (M) 53 51 57 219 159 398 09 09 10 03 03 01 32 27 46 Ottappalam (M) 59 70 30 284 208 476 1 2 1 5 05 0.6 09 41 41 39 Mannarkad (M)* 112 129 6 2 36 7 29 9 57 5 3.6 38 29 0,2 02 01 30 22 51

Chlttur.Thathalll18ngala", (U.A.) 5.2 5.9 3.3 26.8 14.8 56.8 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 8.7 1.5 11.8 (A) Chlttur-Thathamangalam(M) 58 65 40 229 128 465 1 9 24 09 0,5 07 107 91 144 (B) Koduvayur (CT)' 48 57 2.5 333 189 70 3 14 1 9 01 0.4 0.6 30 30 32 (e) Puthunagaram (CT)' 44 50 26 270 141 642 10 11 06 01 11 6 98 166

Palakkacl (U.A.) 3.0 3.1 2.6 14.B 8.5 36.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.2 %.4 1.7 (A) Palakkad (M) &(OG) 22 2.3 20 105 58 284 13 13 14 02 02 04 23 24,2'2 (01) Palakkad (M) 18 1.8 16 87 4.8 252 1 3 1 2 14 01 01 21 22 1 6 (02) Hemamblka Nagar(OG) 56 63 40 225 138 427 17 19 13 1 3 1 0 1 9 41 37 50 (S) Puthuppanyaram (eT)* 56 61 42 258 157 53 9 33 36 25 01 02 01 21 27 04 (C) Marutharode (eT)' 52 58 36 324 214 592 14 15 1 3 01 15 18 08 Kunnamkulam(M) 4.2 52 12 114 84 201 1 8 1 B 1 B 03 02 05 45 45 47 Chelakkara(CT)" 5,8 72 22 264 158 51 9 29 37 1 a 0.4 05 42 52 18 Kolazhy (Cn- 57 64 35 177 156 238 12 14 09 03 04 41 41 42 Pottore (Cn' 39 42 25 135 9 a 296 1 1 13 03 02 02 1 3 1 3 14 Kuttoor(CT)* 76 79 64 226 159 434 1 1 1 4 03 04 06 35 39 23 Pullazhl (en 33 31 41 139 B 2 319 1 9 18 23 02 02 33 28 47 Kammangalam(CT) 33 29 46 108 62 253 32 37 17 02 02 32 35 26 Pahssery (CT)' 4,9 51 42 89 50 234 16 1 5 19 03 03 98 116 30 AVIOIssery (eT) 64 61 72 150 9 6 334 23 24 20 01 02 26 28 21 Chewoor(CT) 38 42 22 106 63 26 8 29 30 25 10 1 1 09 121 148 21 Marathakkara (eT) 51 61 20 162 118 306 38 39 35 04 03 06 24 2,5 21 Mathilakam(CT)* 53 70 12 65 72 47 92 120 27 03 04 01 188 31 567 Pudukkad (CT) 41 51 08 12 a 10 5 16.8 28 26 33 17 14 26 28 3.1 17

130 AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent main wolkers engaged In Urban Agglomeration! Manufadunng. Construcllon Trade and Transport. Other SefV1ceS CltyiTown Processmg. Commerce Storage and SefV1cing and CommuOicatlons Repairs In Non Household Industry P M F P M F P M F p M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

14.9 14.2 18.9 8.4 8.3 9.0 28.5 32.4 5.7 12.1 11.8 13.5 16.3 12.9 36.5 Vadakara (U.A.1 16.9 15.6 24 9 72 71 77 309 347 6Q 113 117 90 163 12.5 40.8 (AI Vadakara (M) 6.8 9 7 43 119 119 121 214 252 28 143 12.2 247 16 1 14 1 26 1 (8\ VitltapQatt-J (CT\· 73 82 32 3.0 35 07 165 193 44 74 90 07 198 156 380 Pennthaimanna(M)' 84 92 16 43 47 07 277 301 69 11 1 11 9 3 7 21 8 16 1 71 5 TIrur(M) 85 7.9 159 72 76 26 216 231 48 83 88 2.4 156 127 48.8 Pormarn(M)

8.5 9.3 2.7 4.2 4.6 1.1 16.1 17.5 6.5 10.7 12.0 1.3 23.1 18.8 53.4 Malappuram (U.A.) 84 9.2 24 40 45 08 143 155 59 78 87 1 4 26 4 21 6 60 7 (A) Malappuram (M) &(00) 9.2 10.3 2.4 42 47 10 153 167 70 82 93 17 302 24.7 650 (01) Malappuram(M) 65 68 23 37 40 03 120 130 16 69 75 05 17 5 151 44 3 (02) Anakkayam(oo) 8.6 9,4 31 4.3 48 13 178 194 70 135 153 1 2 20 0 16 0 46.8 (8) Manjen(M) 15.3 164 62 3.0 37 0.9 126 155 3.9 184 236 30 193 14.0 34 9 Shoranur (M) 110 13.0 5 9 3.2 41 09 167 218 35 84112 1 1 207 156 33.7 Ottappalam (M) 88 96 63 3.0 39 04 133 16,4 36 79 103 04 125 108 176 Mannalkad(M)·

10.6 13.6 3.0 4.3 5.8 0.7 19.9 26.5 3.3 6.0 8.2 C1.4 16..6 15.2 20.1 ChiUur-ThatMIaIlftIIIIam (U.A.) 92 12:2 22 47 6 3 0 9 16 & 21.9 49 6.6 92 05 21 0 19.0 258 (A) Chittur-ThaIhamangaJam(M) 11 0 137 4.1 6.4 8 6 0.9 21 5 29 0 2 2 5.6 7 7 02 12 5 11 0 164 (8) Koduvayur (CT)' 130 164 33 1 1 1 4 0 2 24 6 32 8 1 0 4 9 65 04 123 128 11 0 (C) Puthunagaram (CT)'

13.7 16.0 5.t 4.1 4.7 2.1 23.9 28.9 6.4 14.6 17.5 4.4 21.9 17.1 38.6 Palakkad (U.A.) 129 14.8 53 41 46 25276328 76 150 177 5.0 23.8 18 2 454 (A) Palakkad (M) &(00) 137 15.6 59 43 46 2.9 301 353 86 13.4 160 3.0 247 185 499 (01) Palakkad (M) 70 9.0 2.6 34 45 0.8 102 131 33 262 315 13.7 161 152 248 (02) Hemamblka Nagar(OO) 103 127 35 3.6 48 1 1 126 158 37 186 23.6 46 179 14 9 26 1 (8) Puthuppanyaram (CT)· 248 301 121 40 53 1 0 116 149 35 5.8 77 10 132 11 5 17 6 (Cl Marutharode (CT)· 174 195 11.5 3.2 3.8 1.3 22 0 27 8 5 5 9.3 119 1 9 26 0 17 0 51 8 Kunnamkulam(M) 104 120 63 4.2 48 30 19.2 25.2 47 8.2 115 02 184 14 1 289 Chelakkara(CT)· 187 19.2 173 4.3 52 1.8 157 189 65 9.3 120 1 5 229 168 405 Kolazhy (CT)' 246 272 155 75 83 4.7 14.8 17.6 50 94 l'.,j 25 23.8 19.6 38 5 Pottore (CT)' 193 21.6 120 52 64 1 5 175 21.8 41 72 9.3 0.6 156 11.2 29 4 Kuttoor(CT)· 21 2 247 101 72 85 28 155 17.9 7.9 12.6 16.0 16 210 16 7 34 6 Pullazhl (CT) 20.1 22.9 11 4 56 66 29 224 25.1 13.5 11.5 145 1 6 196 14.4 36.3 Kammangalam(CT) 272 28.2 234 75 87 28 144 173 3.5 79 9.7 1 2 17 7 12.6 36 5 Palissery (CT)' 33 3 35.9 24.5 42 51 09 142 172 40 8.5 106 1 3 13.4 101 24.7 AVlmssery (eT) 282 31 8 143 34 3.7 2.5 147 156 1.1.3 6.5 75 29 16.8 12 1 34 4 Chevvoor(CT) 33.5 .32 6 366 48 57 1 7 139 170 38 90 116 06 10.9 8.6 18.5 Marathakkara (CT) 81 89 62 47 63 1.0 19 1 26.5 1 5 70 9.8 03 210 19.0 256 Mathdakam(CT)* 274251349 43 50 2 1 17.8 21 9 .. 5 95 12.1 1.0 17_6 13.1 32.3 Pudukkad (CT)

131 TABLE 37: DISTRIBUTION (IN PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS IN URBAN

Urban Agglomeratlon/ Per cent main workers engaged In Clly{fown Cultivation Agncultural Livestock, Forestry MIning and Manufactunng, Labour Fishing, Hunting and Quarrying Processing, Plantations. Servicing and Orchards and Allred Repairs In Acbvrtles Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Innjalakuda (M) 5 1 5 5 3 7 12 0 9 7 19 2 2.1 2 2 1 5 0 1 0 2 01 3.2 34 24 Chalakudy (M) 89 100 4:J 140 121 22.3 2.3 24 1 6 06 06 06 24 21 40 Koralty (C T)' 63 74 27 173 153 248 16 1.8 05 05 06 04 04 0.3

Kodungallur U.A. 2.0 2.5 0.6 2.6 3.0 1.3 12.1 15.7 2.1 0.5 0.7 14.6 3.4 45.8 (A) Kodungallur(M) 20 26 04 45 51 28 92110 41 04 05 01 11.6 42 33.5 (B) Enyad (CT)' 18 24 06 1 1 1 5 01 17 7 252 07 02 0.2 241 22 738 (C) Methala (CT) 20 24 09 18 21 09 11 0 142 14 0.8 1 1 110 34 34.3

Guruvayoor (U.A.) 3.0 3.6 1.4 6.6 6.0 8.4 9.1 11.5 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 (A) Guruvayoor(Ts) 1 0 12 06 16 15 18 36 44 13 01 1 7 17 19 (B) Chavakkad (M) 33 41 1.0 87 86 90 129 171 08 01 01 16 16 16 (C) Pookode (CT)' 48 58 19 154 120 24.6 85 88 76 1 5 15 1.3 (D) Perakam (CT)" 1.2 15 03 47 36 75 118 14.5 44 4.3 42 45 (E) Inngaprom (CT) 46 55 24 65 60 79 55 71 12 04 04 02 25 30 12 (F) Thaikkad (CT)' 32 35 22 91 89 99 70 86 24 02 02 08 09 04 (G) Paluval (CT)' 1.6 17 12 64 57 86 69 8.8 14 01 02 28 2.9 2.3 (H) Pavaralty (CT)' 63 70 44 49 33 89 109 146 14 03 04 02 17 1.5 23 (I) Venmenad (CT)' 23 29 43 41 50 101 123 27 07 04 17 08 08 08

Thrissur (U.A.) 2.1 2.2 2.0 7.0 5.5 12.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 (A) ThnsslJr (M) &(OG) 08 09 06 22 20 29 17 16 2.0 01 0.1 22 25 15 (01) Thnssur (M) 07 08 06 18 17 22 16 15 20 01 01 24 26 16 (02) Poonkunnam 0 G 19 28 09 29 (03) Penngavu (OG) 2 1 24 11 57 49 8.3 30 31 29 1 8 2.0 11 (04) Chembukavu (OG) 0.6 08 2.3 25 1.8 1.1 08 18 (05) Thnssur (OG) 1 0 12 04 87 7.1 12.7 1 9 23 0.9 0.2 03 01 02 (B) Vilvattom (CT) 28 29 25 116 79 22.6 1 C 12 07 38 2.5 77 27 2.6 31 (C) Viyyur (CT) 28 29 25 37 22 81 1.7 1.8 1 3 01 01 01 42 34 66 (D) Ayyanthole (CT) 30 33 23 100 74 17.2 1 8 2.1 09 0.2 03 34 38 2.4 (E) Nelbssery (CT)' 74 67 104 102 71 23.4 22 20 28 08 06 16 4.4 52 12 (F) Mannuthy (CT) 26 28 16 122 98 21 7 44 39 66 03 04 01 27 29 20 (G) Nadathara (CT) 33 35 27 122 102 181 22 25 16 01 01 01 41 42 37 (H) Ollur (CT) 1.3 13 11 83 70 130 20 21 17 04 04 06 34 3.5 29 (I) Chlyyaram (CT) 23 17 46 3.6 27 72 1 6 17 14 02 02 02 38 40 31 (J) Koorkkanchery (CT) 06 05 07 51 33 126 34 30 50 01 01 3.8 3.9 35 (K) Aranattukara (CT) 22 24 15 90 62 181 14 15 1 3 01 01 2.0 21 16 (L) Edakkunny(CT) 4.9 47 57 81 67 137 36 42 1 1 04 0.1 15 36 40 20 Perumbavoor (M) 53 62 1.5 118 100 197 24 24 27 0.4 05 01 1 2 08 29 Angamaly (M) 118 128 86 196 169 286 22 24 17 1C 1 0 0.7 36 16 101

132 AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent main workers engaged in Urban Agglomeration! Manufacturing, Construction Trade and Transport, Other Services Cityrrown Processing, Commerce Storage and ServicIng and Communications Repairs in Non Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

133 16.2 40 3.6 4.3 1.4 249 30.4 7.2 8.6 10.5 2.4 27.2 17.6 58.3 lrinjalakuda (M) 18 a 19.8 99 5.8 6.2 3.9 19.9 22.8 7.1 10.9 12.9 2.3 17.2 11.0 44.2 Chalakudy (M) 392 42.9 257 5.6 6.7 1.6 B.7 10.1 3.5 5.4 6.B 0.5 15.0 8.1 40.4 Koratty (C.T)·

14.0 13.2 16.2 8.0 10.5 0.8 19.7 25.0 5.0 9.3 12.2 1.1 17.3 13.8 27.1 KodungaUur UA 15.7 14.9 181 8.0 103 12 194 23.8 6.2 9.1 11.5 2.2 19.9 16.1 314 CA) KodungaHur(M) 10.2 9.9 10.8 4.0 5.7 0.3 19.7 28.0 0.7 9.3 13.3 0.3 12.0 11.6 13 a (B) Eriyad (CT)' 15 a 138 188 10.5 13.6 0.9 20.1 24.2 7.4 9.4 12.2 08 18.4 13.1 34.6 (e) Methela (CT)

20.1 13.5 38.9 6.7 8.3 2.4 20.4 26.1 3.9 8.6 11.3 1.1 23.5 17.7 40.0 Guruvayoor (U.A.) 15.5 13.0 227 7.9 93 3.9 24.5 299 83 8.2 10.5 1 4 35.9 28.4 58.1 (A) GUruv_aYOOf(TS) 23.8 12.4 56.5 3 3 3.9 1.3 19.5 256 2.4 9.8 131 0.5 17.1 13.6 27.0 (B) Chavakkad (M) 177 13.7 288 46 6.1 0.6 20.2 26.4 3.2 7.6 10.3 0.2 19.8 1S.4 31.8 (C) Pookode (CT)" 22 7 14.3 45.8 8.3 104 2.7 19.3 25.4 2.5 10.3 12.3 47 17 5 13.8 27.7 (D) Perakam (CT)" 21 8 14.4 422 8.5 10.1 4.2 201 264 2.8 9.4 12.1 1 9 206 15.0 36.2 (E) lringaprom (CI) 22.0 17 9 33.5 8.9 11.5 1.4 20.4 262 3.6 6.6 88 0.4 220 13.5 46.1 (F) Thaikkad (CT)" 20.8 15.5 36.8 6.9 8.8 14 175 22.9 1.4 8.8 11.7 28.1 21.8 46.8 (G) Paluvat (CT)" 14.9 112 246 9.6 128 1.4 18.0 23.5 3.6 5.5 7.3 0.6 27.9 18.4 52.7 (H) Pavaratty (CT)" 15.9 142 21.6 120 135 7.0 195 237 5.5 8.4 10.6 10 261 175 54.7 (I) Venmenad (CT)"

19.1 21.0 12.4 5.8 6.5 3.3 26.1 29.5 10.2 9.2 11.3 2.2 26.1 18.4 52.4 Thrissur (U.A.) 155 184 62 3.8 46 1.6 326 38.8 13.1 95 113 36 31.7 19.9 68.6 (A) Thrissur (M) &(OG) 15.7 18.7 64 36 4.3 1.533439.713.2 9311.1 37 314 19.6 69.0 (01) Thnssur (M) 12.2 139 86 122 181 29 9 38.9 11 4 1 9 1 4 29 41.1 25.0 743 (02) Poonkunnam O.G 11.5 144 29 6.0 73 22 232 26.8 12.2 11.6 144 3.2 35 1 24 8 66 2 (03) Penngavu (OG) 3.4 50 2.3 2.5 18 37.1 47.5 14.6 80 117 45 1 29.2 80 0 (04) Chembukavu (OG) 162 196 76 64 78 30 232 27.2 12.7 113 143 38 30.9 199 589 (OS) Thnssur (OG) 15617.3105 71 7.9 4.7 13.2 15.7 5.7 64 84 07 35.8 338 41.8 (B) Vilvattom (CT) 19.9 23.2 104 72 7.9 53 169 197 86 72 91 1.8 362 29.6 55 3 (C) Vlyyur (CT) 159 182 94 61 7.5 20 21 5 256 10.0 7.6 92 31 30.6 22.7 527 (D) Ayyanthole (CT) 17.3 189 10.2 52 6.0 1.6 224 25.6 8.4 10.1 116 3 3 20 1 16 2 37 1 (E) Nettlssery (CT), 135 15 1 71 6.4 7.~ 36 240 28 4 7.2 92 11 3 1.3 24 7 1B 5 48 6 (F) Mannuthy (CT) 201 193 226 11.3 12.7 68 186 222 7.5 10.2 132 1.2 18 0 12 3 35 7 (G) Nadathara (CT) 27 0 27 2 26 6 5 6 6.1 3 6 24 1 28 2 8 6 9 1 11 3 10 189 129 411 (H)Ollur(CT) 203 222 129 57 63 35 308 35.3 126 109 13.0 22 20.8 130 523 (I) Chiyyaram (CT) 22.3 252 9.5 10.4 10.6 9.5 22.9 25.1 136 124 14.8 20 19.1 13.S 43 S (J) Koorkkanchery (CT) 20.6 231 133 4.7 5.5 19 23.0 271 94 96 12.1 14 27.2 19.9 51.4 (K) Aranattukara (CT) 348 37.2 258 3.5 3.4 4.2 182 20.3 102 7.7 94 1 2 15.1 100 34.6 (l) Edakkunny(CT) 21 2 25 3 4 4 3.3 3.6 21 22.6 25.7 97 103 122 2 6 21 3 134 54 5 Perumbavoor (M) 17 3 19 7 9 4 4 8 5.6 13 15.9 19.3 4.6 90 11.1 1 9 149 93 332 Angamaly (M)

133 TABLE 37: DlSTRIBUnON ~N PER CENT) OF MAIN WORKERS IN URBAN

Urban AggIomerationI Per an main worms engaged in CilyfTowrt CuIIivaIion AgriaJIIuraI I.ivesIock,ForesIry Mining and ManuIacIuring, Labour Fishing, ~ and Quarrying Processing, PIinations, 5eMcingand Orchards and Allied Repairs in AdMties HouseI1IlId lndusIly P M f P fA F P fA 'F' P 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Vadakietanl (CT) 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.4 4,3 0.5 21.0 25,9 4.6 0.5 0,6 1 2 0.9 2,2 MooCIlakumam(CT)' 0.2 0,3 0.1 0,5 07 19.0 25.8 1.8 1.7 2.3 21 1.7 3,3 C1IendamangaIam (CT) 2.9 2.6 29 5.6 6,2 3.0 9.5 11.1 2.9 0.5 0,6 0.1 8,3 4,8 22,4 t.UaItupuzha (M) 3.8 4.5 0.9 8.5 7,9 11.3 2.3 2.3 21 0.2 0,2 1.5 1.3 2.4 Pravam(M)' 22.0 25.9 3.2 24,0 21.0 38.7 6.8 7.8 2.0 1.3 1.1 2,3 1.5 1,3 2,6 KooIhaIIukl.dam (M)' 216 25.3 6.6 21.3 17,5 36.1 8.0 9,3 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.0 3.2 2.2 Ko!hamangaIam (M) 15.5 18.3 4.3 23.0 19.0 39,1 4.0 4.1 10 0.4 0.5 0,1 1.3 1.4 09

KDdlllUA) u u u ~ u u u u u u ~ U 1.1 0.9 1.7 (AI Koai(C)&(OG) 0.5 06 0.3 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.9 3.2 1.3 01 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 (01) Kod1i (C) 0.3 0.4 02 0.7 0.8 0.6 2,8 3 1 1.2 0.6 0.6 0,6 (02) Kakkanad O.G. 5.5 63 2.6 21 3 11.9 32.7 4.1 4.5 2.8 3.0 30 30 03 0.3 04 (8)AIwa(M) 0.6 0 7 01 0.2 i1.2 0 2 2.0 1.7 3.4 0.9 1.0 06 (C) ChoornikXara (CT)' 3.6 3.9 2.2 8.5 6.6 18.0 1 7 1 5 2.6 0,8 0.9 21 1.6 42 (01 EdaIhaIa (CT)' 6.0 . 65 4.3 15.8 12.6 28.5 3.8 4.0 3.0 1.5 1.9 0.3 1.6 1.1 3.4 (E) Parawr (M) 1.4 1.4 14 1.3 1.3 1.5 7.7 9.2 1.7 0.2 0.2 29 1.7 7,3 (F) Kedamangalam (eT)' 1.0 1.2 04 60 5.9 6.5 15.7 19.2 3.3 1.4 1.8 0.2 6.1 3.5 15.3 (G) Kottuvally (CT) ," . 26'· 2:6 3.1 S~9 6:1 5.5 1~.3 l;q, 4.2 p.9 0.9 .1.1 3.S .2:" "1,7 (H) Afangad (CT)' 6.7 7.1 2.ll 16.7 12.2 37.8 5.4 6.1 1.7 0.2 01 0.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 (II Varapuzha (CT)' 3.9 2.4 9 7 46 3 1 10.3 12.7 14.6 5.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.1 (J) KadoogaIIoor (CT)' . 6.6 6.6 6.7 168 10.2 42.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.5 07 0.1 1.0 0.9 14 (K) EIoor (M) 14 14 1.3 2.8 23 5,2 24 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 04 0.2 (l) Clteriyakadavu (CT) 05 0.7 0.7 08 0.4 193 23.8 4.2 01 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 (M) CheranaIur (CT)' 2.3 2.4 1.9 "4 4.2 5.3 4.9 55 20 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.015 (N) IttQwIIad (CT) 1.0 0.9 1.6 2.4 2a 4.3 85 95 31 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 06 (0) Kaiamassery (1.1) 2.4 25 2.0 4.0 3.1 8 a 2.0 1.7 3.5 0.5 0,5 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.9 (P) Vazha«kala (CT)' 1.9 2.2 05 66 6.0 9,3 2.6 26 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.6 08 0,7 1.3 (Qj1'hiruvriulam (CT)' 35 3.5 3.4 8.7 6.8 15.3 3,4 3.6 2,6 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 (R) Trippunilhura (M) 1.1 1.2 0.7 7.7 7.4 8.9 3.2 3.6 2.0 0.6 0,6 0.6 1.5 1.6 1,2 (5) Maradu (eT) 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 11 6.3 6.5 5.5 04 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 Idukki Townsrup 18.0 20.2 10.0 34.5 32 6 40 7 42 4.8 20 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.8 Thodupuzha (M) 112 132 19 170 16.5 19,3 3.5 36 2.8 0.3 D.2 0.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 Palai (M) 92 111 19 97 106 6.5 6.3 7.6 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.8 01 EraIIupeHa (M)' 2J 2 9 " 1 4 1 4.6 5.4 5.5 <\.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.6 Valltom(M) 2.4 3.0 0.4 13.1 12.0 16.8 8.1 10.2 12 0.1 0.2 6.9 2.8 20.4 Changanassery (M) 36 3 9 2.3 9.5 86 13.1 1 3 1.2 1.3 0,1 a1 2.9 3.3 1.0 Kanjirap!latIy (M)' 8.3 '. 93 09 121 11.9 13.2 25;9 27.3 15.8 0.6 0.6 OA 0.7 0.7 0.. 5

134 AGGLOMERATIONS, CmES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent mam workers engaged If1 Urban Agglomeralionl Manufactunng. Const.1JCIIOII Trade and Transport, Other ServICeS GrtylTown Processillg. Commerce Storage and SefVlClng and Commul1lC3tions RepalfS 111 NOll Household 100usIIy p F P M F P M F P M p F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24252627 28 29 31

22.2 151 45.7 49 63 0.3 22.1 23 4 178 95 12.0 1 3 13.5 9.8 25.6 Vadakkekara (CT) 34.2 22.0 650 75 10.2 0.6 122 146 63 78 107 0.4 1t8 11 7 22 5 MooIhakunna!ll(Cn' 14.7 145 155 133 16.5 07 16.2 187 6.2 8.9 107 2.0 20.1 141 44.4 Chendamangalam (Cn 10.7 11 8 60 57 6.6 2 1 30.2 34 7 10 0 13.9 15 9 49 23.3 15.0 60.3 Muvalupuzha (M) 9.8 96 106 34 4.0 0.6 103 108 83 77 87 29 13.3 10.1 28.9 Piravam(M)* 74 8.2 4.4 4 1 47 17 129 144 66 6.7 81 1.1 14B 9.1 376 KoothaIIukuIam (M)' 8 C 9 3 2.7 5 8 6.S 17 150 173 57 81 93 3.1 18.9 1l.4 41 5 Kolharnangalam (1.1)

20.4 22.2 12.8 9.6 11.1 3.1 21.4 22.9 15.0 13.9 15.9 U 23.4 17.1 51.3 Koclli IUA) 176 19.3 100 9.0 10 3 2.6 25.2 26.6 189 16.2 184 6.1 26.5 19.6 58.1 (A) KocIu(C)&(OG) 17819510.0 B.9 103 24 25.7 270 19.5 16.2 18.4 60 26.S 19.8 59.4 (01) Koehl (C) 117 123 100 10.2 11 3 6.6 128 153 45 15.7 177 90 15.5 115 28.5 (02)KaktlanadOG 24.4 28 8 9 1 5 1 6.0 24 26.3 297 145 12.0 14.2 44 28.5 179 65.2 (8) AIuva (M) 25.4 Z7 4 15 9 7 3 8.0 40 184 206 81 144 167 38 179 13.0 413 (C) ChoomIkkara (CT)' ZO.7 223 144 6.4 69 42 153 180 5.0 106 128 2.1 183 14.0 34.8 (D)Edathata(CT), 16.8 177 136 71 87 1 0 243 27 9 10.4 15 0 18 2 2.4 23.4 13.8 60.7 (E) Parawr (M) 20.2 17 5 29 7 7 8 9.6 1.2 177 18.6 14.5 100 12.6 06 142 10.2 28.3 (F) KedamangaIam(CT)' 189 170 27.2 142 170 2.1 151 16.1 107 87 10.0 2.9 177 137 35.7 (G)Kottuvally(CT) 20.2 206 181 123 144 26 16.1 18.0 71 70 81 1 5 13.5 10.6 273 (H) Alangad (CT)' 206 199 236 20.1 241 43 14.3 149 11 6 70 8.4 1 5 13.8 93 31 8 (~) Varapuzha (CT)' 273 306 147 67 76 3415.718.5 4613.615.5 6.3 9.9 7.519.1 (J)Kadungalloor(CT)' 52.0 57 7 19 4 6.6 7 3 27 10.7 10.8 10.2 71 76 4.3 165 10.2 52.3 (K) Etoor (M) 24.1 167 \ 48.7 23.5 30.2 1 0 9.8 98 9.6 70 85 1 9 148 93 33.3 (L) Cheriyakadavu (CT) 22.9 245 148 17 6 20.2 41 15,4 147 18.810.3118 2520915.349.2 (M)Cheranallur(CT)' 245 263 154 113 13.0 29 166 157 212 14.9 171 39 20,4 151 470 (N) Mulavukad (CT) 305 34 2 143 67 74 40 163 180 90113130 3 7 251 186 53.5 (O) Kalamassery (M) 17 1 191 95 12.5 139 6.9 18.0 20.5 84 12.4 14.7 3.5 250 173 55.2 (P) Vazhakkala (CT)' 218 248 105 109 123 57 139 15.2 91 115 133 4 9 245 18 5 46.5 (Q) Thuuvankulam (CT)' 17 8 20.. 8.1 79 90 37 23.4 24.7 186 13.5 155 5.9 23.3 16.0 50.3 (R) TrippullIthura (M) 167 17.2 139 224 255 35 16.2 16.0 175 134 145 6 4 22.9 18 3 51 3 (S) Maradu (Cn 32 33 25 37 36 3.9 90 98 5.8 3.7 44 09 22.2 19.5 32.1 IdukluTownstup 84 87 66 37 42 13 21 2 240 80 10.2 118 2.8 23.1 16.3 55.1 Thodupuzha(M) 79 91 37 61 77 03 20.7 23 9 90 94 113 2.0 29.0 167 74.8 Patai(M) 68 68 71 37 39 03 527 553 78 101 106 16 13.6 101 724 Erattupetta (M)' 94 11 3 33 52 66 05 223 227 211 6.7 83 1 6 258 23 0 34 8 Valkom (M) 11.4 13.3 3.3 4.4 5.3 0.6 306 35.1 11.0 9.5 11.3 2.1 26.9 17.9 65.3 Changanassery (M) 61 64 38 39 43 06 187 204 63 69 76 16 171 115 570 KanJlfllllllally(M),

135 AGGLOMERA nONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY. 1991

Per cent main workers engaged in Urban Agglomeration! Manufactunng. Construction Trade and Transport. Other SelVlces CityfTown ProcessIng. Commerce Storage and Servicing and Commumcatlons RepaIrs in Non Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

15.7 18.1 5.8 4.6 5.4 O.S 20.5 23.1 9.6 S.9 10.3 2.9 26.4 18.2 61.7 Kottayam (U.A.) 136 160 44 44 54 07 239 276 100 84 97 3 2 30 1 20 3 66 8 (A) Kotlayam (M) &(OG) 125 148 35 39 4.7 07 278 322 115 87 10.0 35 31 8 22.0 687 (01) Kottayam (M) 162 188 65 57 7 0 0 7 14'2 16 3 6 1 7 6 90 2.3 259 162 622 (02) VIJayapuram (OG) 150 163 77 49 55 1 9 183 197 105 106 121 2 4 25 1 17 4 66 8 (B) Perumbalkadu (CT)' 221 249 8.4 46 55 02 144 159 76 86 98 2 7 18 5 13 9 40 6 (C) Nattakam (CT)' 340 258 581 53 68 08 152 164 119 108 140 14 138 129 16.7 Aroor (CT)* 284 175 591 41 55 04 195 241 67 93 124 06 152 145 17 4 Arookutty (CT)· __ 262 147 475 51 7.6 03 16 1 21 6 59 77 11 6 05 148 154 13 9 Kodamthuruthu (CT)· ~ . 114 172 21 14 22 02 134 203 24 34 52 05 92 105 72 Mannancherry (eT)' 13.3102265 35 4 3 0 3 24 7 29 6 3 7 8 0 9 7 1 1 18.9 149 358 Kayamkulam (M) 96 116 15 55 66 10 199 226 87 99 117 2 7 25 4 15 6 64 9 Chengannur (M) 91 110 20 65 77 1 9 197 22 1 107 87 97 4 9 34 2 26 9 61 5 Mavehkkara (M)

19.1 19.2 1S.9 3.4 5.2 0.5 14.3 20.S 4.6 5.7 S.S 0.9 14.2 14.9 13.3 Cherthala (U.A.) 152170115 44 6.2 0.9 190 267 38 79111 14 HI9 183 200 (A) Cherthala (M) 223 230 21 4 26 45 02 11 0 174 31 47 81 04 11 3 131 91 (B) Vayalar (CT)· 273 217 360 57 92 02 13,4 195 40'S 8 109 o 5 11 2 11 4 10 9 (C) Kokkothamangalam (CT)' 135 13.B 129 24 38 03 127 176 53 4.7 72 11 145 153 134 (0) Thanneermukkam (CT)' 23.8 246 226 21 3.2 0,6 124 160 72 36 54 11 112 119 102 (E) Muhamma (CT)'

18.1 19.4 .14.5 4.5 5.5 1.8 18.1 22.4 6.5 8.S 11.3 2.0 20.2 17.5 27.4 Alappuzha (U.A.) 169 17 J 149 47 57 2,0 191 235 64 93118 22 21 6 182 31 5 (A) Alappuzha (M) &(OG) 195 19B 186 51 6.0 20 21 5 25.5 74 101 123 20 237 190 406 (01) Alappuzha (M)

124 141 9:t 40 5,3 17 109 134 ~5 67 89 3 0 17 1 16 1 18 7 (02) Kalarkode (OG) 74 72 79 35 41 22 139 195 29 77 106 2 a 145 15.3 128 (03) Punnapra (OG) 241 302 12.7 33 45 10127158 67 5.8 83 1 1 12.7 131 11 9 (B) Komalapuram (CTt 92 111 25 47 59 0.4 155 179 74 94 114 27 31 2 20.7 674 Thiruvalla (M) 76 86 20 33 36 1 5 190 207 q4 67 76 1 8 188 128 54 a Pathanamthltta (M) 71 78 39 33 40 0,5 120 137 46 48 58 08 169 120 382 Pandalam (M)" 6 3 7 3 1 9 3.4 4.1 02 162 185 62 67 8.0 1 2 195 133 46.5 Adoor (M)' 88 95 55 32 37 08 163 181 69 71 82 1 5 15 1 101 404 Punalur (M) 210 126 493 35 45 04 133 146 89 59 72 1.7 132 98 245 Paravoor (M)

23.3 17.7 44.5 5.4 6.7 0.5 21.4 24.0 11.6 10.0 12.2 1.6 19.0 14.5 35.8 Kollam U.A. 199 170 311 52 ,63 o 6 22 6 24 1 16 9 10 7 12 9 2 a 213 156 438 (A) Kollam (M) &(OG) 180 174 204 57 68 09 254 277 159 118 140 29 253 17 9 559 (01) Kollam (M) 220 158 450 44 55 02 186 177 22 a 90 11 3 07 151 12 4 25 3 (02) Sakthlkulangara (0 G) 208 119 497 21 27 01 121 106 17.2 69- 8.9 04 117 ~ '6 18 b (03) Neendakara (0 G) 269 21 5 51 1 66 79 05 222 248 102 101 121 08 162 124 332 (04) Mundakkal (0 G)

137 TABLE 37: DtSTRIBUTION (tN PER CENT) OF MAtN WORKERS IN URBAN

Urban Agglomeration! Per cent main worKers engaged In CityITown Cultivation Agncultura/ Llvestock,Forestry MIning and Manufactunng, Labour Fishing, Hunting and Quarrying Processing,

Plantations I serviCing and Orchards and Allied Repairs III AcIlvities Household Industry p M F p M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

(8) Mangad (C T)* 49 64 09 188 24.5 4.3 30 40 06 01 10 09 13 (e) Klhkollur (C T)* 3.3 41 06 13 2 ~,4 1.8 20 2.3 1 1 01 0.2 01 1.0 10 09 (0) Vadakkevila (C T) 3.2 3.8 1.2 126 15.5 23 20 2.3 11 01 01 01 1.3 14 11 (E) Eravlpuram (C T) 2.7 2.9 1.9 8.0 9.3 23 93 11 1 14 01 01 27 23 44 Varkala (M) 137 144 11.2 24 0 20.9 34 7 9.8 12.3 1.4 03 0.3 01 12 13 08 Vakkom (CT)" 48 6.5 2.5 10.3 11.9 82 55 9.3 07 03 0.5 28 2.0 39 Attinga/ (M) 95 11 1 3.4 20.4 19.9 22 5 1.4 1.5 12 03 0.3 01 1.7 1.2 40 Nedumangad (M) 11 2 11.8 B.6 39.3 40.1 35.B 21 22 17 05 0.6 0.1 22 17 45 Neyyattinkara (M) 92 98 6.3 270 28.9 18.3 10 1.0 11 01 0.1 01 2.6 2.2 48

Tbiruvananthapuram (U.A.J 2.9 3.3 1.3 10.3 11.4 6.4 7.0 8,7 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.1 2.2 (A) Thiruvananthapuram (C) & 0 28 3.2 13 85 9.4 5.5 79 9.9 1 1 0.4 05 02 15 12 24 (01) Thlruvananthapuram (C) 16 1.9 06 47 53 23 67 8.4 1.2 02 02 1 1 1 1 10 (02) Kazhakutlam (O.G) 99 107 64 182 18 B 15.6 2.5 2.6 1.9 01 01 06 0.6 09 (03) Tbumba (0 G ) 57 58 54 183 190 16.0 9.3 11 9 1 0 03 0.3 15 12 25 (04) Sreekanyam (O.G ) 67 79 21 162 179 101 19 1.9 1 8 06 05 09 (05) CheruVlkkal (0 G ) 50 61 1 5 20.0 21 4 154 1.2 14_ 07 01 0.1 01 07 0.8 04 (06) VattlYDorkavu (0 G ) 83 91 50 254 27 5 16.9 13 13 1.6 06 07 02 10 10 0.9 (07) Thlruvallam (0 G ) 62 75 28 249 279 172 42 57 03 41 46 27 7.6 33 188 (08) Kavalam (0 G ) 12 1 3 0.3 78 8.0 57 603 666 09 03 0.2 21 28 1 5 146 (8) UIiDor (C T t 38 46 o8 23 4 26.9 10 3 16 1.6 1 6 02 02 11 1 0 16 (e) KUdappanal

138 AGGLOMERATIONS, CITIES AND TOWNS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY, 1991

Per cent main workers engaged 111 Urban Agglomeration! Manufactunng. Construction Trade and Transport. Other SelVlceS CityfTown Processing. Commerce Storage and Servicing and Cornrmncations Repairs in Non Household Industry P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

32.6 19.5 65.7 2.5 3.5 0.1 13.7 17 5 40 6.8 92 0.7 16.7 14.4 22.5 (8) MangOld (C T)* 31.6 20.5 71.2 6.6 8.6 03 18.1 222 36 10.0 12.6 0.6 13.8 121 199 (C) Kilikollur (C.T)* 30.6 205 658 64 8.0 0.5 19.9 247 29 8.9 11.2 1.1 15 1 126 24.0 (OJ Vadakkevtla (C.T) 21.4 144 52.7 67 8.0 10 24.7 289 56 9.2 11.0 1.0 15.4 12.2 29.9 (E) Eravlpuram (C.T) 6.2 6.3 59 4.9 6.0 11 147 16.8 75 6.2 7.4 2.1 192 14.5 35.3 Varkala (M) 37.2 16.9 63.5 6.4 109 0.4 10.0 153 31 6.0 97 1 0 16.8 17.0 16.6 Vakkom (CT)' 99 107 6.9 5.0 5.7 21 156 17.8 6.7 123 14.1 5.0 23.9 17.8 481 Attingal (M) 9.7 8.9 13.3 4.6 55 07 105 116 57 5.4 6.2 1.4 14.5 11.5 284 Nedumangad (M) 89 9.1 8.1 3.2 34 2.0 16.4 180 89 8.6 9.9 2.7 23.1 17.7 479 Neyyattinkara (M)

11.4 11.9 9.6 5.4 6.5 1.5 18.2 18.8 16.0 9.7 11.4 3.8 33.4 26.5 57.8 Thlruvammtl1apuram (U.A.) 113 11.8 97 5.3 64 1.5 19.2 199 17 0 97 11 4 3.7 33 5 26.4 575 (A) Thiruvananthapuram (C) & 0 115 12.8 70 5.2 6.2 1.5 22.0 23 2 18 1 10.7 126 4.3 36.5 283 64 0 (01) Thlruvananthapuram (C) 11.7 106 16.7 9.5 111 1.9 14.5 15.2 115 7.9 9.4 1.0 25.2 21.0 441 (02) Kazhakuttam (O.G.) 77 .67 10.8 4.8 60 1 1 12.9 8 5 27 1 6.3 79 1.1 33.2 32 7 35.1 (03) Thumba (0 G.) 11.811.4 134 81 9.3 3 7 10.5 11 0 8.5 92 11 0 2.4 34.9 290 57.1 (04) Sreekanyam (0 G.) 81 9.8 5.5 7.9 99 1.5 9.9 11 1 5 9 6.8 81 2.8 398 315 66 2 (05) Cheruvikkal (O.G.) 10.4 99 122 67 8.0 11 114 117 100 79 9.1 3.1 27.1 21 7 49 1 (06) Vatbyoorkaw (0 G.) 18.2 10.8 377 4.1 53 0.8 88 106 40 8.4 109 18 135 134 13.9 (07) Thlruvallam (O.G.) 5.6 5.2 8.9 1.3 1.4 0.7 137 100 482 22 2.3 16 49 3.6 170 (08) Kovalam (O.G.) 84 9.3 50 5.8 6.9 14 10.1 10.7 7.8 9.0 102 44 36.8 28.7 67.0 (8) UUoor (C T.)· 9.6 10.2 ,79 5.8 71 1.6 11.1 11.7 93 8.4 98 3.5 36 5 288 62.4 CCl Kudappanakunnu (C.T r 161169130 93 11.1 2.2 10.2 107 78 9.6 112 3 3 36.0 29.5 62.9 (0) Anayara (C.T.) 130 13.4 113 4.1 48 08 15.0 156 121 116 130 54 268 22.0 48.2 (E) Nemom (CT.)*

139

POPULATION SCENARIO­ PAST AND PRESENT TABLE 38: POPULATION, 1951-1991

Distnct Population 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1 2 3 4 5 6

Kerala 13,549,118 16,903,715 ,21,347,375 25,453,680 29,098,518

1. Kasaragod 411,031 512,146 683,020 872,741 1,071,508 2. Kannur 904,470 1,177,948 1,552,809 1,930,726 2,251,727 3. Wayanad 169,280 275,255 413,850 554,026 672,128 4. Kozhikode 1,116,391 1,403,413 1,821,734 2,245,265 2,619,941 5. Malappuram 1,149,718 1,387,370 1,856,357 2,402,701 3,096,330 6. Palakkad 1,214,208 1,369,508 1,685,347 2,044,399 2,382,235 7.Thrissur 1,403,150 1,688,333 2,128,877 2,439,633 2,737,311 8. Emakulam 1,393,679 1,698,513 2,163,594 2,535,204 2,817,236 9 Idukki 331,422 579,071 765,392 969,292 1,078,066 10. Kottayam 1,132,478 1,313,983 1,539,030 1,697,442 1,828,271 11. AJappuzha 1,165,845 1,404,269 1,671,286 1,865,455 2,001,217 12. Pathanamthitta 719,272 888,272 1,028,208 1,125,345 1,188,332 13. Kollam 1,110,362 1,461,103 1,839,265 2,175,339 2,407,566 14 Thiruvananthapuram 1,327,812 1,744,531 2,198,606 2,596,112 2,946,650

142 TABLE 39: PER CENT OECADAL VARIATION IN POPULATION AND AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPONENTIAL GROWTH RATE, 1951-91

District Percentdecadalvariabon Average annual exponential growth rate * 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Kerala 24.76 26.29 19.24 14.32 2.21 2.33 1.76 1.34

1 Kasaragod 2460 33.36 27.78 2278 2.20 2.88 2.45 205 2. Kannur 3024 3182 24.34 16.63 2.64 2.76 2.18 1.54 3. Wayanad 62.60 50.35 33.87 21.32 4.86. 4.08 2.92 1.93 4 Kozhlkode 2571 29.81 23.25 16.69 2.29 2.61 209 1.54 5 Malappuram 2067 33.80 29.43 28.87 1.88 2.91 2.58 254 6. Palakkad 1279 23.06 21.30 16.52 1.20 2.08 1.93 1.53 7 Thrissur 20.32 2609 14.60 12.20 1.85 2.32 1.36 1 15 8. Emakutam 2187 27.38 17.18 11.12 1.98 2.42 1.59 1.05 9.ldukkl 7472 3218 26.64 11.22 5.58 2.79 236 1 06 10 Kottayam 1603 1713 10.29 771 1.49 1.58 0.98 074 11 Alappuzha 2045 1901 1162 7.28 1.86 1.74 1 10 0.70 12 Pathanamthltta 2350 1575 9.45 5.60 2.11 1.46 0.90 054 13 Kollam 31.59 25.88 18.27 10.68 2.75 2.30 1.68 1.01 14 Thiruvananthapuram 31.38 2603 18.08 13.50 2.73 2.31 1.66 1.27

• The annual exponential growth rate provides the rate at which populatIOn IS continuously growing It IS obtained from the

relationship PI = Po e rt, where Po IS the mitlal population, P t the population after time t, and r the growth rate 'e' IS the base of natural logarithms

143 TABLE 40: SEX RAnO (NUMBER OF FEMALES PER 1,000 MALES), 1951-1991

District Sex Ratio 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1 2 3 4 5 6

Kerala 1,028 1,022 1,016 1,032 1,036

1. Kasaragod 1,046 1,026 998 1,020 1.026 2 Kannur 1,074 1,048 1,033 1,040 1,049 3 Wayanad 838 903 922 949 966 4 Kozhlkode 1,019 1,007 1,004 1,020 1,027 5 Malappuram 1,055 1,057 1,041 1,052 1,053 6 Palakkad 1,085 1,077 1,056 1,056 1,061 7 Thnssur 1,105 1,093 1,081 1,100 1,085 8. Ernakulam 1,008 999 988 . 998 1,000 9.ldukkt 909 915 937 963 975 10 Kottayam 987 988 991 1,001 1,003 11 Alappuzha 1,022 1,026 1,025 1,043 1,051 12 Pathanamthltta 996 1,011 1,019 1,056 1,062 13 Kollam 997 996 1,000 1,022 1,035 14 Thiruvananthapuram 1,010 1,005 1,008 1,030 1,036

144 TABLE 41;- URBAN POPULAnON AND JTS PROP0R110N TO TOTAL POPULATION, 1951-1991

District Urban Population as percent to Urban Population total population 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerala 1,825,832 2,554,141 3,466,449 4,771,275 7,680,294 13.48 15.11 16.24 18.74 26.39

1_ Kasaragod 42,013 88,924 113,929 43,137 176,226 1022 17.36 16.68 4_94 1645 2 Kannur 82,471 211,193 210,975 612,659 1,145,476 912 17 93 1359 3173 50.87 3 Wayanad 22,949 3.41 4 Kozhikode 228,152 379,519 561,570 610,232 1,004,497 2044 2704 30.83 27.18 38.34 5 Malappuram 63,676 75,965 124,852 177,774 282,454 5.54 5.48 6.73 7.40 9.12 6 Palakkad 146,790 148,873 214,079 206,669 374,577 12.09 1087 12.70 10.11 1572 7 Thnssur 164,182 185,652 249,845 514,783 720,216 11.70 11.00 11.74 21.10 26.31 8 Emakulam 261,923 395,310 636,010 1,002,892 1,373,177 18.79 23.27 29.40 3956 48.74 9.ldukki 10,662 25,262 44,629 50,681 3.22 330 4.60 4.72 10. Kottayam '153,347 165,469 208,762 159,107 320,918 13.54 1259 13.56 9.37 1755 11. Alappuzha 193,665 276,189 321,129 344,267 609,610 16.61 19.67 19.21 18.46 30.46 12 Pathanamthltta 53,400 34,242 38,567 62,192 155,034 1.42 385 3.75 5.53 13.05 13. Kollam 118,418 144,236 1,89,903 337,153 446,036 10,66 9.87 10.32 15.50 18,53 14, Thiruvananthapur& 307,133 448,569 571,566 655,761 998,243 23.13 25.71 26.00 25.26 3388

"" ,.

145