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Antibodies of Trypanosoma Cruzi, Leishmania Mexicana and Leishmania Braziliensis in Domiciled Dogs in Tabasco, Mexico

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Antibodies of Trypanosoma Cruzi, Leishmania Mexicana and Leishmania Braziliensis in Domiciled Dogs in Tabasco, Mexico Rev.MVZ Córdoba 22(2):5829-5836, 2017. ISSN: 0122-0268 DOI: doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1011 ORIGINAL Antibodies of Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania braziliensis in domiciled dogs in Tabasco, Mexico Anticuerpos de Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania mexicana y Leishmania braziliensis en perros domiciliados de Tabasco, México Guadalupe Arjona J1 M.Sc, Maritza Zaragoza V1 M.Sc, Claudia Zaragoza V1 M.Sc, Ricardo García Herrera1 Ph.D, Manuel Sánchez M2 Ph.D, Eliut Santamaria M1 M.Sc, Luis Cruz B1* Ph.D. 1Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A. La Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP 86280. Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. 2Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Ciencias, departamento de Parasitología, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, España.*Correspondencia: lecb82@gmail. com Received: May 2016; Accepted: November 2016. ABSTRACT Objective. To determine Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania mexicana (L.mexicana) and Leishmania braziliensis (L.braziliensis) circulating antibodies in dogs from Chontalpa region in Tabasco, Mexico using ELISA diagnostic techniques Fe-SOD and Western blot. Materials and methods. For this study, 119 serums were obtained from domiciled dogs. Serums were tested for antibodies against T. cruzi, L. mexicana and L. braziliensis, using ELISA and Western Blot sod as diagnostic test. The antigenic fraction used in both tests was the Fe-SOD excreted by the species of Leishmania and Trypanosoma. Results. The obtained frequency in this study was 3.36% for T. cruzi, 9.24% for L. mexicana and 10.08% for L. braziliensis. Conclusions. The present study has demonstrated the presence of antibodies to these parasites in Chontalpa region from Tabasco, Mexico. Keywords: Antibodies, blood serum, enzyme – linked inmunospot assay, Western blotting (Source: MeSH). RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos circulantes de Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana) y Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) en una población de perros usando ELISA Fe-SOD y Western blot en la región Chontalpa del estado de Tabasco, México. Materiales y métodos. Para este estudio se obtuvieron 119 sueros de perros domiciliados, con el consentimiento previo de los propietarios. Los sueros fueron analizados para detectar anticuerpos contra T. cruzi, L. mexicana, y L. braziliensis, usando como prueba diagnóstica ELISA-sod y Western Blot. La fracción antigénica utilizada en las dos pruebas fue la Fe-SOD excretada por las especies de Trypanosoma y Leishmania. Resultados. La frecuencia obtenida en este estudio fue de 3.36% para T. cruzi, 9.24% para L. mexicana y 10.08% L. braziliensis. Conclusiones. El presente estudio demostró la presencia de anticuerpos para estos parásitos en la región Chontalpa del estado de Tabasco, México. Palabras clave: Anticuerpos, inmuno ensayo ligado a enzimas, suero sanguineo, Western blotting (Fuente: MeSH). 5829 5830 REVISTA MVZ CÓRDOBA • Volumen 22(2) Mayo - Agosto 2017 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCCIÓN Protozoa are microorganisms that cause Los protozoarios son un grupo de microorganismos public health problems in humans. Among the capaces de generar problemas de salud pública en most important protozoa, are Trypanosoma la población humana. Dentro de los protozoarios de cruzi, which causes American Trypanosomiasis mayor relevancia en salud pública, se encuentran, or Chagas disease (1) and Leishmania sp. Trypanosoma cruzi, causante de la Tripanosomiasis which causes leishmaniasis. These agents are americana o Enfermedad de Chagas (1) y transmitted by a bed bug (Triatoma dimidiata) Leishmania spp, causante de la Leishmaniasis. Estos and a blood-sucking mosquito (Lutzomyia and agentes son transmitidos por una chinche (Triatoma Phlebotomus) respectively. However, recent dimidiata) y mosquitos hematófagos (Lutzomyia studies have indicated that agents such as ticks y Phlebotomus), respectivamente; sin embargo of the genus Rhipicephalus sanguineus may estudios recientes han señalado que agentes como be playing a role in the transmission of canine las garrapatas del género Rhipicephalus sanguineus visceral leishmaniasis (2). pueden estar jugando un rol en la transmisión de la Leishmaniasis visceral canina (2). American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, is a parasitic zoonosis caused La tripanosomiasis americana o también by a protozoan, and characterized by using two conocida como enfermedad de chagas, es una guests, vertebrate (dog) and other invertebrate zoonosis parasitaria, causada por un protozoario, (triatoma) to complete its life cycle (3); y caracterizada por utilizar dos huéspedes, Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a complex uno vertebrado (perro) y otro invertebrado group of protozoa. The life cycle takes place in (triatoma) para completar su ciclo biológico (3); two evolutionary forms, one transmitted by the La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad producida bite of a sandfly Diptera (vector) and one in the por un complejo grupo de protozoos. El ciclo host (dogs) that often acts as a reservoir of the biológico se desarrolla en dos formas evolutivas, parasite (4). According to the epidemiological uno transmitido por la picadura de un díptero importance of dogs in the transmission of Chagas flebótomo (vector) y otra en el hospedador (perros) disease as reservoirs of the parasite in endemic que en muchas ocasiones actua como reservorio areas, it is essential to know the prevalence of del parasito (4). De acuerdo con la importancia infection, as a measure of active surveillance epidemiológica de los perros en la transmisión de to identify the circulation of the parasite before la enfermedad de chagas como reservorios del it infects the human population susceptible parasito en las zonas endémicas, es fundamental (5).Some studies carried out in Yucatan on conocer la prevalencia de la infección, como medida Trypanosomiasis in dogs reported seroprevalence de vigilancia epidemiológica activa, para identificar of 10.74% (Merida, Molas and Xcalacoop) and la circulación del parasito antes de que este infecte 21.34% in the state of Quintana Roo (Playa del a la población humana susceptible (5). Algunos Carmen, Akumal Xcalac) (6). Leishmania sp. is estudios en la Península de Yucatán reportan very common in almost all the world, especially seroprevalencias de 10.74% (Mérida, Molas y in tropical and subtropical areas. Xcalacoop) y de 21.34% en el Estado de Quintana Roo (Playa del Carmen, Akumal y Xcalac) (6). El The prevalence in the Yucatan Peninsula reported agente Leishmania spp., se encuentra altamente for L. braziliensis (7.52%), L. infantum (6.07%) distribuida en el mundo, delimitada principalmente and L. mexicana (20.63%) (7), while it was en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. reported 41.4% for the peninsula in general (8) and 30.2% (9) for Merida. The most common La prevalencia en la Península de Yucatán se reporta worldwide used techniques for detection of para L. braziliensis (7.52%), L. infantum (6.07%) these agents are diagnostic techniques Enzyme- y L. mexicana (20.63%) (7), mientras que se linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), indirect reporta 41.4 % para la península en general (8) y immunofluorescence (IFI) and Polymerase Chain 30.2% (9) para la ciudad de Mérida. Las técnicas Reaction (PCR). ELISA test Fe-SOD has high diagnósticas más empleadas a nivel mundial sensitivity for the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis, para la detección de estos agentes son el Ensayo since it has a specificity between 99 and 99.7%; Inmunoenzimático Ligado a Enzimas (ELISA), and a sensitivity between 96.2 and 100% (7, Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta (IFI) y la Reacción 10,11). The use of Western Blot is justified by de la Cadena de Polimerasa (PCR). La prueba ELISA high sensitivity compared to ELISA, however Fe-SOD tiene alta sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de their values are consistent with those obtained Leishmaniasis, puesto que posee una especificidad with ELISA Fe-SOD, but has a higher cost. (7). entre el 99 y 99.7 %; y una sensibilidad entre 96.2 y 100% (7,10,11). El uso de Western Blot se justifica por tener una alta sensibilidad en Arjona et al - Trypanosoma and leishmania in dogs in tabasco mexico 5831 Since there is not accurate information regarding comparación con ELISA, sin embargo sus valores the frequency and scope of these diseases in the están en concordancia con los obtenidos con ELISA state of Tabasco, this work aimed to estimate Fe-SOD, pero posee un costo mayor. (7). Dado que the frequency of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating en el Estado de Tabasco la frecuencia y magnitud antibodies, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania de estos padecimientos se desconoce, el objetivo braziliensis in a population of dogs using Fe-SOD del presente trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia ELISA and Western blot diagnostic techniques. de anticuerpos circulantes de Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania mexicana y Leishmania braziliensis en una población de perros mediante las técnicas de MATERIALS AND METHODS diagnóstico de ELISA superóxido dismutasa (Fe- SOD) y Western blot. Field of study. An epidemiological cross- sectional for convenience study was carried out in MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS the canine population of the Chontalpa subregion of the state of Tabasco, Mexico (latitude 17°15’- Área de estudio. Se realizó un estudio 18°39’, longitude 19°00’- 94°17’). The climate epidemiológico de corte transversal por conveniencia is tropical, with temperatures of 15-44°C and en la población canina de la subregión Chontalpa
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