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(Dregea Volubilis (Lf) Benth. Ex Hook ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA Y DƯỢC ------ NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC LIÊN NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG TIÊU CHUẨN CƠ SỞ CỦA DƯỢC LIỆU BÙ ỐC LEO (Dregea volubilis (L.f) Benth. ex Hook.f., họ Thiên lý( Asclepiadaceae)) KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC NGÀNH DƯỢC HỌC HÀ NỘI - 2020 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA Y DƯỢC ------ NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC LIÊN NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG TIÊU CHUẨN CƠ SỞ CỦA DƯỢC LIỆU BÙ ỐC LEO (Dregea volubilis (L.f) Benth. ex Hook.f., họ Thiên lý Asclepiadaceae)) KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC NGÀNH DƯỢC HỌC KHÓA: QH.2015Y Người hướng dẫn: 1. PGS.TS ĐỖ THỊ HÀ 2. TS. VŨ ĐỨC LỢI HÀ NỘI - 2020 LỜI CẢM ƠN Em là Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Liên, sinh viên K4 Dược học. Lời đầu tiên em xin gửi lời cám ơn đến toàn thể Ban Chủ nhiệm Khoa Y Dược, Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội và Bộ môn Dược liệu – Dược cổ truyền đã tạo điều kiện cho em được làm khóa luận tốt nghiệp. Em xin chân thành cảm ơn các thầy cô giáo trong trường đã dìu dắt, giúp đỡ em hoàn thành chương trình học tập suốt 5 năm qua. Em xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc và tri ân đến PGS.TS. Đỗ Thị Hà, TS. Vũ Đức Lợi, những người đã luôn tận tình hướng dẫn, tạo điều kiện giúp đỡ em hoàn thành khóa luận. Em xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc và tri ân đến ThS. Phạm Thị Thúy, DS. Vũ Thị Diệp, những người chị, người thầy đã đồng hành và giúp đỡ em rất nhiều trong quá trình làm khóa luận. Em xin gửi lời cảm ơn đến các cán bộ nghiên cứu cùng các anh chị, các bạn ở Khoa Hoá Thực vật - Viện Dược liệu đã giúp đỡ em trong quá trình thực hiện khóa luận. Em xin gửi lời cám ơn Nghị định thư Việt - Hàn "Nghiên cứu hoạt tính kháng ung thư và điều hòa miễn dịch của một số cây thuốc Việt Nam" đã hỗ trợ kinh phí để em thực hiện đề tài này. Cuối cùng em xin gửi lời cảm ơn sâu sắc tới gia đình, bạn bè và người thân đã luôn quan tâm, động viên giúp em hoàn thành khóa luận này. Dù đã rất cố gắng, nhưng lần đầu làm nghiên cứu em khó tránh khỏi những thiếu sót. Em rất mong nhận được ý kiến đóng góp của các thầy cô để khoá luận thêm hoàn thiện. Em xin chân thành cảm ơn! Hà Nội, ngày 09 tháng 06 năm 2020 Sinh viên Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Liên DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU, CHỮ VIẾT TẮT Ký hiệu Viết đầy đủ DĐVN V Dược điển Việt Nam V EtOH Ethanol SD Độ lệch chuẩn Rf Hệ số di chuyển TCCS Tiêu chuẩn cơ sở TT Thuốc thử TLC Thin layer chromatography UV Ánh sáng tử ngoại v/v Tỉ lệ thể tích/thể tích DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG Bảng 1.1. Thành phần hóa học của cây Bù ốc leo.......................................................... 5 Bảng 3. 1. Kết quả định tính dược liệu Bù ốc leo bằng phản ứng ống nghiệm ........... 23 Bảng 3. 2. Độ ẩm của dược liệu Bù ốc leo................................................................... 26 Bảng 3. 3. Tro toàn phần của dược liệu Bù ốc leo ....................................................... 26 Bảng 3. 4. Tỷ lệ tro không tan trong acid của dược liệu Bù ốc leo .............................. 27 Bảng 3. 5. Hàm lượng chất chiết được trong nước ...................................................... 27 Bảng 3. 6. Hàm lượng chất chiết được bằng EtOH 70% ............................................. 27 Bảng 3. 7. Hàm lượng saponin tổng số trong dược liệu Bù ốc leo .............................. 28 DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH VẼ Hình 1. 1. Hình ảnh loài Dregea volubilis (L. f) Benth. ex Hook.f. [6] ......................... 4 Hình 1. 2. Các hợp chất polyhydroxy pregnanes phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo .............. 8 Hình 1. 3. Các hợp chất polyoxypregnan glycoside phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo. ......... 9 Hình 1. 4. Các hợp chất flavonoid phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo [12, 16, 23,29]........... 9 Hình 1. 5. Các hợp chất phenolic phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo [12] ............................ 10 Hình 1. 6. Hợp chất pentacyclic triterpenoid phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo [14] .......... 10 Hình 1. 7. Các hợp chất sterol và carbohydrate phân lập được từ Bù ốc leo[14] ..... 10 Hình 3. 1. Hình ảnh dược liệu Bù ốc leo ...................................................................... 20 Hình 3. 2. Hình ảnh vi phẫu thân Bù ốc leo ................................................................. 21 Hình 3. 3. Hình ảnh vi phẫu lá Bù ốc leo ..................................................................... 22 Hình 3. 4. Đặc điểm bột dược liệu Bù ốc leo ............................................................... 23 Hình 3. 5. Sắc ký đồ TLC định tính dược liệu Bù ốc leo .............................................. 25 MỤC LỤC LỜI CẢM ƠN DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU, CHỮ CÁI VIẾT TẮT DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH VẼ VÀ ĐỒ THỊ MỞ ĐẦU ..................................................................................................................... 1 CHƯƠNG 1: TỔNG QUAN ....................................................................................... 2 1.1. Tổng quan về chi Dregea ................................................................................. 2 1.1.1. Vị trí phân loại .......................................................................................... 2 1.1.2. Đặc điểm thực vật ..................................................................................... 2 1.1.3. Phân bố ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Tổng quan về loài Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f. .......................... 3 1.2.1. Danh pháp ................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2. Đặc điểm thực vật ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.3. Phân bố và sinh thái .................................................................................. 4 1.2.4. Tính vị, công năng, tác dụng ..................................................................... 4 1.2.5. Thành phần hóa học .................................................................................. 5 1.2.6. Tác dụng dược lý ..................................................................................... 11 1.3. Tổng quan về tiêu chuẩn cơ sở....................................................................... 11 1.3.1. Tình hình sử dụng dược liệu ................................................................... 11 1.3.2. Xây dựng TCCS ...................................................................................... 11 1.3.3. Phương thức xây dựng TCCS ................................................................. 11 1.3.4. Phương pháp xây dựng tiêu chuẩn cơ sở của dược liệu .......................... 12 1.3.5. Tiêu chuẩn đã công bố về dược liệu Bù ốc leo ....................................... 12 CHƯƠNG 2: NGUYÊN VẬT LIỆU VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU .......... 14 2.1. Nguyên liệu, hóa chất, máy móc, thiết bị ....................................................... 14 2.1.1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu ............................................................................. 14 2.1.2. Dung môi, hóa chất, thiết bị .................................................................... 14 2.2. Phương pháp nghiên cứu ................................................................................ 15 2.2.1. Mô tả ....................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2. Vi phẫu .................................................................................................... 15 2.2.3. Soi bột ..................................................................................................... 15 2.2.4. Định tính .................................................................................................. 15 2.2.5. Độ ẩm ...................................................................................................... 17 2.2.6. Tro toàn phần .......................................................................................... 17 2.2.7. Tro không tan trong acid ......................................................................... 17 2.2.8. Xác định hàm lượng chất chiết được ...................................................... 18 2.2.9. Định lượng saponin tổng số bằng phương pháp cân ............................... 18 CHƯƠNG 3: KẾT QUẢ ........................................................................................... 20 3.1. Kết quả khảo sát xác định các chỉ tiêu chất lượng của dược liệu Bù ốcleo.. 20 3.1.1. Kết quả mô tả đặc điểm dược liệu .......................................................... 20 3.1.2. Kết quả xác định đặc điểm vi phẫu ......................................................... 20 3.1.3. Kết quả xác định đặc điểm bột dược liệu ................................................ 22 3.1.4. Kết quả định tính ..................................................................................... 23 3.1.5. Kết quả xác định độ ẩm ........................................................................... 26 3.1.6. Kết quả xác định tro toàn phần ............................................................... 26 3.1.7. Kết quả xác định tro không tan trong acid .............................................. 26 3.1.8. Hàm lượng chất chiết được trong dược liệu ........................................... 27 3.1.9. Kết quả định lượng saponin tổng số bằng phương pháp cân .................. 28 3.2. Kết quả xây dựng TCCS của dược liệu Bù ốc leo ......................................... 28 3.2.1. Yêu cầu kỹ thuật...................................................................................... 28 3.2.2. Phương pháp thử ..................................................................................... 29 3.2.3. Đóng gói và bảo quản ............................................................................. 31 3.3. Bàn
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